Application of shock blasting mode in mine roadway construction
Purpose.Working out measures providing safe application of a shock blasting mode while driving workings in outburst-prone coal seams. Methods. Conveying of shock blasting at the mine workings on the coal mines of Ukraine is regulated by a number of specification documents. At the same time, in the...
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УкрНДМІ НАН України, Інститут геотехнічної механіки НАН України
2016
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irk-123456789-1047412016-07-15T03:02:10Z Application of shock blasting mode in mine roadway construction Mineev, S. Yanzhula, O. Hulai, O. Minieiev, O. Zabolotnikova, V. Purpose.Working out measures providing safe application of a shock blasting mode while driving workings in outburst-prone coal seams. Methods. Conveying of shock blasting at the mine workings on the coal mines of Ukraine is regulated by a number of specification documents. At the same time, in the process of shock blasting production numerous technological violations of the mode take place and there are often gas-dynamic phenomena, including those with death of people. The mode of shock blasting at mines is used for unworked coal breaking on outburst-prone seams regardless of results of prognosis and efficiency of antilanding measures done, at troublesome seams in the zones where the reading “prone” is set by latest estimate; and while driving in outburst-prone coal seams. Findings. Shock blasting is used at mines at mines in rather wide range of mining and geological conditions. It is recommended to apply the methods of intensity and frequency of gas and oil emissions attenuation at shock blasting on especially outburst-prone layers. The methods of depth increase of pre-face part of a coal bed unloading zone are used. The increase is achieved by means of heading rock loosening of adjacent strata, advanced blasting, blast hole charge operation in adjacent strata, front-rank loosening (camouflet blasting) of coal bed. Moreover, the blasting pattern with formation of piled blocking retaining wall is applied. Цель. Разработка мероприятий по безопасному применению режима сотрясательного взрывания при проведении выработок по выбросоопасным угольным пластам. Методика. Производство сотрясательного взывания при ведении горных работ на угольных шахтах Украины регламентируется целым рядом нормативных документов. Вместе с этим, при производстве сотрясательного взрывания имеет место много технологических нарушений режима и нередко происходят газодинамические явления, в том числе с человеческими жертвам. Режим сотрясательного взрывания на шахтах применяется для отбойки угольного массива на выбросоопасных пластах независимо от результатов прогноза и эффективности выполненных противовыбросных мероприятий; на угрожаемых пластах в зонах, где текущим прогнозом установлены значения “опасно”; при проведении выработок по выбросоопасным угольным пластам. Результаты. Сотрясательное взрывание применяется в шахтах при весьма широких горно-геологических условиях. На особо выбросоопасных пластах при производстве сотрясательного взрывания рекомендуется применять способы снижения интенсивности и частоты выбросов угля и газа. Используется методы увеличения глубины зоны разгрузки призабойной части угольного пласта, которая достигается в шахтных условиях за счет применения способов передового рыхления вмещающих пород, опережающего взрывания, взрывания шпуровых зарядов во вмещающих породах, передового рыхления (камуфлетного взрывания) угольного массива. Кроме того, применяется паспорт БВР с образованием насыпной преграждающей перемычки. Мета. Розробка заходів щодо безпечного застосування режиму хитного підривання при проведенні виробок по викидонебезпечних вугільних пластах. Методика. Проведення струшувального підривання при проведенні гірничих робіт на вугільних шахтах України регламентується цілим рядом нормативних документів. Разом з цим, при проведенні струшувального підривання має місце багато технологічних порушень режиму й нерідко відбуваються газодинамічні явища, у тому числі з людськими жертвами. Режим струшувального підривання на шахтах застосовується для руйнування вугільного масиву на викидонебезпечних пластах незалежно від результатів прогнозу та ефективності, виконаних противикидних заходів; на загрозливих пластах в зонах, де поточним прогнозом встановлені значення “небезпечно”; при проведенні виробок по викидонебезпечних вугільних пластах. Результати. Струшувальне підривання застосовується в шахтах при різних гірничо-геологічних умовах. На особливо викидонебезпечних пластах при проведенні струшувального підривання рекомендується застосовувати способи зниження інтенсивності та частоти викидів вугілля й газу. Використовується методи збільшення глибини зони розвантаження привибійної частини вугільного пласта, яка досягається у шахтних умовах за рахунок застосування способів передового розпушування вміщуючих порід, випереджаючого підривання, підривання шпурових зарядів у вміщуючих породах, передового розпушування (камуфлетного підривання) вугільного масиву. Крім того, застосовується паспорт БВР з утворенням насипної перегороджуючої перемички. 2016 Article Application of shock blasting mode in mine roadway construction / S. Mineev, O. Yanzhula, O. Hulai, O. Minieiev, V. Zabolotnikova // Розробка родовищ: Зб. наук. пр. — 2016. — Т. 10, вип. 2. — С. 91-96. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. 2415-3435 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mining10.02.091 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/104741 622.261.35: 622.235.672 en Розробка родовищ УкрНДМІ НАН України, Інститут геотехнічної механіки НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
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English |
| description |
Purpose.Working out measures providing safe application of a shock blasting mode while driving workings in outburst-prone coal seams.
Methods. Conveying of shock blasting at the mine workings on the coal mines of Ukraine is regulated by a number of specification documents. At the same time, in the process of shock blasting production numerous technological violations of the mode take place and there are often gas-dynamic phenomena, including those with death of people. The mode of shock blasting at mines is used for unworked coal breaking on outburst-prone seams regardless of results of prognosis and efficiency of antilanding measures done, at troublesome seams in the zones where the reading “prone” is set by latest estimate; and while driving in outburst-prone coal seams.
Findings. Shock blasting is used at mines at mines in rather wide range of mining and geological conditions. It is recommended to apply the methods of intensity and frequency of gas and oil emissions attenuation at shock blasting on especially outburst-prone layers. The methods of depth increase of pre-face part of a coal bed unloading zone are used. The increase is achieved by means of heading rock loosening of adjacent strata, advanced blasting, blast hole charge operation in adjacent strata, front-rank loosening (camouflet blasting) of coal bed. Moreover, the blasting pattern with formation of piled blocking retaining wall is applied. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Mineev, S. Yanzhula, O. Hulai, O. Minieiev, O. Zabolotnikova, V. |
| spellingShingle |
Mineev, S. Yanzhula, O. Hulai, O. Minieiev, O. Zabolotnikova, V. Application of shock blasting mode in mine roadway construction Розробка родовищ |
| author_facet |
Mineev, S. Yanzhula, O. Hulai, O. Minieiev, O. Zabolotnikova, V. |
| author_sort |
Mineev, S. |
| title |
Application of shock blasting mode in mine roadway construction |
| title_short |
Application of shock blasting mode in mine roadway construction |
| title_full |
Application of shock blasting mode in mine roadway construction |
| title_fullStr |
Application of shock blasting mode in mine roadway construction |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Application of shock blasting mode in mine roadway construction |
| title_sort |
application of shock blasting mode in mine roadway construction |
| publisher |
УкрНДМІ НАН України, Інститут геотехнічної механіки НАН України |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/104741 |
| citation_txt |
Application of shock blasting mode in mine roadway construction / S. Mineev, O. Yanzhula, O. Hulai, O. Minieiev, V. Zabolotnikova // Розробка родовищ: Зб. наук. пр. — 2016. — Т. 10, вип. 2. — С. 91-96. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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Розробка родовищ |
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2025-07-07T15:46:18Z |
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Founded in
1900
National Mining
University
Mining of Mineral Deposits
ISSN 2415-3443 (Online) | ISSN 2415-3435 (Print)
Journal homepage http://mining.in.ua
Volume 10 (2016), Issue 2, pp. 91-96
91
UDC 622.261.35: 622.235.672 http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mining10.02.091
APPLICATION OF SHOCK BLASTING MODE
IN MINE ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION
S. Mineev1*, O. Yanzhula2, O. Hulai2, O. Minieiev3, V. Zabolotnikova4
1Department of Dynamic Phenomena Management of Rock Pressure, Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics named after M.S. Polyakov
of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
2MA “Pokrovske”, Krasnoarmiisk, Ukraine
3Department of System Analysis and Control, National Mining University, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
4Department of Foreign Languages, National Mining University, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: e-mail sergmineeV@gmail.com, tel. +380503634258
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ РЕЖИМУ СТРУШУВАЛЬНОГО ПІДРИВАННЯ
ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕННІ ГІРНИЧИХ ВИРОБОК
C. Мінєєв1*, О. Янжула1, О. Гулай1, О. Мінєєв2, В.Заболотнікова4
1Відділ управління динамічними проявами гірського тиску, Інститут геотехнічної механіки ім. М.С. Полякова НАН України,
Дніпропетровськ, Україна
2Шахтоуправління “Покровське”, Красноармійськ, Україна
3Кафедра системного аналізу та управління, Національний гірничий університет, Дніпропетровськ, Україна
4Кафедра іноземних мов, Національний гірничий університет, Дніпропетровськ, Україна
*Відповідальний автор: e-mail sergmineeV@gmail.com, тел. +380503634258
ABSTRACT
Purpose. Working out measures providing safe application of a shock blasting mode while driving workings in out-
burst-prone coal seams.
Methods. Conveying of shock blasting at the mine workings on the coal mines of Ukraine is regulated by a number
of specification documents. At the same time, in the process of shock blasting production numerous technological
violations of the mode take place and there are often gas-dynamic phenomena, including those with death of people.
The mode of shock blasting at mines is used for unworked coal breaking on outburst-prone seams regardless of re-
sults of prognosis and efficiency of antilanding measures done, at troublesome seams in the zones where the reading
“prone” is set by latest estimate; and while driving in outburst-prone coal seams.
Findings. Shock blasting is used at mines at mines in rather wide range of mining and geological conditions. It is
recommended to apply the methods of intensity and frequency of gas and oil emissions attenuation at shock blasting
on especially outburst-prone layers. The methods of depth increase of pre-face part of a coal bed unloading zone are
used. The increase is achieved by means of heading rock loosening of adjacent strata, advanced blasting, blast hole
charge operation in adjacent strata, front-rank loosening (camouflet blasting) of coal bed. Moreover, the blasting
pattern with formation of piled blocking retaining wall is applied.
Originality. The main scientific and technical principles of the safe and efficient use of a shock blasting mode in
blast hole drilling driving in outburst-prone coal seams and beds are formulated.
Practical implications. Applying shock blasting mode in mine workings conveying proved to be one of the safest
methods to prevent gas-dynamic phenomena. Simultaneously, as a rule, this method is one of the most cost-
inefficient methods especially when paced work of coalmine is vital. Therefore, basic research directions are to be
continued towards reduction of expenses and increase of this method application efficiency.
Keywords: shock blasting, mode, working driving, outburst-prone seam, mine safety
1. INTRODUCTION
Using the shock blasting mode in mining proved to be
one of the safest methods to prevent gas-dynamic phe-
nomena. Simultaneously, as a rule, this method belongs to
the most cost-inefficient ones especially when paced work
of coal mine is vital. Therefore, basic research directions
are to be continued towards reduction of expenses and
increase of this method application efficiency (Pi &
Hoogstrate, 2016).
S. Mineev, O. Yanzhula, O. Hulai, O. Minieiev, V. Zabolotnikova. (2016). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 10(2), 91-96
92
1.1. The problem and its connection with
scientific and practical tasks
The conveying of shock blasting in mining at the coal
mines of Ukraine is regulated by a number of regulatory
documents: “Instruction on application of shock blasting
at the coal mines of Ukraine”, “Unified safety regulations
for shooting works”, “Mine safety regulations on layers
inclined on the gas-dynamic phenomena” and currently
operating “Safety rules in coal and slate mines”. Along
with that at shock blasting conveying, a lot of the techno-
logical mode violations take place and quite often there
are the gas-dynamic phenomena (Lanari & Fakhimi,
2015), including those with the death of people.
1.2. Analysis of researches and publications
The basic terms used in the practice of blasting are
preliminary considered in the articles (Zhang, 2016; Zhu,
Zhu, Jia & Song, 2014).
Shock blasting is a blasting conducted in the certain
mode, aimed at protecting people against the conse-
quences of coal, rock and gas outbursts at the seams
prone on sudden gas and coal outburst as well as at out-
burst-prone strata.
A dangerous area at shock blasting means all mining
workings located along the path of an outgoing vent air
current from the blast area as well as all the workings
with the intake ventilation current which in some cases of
ventilation faulting or vent current inversion can be cov-
ered by mined rock or loaded with methane as a result of
a coal, rock and gas outburst possible at shock blasting
(Ramulu & Rao, 2012).
A control station of shock blasting conveying is a
place where the performing authority of shock blasting
from the surface of mine is to stay, where all the infor-
mation about the works conducted underground comes
in, on the basis of which the decisions are made and out
orders on further works conducting are given out.
An indoor station of shock blasting conveying is a spe-
cial place of refuge from which the blasting in one or many
coalfaces is produced. In the case of an indoor station ab-
sence, the place of shot firer refuge is used for blasting.
Permanent firing line is a special shot firing cable laid
from a coalface to the place of a shot firer refuge.
The announcement about the time of shock blasting
conveying in definite coalfaces is put on a bulletin board, in
a lamp room and at shafts, in the openings with return
ventilation air which are used for persons in bye conveying.
Baring of layers, apt to the instantaneous outbursts of
coal and gas is a workpackage on approaching, baring,
intersecting and moving away from the indicated layer
apt to the gas-dynamic phenomena.
The two tier deck charges are blasthole charges of
explosives divided by stemming of certain length into
two parts (tiers) and initiated by short delay blasting caps
so that the tier closer to the hole mouth or hole collar
detonates first. A plug is a stemming made of clay, mix-
ture of clay with sand or polyethylene capsules with
water in combination with locking clay stemming, placed
between the deck charges.
Ingibitory stemming is a stemming made of materials
the aerosols of which create or strengthen a preventive
environment in a face space at dispersion. A water-spray
curtain is an aquatic curtain created in a mine face space
at explosive works by dispersion of water from properly
located fragile plastic vessels destroyed by the explosion
of a preventive explosive placed in each of them, initiat-
ed by preventive instantaneous electric blasting caps.
A water-air curtain of the protracted action is a cur-
tain with the set time of continuous action, created by
means of mechanical sprayers of water in a working in
the blasting area (in a 4 to 5 m distance from the coalface
to be blasted). Aerosol (powder-like) curtains are the
preventive environment created in a coal face space at
blasting works by means of explosive dispersion of pow-
der-like inhibitor from properly located fragile polyeth-
ylene vessels (packages).
Methods of decline of coal and gas outbursts intensity
and frequency are the special blasting pattern in the de-
velopment workings and rooms providing creation of
effective artificial (additional) seam discharge area in
front of a working face by means of explosive charge
blasting in an unworked face as well as with the use of
patterns of working driving with the charge blasting of a
rock face, or coal and gas charging isolation by explosive
erection of bulk blocking stopping from blasted rock.
1.3. Problem statement
Squall at coal mines is used to break unworked coal
of outburst-prone seams regardless of forecasting and
efficiency results and outburst prevention measures done,
at troublesome seams in the zones where the reading
“prone” is set by latest estimate; and while driving on
outburst-prone coal seams. The main requirements and
rules as well as technologies of production and safe
working conditions organization while conveying shock
blasting in mining at outburst-prone seams.
2. MATERIAL STATEMENT AND RESULTS
It should be mentioned that shock blasting at mines is
used for uncovering outburst-prone coal seams and sheds
with the thickness more than 0.1 m prognosis and effi-
ciency of outburst prevention measures done, at in the
zones where the reading “prone” is set by latest estimate;
and while driving in outburst-prone coal; uncovering
troublesome seams and sheds if dangerous values of out-
burst hazard factors have been forecast or there was no
forecast done before uncovering; uncovering sandstone at
the depth 600 m and more if its outburst hazard has been
forecast or there was no forecast done before uncovering;
driving workings in outburst-prone sandstone if danger-
ous values of outburst hazard factors have been forecast
or there was no forecast done before uncovering; driving
horizontal workings, inclined drifts and upraise drifts with
the angle of hade up to 10° inclusively; in the rooms in
flat and steep seams; in the shield faces, in mounting coal
heading of shield faces and long-wall stables of steeply
inclined and inclined seams; at camouflet blasting; at
embedded and out of seam torpedoing which has been
performed to reduce gas-dynamic activity of coal seam
(Mineev, 2016; Ishchenko et al., 2000).
For the first time shock blasting was applied in 1890 in
France, in home practice – in 1917 at the mine “Krasnyi
Profintern” (Yenakiievo) at dissection of “Deresovka”
seam at the 340 m horizon. It was accompanied by the
S. Mineev, O. Yanzhula, O. Hulai, O. Minieiev, V. Zabolotnikova. (2016). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 10(2), 91-96
93
coal and gas outburst with intensity of 200 t (Shevtsov,
2003).Working areas and blind drifts where shock blast-
ing is applied should be equipped by the АКМ utensils,
and the workers directed for the production of shock
blasting should be equipped with firedamp alarms com-
bined with head lamps.
The parameters of the mode of a shock blasting for
driving outburst-prone seams and seams being threatened
should provide complete breaking of coal on all driving
sections. Thus, if at shock blasting the configuration of
coalface required by a shock blasting mode is not
achieved it is necessary to produce reblasting on coalface
road head outlining. It is thus necessary to keep in view
that it is categorically prohibited to design the face after
shock blasting by any machines, mechanisms or hand
instrument. The driving where shock blasting is to be
conducted before explosive works should be freed on not
less than 100 m extent of a coalface from trolleys and
other equipment encumbering it on more than one-third
of its cross-section. It is especially important, that before
shock blasting vent devices located within the limits of a
dangerous area, and also the bridges set for prevention of
gas penetration onto other areas or mine horizons were
examined by the technical inspection representatives.
Shock blasting is conducted either during a special
shift or during special intershift interruptions or at the
beginning or end of a shift. The time necessary for blast-
ing is determined on the basis of time-study data and it
should be approved by the order of a mine manager. For
every coalface a dangerous area should be preliminary
determined, which includes all drivings located along
the outgoing vent stream from the place of explosion, as
well as drivings with the acting fresh stream of air that
can get gassy during possible realization of the gas-
dynamic phenomenon. During shock blasting the pres-
ence of people in a dangerous area, as well as simulta-
neous work of another shift is forbidden. In the case of
the stratal and out of the seam torpedoing production
necessity it is assumed to produce it during a special
technological shift or weekend.
In addition, for every particular coalface before shock
blasting “Instruction on application of shock blasting at
the coal face” is designed. It establishes the order and
technology of shock blasting production for particular
mining conditions and blasting pattern. Instruction on
application of shock blasting at the coal face is compo-
nent part of a chart of outburst-prone seams and seams
being threatened dissection, charts of underground driv-
ing and lining, charts of workings and working areas.
The order of shock blasting production and persons ac-
countable for its implementation are approved by the
order on a mine.
The order specifies the responsible performing au-
thority of shock blasting preparation and conduction
from the surface of mine – he is the performing authority
of shock blasting in the working face; the person respon-
sible for the watch posts setting on a dangerous area and
for the people getting out of this zone; the person ac-
countable for the conduction of shock blasting in a coal-
face; shotfirers assigned to particular coalfaces; the per-
son, accountable for control of the coalface ventilation
state, vent devices, stone dust barriers and and water
barriers; the person, responsible for disconnecting of
electric power in a workings in a dangerous area; the
person accountable for the work mode of lifting equip-
ment in the time of shock blasting production. The order
lists as well the names of responsible persons and mas-
ters-shotfirers who will execute the work prescribed
during of all the time of a shock blasting. Particular per-
sons from this list, taking part in shock blasting works
actively in particular faces and shifts are recorded in a
special “Log book of shock blasting at a mine” and spe-
cial task sheet. In addition, it is necessary to keep in view
that an engineer-in – chief or his deputies should be the
performing authority of shock blasting conduction from
the surface of mine at the following cases – baring and
crossing by openings outburst-prone seams and seams
being threatened, and also crossing by other workings
outburst prone areas (active geological violations, zones
of rock pressure, complicated by geological violations,
mining works sites). It is assumed to lay the supervision
at the shock blasting production from the surface of mine
on a shiftman or an overman in other cases at approach-
ing and moving away of the working, in drifts, cross-
holes, lavas, field making, barrels of and other. In addi-
tion, the responsible authority for shock blasting in a
coalface should be a technical worker of a division where
blasting is to be conducted, not lower than the deputy or
assistant of an overman.
To the beginning of the time distinguished for the
shock blasting production all people must be taken out
from a dangerous area. Admitting o people to this zone
after shock blasting production is allowed after measur-
ing of methane level, verification of coalfaces and
equipment, removal of watchposts and reporting of the
performing authority of shock blasting conduction in
coalfaces to the authority of shock blasting conduction
from the surface of mine. The last one, on the basis of the
report and telemetric data of AHK system, issues permis-
sion on people admitting to the working. In the case of
realization of the gas-dynamic phenomena admitting
people to the dangerous area is possible only according
to written permission of a responsible person after emer-
gency elimination.
Before the beginning of charging-up in all the work-
ings of a mine, located within the limits of dangerous
area, the electric power must be switched off. Electric
power switching on is assumed only after the control of
methane level in the working atmosphere and checking
the integrity of electrical equipment and cables after an
exposing and provoked gas and dynamic phenomenon.
However, disconnecting of ventilators of local ventila-
tion, telephone connection and means of methane level
automatic control, as well as sensors used for control of
coal beds outburst hazard is prohibited during shock
blasting production. In the coalfaces of workings where
in connection with a flood potency it is impossible to
disconnect electric power before the charging-up deener-
gizing is fulfilled before the beginning of explosive net-
work mounting. In the deepened barrels, disconnecting of
electric power from the lifting equipment is produced
after departure of people from the shaft.
All reports of explosive works performers in the un-
derground working about preparation of coal face to the
explosing, watch posts setting, moving away ofworkers
to a safe place, permission on an explosing and examina-
S. Mineev, O. Yanzhula, O. Hulai, O. Minieiev, V. Zabolotnikova. (2016). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 10(2), 91-96
94
tion of coalface after an explosing, permission on admit-
tance of workers and other official conversations must be
recorded by an authority of shock blasting conduction
from the surface of mine on the electronic carrier and
saved not less than 3 days. Examining coalface after
explosing is conducted only with the permission given by
the authority of shock blasting from the surface of mine
after getting him data from the АКМ system on methane
level in the working where the explosing was conducted
but not earlier than in 30 minutes after an explosing and
at methane level less than 2%. A person responsible for
shock blasting in a coalface and a shot firer must conduct
inspection of a coalface.
A person responsible for shock blasting measuring
methane level at moving toward a coalface for its exami-
nation after a shake explosion, must be in the distance
not less than a 3 m ahead of ashotfirer. At finding out the
methane concentration 2% and more they are obliged to
immediately go back into the working with the fresh
stream of air and to report about it to the authority of
shock blasting conduction from the surface of mine .To
prevent self-ignition of methane-air and methane-dust-air
mixtures at a shock blasting, apart from the observance
of the gas and dust regulations, it is recommended to
apply: the water-spray, air or aerosol (powder-like) cur-
tains created by dispersion of water or flame-retardant
powder; measures on charges burning down prevention;
water stemming or pasteous ingibitory stemming.
Initiation of charges in shock blasting should be pro-
duced by preventive EBS of instantaneous and short-
delay action in course of time of deceleration of the last
stage at not less than 220 msec. At dissection of layers
before their baring EBS of short-delay action whis the
timing of the last stage not longer than 320 msec can be
used. Explosing of charges must be produced in a full
face by explosive devices permitted by the mine savety
authorities for this aim which can blast up the complete
set of charges in full face (Mineev, 2016).
A place of a shotfirer shelter must be in the distance
not less than 600 m from a coalface, but not nearer than
200 m from the place of confluence of return ventilation
air with a fresh intake air, and people who are not involved
into blasting production should be t be on a fresh stream at
the distance not less than a 1000 m against intake air mo-
tion direction. In coalfaces, where the early coal getting
has been done and explosive works are produced only in
rock. A place of a shotfirer shelter must be in the distance
not less than 200 m from the confluence of a working
driven and a working ventilated due to mine ventilation
pressure drop against intake air motion direction
At driving preparatory workings in coalfaces shock
blasting can be used both in coal or simultaneously in
coal and rock and in adjacent strata during driving of the
horizontal, loping and rising workings with the angle of
slope up to 10° inclusively. It is necessary to keep in
view that in the coalfaces of working where the early
getting of coal is produced, advancing of a coalface con-
cerning blast hole ends of a stope in rock should be not
less than a 0.5 m. When this value is less explosive
works in adjacent strata should be conducted in the mode
of shock blasting.
In the places of geological violations blasting in coal
and rock should be produced simultaneously. Loading
and explosing of charges of every cycle, including the
cases of a separate explosion in coal and rock is permit-
ted to produce after ventilation of coalface, measuring of
methane level, blasted rock mucking, performing safety
measures in a coalface and adherent workings in not less
than 20 m distance. However, in all cases a depth of
stope on coal must be not more than 2 m. At a separate
explosing in the mixed coalfaces the explosing of charg-
es on coal and rock must be produced at different times.
3. CONCLUSIONS
Shock blasting in the faces of developing openings in
steep seams and rush-prone seams should be produced
either with the use of an advance support preliminary
setting or rock wall breaking or additional support of un-
worked coal. It is recommended to apply the methods of
intensity and frequency of gas and oil emissions attenua-
tion at shock blasting on especially outburst-prone layers.
The methods of depth increase of pre-face part of a
coal bed unloading zone are used to reduce intensity and
frequency of gas and oil emissions attenuation at shock
blasting on especially outburst-prone layers. The depth
increase of pre-face part of a coal bed unloading zone is
fulfilled by means of heading rock loosening of adjacent
strata, advanced blasting, blast hole charge operation in
adjacent strata, front-rank loosening (camouflet blasting)
of a coal bed. Moreover the blasting pattern with for-
mation of piled blocking retaining wall is applied. The
increase of the unloading zone of a coal bed pre-face part
is achieved by means of advance shotholing of a coal bed
or adjacent strata and advance waterblasting. The most
important of these methods are described below.
Heading rock loosening of adjacent strata is supposed
to be used while driving developing openings by means of
a mixed face on especially outburst – prone seams, in
geological violations zones, increased gas pressure zones,
support pressure zones by means of simultaneous blasting
of blastholes for heading rock loosening of adjacent strata
and breaking coal and rock in a driving with the blastholes
for heading rock loosening being blasted in advance.
The method of advanced blasting can be used in
mixed faces only at simultaneous breaking of coal and
rock by blasting explosives in extended blastholes with
an ordinary water stemming or advance water stemming
put in the bottom end. Capsules with the size equal to an
extended part of borehole are used for advance water
stemming.the capsule diameter should be 1 – 2 mm larg-
er than the borehole diamer. Filling the capsule with
water is done after putting it into a borehole bottom end
by special extender. Standard polyethylene capsules can
be used for advance water stemming in inclined holes.
After filling capsules with water and putting them into a
bottom end holes are covered with water.
The method of bore hole charge blasting in adjacent
strata is used at driving openings in the seams with the
thickness not less than 1 m. While driving steep seams
and rush-prone seams the depth of pull should be not
more than 1.1 – 1.3 m and the charge weight of boreholes
at the contact with the coal seam should be not more than
0.6 kg at driving rush-resistant seams the depth of pull
should be taken according to technological conditions.
Piled blocking retaining wall consists of a mined rock
which is broken with delay after coal breaking. It pre-
vents an outburst provoked by blasting.
S. Mineev, O. Yanzhula, O. Hulai, O. Minieiev, V. Zabolotnikova. (2016). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 10(2), 91-96
95
The method of front-rank loosening (camouflet blast-
ing) of coal bed is recommended to reduce frequency and
intensity of outbursts in shield faces of steep seams espe-
cially at conjunction with a ventilation shaft.
As can be stated in accordance with the research done
using the shock blasting mode in mining proved to be one
of the safest methods to prevent gas-dynamic phenomena.
Simultaneously, as a rule, this method is one of the most
cost-inefficient methods especially when the paced work
of coal mine is vital. Therefore, basic research directions
are to be continued towards reduction of expenses and
increase of this method application efficiency.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors express their gratitude to the staff of the,
Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics named after
M.S. Polyakov of the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine, for their support and assistance during research
conducted at the Institute.
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lic pits. Metallurgical and mining industry, (1), 191-197.
Lanari, M., & Fakhimi, A. (2015). Numerical study of contribu-
tions of shock wave and gas penetration toward induced
rock damage during blasting. Computational Particle Me-
chanics, 2(2), 197-208.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40571-015-0053-8
Mineev, S. (2016). Spopoby prognoza i bor’by s gazodina-
micheskimi yavleniyami na shakhtakh Ukrainy. Dnipropet-
rovsk: Skhidnyi vydavnychyi dim.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.323
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Shevtsov, N. (2003). Razrushenie gornykh porod vzryvom.
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Zhang, Z. (2016). Rock Blasting in Underground Mining. Rock
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16606-188
ABSTRACT (IN UKRAINIAN)
Мета. Розробка заходів щодо безпечного застосування режиму хитного підривання при проведенні виробок
по викидонебезпечних вугільних пластах.
Методика. Проведення струшувального підривання при проведенні гірничих робіт на вугільних шахтах
України регламентується цілим рядом нормативних документів. Разом з цим, при проведенні струшувального
підривання має місце багато технологічних порушень режиму й нерідко відбуваються газодинамічні явища, у
тому числі з людськими жертвами. Режим струшувального підривання на шахтах застосовується для руйнуван-
ня вугільного масиву на викидонебезпечних пластах незалежно від результатів прогнозу та ефективності, вико-
наних противикидних заходів; на загрозливих пластах в зонах, де поточним прогнозом встановлені значення
“небезпечно”; при проведенні виробок по викидонебезпечних вугільних пластах.
Результати. Струшувальне підривання застосовується в шахтах при різних гірничо-геологічних умовах. На
особливо викидонебезпечних пластах при проведенні струшувального підривання рекомендується застосовува-
ти способи зниження інтенсивності та частоти викидів вугілля й газу. Використовується методи збільшення
глибини зони розвантаження привибійної частини вугільного пласта, яка досягається у шахтних умовах за ра-
хунок застосування способів передового розпушування вміщуючих порід, випереджаючого підривання, підри-
вання шпурових зарядів у вміщуючих породах, передового розпушування (камуфлетного підривання) вугільно-
го масиву. Крім того, застосовується паспорт БВР з утворенням насипної перегороджуючої перемички.
Наукова новизна. Сформульовано основні науково-технічні принципи безпечного та ефективного викорис-
тання режиму струшувального підривання при виконанні буропідривних робіт на викидонебезпечних вугільних
пластах і породах.
Практична значимість. Як встановлено, використання режиму струшувального підривання при веденні
гірничих робіт є одним з найбезпечніших способів боротьби із газодинамічними явищами, але одночасно він є,
як правило, одним з найбільш економічно витратних, особливо при необхідності ритмічної роботи вугільної
шахти, тому основні напрямки досліджень повинні бути продовжені у напрямку зменшення витрат і підвищен-
ня ефективності застосування даного способу.
Ключові слова: струшувальне підривання, режим, проведення виробок, викидонебезпечний пласт, безпека
робіт
ABSTRACT (IN RUSSIAN)
Цель. Разработка мероприятий по безопасному применению режима сотрясательного взрывания при прове-
дении выработок по выбросоопасным угольным пластам.
Методика. Производство сотрясательного взывания при ведении горных работ на угольных шахтах Украи-
ны регламентируется целым рядом нормативных документов. Вместе с этим, при производстве сотрясательного
взрывания имеет место много технологических нарушений режима и нередко происходят газодинамические
явления, в том числе с человеческими жертвам. Режим сотрясательного взрывания на шахтах применяется для
отбойки угольного массива на выбросоопасных пластах независимо от результатов прогноза и эффективности,
S. Mineev, O. Yanzhula, O. Hulai, O. Minieiev, V. Zabolotnikova. (2016). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 10(2), 91-96
96
выполненных противовыбросных мероприятий; на угрожаемых пластах в зонах, где текущим прогнозом уста-
новлены значения “опасно”; при проведении выработок по выбросоопасным угольным пластам.
Результаты. Сотрясательное взрывание применяется в шахтах при весьма широких горно-геологических
условиях. На особо выбросоопасных пластах при производстве сотрясательного взрывания рекомендуется при-
менять способы снижения интенсивности и частоты выбросов угля и газа. Используется методы увеличения
глубины зоны разгрузки призабойной части угольного пласта, которая достигается в шахтных условиях за счет
применения способов передового рыхления вмещающих пород, опережающего взрывания, взрывания шпуро-
вых зарядов во вмещающих породах, передового рыхления (камуфлетного взрывания) угольного массива. Кро-
ме того, применяется паспорт БВР с образованием насыпной преграждающей перемычки.
Научная новизна. Сформулированы основные научно-технические принципы безопасного и эффективного
использования режима сотрясательного взрывания при выполнении буровзрывных работ на выбросоопасных
угольных пластах и породах.
Практическая значимость. Как установлено, использование режима сотрясательного взрывания при веде-
нии горных работ является одним из самых безопасных способов борьбы с газодинамическими явлениями, но
одновременно он является, как правило, одним из самых экономически затратных, особенно при необходимо-
сти ритмичной работы угольной шахты, поэтому основные направления исследований должны быть продолже-
ны в направлении уменьшения затрат и повышения эффективности применения данного способа.
Ключевые слова: сотрясательное взрывание, режим, проведение выработок, выбросоопасный пласт,
безопасность работ
ARTICLE INFO
Received: 29 March 2016
Accepted: 22 June 2016
Available online: 30 June 2016
ABOUT AUTHORS
Serhii Mineev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of the Department of Dynamic Phenomena Management of Rock
Pressure, Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics named after M.S. Polyakov of the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine, 2a Simferopolska St, 49005, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine. E-mail: sergmineeV@gmail.com
Oleksii Yanzhula, Engineer in Chief, MA “Pokrovske”, 1a Shybankova Sq, 85300, Krasnoarmiisk, Ukraine. E-mail:
angula@pokrovskoe.com.ua
Oleksii Hulai, Deputy Engineer in Chief, MA “Pokrovske”, 1a Shybankova Sq, 85300, Krasnoarmiisk, Ukraine. E-mail:
gullay@pokrovskoe.com.ua
Oleksandr Minieiev, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of System Analysis and
Control, National Mining University, 19 Yavornytskoho Ave., 49005, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine. E-mail: skulik@i.ua
Valentyna Zabolotnikova, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Foreign Languages, National Mining University,
19 Yavornytskoho Ave., 7/601, 49005, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine. E-mail: zabolotnikov@i.ua
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