The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species
The data on biology of three species of the genus Sintula Simon, 1884 with their distribution in Ukraine are presented. Sintula solitarius Gnelitsa, sp. n. from the Crimean Peninsula is described. The genitalia of all four species are depicted.
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irk-123456789-1090402016-11-20T03:02:20Z The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species Gnelitsa, V.A. Фауна и систематика The data on biology of three species of the genus Sintula Simon, 1884 with their distribution in Ukraine are presented. Sintula solitarius Gnelitsa, sp. n. from the Crimean Peninsula is described. The genitalia of all four species are depicted. Приведены данные о биологии трех видов рода Sintula Simon, 1884 и их распространении в Украине. Описан Sintula solitarius Gnelitsa, sp. n. с Крымского полуострова. Приведены иллюстрации гениталий всех четырех видов. 2012 Article The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species / V.A. Gnelitsa // Вестник зоологии. — 2012. — Т. 46, № 1. — С. 29-36. — Бібліогр.: 34 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 DOI 10.2478/v10058-012-0003-3 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/109040 595.44(477) en Вестник зоологии Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
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Фауна и систематика Фауна и систематика Gnelitsa, V.A. The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species Вестник зоологии |
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The data on biology of three species of the genus Sintula Simon, 1884 with their distribution in Ukraine are presented. Sintula solitarius Gnelitsa, sp. n. from the Crimean Peninsula is described. The genitalia of all four species are depicted. |
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Gnelitsa, V.A. |
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Gnelitsa, V.A. |
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Gnelitsa, V.A. |
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The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species |
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The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species |
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The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species |
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The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species |
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The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species |
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genus sintula (aranei, linyphiidae) in ukraine, with the description of a new species |
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Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
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2012 |
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Фауна и систематика |
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The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species / V.A. Gnelitsa // Вестник зоологии. — 2012. — Т. 46, № 1. — С. 29-36. — Бібліогр.: 34 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вестник зоологии |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT gnelitsava thegenussintulaaraneilinyphiidaeinukrainewiththedescriptionofanewspecies AT gnelitsava genussintulaaraneilinyphiidaeinukrainewiththedescriptionofanewspecies |
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2025-07-07T22:27:48Z |
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2025-07-07T22:27:48Z |
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1837028888012652544 |
| fulltext |
UDC 595.44(477)
THE GENUS SINTULA (ARANEI, LINYPHIIDAE) IN UKRAINE,
WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
V. A. Gnelitsa
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology”
Ac. Glushkov Prosp., 2, Kyiv, 01033 Ukraine
E-mail: Gnelitsa@mail.ru
Received 17 January 2011
Accepted 11 November 2011
The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine, with the Description of a New Species. Gnelitsa V. A. –
The data on biology of three species of the genus Sintula Simon, 1884 with their distribution in Ukraine
are presented. Sintula solitarius Gnelitsa, sp. n. from the Crimean Peninsula is described. The genitalia
of all four species are depicted.
Ke y wo r d s: Aranei, Linyphiidae, new species, description, Sintula, illustrations, biology, distribution,
Ukraine.
Ðîä Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) â Óêðàèíå, ñ îïèñàíèåì íîâîãî âèäà. Ãíåëèöà Â. À. – Ïðèâåäåíû
äàííûå î áèîëîãèè òðåõ âèäîâ ðîäà Sintula Simon, 1884 è èõ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè â Óêðàèíå. Îïèñàí
Sintula solitarius Gnelitsa, sp. n. ñ Êðûìñêîãî ïîëóîñòðîâà. Ïðèâåäåíû èëëþñòðàöèè ãåíèòàëèé âñåõ
÷åòûðåõ âèäîâ.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: Aranei, Linyphiidae, íîâûé âèä, îïèñàíèå, Sintula, èëëþñòðàöèè, áèîëîãèÿ,
ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, Óêðàèíà.
Introduction
The genus Sintula Simon, 1884 so far contained 16 species (Platnick, 2010). Sintula criodes (Thorell, 1875)
was described from the Crimea and its description completely corresponds to S. retroversus (O. P.-Cambridge,
1875), which is abundant there. Of the two names appeared in 1875 I consider S. retroversus (O. P.-Cambridge,
1875) to be the senior synonym because of its much more frequently use among the arachnologists.
Most of the Sintula species are of Mediterranean or Ancient Mediterranean distribution. Moreover three
of them (Sintula corniger (Blackwall, 1856), S. affinioides Kolosvary, 1934, and S. spiniger (Balogh, 1935) sur-
pass the limits of the Mediterranean region.
Sintula is recognised by the cymbium of the male palp, which has a strong curved process going back-
wards and often supplied with a group of very thick bristles assembled together at its ending part. The small
radix bears a short triangular or claw-shape embolus. The duct in the embolic division forms a “Fickert’s gland”,
which is not rounded but elongated. The epigyne with a large plate overstep the epigastric furrow. Tibial spina-
tion: 2—2—1—1; metatarsus I—II with a dorsal spine; metatarsus IV without trichobothrium. Millidge (1977)
includes Sintula into the Lepthyphantes group of genera based on the course and shape of the spermduct in the
male palp.
Four Sintula species are currently known from Ukraine. These are S. corniger (Blackwall, 1856), S. retro-
versus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1875), S. spiniger (Balogh, 1935) and a new Sintula species described below.
As these species are either very rare in Ukraine (S. corniger and S. spiniger) or common just on the Crimean
peninsula (S. retroversus), the data on their distribution and biology are added.
Material and methods
Specimens were collected using a hand-held suction sampler or Barber traps, drawings were made using
a camera lucida. The holotype male is deposited in the collection of the Zoological Department of the Biological
faculty of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University (KNTSU). All other specimens are deposited in the author’s
private collection (VGC). Abbreviations of the names of male palp parts are as follows: C – cymbium; CE –
cymbium extention; DSA – distal suprategular apophysis; E – embolus; M – membrane; Pc – paracymbi-
um; Pti – palpal tibia; R – radix; RP – radical process; Spt – suprategulum; ST – subtegulum. All mea-
surements are in mm.
Vestnik zoologii, 46(1): e-16—e-23, 2012
DOI 10.2478/v10058-012-0003-3
Unauthenticated
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Results and discussion
Sintula corniger (Blackwall, 1856) (fig. 1, a—f)
D i s t r i b u t i on. Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Great Britain; Croatia; Czech Republic;
Denmark (mainland, incl. Borholm Is.); Estonia; Finland; French mainland; Germany;
Ireland; Italian mainland; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Norwegian mainland; Poland;
Romania; North and Northwest of Russia; Slovakia; Sweden; Switzerland (Helsdingen,
2009); Azerbaijan (Tanasevitch, 1987), Southwestern Russia (Krasnodar Territory:
Kavkaz Reserve; North Ossetia) (Tanasevitch, 1990).
B i o l o g y. According to the literature, this species is widespread, but generally
uncommon or even rare in the United Kingdom (Roberts, 1987) as well as in France
(Denis, 1967; Le Peru. 2007), Germany (Arachnologische Gesellschaft e. V.) and pos-
sibly in Poland. Then towards to the North East: Finland (Palmgren, 1972); North-west-
ern Russia: South Karelia (Uzenbayev, 1984, 1986, 1987), and to the South East: Czech
e-17 V. A. Gnelitsa
Fig. 1. Sintula corniger: male palp: a – laterally, b – ventrally, c – mesially; epigyne: d – ventrally, e – dor-
sally; f – vulva. Scale bar 0.1 mm.
Ðèñ. 1. Sintula corniger: ïàëüïà ñàìöà: a – ñáîêó, b – ñíèçó, c – îò ñðåäèíû; ýïèãèíà: d – ñíèçó, e –
ñâåðõó; f – âóëüâà. Ìàñøòàáíàÿ ëèíåéêà 0,1 ìì.
Unauthenticated
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Republic (Buchar, Růžička, 2002), Ukraine, Southwestern Russia (Tanasevitch, 1990),
Azerbaijan (Tanasevitch, 1987, 1990) it becomes very scarce.
In Western and Central Europe this spider species occurs on the plains and in the
mountains. On the south-eastern border of its natural range (Carpathians, Caucasus) it
occurs only in mountainous places.
Sintula corniger preferably inhabits peat bogs, but it may be caught in birch and pine
woods, on the banks of ponds and rivers, in meadows, lawns and even in dry sandy places
(Le Peru, 2007). In southern Finland the most typical habitats are the Myrica-Molinia bogs,
but also Ledum bogs and open bogs (Palmgren, 1972). These spiders live in moss, grass,
in dead leaves and in litter (Denis, 1967; Roberts, 1987; Harvey et al., 2002). In Czech
Republic S. corniger is known to live among grass and moss in mountain corries, on clear-
ings in spruce forests (Buchar, Růžička, 2002). In Poland it was found in moss and in lit-
ter of mixed forests (Proszyński, Starega, 1971), in the North Caucasus in Abies, Fagus with
Rhododendron forest and in birch forests; in Azerbaijan in Quercus, Carpinus and in Qurcus,
Acer with Taxus forests (Tanasevitch, 1987, 1990).
In Britain and France, the adult spiders occur over the year and are mainly present
in autumn and spring (Denis, 1967; Harvey et al., 2002), in Finland only in autumn and
spring (Palmgren, 1972), and in Germany in winter (Heimer, Nentwig, 1991). In the
Caucasus mature spiders were caught in April – July.
Data from Ukraine. 1 }, Chernovtsy Region: Vyzhnitsa District, Beregomet town, right bank of the
Sukhoy river; Abies, Fagus forest with Picea and Betula, in moss and litter, 11.07.2003, (Gnelitsa, 2004) (VGC);
1 }, Dolyshny Shepot vill., N slope of Chiuchelka Mt., Picea, Abies forest with Betula, Salix and Fagus, in lit-
ter, 05.07.2001 (Gnelitsa) (VGC); Zakarpatska Region: Karpatsky Reserve, Hoverla Mt., Pinus forest, couple of
specimens (Prokopenko, Chumak, 2006 (2007)); Ivano-Frankivsk Region: Karpatsky Nature park, Tsibulnyk spring
valley, Pinus mugho forest, 14 specimens (Chumak, Prokopenko, Timochko, 2007). The distribution of S.
corniger is indicated by stars on the distribution map (fig. 5).
Sintula retroversus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1875) (fig. 2, a—f)
D i s t r i b u t i o n. Bulgaria; Croatia; France (mainland, Corsica); Greece (mainland,
Dodecanese Is.); Hungary; Italy (mainland, Sardinia); Macedonia; Slovakia; Slovenia;
Southern Russia (North Ossetia); Ukraine; United Kingdom (Channel Is.); (Helsdingen,
2009; Nentwig et al, 2010); Azerbaijan, Armenia (Tanasevitch, 1987; 1990).
Data from Ukraine. In Ukraine 93% of the samples are from the Crimea. In addition, S. retroversus
was found in Kherson Region and a single sample in Mykolaiv Region.
Kherson Region: 1 {, 1 }, Chaplynka District, Askania Nova Reserve, park, (Polchaninova, 1994); 3 },
Gola Pristan District, Chernomorsky Reserve, Ivano-Rybalchansky part, Quercus, Betula, Populus forest patch,
in grass and litter, 17.04.2007 (Gnelitsa) (VGC); 1 }, strip of grass near small fresh water lake, 17.04.2007
(Gnelitsa) (VGC); 2 }, meadow with salty places, in grass, 19.04.2007 (Gnelitsa) (VGC); Rybalche vill., reed
bog bank; meadow; sandy steppe; saline marshes (Polchaninova, 1997); 1 }, Chernomorsky Reserve,
Solenoozerny part, forest patch (Quercus, Betula, Populus, Malus with scarce Phragmites and grass), 20.04.2008
(Gnelitsa) (VGC); 2 }, saline lands on the bank of the salt lake (grass with Salicornia, Artemisia, Chenopodium),
in detritus and on the ground, 21.04.2008 (Gnelitsa) (VGC); 2 }, middle age Pinus forest, in thick layer of
needle litter, 23.04.2008 (Gnelitsa) (VGC); 1 }, strip of the grass vegetation near the lake, in detritus,
26.04.2008 (Gnelitsa) (VGC). 1 }, Mykolaiv Region: Mykolaiv District, Limany vill., left bank of the Southern
Bug estuary, 22.09.1985 (Gnelitsa) (VGC).
B i o l o g y. S. retroversus is xerophilous, occurs on sand dunes, banks of canals, at
the edge of the fields, kitchen-gardens, in the lawns, vineyards, pine woods, deciduous
forests (Quercus petraea or Populus alba). It lives in dry plant debris, in the grass, on the
ground but mostly in the litter of the pine woods (Denis, 1967; Le Peru, 2007).
The quantity of specimens per sample shows an estimate of the different habitat con-
ditions for S. retroversus in Ukraine. Here, this spider prefers open places such as: salty mead-
ows (13.5 specimens per sample), saline lands (10.37), meadows (8.22) and sparse woods
(8.37). The samples with the most numerous S. retroversus confirm this: 20 {, 25 }, Crimea,
Pheodosia District, Caradag Reserve, 30° NW slope, the edge of deciduous forest (Fraxinus,
scarce Quercus, Jasminum, Cotoneaster with Dactylis and Limonium) in moss, grass and on
the ground 15.10.2003 (Gnelitsa) (VGC); 16 {, 16 }, Svyataya Mt., 40° WNW slope, mead-
e-18The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine...
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ow at the edge of deciduous forest, in grass and in dry leaves and debris, 12.10.2003 (Gnelitsa)
(VGC); 13 {, 15 }, Syuryu-Kaya rocks, 15° S slope, light deciduous forest (Q. pubescens,
Fraxinus with Cornus and grass), in grass, 11.10.2003 (Gnelitsa) (VGC). The adult spiders
occure from October to the end of May. The distribution of S. retroversus is indicated by
round dots on the distribution map (fig. 5).
Sintula spiniger (Balogh, 1935) (fig. 3, a—f)
D i s t r i bu t i on. Austria; Bulgaria; Hungary; Romania; Slovakia (Helsdingen, 2009);
Southern Russia (Rostov region) (A. Ponomarev, personal communication); Slovenia
(Gregorič, Kuntner, 2009); Ukraine (Polchaninova, Prokopenko, 2005; Prokopenko, 2001;
2002).
B i o l o g y. The biology of this species remains obscure. In Bulgaria, this species is
very rare and occurs at plains in the sub-Mediterranean (Quercetum) and submontane
(Quercetum, Carpinetum) belts up to 1000 m (Deltshev, 2003). In Slovakia (Domica
drainage area – Slovak Karst Mts.) the spiders are not rare in dry calcareous grassland
with shrubs in the karren area near Domica cave as well as in dry calcareous pasture at
e-19 V. A. Gnelitsa
Fig. 2. Sintula retroversus: male palp: a – laterally, b – ventrally, c – mesially; epigyne: d – ventrally, e –
dorsally; f – vulva. Scale bar 0,1 mm.
Ðèñ. 2. Sintula retroversus: ïàëüïà ñàìöà: a – ñáîêó, b – ñíèçó, c – îò ñðåäèíû; ýïèãèíà: d – ñíèçó,
e – ñâåðõó; f – âóëüâà. Ìàñøòàáíàÿ ëèíåéêà 0,1 ìì.
Unauthenticated
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the bottom of a lime sink and in mown old extensively used orchard. Solitary records came
from a willow (Salix cinerea) stand at the top of a hill surrounded by arable land
(Gajdoš, 2005). Also a single male was sifted at the edge of the Quercus forest in South
Slovakia (Miller, 1968). In Hungary species is scarce and known from the sand steppes
(Festucetum vaginatae) (Szinetar et al., 2009; Galle et al., 2010). In Slovenia, a few spec-
imens were found in forest (484 m altitude) and in overgrowth (359 m) (Gregorič, Kuntner,
2009).
Da t a f r om Uk r a i n e. In Ukraine S. spiniger was found in two quite remote areas: Kyiv Region and
Lugansk Region. 1 {, 1 }, Kyiv Region: Kyiv, Pushcha Voditsa, mixed forest, 18.10.2008 (N. Zinchenko); (same
place and conditions) 2 {, 1 }, 19.10.2009 (E. Singaevsky); 1 {, 2 }, 19.10—02.11.2009 (E. Singaevsky) (VGC);
1 {, 02—10.11.2009 (E. Singaevsky); 2 }, 22.11—07.12.2009 (E. Singaevsky); {, Obukhov District, Kopachiv
vill. env., Pine forest, 29.09—10.10.2009 (E. Singaevsky); (same place and conditions) 7 {, 10—25.10.2009 (E.
e-20The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine...
Fig. 3. Sintula spiniger: male palp: a – laterally, b – ventrally, c – mesially; epigyne: d – ventrally, e – dor-
sally; f – vulva. Scale bar 0.1 mm.
Ðèñ. 3. Sintula spiniger: ïàëüïà ñàìöà: a – ñáîêó, b – ñíèçó, c – îò ñðåäèíû; ýïèãèíà: d – ñíèçó, e –
ñâåðõó; f – âóëüâà. Ìàñøòàáíàÿ ëèíåéêà 0,1 ìì.
Unauthenticated
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e-21 V. A. Gnelitsa
Singaevsky); 19 {, 2 }, 25.10—08.11.2009 (E. Singaevsky); 7 {, 1 }, 08—21.11.2009 (E. Singaevsky); 11 {, 1
}, 21.11—06.12.2009 (E. Singaevsky); 1 {, Lugansk Region: Stanichno-Lugansky District, Stanichno-Lugansky
Reserve, flood – land forest, 09.10.04 (V. Martynov); 1 {, river bank, flood – land forest edge, 15.09.01; 1 {,
1 }, 16.09.01 (H. Prokopenko) (Prokopenko, personal communication). S. spiniger is pointed with squares on
the distribution map (fig. 5).
Sintula solitarius Gnelitsa, sp. n. (fig. 4, a—f)
Ma t e r i a l. Holotype, {, Crimea, Saky District, Priberezhnaya railway station, halopratophytum,
05—19.11.2000 (N. Kovblyuk) (KNTSU). The collecting site of Sintula solitarius sp. n. is indicated by an arrow
on the distribution map (fig. 5).
D i a gno s i s. The species is close to Sintula retroversus and differs well by the short
process of the palpal cymbium (CE).
The species is described based on the single available specimen.
Fig. 4. Sintula solitarius: male palp: a – laterally, b – ventrally, c – mesially, d – apically; carapace: e –
dorsally, f – laterally. Scale bar 0.1 mm.
Ðèñ. 4. Sintula solitarius: ïàëüïà ñàìöà: a – ñáîêó, b – ñíèçó, c – îò ñðåäèíû; d – ñïåðåäè; êàðàïàêñ:
e – ñâåðõó, f – ñáîêó. Ìàñøòàáíàÿ ëèíåéêà 0,1 ìì.
Unauthenticated
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Desc r i p t i on. Male. Total length 1.78. Carapace 0.88 long, 0.77 wide, yellow-grey.
Sternum 0.45 long, 0.42 wide, dark-grey. Posterior median eyes separated by their diam-
eter. Promargins of chelicerae with 3 teeth. Legs pale-yellow, tibial spination 2 : 2 : 1 : 1;
Mt I—II with a dorsal spine. Position of metatarsal trichobothrium: I – 0.29; II – 0.28;
III – 0.30. Length of leg segments:
Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus
I 0.86 0.26 0.81 0.68 0.52
II 0.77 0.26 0.68 0.61 0.46
III 0.68 0.22 0.51 0.50 0.39
IV 0.77 0.24 0.84 0.71 0.45
Palp: fig. 1 (a-c). Abdomen uniformly dark grey. Female unknown.
I am very grateful to Dr. M. Kovblyuk (Simferopol) for the Crimean specimens of S. retroversus and the
single male described as the new species for Sintula genus, to Mr. E. Singaevsky (Kyiv) for the specimens and
information on S. spiniger from the Kyiv area, to Dr. H. Prokopenko (Donetsk) for the necessary information
on S. spiniger from Lugansk area, to Dr. S. Koponen (Turku, Finland), who kindly provided a male of S. cor-
niger for illustration.
Arachnologische Gesellschaft e. V., Nachweiskarten der Spinnentiere Deutschlands (Arachnida: Araneae,
Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones). – (http://www.spiderling.de/arages/index2_eng. htm).
Buchar J., Růžička V. Ñatalogue of spiders of the Czech Republic. – Praha : Peres, 2002. – 351 p.
Chumak V., Prokopenko H., Timochko V. Assemblages of spiders (Aranei, Arachnida) of subalpine belt of
Chornogora // Visnyk Prykarpatskogo Natsionalnogo universitetu. – Ser. Biologiya, 2007. – 7, 8. –
P. 186—190. – Ukrainian : ×óìàê Â., Ïðîêîïåíêî Î., Òèìî÷êî Â. Óãðóïîâàííÿ ïàâóê³â ñóáàëüï³é-
ñüêîãî ïîÿñó ×îðíîãîðè.
Deltshev C. A review of the family Linyphiidae in Bulgaria faunistic and zoogeografical analysis: European arach-
nology, Arthropoda selecta, Aug. 2003 // European Arachnology 2003 / Eds D. V. Logunov, D. Penney. –
St.-Petersburg, 4—9 August 2003. – P. 53—66. – (Proceedings of the 21st European Colloquium of
Arachnology).
Denis J. Notes sur les ėrigonides. 36. Le genre Sintula Simon // Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Toulouse. – 1967. –
103. – P. 369—390.
Gajdoš P. Spiders of the Domica drainage area (Slovak Karst Mts.): community composition and habitat eval-
uation (Araneae): European Arachnology 2005 / Eds C. Deltshev, P. Stoev // Acta zoologica bulgari-
ca. – 2005. – Suppl. N 1. – P. 101—114.
Galle R., Torma A., Kormoczi L. Small-scale effect of habitat heterogeneity on invertebrate assemblages in sandy
grasslands (Hungarian Great Plain) // Pol. J. Ecol. – 2010. – 58, N 2. – P. 333—346.
e-22The Genus Sintula (Aranei, Linyphiidae) in Ukraine...
Fig. 5. Distribution map: stars – Sintula corniger; round dots – S. retroversus; squares – S. spiniger; arrow –
S. solitarius.
Ðèñ. 5. Êàðòà ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ âèäîâ: çâåçäî÷êè – Sintula corniger; êðóæêè – S. retroversus; êâàäðàòè-
êè – S. spiniger; ñòðåëêà – S. solitarius.
Unauthenticated
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e-23 V. A. Gnelitsa
Unauthenticated
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