New system of views on the Earth structural evolution: beyond plate tectonics
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| Дата: | 2010 |
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Інститут геофізики ім. С.I. Субботіна НАН України
2010
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| Назва видання: | Геофизический журнал |
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| Цитувати: | New system of views on the Earth structural evolution: beyond plate tectonics / V. Kobolev, Yu. Orovetsky // Геофизический журнал. — 2010. — Т. 32, № 4. — С. 67-69. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-1013862016-06-04T03:01:39Z New system of views on the Earth structural evolution: beyond plate tectonics Kobolev, V. Orovetsky, Yu. 2010 Article New system of views on the Earth structural evolution: beyond plate tectonics / V. Kobolev, Yu. Orovetsky // Геофизический журнал. — 2010. — Т. 32, № 4. — С. 67-69. — англ. 0203-3100 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/101386 en Геофизический журнал Інститут геофізики ім. С.I. Субботіна НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
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English |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Kobolev, V. Orovetsky, Yu. |
| spellingShingle |
Kobolev, V. Orovetsky, Yu. New system of views on the Earth structural evolution: beyond plate tectonics Геофизический журнал |
| author_facet |
Kobolev, V. Orovetsky, Yu. |
| author_sort |
Kobolev, V. |
| title |
New system of views on the Earth structural evolution: beyond plate tectonics |
| title_short |
New system of views on the Earth structural evolution: beyond plate tectonics |
| title_full |
New system of views on the Earth structural evolution: beyond plate tectonics |
| title_fullStr |
New system of views on the Earth structural evolution: beyond plate tectonics |
| title_full_unstemmed |
New system of views on the Earth structural evolution: beyond plate tectonics |
| title_sort |
new system of views on the earth structural evolution: beyond plate tectonics |
| publisher |
Інститут геофізики ім. С.I. Субботіна НАН України |
| publishDate |
2010 |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/101386 |
| citation_txt |
New system of views on the Earth structural evolution: beyond plate tectonics / V. Kobolev, Yu. Orovetsky // Геофизический журнал. — 2010. — Т. 32, № 4. — С. 67-69. — англ. |
| series |
Геофизический журнал |
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2025-07-07T10:51:25Z |
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2025-07-07T10:51:25Z |
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| fulltext |
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New system of views on the Earth structural evolution:
beyond plate tectonics
V. Kobolev, Yu. Orovetsky, 2010
Institute of Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
kobol@igph.riev.ua
For the past years a necessity has arisen to re-vise principles of the Earth’s tectonic evolution due to
increasing dissatisfaction with the modern geodynamic paradigm — concept of plate tectonics. Plate tecton-ics is
viewed to be absolute truth although this ap-proach violates the major dialectic principle of com-petiting
scientific ideas. In our opinion:
1) palaeomagnetic data, which are a main basis of mobilism, were subjectively interpreted;
2) plate tectonics did not become a universal global theory of the Earth.
In developing plate tectonics the major gnosio-logical mistake was isolating the Earth from sur-
rounding cosmic environment where the Earth is an integral and active part. Such an approach artificial-ly
eliminated a dynamic rotational effect. However, this effect seems to be the only factor capable of
providing endogenic energy of the planet according to a scheme: rotation-gravity-pressure, pressure-fric-
tional temperature. Only at the end of this genera-lized sequence of events the second active factor of
developing the Earth was triggered under super high thermodynamic regimes of the future core. It was
the liquid phase of initial planetesimal material in the form of magmatic melt, which is authentic to
selective composition of accretional substratum. It automatically follows that:
1) the inner core of the Earth is matrix of solid refractory phase under high pressure;
2) a model for accretion is heterogeneous whose
components are characterized by individual composi-tion, including radioactive thermal generators.
Melting in closed environment is accompanied with autoclave effect resulted in increase of pres-
sure in the liquid outer core. This mechanism is re-sponsible for transformation of dynamic gravitatio-nal
energy into kinetic thermally active one in the central part of the planet. Despite the different phy-sical
nature both types of energy proved to be func-tional. The metastable system can be set free from this
situation only when its lid is distorted by tec-tonic rapture, which represents a low viscosity chan-nel. The
equatorial bulge of the planet controls the place of distortion. Here rotation of the Earth has formed a
radial zone of the most intensive tensional stress of rotating rifting. This zone serves as a path-
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way for vertical migration of melt from the outer core,
the melt upwelling being caused by maximum cen-
trifugal acceleration, high inner pressure and decom-
pressional increase in a melt volume. The combina-
tion of these factors creates a long living wedge-
shaped rupture and precludes the closure of a low
viscosity tube. This situation creates persistent
magmatism in the form of mantle plumes of com-
plex composition including present-day potentially
riftogenic equatorial zone. Similar ancient equatori-
al tensional features also are rotational rifting mid-
dle ocean ridges. Hence, the Earth dynamic rota-
tional effect ignored by plate tectonic concept is
capable of giving internally consistent interpretation
of the nature of global tectonic elements of the Earth
— MOR — without the mechanism of the mantle
convection.
Using mantle convection in plate tectonics is
predetermined by driving mechanism in this con-
cept. Due to the absence of another plausible
mechanism of plate moving mantle convection is
used as driving force that propels plates, the con-
vection is being caused by mostly radioactive heat-
ing the mantle material. However, in a classical sense
this widely known physical phenomenon can occur
only in gas and gas-liquid environment. In the case
of the Earth an extremely large viscosity of the
mantle material the estimation of which is based on
indisputable seismological observations precludes
from convention. To avoid this critical situation the
convection is considered to occur at geological scale
of time. The flows of the mantle materials are taken
as principal cause for migrating lithospheres’ plates.
Although there exist many schemes of mantle con-
vection, all of them resulted from numeral theoreti-
cal modeling. Therefore scales, rates and even re-
ality of mantle convection are still a matter of con-
tentious debates. To describe this phenomenon in
mathematical terms, boundary conditions are im-
posed. As particular details of physical process are
not known, these conditions are sometimes simpli-
fied and distort a true sense of phenomenon. There-
fore erroneous results effect ultimate geophysical
conclusions. The criticism of mantle convection is
mainly based on the observation that a solidus tem-
perature of the mantle material practically coincides
with its gradient that precludes from thermal con-
vection in the lower mantle. Taking into conside-
rations this pluralism of opinions of mantle convec-
tion one must interpret the problem as not solved or
even not adequately put forward.
Based on the study of rocks composition, isoto-
pic-geochronological heterogeneity of the oceanic
upper mantle has been definitely determined. The
mantle was generated 3—1 billion years ago syn-
chronously the main stage of forming the continen-
tal Earth’s crust. It follows that it cannot survive in
the convecting mantle. So, insisting on mantle con-
vection would not be a correct approach.
However, one cannot reject convective heat-mass
transport in the form of local magmatic bodies, which
are characterized only upward flows of material.
These bodies are collectively termed as “plume tec-
tonics”. They have occurred since the Prephanero-
zoic serving as thermal valve for getting away of extra
heat outside the Earth.
Having abandoned large-scale mantle convec-
tion, we don’t consider a subduction — obduction
mechanism of plate moving derived from it because
this mechanism is rather artifact than a subject of
constructive scientific discussion.
Vertical transporting magmatic melt to the up-
per layers of the Earth in the form of mantle diapirs
or plumes leads to the equivalent deficit of mass in
the subcore according to the universal law of mass
conservation. This deficit is compensated by sub-
sidence the Earth’s surface resulting in negative
morphological features. This process seems to
manifest itself in a worldwide increase in a depth of
the World Ocean with time as inferred from sea dril-
ling as well as in fivefold excess of subsidence over
uplift in the geoid and M surface.
Horizontal movements are related to the change
in the principal moment of inertia of the Earth: J=mR2
(m — mass, R — radius) and derivative from it fluc-
tuations of angular velocity in its rotating. In descri-
bing a physical sense of the equation we must em-
phasis that the only variable parameter proving a
necessary effect is the radius of the Earth. Its change
seems to be related to phase transformation of the
first kind (fusion and crystallization) — in other word
to genesis of magma. This inference is rather reli-
able because magma genesis as derived from the
present-day seismic tomography sometimes occurs
at the mantle depths up to the core resulting in
mantle diapirs or plumes. In fusing material the lo-
cal Earth’s radius increases while crystallization
leads to its decrease. These transformations ap-
pear to change an angular velocity of the Earth ( )
due to the principle of inertia moment.
According to seismological data there are two
asthenospheres in our planet. The upper astheno-
sphere underlays the lithosphere and is spatially
discrete. Despite this fact supporters of plate tecto-
nics consider that over it lithosphere plates move.
The lower asthenosphere is a liquid spherical layer
E (outer core or subcore of the Earth) without any
sufficient horizontal and vertical disruptions. There-
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fore the highly dense inner core of the Earth iner-
tially continues its rotation in the spherical layer of
low viscosity when the Earth changes a rotating
velocity. In a case of acceleration , the rotation of
the core will retard relative to displacement of the
Earth’s shell (westward drift). On the contrary a de-
crease in will lead to an increase in a rotation
velocity of the core relative to a rotation velocity of
the shell (eastward drift). In other words the outer
core is characterized by spherical symmetry in a
rotational field that provides optimal conditions for
lateral gliding of the solid shell over the liquid upper
layer E. The Earth must inevitably react to these
deep inertial disturbances by appropriate horizontal
movements of masses relative to the axis of the
magnetic dipole that will be clearly documented by
the palaeomagnetic method. To the contrary of plate
tectonics such a dynamics is free from constraints
concerning spatial discreteness of the upper as-
thenosphere.
Palaeomagnetic poles of the planet migrate to-
gether with the moving mantle. To tell more accu-
rate poles themselves don’t migrate: displace their
former locations on the Earth’s revealed by palaeo-
magnetic measurements. Small eccentricity of
palaeomagnetic and geographic poles is averaged
out for 104 years. Therefore it can be neglected at
geological time. Palaeomagnetic equators change
their positions following migration of palaeomagnet-
ic poles as they are coupled.
Our system of views of a structural evolution of
the Earth relies on a dynamic rotational-gravitatio-
nal mechanism and subcore magmatism accom-
panied it. A lateral migration of the Earth’s surface
occurs not along the basement of lithospheric plates
but over the basement of a solid shell of the Earth,
over the liquid surface of the outer core, which is
not spatially discrete. This mechanism produced
the equatorial bulges of rotational riftoges on the
planet. These features of planetary tectonic diver-
gence forming with time the dense network of divi-
sibility in the tectonosphere favour its long conduc-
tive heat by rising overheated subcore material. As
a result a temperature regime is created for selec-
tive fusing primary heterogeneous accretional sub-
stratum. In the mantle large regions of inertially re-
active seismic wave-guides are formed and separa-
tion of fusible ingredients is complete. In a case of
their abundance the thick continental crust is origi-
nated their deficit produces the oceanic crust. It is
not excluded a similar autometamorphic mechanism
of building discrete regions in the asthenosphere
with entire spectrum of magmatic melts in them.
Deep processes of the global rifting seem to be
common from the formation of the liquid outer core.
However, subsequent tectonic events sometimes
transformed old rifts to such an extent that they are
now not recognizable. Nevertheless even their re-
maining features are of paramount interest for a tec-
tonic analysis. Therefore we consider that the study
of this problem only starts. In future it will be nee-
ded to actively develop the quantitative aspect of
palaeomagnetism (including oldest rocks) to first
shed light into deep rotational, essentially riftoge-
nic divisibility of the Earth.
Depending on morphologic hierarchy deep mag-
matogens rise to the outer shell of the planet in the
form of diapirs or plumes producing above them-
selves positive relief including old platform areas and
compatible with them compensating lows up to buil-
ding oceanic depressions (Yuen et al., 2007).
As a consequence we arrive at a fundamental
conclusion: a rotational- gravitational mechanism of
the Earth accompanied with deep magmatism main-
tains its complex unstable mechanical system of
permanent structure-forming on the surface of the
integral continuous liquid subcore. In this context a
derivative rotational rifting is the principal mecha-
nism for structural transformations of the Earth’s
tectonosphere.
As for the plate tectonic paradigm our forgoing
discussion shows inefficiency of its basic dynamic
premise — mantle convection. The statement is
based on non-uniqueness of solving the convection
problem that rule out it of the plate tectonic mecha-
nisms. In the absence of mantle convection there
are no migration of lithospheric plates, subduction
and obduction — the principle elements of neo-
mobilism. The progressive role of the plate tectonic
paradigm is indisputable only in one aspect: it is
based on a huge piece of the present-day geologi-
cal and geophysical information mostly on the oce-
anic tectonosphere. Nevertheless its criticism wi-
thout suggesting something else is captiousness.
An alternative system of views is briefly presented
in this paper. Its major elements are of physical na-
ture: they rely on basic oscillating processes which
in turn rest on the universal law of conservative of
energy. Due to�its�merit it is presented as a missing
link between two antipodal geological ideologies of
fixism whose historically formed canons remain in-
violable and mobilism of its new version.
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