Kola Super-deep — evidence of fluids in the Crust
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| Zitieren: | Kola Super-deep — evidence of fluids in the Crust / S. Milanovsky // Геофизический журнал. — 2010. — Т. 32, № 4. — С. 103-105. — Бібліогр.: 22 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-1040352016-06-30T03:02:22Z Kola Super-deep — evidence of fluids in the Crust Milanovsky, S. 2010 Article Kola Super-deep — evidence of fluids in the Crust / S. Milanovsky // Геофизический журнал. — 2010. — Т. 32, № 4. — С. 103-105. — Бібліогр.: 22 назв. — англ. 0203-3100 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/104035 ru Геофизический журнал Інститут геофізики ім. С.I. Субботіна НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
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Russian |
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Article |
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Milanovsky, S. |
| spellingShingle |
Milanovsky, S. Kola Super-deep — evidence of fluids in the Crust Геофизический журнал |
| author_facet |
Milanovsky, S. |
| author_sort |
Milanovsky, S. |
| title |
Kola Super-deep — evidence of fluids in the Crust |
| title_short |
Kola Super-deep — evidence of fluids in the Crust |
| title_full |
Kola Super-deep — evidence of fluids in the Crust |
| title_fullStr |
Kola Super-deep — evidence of fluids in the Crust |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Kola Super-deep — evidence of fluids in the Crust |
| title_sort |
kola super-deep — evidence of fluids in the crust |
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Інститут геофізики ім. С.I. Субботіна НАН України |
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2010 |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/104035 |
| citation_txt |
Kola Super-deep — evidence of fluids in the Crust / S. Milanovsky // Геофизический журнал. — 2010. — Т. 32, № 4. — С. 103-105. — Бібліогр.: 22 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Геофизический журнал |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT milanovskys kolasuperdeepevidenceoffluidsinthecrust |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-07T14:46:07Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-07T14:46:07Z |
| _version_ |
1836999841647951872 |
| fulltext |
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Two previous models are based on the prescribed
thickness of the crust (given by CRUST2) and mo-
del topography does not match exactly the observed
topography of TAP. In model 3 we assume that the
CRUST2 model is inaccurate. We stretched the
thickness of the model crust so that after isostati-
cal adjustment observed and model topography
match exactly. Varying T within model 3 we found
that the optimal value for constant T within TAP
and improve significantly the match between model
results and observation.
The density of mantle within models 1—3 de-
pends only on thermal state of mantle, which in turn
depends on the age and crustal thickness. The ob-
servations, however, point out existence of signifi-
cant compositional (and thus, density) variations of
the mantle beneath TAP. In model 4 we assume
that part of mismatch between CRUST2 — based
topography and observed topography is associated
mantle density variations. That was emulated by
variations of effective thermal situation, simply by
assuming T varies laterally.
In addition to the stresses directly resulted from
GPE, we considered several additional complications
of the model. In series B we considered basal drag
caused by sub-mantle flow derived from mantle con-
vection model. We couple this flow filed to models 3
and and vary parameters of coupling. Whereas the
model B3 shows little improvement compared to mo-
del 3, the basal drag with reasonable parameters of
coupling improves significantly model with variable den-
sity of the lithospheric mantle (model 4 vs, model B4).
All the models considered above are based on
uniform rheological properties of TAP. This is very
strong simplifying assumption. In model series C
we considered simplest variations of rheological pro-
perties, assigning weakening along mid-oceanic rid-
ges. The results improve (model C4) when weake-
ning related to young age of the ocean floor is by up
to two orders of magnitude.
References
Bassin C., Laske G., Masters G. The Current Limits of
Resolution for Surface Wave Tomography in North
America // EOS Trans AGU. — 2000. — 81. — P. F897.
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Kola Super-deep — evidence of fluids in the Crust
S. Milanovsky, 2010
Institute of Physics of the Earth, RAS, Moscow, Russia
svetmil@mail.ru
The program of deep continental drilling became
qualitatively a new stage in progressing of know-
ledge of the Earth crust. The major point of this new
knowledge became the evidence of deep-seated
fracturing of the crust. Geothermal investigations in
Kola hole (SD-3) have been combined with a wide
range of the adjoining studies which are carried on
in this hole — hydrogeology, petrology, geochemis-
try of RAE, rock mechanics, numerous geophysi-
cal observations. It has given the chance to study
thermal conditions of the Earth crust more deeply.
The report includes some important results of geo-
thermal in SD-3 [Ljubimova et al., 1985; Kreme-
netsky et al., 1986; Arshavskaya et al., 1987; Bo-
revsky et al., 1985; 1997; 1998; Milanovsky, 1998].
Along with measuring, they included interpreting of
a modification of a heat flux and its components
with depth. It is necessary to name as the most
essential result detection of link of a thermal field
with hydro physical zonality of the crust and its frac-
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turing. By geothermal study in SD-3 it was estab-
lished, that heat flow density is enlarged with depth
from 30 mWm 2 to 49.5 mWm 2, locally to 68 mWm 2
[Borevsky et al., 1997; 1998; Milanovsky, 1998].
These values practically have a little varied after
conducting of the subsequent mass measuring of a
thermal conductivity of cores from SD-3 [Popov et
al., 1999]. It was found, that by the most essential
reason of growth of heat flow with depth, along with
paleoclimatic effect which is limited with depth the
downward filtering of meteoric waters is [Ljubimova
et al., 1985; Borevsky et al., 1985]. On geothermal
data Darcy velocity of a downward filtering in Pro-
terozoic metamorphic rocks — 0.4 cm per year has
been estimated. The evaluation of rate of this filte-
ring has appeared is close to rate of modern uplift of
blocks of a surface on Baltic Shield. The refraction
of a vertical component of a temperature gradient
on sloping interfaces of stratums of contrasting ther-
mal conductivity is found. It is demonstrated, that
geothermal parameters respond the physical-me-
chanical boundary lines [Milanovsky, 1998, Abdra-
khimov et al., 1999] determined by complex analy-
ses of SD-3 section [Borevsky et al., 1987; 1998;
Milanovskiy, Borevsky, 2000]: Detailed level-by-le-
vel allocation of RAE (U, Th and K) of SD-3 cross-
section [Kremenetsky et al., 1986] was studied.
Average heat generation of the rocks in Protrusion
complex is 0.41 10 6 Wm 3, in Achaean complex —
1.47 10 6 Wm 3. The contribution of Low Proterozo-
ic complex in an integral heat flux is 2.8 mWm 2,
and of Achaean complex is 6.86 mWm 2. Link of
metamorphic processes with non-uniformly scaled
redistribution of U and Th in the rocks on depths up
to 10 km was found. Comparison of heat flux value
in Kola super-deep with heat generation model al-
lows to conclude:
1) in Pechenga (Proterozoic) complex the heat flux
depends from radiogenic heat sources a little; the
controlling factors instituting fluctuations of heat flow
value are hydro-geological, structural and thermal;
2) in Archean part heat generation growth result
in decreasing of heat flux with depth on the average
~5 mWm 2. Along with deep studies, in Kola region
field work on temperature gradient analysis 36 pros-
pecting holes on the Ni-ore field "Verchnee" have
been made. Salinity of fluid in a number of holes
was measured, and also a thermal conductivity of
1375 samples of rock cores from 21 holes was
mesured [Christoph et al., 1996; Schellerschmidt
et al., 2003a; 2003b]. The heat flow in 19 boreholes
on “Verhnee” varied between 31—45 mWm 2with a
mean 38 mW*
2 [Mottaghy et al., 2005]. In the
majority of boreholes the heat flux tests the consi-
derable modifications with depth that correspond to
the analogous variations of a heat flow observed in
the upper part of SD-3. The carried out analysis [Mot-
taghy et al., 2005] allows drawing a conclusion, that
this regularity is not a consequence of production
operations, and reflecting a natural appearance. The
reason of this effect — combination of advective fil-
tration in fractured rocks, structure factor and pa-
leoclimat. The preliminary analysis of a heat flux
has demonstrated that filtration (fracturing) plays a
defining role at the subordinate effect of varying sur-
face temperature and the insignificant contribution
of structural heterogeneity of rocks. Near surface
geothermal studies have allowed to detect the space
in homogeneity of a thermal field in the upper crust.
Analysis of hydro-geothermal field has shown its
link with stress field, fault tectonics and according-
ly with inhomogeneous lateral permeability of the
upper crust. The obtained data have been used for
2D thermal modeling of Pechenga Synclinorium and
for calculation of deep temperatures in the crust.
From a stand dilatancy model [Nikolaevskiy, 1996]
analysis geothermal, seismic, geoelectric, density
and petrologic models of old crust [Milanovsky, 1984;
Milanovsky, Nikolaevskiy, 1989; 2000] was carried
out. Comparison of PT-conditions on Conrad and
Moho boundaries their correspondence to boundary
lines of stick-slip and dislocation plasticity accord-
ingly was established. The range of a bright dilata-
tion for geomaterials coincides with the position of
low velocity zone in SD-3 section.
The author expresses gratitude to many col-
leagues for their participation and the help in car-
rying out various parts of the present study. This
work has been supported by Soros Foundation and
INTAS-93 — 273 grant.
References
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Borevsky L. V., Kuznetsov Yu. I., Milanovskiy S.Yu.
New data about peculiarities of physical proper-
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ties in the Kola superdeep hole // Ann. Geophys. —
1998. — 16. — P. C85.
Borevsky L., Milanovsky S., Yakovlev L. Fluid-Thermal
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Proc. World Geothermal Congr. — Florence, 1995.
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Borevsky L. V., Vartanyan G. S., Kulikov T. V. Hydrolo-
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