Research in joining technologies in Austria
Within the Austrian network of excellence COMET K-project JOIN4+ companies and research institutes cooperate in funded research projects. JOIN4+ exhibits a total budget of 6.6 Mio. Euros, which is covered by all research partners, the Austrian government as well as the involved provinces. Currentl...
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Інститут електрозварювання ім. Є.О. Патона НАН України
2013
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| Цитувати: | Research in joining technologies in Austria / N. Enzinger, C. Sommitsch // Автоматическая сварка. — 2013. — № 10-11 (726). — С. 89-92. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-1032262016-06-15T03:02:48Z Research in joining technologies in Austria Enzinger, N. Sommitsch, C. Пленарные доклады Международной конференции Within the Austrian network of excellence COMET K-project JOIN4+ companies and research institutes cooperate in funded research projects. JOIN4+ exhibits a total budget of 6.6 Mio. Euros, which is covered by all research partners, the Austrian government as well as the involved provinces. Currently eight different projects in two areas are treated. In this contribution the funding situation as well as selected results are presented 2013 Article Research in joining technologies in Austria / N. Enzinger, C. Sommitsch // Автоматическая сварка. — 2013. — № 10-11 (726). — С. 89-92. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/103226 621.791.001.12/.18 en Автоматическая сварка Інститут електрозварювання ім. Є.О. Патона НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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English |
| topic |
Пленарные доклады Международной конференции Пленарные доклады Международной конференции |
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Пленарные доклады Международной конференции Пленарные доклады Международной конференции Enzinger, N. Sommitsch, C. Research in joining technologies in Austria Автоматическая сварка |
| description |
Within the Austrian network of excellence COMET K-project JOIN4+ companies and research institutes cooperate in funded
research projects. JOIN4+ exhibits a total budget of 6.6 Mio. Euros, which is covered by all research partners, the Austrian
government as well as the involved provinces. Currently eight different projects in two areas are treated. In this contribution the
funding situation as well as selected results are presented |
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Article |
| author |
Enzinger, N. Sommitsch, C. |
| author_facet |
Enzinger, N. Sommitsch, C. |
| author_sort |
Enzinger, N. |
| title |
Research in joining technologies in Austria |
| title_short |
Research in joining technologies in Austria |
| title_full |
Research in joining technologies in Austria |
| title_fullStr |
Research in joining technologies in Austria |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Research in joining technologies in Austria |
| title_sort |
research in joining technologies in austria |
| publisher |
Інститут електрозварювання ім. Є.О. Патона НАН України |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| topic_facet |
Пленарные доклады Международной конференции |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/103226 |
| citation_txt |
Research in joining technologies in Austria / N. Enzinger, C. Sommitsch // Автоматическая сварка. — 2013. — № 10-11 (726). — С. 89-92. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. |
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Автоматическая сварка |
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AT enzingern researchinjoiningtechnologiesinaustria AT sommitschc researchinjoiningtechnologiesinaustria |
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2025-07-07T13:29:29Z |
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2025-07-07T13:29:29Z |
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1836995020254609408 |
| fulltext |
8910-11/2013
UDC 621.791.001.12/.18
RESEARCH IN JOINING TECHNOLOGIES IN AUSTRIA
N. ENZINGER a, C. SOMMITSCH b
Institute for Materials Science and Welding, Graz University of Technology, Kopernikusgasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
a Norbert.Enzinger@TUGraz.at, b Christof.Sommitsch@TUGraz.at
Within the Austrian network of excellence COMET K-project JOIN4+ companies and research institutes cooperate in funded
research projects. JOIN4+ exhibits a total budget of 6.6 Mio. Euros, which is covered by all research partners, the Austrian
government as well as the involved provinces. Currently eight different projects in two areas are treated. In this contribution the
funding situation as well as selected results are presented. 11 Ref., 7 figures.
K e y w o r d s : research funding, welding, friction welding, FSSW, modelling, AHSS
1. Introduction
Innovative and competitive products require
sound basic research with according budgets. As one
positive example the Austrian Network of Excellence
for Joining Technologies JOIN4+ is presented in this
contribution. International partners from industry and
academia in the field of welding technology cover rel-
evant tasks enabling the company partners to intro-
duce innovative products on the global market.
2. Funding concept
The Austrian Research Promotion Agency (ffG)
offers different concepts for co-financing of applica-
tion-oriented research. The current COMET-program
(Competence Centres for Excellent Technologies)
contains three different routes (K2, K1 and K-pro-
jects) which covers different aims, budgets and con-
tract periods. [1].
K-projects are focused on the application, which is
very attractive for companies. Nevertheless compared
to K1 and K2, K-projects show the smallest overall
budget.
2.1. Basic guidlines
Within K-projects company partner have to fi-
nance 50% of the project volume by means of in-kind
or cash contribution.
5% of the overall budget has to be covered by the
research partners by means of inkind contributions.
Two third of the residual is funded by the as fore men-
tioned ffG and one third is covered by the involved
provinces of Austria. The maximum possible funding
is limited for each K-project.
2.2. Projects and partners
Within the K-project JOIN4+ 15 company partners
are actively involved in eight different projects. Two
partners are from Germany, one is from Switzerland,
the remaining are from Austria:
Company partners:
� Air Liquid Austria GmbH
� Audi AG
� Berndorf Band GmbH
� Bombardier Transportation Austria GmbH
� Benteler SGL Composite Technology GmbH
� fronius International GmbH
� InfraTec GmbH
� Jansen AG
� MCE – Maschinen und Apparatebau GmbH & Co
� pewag austria GmbH
� PLASMO Industrietechnik GmbH
� Wilhelm Schmidt KG
� voestalpine Draht GmbH
� voestalpine Stahl GmbH
� Welser Profile AG
five scientific partners from Austria and one from
Germany are completing the project team:
Research partners:
� Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute
for Communications Engineering and Rf-Systems
� fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials
� Graz University of Technology, Institute for
Materials Science and Welding
� Vienna University of Technology, Institute of
Materials Science and Technology
� Light Metals Technologies Ranshofen
� Schweiβtechnische zentralanstalt Wien
In each subproject at minimum two companies
and one research partner have to be involved. One
requirement of this research funding approach is the
strong link between different subprojects leading to a
significant added value compared to single projects.
As shown in figure 1: Coupling of different
sub-projects covering different topics1 different
sub-projects within JOIN4+ are coupled to each other.
Additionally to informal information exchange, semi-
nars and other activities are organised by the JOIN4+
management.
Due to different focus of the diverse projects tow
clusters were formed. These areas are called Advanced
Materials Joining focusing on the behaviour of the
material to be joined and Advanced Joining Processes
& in-situ Process Control concentrating on advanced
joining processes. Additionally, modelling and simu-
© N. Enzinger, C. Sommitsch, 2013
90 10-11/2013
lation is applied to all projects and a strategic project
is run within JOIN4+.
2.3. Organisation
The Institute for Materials Science and Welding at
Graz University of Technology in Austria is the re-
sponsible consortium manager. Different persons in
charge cover scientific, financial and operative tasks.
To consider and protect different interests of scientific
and company partners, the core partners are joined in
the legal consortium ARGE JOIN4+, supporting the
consortium management.
2.4. Boundary conditions
Additionally to the funding contract each individ-
ual sub-project is defined by a project contract deter-
mining tasks, responsibilities and intellectual property
rights between the partners. funding is paid annually
based on the given cost report.
for documentation, annual reports have to be for-
warded to the funding organisation. These reports
also include success stories. Additionally the K-pro-
ject is evaluated after two years and after the end of
the funding period. As a result of these evaluations
changes and advancements can be requested by the
funding organisation.
Depending on the requirements of the involved
provinces additional efforts are necessary such as the
formulation of a marketing concept or the setup of a
homepage.
3. Selected results
3.1. Soft zone
The soft zone due to welding of advanced high
strength steels often is a limiting factor in the appli-
cation of these materials (figure 2: Soft zone due to
welding of high-strength steel. [2]2).
In this sub-project it is systematically investigated,
which welding parameters are essential in the devel-
opment of this weak zone and how they change the
local material properties. furthermore it is explored,
which variables, describing the soft zone, signifi-
cantly influence the strength of a real joint. Basically
the static strength is investigated but also the fatigue
strength is considered.
Therefore extensive experimental thermo-me-
chanical investigations are performed to evaluate the
numerical finite element simulation using Abaqus
solver. [3] The systematic variation of different varia-
bles describing the soft zone shows that especially the
quotient of width of the soft zone and sheet thickness
as well as the level of the soft zone compared to the
strength of the base materials are the most influencing
factors. However preparation of the seam, especially
of the bevel angel, was found to be less important.
Additionally microstructure development due
to welding is modelled by means of SYSWELD. In
house developed routines are implemented to consid-
er effects like grain growth. [4] Variables necessary in
these routines are based on microstructural character-
isation of different treated microstructures by means
of metallography. The results are then verified and ex-
trapolated by use of MatCalc simulations. With this
coupling of different methods it is possible to calcu-
late the grain size and therefore to estimate material’s
strength due to an applied welding process.
3.2. Chain
In a predecessor project a prototype for a total-
ly new approach in chain production was designed.
Two half links are welded by means of linear friction
welding. [5] In the current sub-project the influence of
different welding parameters such as amplitude, fre-
quency, friction force and forging force on the quality
of the joint is investigated systematically. It is found
that the geometry of the flash is a reasonable indicator
for the quality. This correlation enables very fast in-
line quality estimation during the start-up phase of the
process. furthermore it is found that with decreasing
welding cycle time the quality of the joint improves.
Based on this it is concluded could that this new pro-
duction process is highly economic (figure 3: With
decreasing friction time the joint quality improves.
Quality is estimated by means of flash geometry from
not acceptable (A) to very good (D).3).
Additionally to comprehensive experimental
investigations of the friction welding process of
chains, a simulation program of the process is de-
figure 1. Coupling of different sub-projects covering different
topics
figure 2. Soft zone due to welding of high-strength steel [2]
9110-11/2013
veloped. A sever difficulty is the proper description
of the heat input, which is based on friction and
significantly changes during the process. By means
of an inverse approach both heat input and temper-
ature dependant friction coefficient is estimated.
Therefore the local temperature of the chain, as an
input parameter for this calculation, has to be meas-
ured as a function of time.
With the estimated heat input as a boundary condi-
tion the transient temperature field and subsequently
deformation as well as flash formation can be calcu-
lated by means of an fE code, see figure 4: Compar-
ison of measured and calculated temperature during
friction welding.4. [6]
3.3. Pin structures
Applying the CMT process (Cold Metal Transfer)
developed by fronius it is possible to produce differ-
ent geometries of so called pins, as shown in figure 5.
By proper application of voltage and mechanical
movement of the filler wire the height and shape of
the pin can be determined.
Using such pins enables to strengthen the joints
between dissimilar materials such as steel and alu-
minium or even metal and fibre reinforced polymers
by form-fit. [7]
In this project two different goals are defined. In
a first step the production process of the pin itself is
modelled. Especially heat input distribution during
welding and shaping of the pin is modelled in a cou-
pled fE calculation for different materials such as
steel, titanium aluminides, etc. Secondly, the proper-
ties of the pins in combination with the materials to
be joined are estimated. These properties depend on
a high degree on the process of welding and shaping
which is performed prior to the mechanical loading.
Aluminium pins face a special challenge for a
successful application. Based on the thermo-physical
properties they cannot be produced shorter than ap-
proximately 2 mm. Since one possible application is
automotive industry where thin sheets are of interest,
even 2 mm pins seem to be too long. Therefore one
current focus in research is to produce much shorter
pins for aluminium.
Based on the Surfisculpt® process, which was de-
veloped by TWI for steel, electron beam process is ap-
plied to structure the surface of aluminium thin sheets
figure 3. With decreasing friction time the joint quality improves.
Quality is estimated by means of flash geometry from not accept-
able (A) to very good (D)
figure 4. Comparison of measured and calculated temperature
during friction welding
figure 5. Different geometries of pins with characteristic
dimensions
figure 6. Surface structuring by pins (a) is produced from base
material by electron beam introduced material flow (b)
92 10-11/2013
(figure 6: Surface structuring by pins (a) is produced
from base material by electron beam introduced ma-
terial flow (b).6). This approach has not been reported
for aluminium alloys so far.
friction stir spot welding (fSSW) of AA6082-T6
Additionally to the sub-projects that have been
submitted, proved and funded by the COMET pro-
gram, there is a further possibility to finance basic re-
search projects in the so-called non-k area, where the
company partners directly finance strategic projects.
One topic under consideration deals with the model-
ling of microstructure evolution of aluminium alloys
during the friction stir spot welding process.
Based on previous projects [9,10] a physically
based model developed to describe the microstructur-
al evolution due to fSSW [11]. To generate proper
material input parameters for the simulation, Gleeble
experiments are conducted with a torsion unit. The
grain size representing the thermo mechanical heat
affected zone is measured from specially defined
welding experiments. These results are then used to
evaluate the simulated thermo mechanical heat affect-
ed zone by means of the calculated grain size distribu-
tion, see figure 7: Comparison of experimentally and
numerically determined thermo mechanical affected
zone after fSSW of AA6082-T6. [11]7.
4. Summary
The Austrian K-project JOIN4+ is a very successful
cooperation between companies and academia. In two
working areas eight different projects with significant
interconnections are treated. following key issues can
be summarized:
� Basic mechanisms of friction welding
� Prediction of properties of welded joints in ad-
vanced high strength steels
� Improved reliability for detection and charac-
terisation of weld defects
� Improved process reliability by control of sig-
nificant welding parameters
� Development of modern sensors for welding
processes
� Joining of dissimilar materials
Sound communication between the project part-
ners stimulates to find surprising solutions leading to
innovative and advanced results. A further advantage
of this approach is the possible starting point of a
long-term cooperation between acting partners.
5. Acknowledgement
The K-project Network of Excellence for Join-
ing Technologies JOIN4+ is funded in the frame
of COMET — Competence Centers for Excel-
lent Technologies by BMVIT, BMWfJ, ffG, Land
Oberösterreich, Land Steiermark, SfG and zIT.
The program COMET is managed by the Aus-
trian Research Promotion Agency in Vienna.
http://www.ffg.at/comet.
1. http://www.ffg.at/comet
2. Hochhauser, f., Ernst, W., Rauch, R. et al. (2012) Influence
of the soft zone on the strength of welded modern HSLA
steels. Welding in the World, 56, 0506, 77-85.
3. Maurer, W., Ernst, W., Rauch, R. et al. (2012) Numerical
simulation on the effect of HAz softening on static tensile
strength of HSLA steel welds. In: Proc. of 10th Int. Seminar
on Weldability (Seggau, Austria, Sept. 2012).
4. Rahman, M., Albu, M., Enzinger, N. (2012) On the modeling
of austenite grain growth in micro-alloyed HS steel S700MC.
In: Ibid.
5. fuchs, f., Tasic, P., Enzinger, N. (2009) Innovatives
Schweissverfahren fuer hochfeste Hebe- und foerderketten.
Schweiss- & Prueftechnik Sonderband, 15–17.
6. Mucic, K., fuchs, f., Enzinger, N. (2012) Linear friction
welding of high strength chains. In: Proc. of 9th Int. Conf.
Trends in Welding Res. Conf.
7. Ucsnik, S., Scheerer, M., zaremba, S. et al. (2010) Experi-
mental investigation of a novel hybrid metal-composite join-
ing technology. Composites Pt A. Applied Science and Man-
ufacturing, 41, 369–374.
8. http://www.twi.co.uk/technical-knowledge/published-pa-
pers/an-introduction-to-surfi-sculpt-technology-new-oppor-
tunities-new-challenges-april-2007/
9. Khosa, S., Weinberger, T., Enzinger, N. (2010) Thermo-me-
chanical investigations during friction stir spot welding
(fSSW) of AA6082-T6. Welding in the World, 54, 134–146.
10. Pavel, S., Melzer, C., Sommitsch, C. (2012) Prediction of
precipitation kinetics during homogenization and micro-
structure evolution during and after hot rolling of AA5083.
Int. J. Mechan. Sc., 54, 12–19.
11. Gao, z., Niu, J., Krumphals, f. et al. fE modeling of mi-
crostructure evolution during friction stir spot welding in
AA6082-T6. IIW Annual Assembly IX-NF. Denver, USA,
8.7.2012.
Recieved 22.02.2013
figure 7. Comparison of experimentally and numerical-
ly determined thermo mechanical affected zone after fSSW of
AA6082-T6 [11]
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