Ultra low-frequency electromagnetic variation observed prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami

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Datum:	2010
Hauptverfasser:	Sobisevich, L., Kanonidi, K., Sobisevich, A.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Russian
Veröffentlicht:	Інститут геофізики ім. С.I. Субботіна НАН України 2010
Schriftenreihe:	Геофизический журнал
Online Zugang:	http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/104036
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Zitieren:	Ultra low-frequency electromagnetic variation observed prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami / L. Sobisevitch, K. Kanonidi, A. Sobisevitch // Геофизический журнал. — 2010. — Т. 32, № 4. — С. 152-157. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ.

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spelling	irk-123456789-1040362016-06-30T03:02:18Z Ultra low-frequency electromagnetic variation observed prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami Sobisevich, L. Kanonidi, K. Sobisevich, A. 2010 Article Ultra low-frequency electromagnetic variation observed prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami / L. Sobisevitch, K. Kanonidi, A. Sobisevitch // Геофизический журнал. — 2010. — Т. 32, № 4. — С. 152-157. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. 0203-3100 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/104036 ru Геофизический журнал Інститут геофізики ім. С.I. Субботіна НАН України
institution	Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection	DSpace DC
language	Russian
format	Article
author	Sobisevich, L. Kanonidi, K. Sobisevich, A.
spellingShingle	Sobisevich, L. Kanonidi, K. Sobisevich, A. Ultra low-frequency electromagnetic variation observed prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami Геофизический журнал
author_facet	Sobisevich, L. Kanonidi, K. Sobisevich, A.
author_sort	Sobisevich, L.
title	Ultra low-frequency electromagnetic variation observed prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami
title_short	Ultra low-frequency electromagnetic variation observed prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami
title_full	Ultra low-frequency electromagnetic variation observed prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami
title_fullStr	Ultra low-frequency electromagnetic variation observed prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami
title_full_unstemmed	Ultra low-frequency electromagnetic variation observed prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami
title_sort	ultra low-frequency electromagnetic variation observed prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami
publisher	Інститут геофізики ім. С.I. Субботіна НАН України
publishDate	2010
url	http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/104036
citation_txt	Ultra low-frequency electromagnetic variation observed prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami / L. Sobisevitch, K. Kanonidi, A. Sobisevitch // Геофизический журнал. — 2010. — Т. 32, № 4. — С. 152-157. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ.
series	Геофизический журнал
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first_indexed	2025-07-07T14:46:11Z
last_indexed	2025-07-07T14:46:11Z
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fulltext	�� !"# $ %& '( )�& �� Ultra low-frequency electromagnetic variation observed prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami L. Sobisevich1, K. Kanonidi2, A. Sobisevich1, 2010 1Institute of Physics of the Earth, RAS, Moscow, Russia 2Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radiowave Propagation, Troitsk, Russia alex@ifz.ru Analysis of experimental observations of varia- tions in the magnetic field of the Earth recorded by instrumental complexes of the Northern-Caucasus Geophysical Observatory is performed. It is con- firmed that it is possible to distinguish characteris- tic ultra-low-frequency (ULF) wave forms in the struc- ture of the recorded electromagnetic signals pre- ceding strong teleseismic events (earthquakes), especially ones being followed by tsunami. The Alaska earthquake of March 27, 1964, with a magnitude of 9.2 was one of the strongest events in the history of instrumental seismic observations. At the end of 1964, G. W. Moore was the first to report about characteristic magnetic signals (fore- runners), which appeared two hours before the earth- quake [Fraser-Smith, 2008]. Investigation of fore- runners of this class was continued [Gul'el'mi, 2007; Sobisevich et al., 2008a]. Anomalous electromag- netic signals before strong earthquakes were ob- served in a wide frequency range [Bakhmutov et al., 2003; Gul'el'mi, 2007; Sobisevich et al., 2008b]. The main efforts of scientists were focused on the study of anomalous broad-band electromagnetic distur- bances [Barsukov, 1991]. Quasi-harmonic compo- nents almost fell out of consideration. This explains the fact that, during the last 50 years, ultra-low-fre- quency electromagnetic forerunners are periodical- ly discussed, but so far there is no full agreement among geophysicists about the possibility of their reliable separation and practical application. There is no satisfactory theoretical explanation of this effect so far [Alekseev et al., 2008; Gul'el'mi, 2008]. Therefore, field experiment becomes the first tool in the investigation of the revealed effect. In recent years, systematic observations of mag- netic field fluctuations with ultra-low frequency have been carried out at the Northern-Caucasus Geo- physical Observatory of the Institute of Physics of the Earth (IPE RAS) equipped with modern geo- physical instruments, including tiltmeters and tri- axial magnetic variometers [Sobisevich et al., 2008a]. Analysis of the accumulated geophysical information about stimulated wave processes caused by remote earthquakes allowed us to confirm the existence of electromagnetic forerunners and dis- tinguish anomalous wave forms with ultra-low-fre- quency of disturbances before strong teleseismic events 2—4 h before their beginning [Sobisevich et al., 2009]. Almost every earthquake with magnitude great- er than 6 and followed by tsunami in 2007—2009 has been carefully analysed in terms of experimen- tal observations over magnetic variations in the North- ern-Caucasus geophysical Observatory (Table). In every case there have been determined ULS geomagnetic variations, yet the first event registered and analysed was the Great Sumatera-Andaman earthquake back in 2004 (Fig. 1). We refer to universal time here and further in this text. Analysis of magnetic variations has revealed the two time intervals with geomagnetic anomalies (possible precursors) may be clearly observed. De- tailed representations of mentioned wave-forms are shown in the two incuts (1 and 2) while filtered ano- malous ULF geomagnetic variations observed close to midnight December 24—25 are shown in Fig. 2. It has been shown that quasi-harmonic wave forms of the geomagnetic variation determined in the time interval from 2006.12.24 23:58 to 2006.12.25 00:23 is containing information on electrodynamic processes in the domain of forthcoming seismic event. It should be emphasized, that magnetic variometers are also registering well-known quasi-harmonic pul- sations (Pc4 pulsations) of ionosphere origin. By com- paring experimental records of the Pc4 geomagnetic �� !"# $ %& '( )�& �� ��) +,� �-.�,/�0 ��. �� 1��, ��0. 0� 0��,� �� !"#!$#%!!&� %!'()'$#%� + � � �� ,�� -#"� "!#!� -#(� ".#)� "%!� "� ".#!&#%!!&� "'"('%%#!� /� �� .#.� ((#!� (&#.� "(-#� -!� %#� !%#!-#%!!&� %'(&'$%#(� +�� .#%� "!#!� $&#"� "$"#&� .!� !#-� !%#!-#%!!&� ('%"'$%#-� ��,�� .#&� � "#("� "-!� .!� !#-� "#!-#%!!&� %('$!'.#� 0�� -� $!� "(#� &.#.� "%!� "� !%#!)#%!!&� !"'!'"&#� +�� 1��2� ,�� &#%� ((#!� ""#(� ".#-� .!� %� "%#!)#%!!&� ""'"!'%(#� ,�� -#$� (!#!� $#$� "!"#� &� "#-� (!#!)#%!!&� !'%('(#(� 0�3�4�� &#$� %!� $)#("� ".(#-� !� (� "$#""#%!!&� "'$!'"#&� 0 ��1�� &#&� .!#!� %%#%"� .)#)(� -!� %� !(#"%#%!!&� � 1�� "$!� "#� !)#"%#%!!&� !&'%-'%$#!� 5�6�� &#-� ")!#!� %#-� "&#� ")!� "#� %#!%#%!!-� !�(-&%� ,�� .#� ((#!� %#� ))#)� -!� (#� !)#!$#%!!-� "%'$.'"%#� � ��,�� &#(� $!#!� %!#"� ".-#)� ..� $� %-#!$#%!!-� "-'(('($#%� 7��,�� .#$� � � � %� $� "%#!#%!!)� !.'%-'!!#!� 1�� &#)� "!#!� ("#%� "!(#(� &!� (#.� ")#!&#%!!-� %'%)'%-#&� /� �� .#)� � (&#.� "$%#%� &� "� ""#!)#%!!-� !'%!'!#)� /� �� .#-� ((#!� $"#)� "$(#-� "!� (� %-#"!#%!!-� � 8+�� $(#)� .)#.� � � ".#""#%!!)� "&'!%'("#-� + �� +��3�� &#(� ((� "#(� "%%#"� $!� "� !(#!"#%!!)� ")'$('(#!� ,�� &#.� ((#!� !#$� "(%#&� .(� %#"� !(#!"#%!!)� %%'(('$!#%� ,�� &#(� ((#!� !#&� "((#(� .(� %#"� "#!"#%!!)� "&'$)'(.#-� 9�� :�� ,�� &#$� ((#!� $.#)� "#%� "%.� (#$� ""#!%#%!!)� "&'($'!#&� ,�� &#%� ((#!� (#&� "%.#� "-� %� ")#!(#%!!)� "-'"&'(-#-� ��,�� &#.� ((#!� %(#%� "&$#.� )� "#%� %-#!#%!!)� !-'%$'$(#!� 1��;;��+�� &#(� "!#!� ".#&� -.#$� "-� (� "#!&#%!!)� !)'%%'("#-� 0�3�4�� &#-� ((#!� $#&� "..#&� ""!� "#"� "!#!-#%!!)� ")''(-#� �� ,�� &#� ((#!� "$#"� )%#)%� "%.� %#)� "!#!-#%!!)� %!'&')#"� /� �� .#$� ((� ($#&$� "(-#(� "%.� %#)� ".#!-#%!!)� &'(-'%"#&� +�� .#&� !� "#$&)� ))#$)� "!� %� %)#!)#%!!)� "&'$-'""#!� +�� ,�� -� %!#!� "#$� "&%#%� "!� $� (!#!)#%!!)� "!'".'!-#.� ,�� &#� )!#!� !#-� ))#)� "!� $� !&#"!#%!!)� %('!('"$#$� 7��,�� &#.� ((� "(#!"� "..#� %!� %#� � pulsations with registered geomagnetic variations in question, one should note that for now there is no clear indication of what is the primary phenomena and what is the secondary one, in other words there is no clear indication that every magnetic variation in this frequency range is related to Solar activity only and is not related to electrodynamic processes accompany- ing the development of the domain of forthcoming seis- mic event. For more than seven years we have been ana- lyzing experimental records of ULF geomagnetic variations at the Northern-Caucasus Geophysical Observatory and based on this experience may we suppose that the initial phenomena is the geomag- netic signal generated in the domain of development of forthcoming seismic event. In Fig. 3, 4 the time interval of several hours prior to the main shock of the Sumatra-Andaman earth- quake featuring the fine structure of geomagnetic variation is shown. Analysis of geodynamic settings in the course of preparation and development of the Sumatra-An- daman earthquake in combinations with records of magnetic variations has allowed to outline the spe- cific type of quasi-harmonic ULF geomagnetic vari- ations preceding an earthquake followed by tsuna- mi. It has been suggested that the origin of men- tioned geomagnetic variations is located within the �� % �� !"# $ %& '( )�& �� Fig. 1. Magnetic variations and tilt measurements recorded prior to the earthquake in Sumatra region as of 26.12.2004. domain of a forthcoming epicenter and their ampli- tude observed at the distant locations (Laboratories 2 and 4, the Northern-Caucasus Geophysical Observa- tory, Elbrus volcanic area) varied from 0.5—1.2 nT. Analysis of recorded data for the M=7.8 Nort- hern Sumatera earthquake 06.04.2010 responsible for tsunami generation has confirmed the existence of ULF geomagnetic variations (Fig. 5, 6). Analysis of ULF geomagnetic variations has re- vealed its quasi-harmonic nature and structure. It should be emphasized, that experimental data collected by means of instrumental observations in the Northern-Caucasus Geophysical Observatory is of highest quality standards and thus is quite reli- able in terms of short-time geomagnetic disturban- ces prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami (Table) are obtained for the first time and to the best of our knowledge there are no si- milar results obtained worldwide for now. Results of experimental observations carried out in the Northern-Caucasus Geophysical Observato- ry are stored in the on-line flat file database (Public Domain) with the two following URLs: http://fo- recast.izmiran.ru/ and http://alex.uipe.ru/data/. �� !"# $ %& '( )�& �� �� +,� �-.�,/�0 ��. �� 1��, ��0. 0� 0��,� �� Fig. 2. Filtered quasi-periodic variations, featuring specific characteristics of geomagnetic disturbance originated approx. 24 hours prior to the Sumatra earthquake as of 26.12.2004. Fig. 3. Selected fragment of the record of magnetic variations in the region of Sumatra as of 26.12.2004. �� 2 �� !"# $ %& '( )�& �� Fig. 4. The structure of geomagnetic variations preceding the Sumatra earthquake as of 26.12.2004. Fig. 5. The Northern Sumatra earthquake 06.04.2010 responsible for tsunami generation. Records of East-West tilt and triaxial magnetic variations. Colour selections represent specific fragments of the experimental records with anomalous ULF geo- magnetic disturbances. �� !"# $ %& '( )�& �� ��3 +,� �-.�,/�0 ��. �� 1��, ��0. 0� 0��,� �� Fig. 6. Filtered and rescaled wave forms of the ULF geomagnetic disturbances observed one hour prior to the Northern Sumatra earthquake 06.04.2010. This study was supported by the Russian Foun- dation for Basic Research (project nos. 09—05— 00066 and 09—05—00431), and Program 4 of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian Science Support Foundation (www.science-support.ru). Alekseev A. S., Glinskii B. M., Imomnazarov Kh. Chan- ges of Natural Environment and the Climate. Natu- ral Catastrophes. Seismic Processes and Catas- trohes. — Moscow: IFZ RAN, 2008. — 1. — P. 179— 222 (in Russian). Barsukov O. M. Solar Flares, rapid onsets and earth- quakes // Phys. Solid Earth. — 1991. — ��12. — P. 93—96. Bakhmutov V. G., Sedova F. I., Mozgovaya T. A. Mor- phological Features in the Structure of Geomag- netic Variations in Relation to March 25, 1998 Earth- quake in Antarctica // Ukr. Antarkt. J. — 2003. — ��1. — P. 54—60. Gul'el'mi A. V. Ultra-low-frequency electromagnetic waves in the Earth’s crust and magnetosphere // Usp. Fiz. Nauk. — 2007. — 177. — P. 1250—1276. Sobisevich A. L., Gridnev D. G., Sobisevich L. E., Kano- nidi K. Kh. Ultra low-frequency electromagnetic References disturbances appearing before strong seismic events // Seism. Pribory. — 2008a. — ��44. — P. 12—25. Sobisevich L. E., Kanonidi K. Kh., Sobisevich A. L. Changes of Natural Environment and the Climate. Natural Catastrophes. Seismic Processes and Catastrohes. — Moscow: IFZ RAN. — 2008b. — 1. — P. 157—163 (in Russian). Sobisevich L. E., Kanonidi K. Kh., Sobisevich A. L. Ul- tra Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Disturbances Appearing before Strong Seismic Events // Dokl. Earth Sciences. — 2009. — 429A, ��9. — P. 1549— 1552. Fraser-Smith A. C. Ultralow-Frequency Magnetic Fields Preceding Large Earthquakes // EOS, Trans. AGU, 2008. — 89. — P. 211. http://www.agu.org/pubs/eos-news/

Ultra low-frequency electromagnetic variation observed prior to development of an earthquake followed by tsunami

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