Recent State and Mechanisms of Invasions of Exotic Decapods in Ukrainian Rivers
Lower reaches of largest Ukrainian rivers are zones of migrations for exotic euryhaline decapods. During 2000s new records of invasions of three euryhaline exotic decapods, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841), Eriocheir sinensis Milne-Edwards, 1853 and Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849), we...
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Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
2013
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irk-123456789-1096702016-12-07T03:02:12Z Recent State and Mechanisms of Invasions of Exotic Decapods in Ukrainian Rivers Son, M.O. Novitsky, R.A. Dyadichko, V.G. Экология Lower reaches of largest Ukrainian rivers are zones of migrations for exotic euryhaline decapods. During 2000s new records of invasions of three euryhaline exotic decapods, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841), Eriocheir sinensis Milne-Edwards, 1853 and Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849), were made in the channels of Ukrainian rivers. Chinese mitten crab, E. sinensis, spread in the Danube Delta and reservoirs of the Dnieper River; Rh. harrisii — in the channels of the Danube, Dnieper, Southern Bug and small river Gruzskij Yelanchik in the Azov Sea Basin; M. nipponense that was introduced in the Kuchurgan Liman (cooler reservoir of the Moldavian Hydro-power Station) — in the Dniester Delta. The migration zone of the established population can cover significant part of river watershed; it is necessary to take this fact into account at an estimation of biological invasion risk. Main problem in the investigation of exotic decapods in Ukrainian waters is absence of specialized methods used in the standard ecological monitoring. Among euryhaline exotic decapods, only Rh. harrisii is sometimes sampled with the equipment used in the monitoring of macrozoobenthos. A few records of these species at the large extent of their supposed ways of migration are the result of gaps in the study of their distribution in Ukrainian inland waters. Realistic attitude toward this fact is very important for the estimation of invasions in the inland waters of this region. Низовья крупнейших украинских рек являются зонами миграции экзотических эвригалинных декапод. В течение 2000-х гг. несколько случаев инвазий трёх эвригалинных экзотических декапод: Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841), Eriocheir sinensis (Milne-Edwards, 1853) и Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) были указаны для русел украинских рек. Китайский мохнаторукий краб, E. sinensis, распространяется в дельте Дуная и водохранилищах Днепра; Rh. harrisii — в русле Дуная, Днепра, Южного Буга и малой реки Грузский Еланчик в бассейне Азовского моря; M. nipponense, акклиматизированный в Кучурганском лимане (пруд-охладитель Молдавской ГРЭС) — в дельте Днестра. Зона миграции установившейся популяции может охватывать значительную часть речного бассейна, что необходимо учитывать в оценке риска биологических инвазий. Главная проблема в исследованиях экзотических декапод в водах Украины — отсутствие специализированных методов в стандартном экологическом мониторинге. Среди эвригалинных экзотических декапод только Rh. harrisii иногда оказывается пойманным с помощью орудий лова, используемых в мониторинге макрозообентоса. Малочисленность известных находок этих видов при большом протяжении некоторых предполагаемых путей миграции — результат пробелов в изучении распространения таких видов во внутренних водах Украины. Реалистическое отношение к современному состоянию научных исследований очень важно для оценки инвазий во внутренние воды страны. 2013 Article Recent State and Mechanisms of Invasions of Exotic Decapods in Ukrainian Rivers / M.O. Son, R.A. Novitsky, V.G. Dyadichko // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 1. — С. 59–64. — Бібліогр.: 21 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 DOI 10.2478/vzoo-2013-0004 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/109670 594.58(282:477) en Вестник зоологии Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
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English |
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Экология Экология |
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Экология Экология Son, M.O. Novitsky, R.A. Dyadichko, V.G. Recent State and Mechanisms of Invasions of Exotic Decapods in Ukrainian Rivers Вестник зоологии |
| description |
Lower reaches of largest Ukrainian rivers are zones of migrations for exotic euryhaline decapods. During 2000s new records of invasions of three euryhaline exotic decapods, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841), Eriocheir sinensis Milne-Edwards, 1853 and Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849), were made in the channels of Ukrainian rivers. Chinese mitten crab, E. sinensis, spread in the Danube Delta and reservoirs of the Dnieper River; Rh. harrisii — in the channels of the Danube, Dnieper, Southern Bug and small river Gruzskij Yelanchik in the Azov Sea Basin; M. nipponense that was introduced in the Kuchurgan Liman (cooler reservoir of the Moldavian Hydro-power Station) — in the Dniester Delta. The migration zone of the established population can cover significant part of river watershed; it is necessary to take this fact into account at an estimation of biological invasion risk. Main problem in the investigation of exotic decapods in Ukrainian waters is absence of specialized methods used in the standard ecological monitoring. Among euryhaline exotic decapods, only Rh. harrisii is sometimes sampled with the equipment used in the monitoring of macrozoobenthos. A few records of these species at the large extent of their supposed ways of migration are the result of gaps in the study of their distribution in Ukrainian inland waters. Realistic attitude toward this fact is very important for the estimation of invasions in the inland waters of this region. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Son, M.O. Novitsky, R.A. Dyadichko, V.G. |
| author_facet |
Son, M.O. Novitsky, R.A. Dyadichko, V.G. |
| author_sort |
Son, M.O. |
| title |
Recent State and Mechanisms of Invasions of Exotic Decapods in Ukrainian Rivers |
| title_short |
Recent State and Mechanisms of Invasions of Exotic Decapods in Ukrainian Rivers |
| title_full |
Recent State and Mechanisms of Invasions of Exotic Decapods in Ukrainian Rivers |
| title_fullStr |
Recent State and Mechanisms of Invasions of Exotic Decapods in Ukrainian Rivers |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Recent State and Mechanisms of Invasions of Exotic Decapods in Ukrainian Rivers |
| title_sort |
recent state and mechanisms of invasions of exotic decapods in ukrainian rivers |
| publisher |
Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| topic_facet |
Экология |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/109670 |
| citation_txt |
Recent State and Mechanisms of Invasions of Exotic Decapods in Ukrainian Rivers / M.O. Son, R.A. Novitsky, V.G. Dyadichko // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 1. — С. 59–64. — Бібліогр.: 21 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вестник зоологии |
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AT sonmo recentstateandmechanismsofinvasionsofexoticdecapodsinukrainianrivers AT novitskyra recentstateandmechanismsofinvasionsofexoticdecapodsinukrainianrivers AT dyadichkovg recentstateandmechanismsofinvasionsofexoticdecapodsinukrainianrivers |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-07T23:28:09Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-07T23:28:09Z |
| _version_ |
1837032685229309952 |
| fulltext |
UDC 594.58(282:477)
RECENT STATE AND MECHANISMS OF INVASIONS
OF EXOTIC DECAPODS IN UKRAINIAN RIVERS
M. O. Son1, R. A. Novitsky2, V. G. Dyadichko1
1 Odessa Branch of O. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas NASU,
vul. Pushkinskaya, 37, Odessa, 65011 Ukraine
E-mail: michail.son@gmail.com, w_dyadichko@gmail.com
2 Oles Honchar Dnepropetrovsk National University,
Prospect Gagarina, 72, Dnepropetrovsk, 49050 Ukraine
E-mail: zoolog@ukr.net
Recent State and Mechanisms of Invasions of Exotic Decapods in Ukrainian Rivers. Son M. O.,
Novitsky R. A., Dyadichko V. G. – Lower reaches of largest Ukrainian rivers are zones of migrations for
exotic euryhaline decapods. During 2000s new records of invasions of three euryhaline exotic decapods,
Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841), Eriocheir sinensis Milne-Edwards, 1853 and Macrobrachium nip-
ponense (De Haan, 1849), were made in the channels of Ukrainian rivers. Chinese mitten crab, E. sinen-
sis, spread in the Danube Delta and reservoirs of the Dnieper River; Rh. harrisii – in the channels of
the Danube, Dnieper, Southern Bug and small river Gruzskij Yelanchik in the Azov Sea Basin; M. nip-
ponense that was introduced in the Kuchurgan Liman (cooler reservoir of the Moldavian Hydro-power
Station) – in the Dniester Delta. The migration zone of the established population can cover signifi-
cant part of river watershed; it is necessary to take this fact into account at an estimation of biological
invasion risk. Main problem in the investigation of exotic decapods in Ukrainian waters is absence of spe-
cialized methods used in the standard ecological monitoring. Among euryhaline exotic decapods, only
Rh. harrisii is sometimes sampled with the equipment used in the monitoring of macrozoobenthos. A few
records of these species at the large extent of their supposed ways of migration are the result of gaps in
the study of their distribution in Ukrainian inland waters. Realistic attitude toward this fact is very impor-
tant for the estimation of invasions in the inland waters of this region.
Key word s: invasive alien species, Decapoda, Rhithropanopeus harrissii, Eriocheir sinensis, Macrobrachium
nipponense, Ukraine.
Ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå è ìåõàíèçìû èíâàçèé ýêçîòè÷åñêèõ äåêàïîä â óêðàèíñêèå ðåêè. Ñîí Ì. Î.,
Íîâèöêèé Ð. À., Äÿäè÷êî Â. Ã. – Íèçîâüÿ êðóïíåéøèõ óêðàèíñêèõ ðåê ÿâëÿþòñÿ çîíàìè ìèãðà-
öèè ýêçîòè÷åñêèõ ýâðèãàëèííûõ äåêàïîä.  òå÷åíèå 2000-õ ãã. íåñêîëüêî ñëó÷àåâ èíâàçèé òð¸õ
ýâðèãàëèííûõ ýêçîòè÷åñêèõ äåêàïîä: Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841), Eriocheir sinensis
(Milne-Edwards, 1853) è Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) áûëè óêàçàíû äëÿ ðóñåë óêðà-
èíñêèõ ðåê. Êèòàéñêèé ìîõíàòîðóêèé êðàá, E. sinensis, ðàñïðîñòðàíÿåòñÿ â äåëüòå Äóíàÿ è âîäî-
õðàíèëèùàõ Äíåïðà; Rh. harrisii – â ðóñëå Äóíàÿ, Äíåïðà, Þæíîãî Áóãà è ìàëîé ðåêè Ãðóçñêèé
Åëàí÷èê â áàññåéíå Àçîâñêîãî ìîðÿ; M. nipponense, àêêëèìàòèçèðîâàííûé â Êó÷óðãàíñêîì ëèìà-
íå (ïðóä-îõëàäèòåëü Ìîëäàâñêîé ÃÐÝÑ) – â äåëüòå Äíåñòðà. Çîíà ìèãðàöèè óñòàíîâèâøåéñÿ
ïîïóëÿöèè ìîæåò îõâàòûâàòü çíà÷èòåëüíóþ ÷àñòü ðå÷íîãî áàññåéíà, ÷òî íåîáõîäèìî ó÷èòûâàòü
â îöåíêå ðèñêà áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ èíâàçèé. Ãëàâíàÿ ïðîáëåìà â èññëåäîâàíèÿõ ýêçîòè÷åñêèõ äåêà-
ïîä â âîäàõ Óêðàèíû – îòñóòñòâèå ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûõ ìåòîäîâ â ñòàíäàðòíîì ýêîëîãè÷åñêîì
ìîíèòîðèíãå. Ñðåäè ýâðèãàëèííûõ ýêçîòè÷åñêèõ äåêàïîä òîëüêî Rh. harrisii èíîãäà îêàçûâàåòñÿ
ïîéìàííûì ñ ïîìîùüþ îðóäèé ëîâà, èñïîëüçóåìûõ â ìîíèòîðèíãå ìàêðîçîîáåíòîñà.
Ìàëî÷èñëåííîñòü èçâåñòíûõ íàõîäîê ýòèõ âèäîâ ïðè áîëüøîì ïðîòÿæåíèè íåêîòîðûõ ïðåäïî-
ëàãàåìûõ ïóòåé ìèãðàöèè – ðåçóëüòàò ïðîáåëîâ â èçó÷åíèè ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ òàêèõ âèäîâ âî âíóò-
ðåííèõ âîäàõ Óêðàèíû. Ðåàëèñòè÷åñêîå îòíîøåíèå ê ñîâðåìåííîìó ñîñòîÿíèþ íàó÷íûõ èññëå-
äîâàíèé î÷åíü âàæíî äëÿ îöåíêè èíâàçèé âî âíóòðåííèå âîäû ñòðàíû.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: èíâàçèâíûå ÷óæåðîäíûå âèäû, Decapoda, Rhithropanopeus harrissii, Eriocheir
sinensis, Macrobrachium nipponense, Óêðàèíà.
Introduction
Expansion of a number of invasive alien decapods has been reported in European waters during last decades
(Holdich, Pöckl, 2007). In Ukraine, invasive decapod species were reported mainly from the marine and brack-
ish coastal waters of the Azov-Black Sea coasts (Alexandrov et al., 2007). During 2000s new records of inva-
Vestnik zoologii, 47(1): e-45—e-50, 2013
DOI 10.2478/vzoo-2013-0004
Unauthenticated
Download Date | 12/5/16 8:29 PM
sions of three euryhaline exotic decapods, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841), Eriocheir sinensis Milne-
Edwards, 1853 and Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849), were made in the Ukrainian rivers (fig. 1).
In this paper we report these occurrences with special attention to the most upstream records of the species.
Material and methods
Part of the sampled areas are the zones of regular investigations of aquatic invasions, which had been
previously studied (Dniester Delta since 1999, Middle Dnieper since 2000, Danube River since 2002). In local-
ities in the Southern Bug River, Ingul River, and Gruzskij Yelanchik River, Rh. harrisii was found du-ring the
first field investigations.
M a t e r i a l. M. nipponense: 1 specimen, Dniestr Delta (46°30‘06.6 N; 29°55‘51.5 E), 05.07.2009
(Dyadichko); Rh. harrisii: 1 specimen, Dnieprovskoye Reservoir (48°24‘58.0 N; 35°06‘41.0 E), 06.11.2009
(Novitsky); 5 specimens, Ingul River, Nikolayev Port (46°59‘48.3 N; 32°00‘20.9 E), 03.07.2007 (Son); 3 spec-
imens, Southern Bug River ( 46°58‘56.5 N; 31°58‘11.1 E), 03.07.2007 (Son); 4 specimens, Southern Bug River
(46°57‘37.3 N; 31°56‘08.0 E), 13.07.2008 (Son leg.); 1 specimens, Gruzsky Yelanchik River (47°06‘48.2 N;
38°03‘49.2 E), 09.08.2004 (Son); 2 specimens, Danube River, Izmail (40°20‘19.8 N; 28°48‘35.6 E), 08.06.2009
(Son); E. sinensis: 1 specimen, Dnieprovskoye Reservoir (48°06‘51.0 N; 35°03‘01.0 E), 20.10.2002 (Novitsky).
E. sinensis from the Dnieprovskoye Reservoir was found in fishnet (mesh size 40 mm) at 10 m depth.
Rh. harrisii from the Dnieprovskoye Reservoir was sampled on stony bottom at 2 m depth with bottom fish-
net (mesh size 14 mm). Material from the Dnieper Basin was fixed in 4 % formalin. It is deposited at the Oles
Honchar Dnepropetrovsk National University (Department of Zoology and Ecology).
Other samples of Rh. harrisii were sampled with hand-net or by hands. The specimens were fixed in 70 %
ethanol. They are deposited in the collection of the Odessa Branch of O. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology
of the Southern Seas (OB IBSS).
Freshwater prawn M. nipponense was sampled with specialized crayfish’s trap with bait. It was fixed in
70 % ethanol and deposited in the collection of the OBIBSS.
Results and discussion
Chinese mitten crab E. sinensis was registered in two Ukrainian estuaries in 1998.
In June 1998, it was sampled in the Grigorjevskiy Liman, North-West Black Sea Region
(area of Yuzhny Port) (Zaitsev, 1998), and in 08.05.1998, in the Molochnyj Liman near
place of connection with the Sea of Azov (Murina, Antonovsky, 2001). In subsequent
e-46 M. O. Son, R. A. Novitsky, V. G. Dyadichko
Fig. 1. Invasive ranges of eurihaline decapods in Ukraine.
Ðèñ. 1. Íàõîäêè ýâðèãàëèííûõ äåêàïîä â Óêðàèíå.
Rhithropanopeus harrisii —
Eriocheir sinensis —
Macrobrachium nipponense —
Unauthenticated
Download Date | 12/5/16 8:29 PM
years, rapid spread of this species was reported in the Northern Black Sea region. It was
found along the Black Sea coast between Bolshoj Fontan Ñape (the city of Odessa) and
the town of Ilichovsk in February 2000, in the Zhebrian Bay near the Danube Delta
(Danube Biosphere Reserve) in November 2003 (Lukarzhevskaya, 2004), and in
31.03.2005, near the city of Sevastopol (according to communications with the local fish-
ermen, it has appeared in this region several years before and has been found in marine
bays and near the estuary of Chornaya River) (Lozovskij, 2005).
Shortly after first records of E. sinensis in the estuarine and coastal waters it was report-
ed from the reservoirs of the Dnieper River. It was found in the Dnieprovskoye Reservoir
(20.10.2002) and according to the data from Zaporozhje Regional Fishery Inspection in
the Kakhovka Reservoir, near the town of Kakhovka (15.01.2003) (fig. 2).
In the Black sea waters, Harris mud crab Rh. harrisii was reported for the first time
in the estuarine Dnieper-Bug Liman in 1939. Later it has spread to other freshened areas,
and in 1948 has penetrated into the Sea of Azov (Makarov, 2004). Before our investi-
gations, this species has been also reported from the Black Sea coastal lagoons and estu-
aries: Sasyk Lake, Alibej, Shagany, Sukhoj Liman, Khadzhibey Liman, and Tliligulskij
Liman (Makarov, 2004). Among coastal reservoirs we also found it in estuarine Berezan
Liman. Among large river systems its presence was reported only for branches of the Danube
Delta, its inundated lakes and adjoining reservoirs (Lyashenko et al., 2005; Dzhurtubaev,
2010). We indicate the town of Izmail as the most upstream point of its distribution in
Ukrainian Danube Basin.
In the Dnieper Basin, this species is widespread in the Dnieper-Bug Liman (Maka -
rov 2004) and waters of the Kherson Commercial Seaport in the Dnieper Delta (Yury
Kvach, personal communication). The most upward records of this species in the
Dnieper Basin is the middle part of the Dnieprovskoye Reservoir near the Pridneprov -
skaya Thermal Power Station (fig. 3). In the Southern Bug Basin, we found this species
in the channels of the Southern Bug River, and its tributary, Ingul River. In addition to
the records in large rivers, the species also has been found in a small river, Gruzskij
Yelanchik (Azov Sea Basin).
Giant prawns of the genus Macrobrachium are a key element of modern freshwater
aquaculture. In the former USSR, experimental cultivation of M. nipponense and M. rosen-
bergii (De Man, 1879) was organized in natural and warm-water reservoirs before 1970s
(Suprunovich, Makarov, 1990). In 1986, M. nipponense was introduced into the Kuchurgan
Liman (cooler reservoir of the Moldavian Hydro-power Station), waterbody on the
Transdnistrian stretch on the border between Ukraine and Moldova Republic (Makarov,
2004). M. rosenbergii has been cultivated in the closed reservoirs of the Crimean
e-47Recent State and Mechanisms of Invasions of Exotic Decapods...
Fig. 2. Chinise mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, from the Dneprovskoye Reservoir (photograph by R. A. Novitsky).
Ðèñ. 2. Êèòàéñêèé ìîõíàòîðóêèé êðàá, Eriocheir sinensis, èç Äíåïðîâñêîãî âîäîõðàíèëèùà (ôîòî
Ð. À. Íîâèöêîãî).
Unauthenticated
Download Date | 12/5/16 8:29 PM
Peninsula, but no data about its possible escape from aquaculture or introduction to the
natural Ukrainian ecosystems exist so far.
M. nipponense is a widespread Indo-Pacific species, occurring in estuarine and fresh
waters (New et al., 2010). Before 2000s, it has not been reported from the Dniester Basin,
except for warm-water zone of the Kuchurgan Liman. Reports from the local fishermen
about a giant prawn in the Dniester Delta appeared since 2000s. Adult specimen of M. nip-
ponense was recorded in the Dniester River while sampling with specialized crayfish trap
with bait.
Thus, it is obvious that the lower reaches of the largest Ukrainian rivers are the zones
of migrations for exotic euryhaline decapods. Possible pathways are shipping, local thermal
pollution, and also man-made high mineralization. The zone of migration of the established
population can cover significant reach of river watershed, which is necessary to take into
account at an estimation of biological invasion risk. For example, for a migrating species
which breeding occurs in an estuary, the upstream findings should automatically indicate
the necessity to take this species into account in the risk estimation for all intermediate sites.
All three species of exotic euryhaline decapods recorded in Ukrainian rivers have dif-
ferent modes of migratory behaviour.
The Chinese mitten crab breeding in estuaries requires saltish water on larval stages,
but it is capable of movements on large distances upstream rivers. In Europe, the length
of such migrations reaches up to 700 km that is provided with speed of upstream migra-
tion as large as 1—1.5 km per day (Makarov, 2004). Thus, significant part of Ukrainian
inland waterways is a zone of its potential spreading.
Euryhaline Rh. harrisii do not migrate on significant distances during its life cycle.
That is connected with a specific mechanism of zoean vertical migrations between layers
of water moving in the different sides (Cronin, Forward, 1986). This mechanism retains
larvae within the vicinity of the parental population. Probably, it provides success of adap-
tation to local conditions, in particular, by a choice of the most successful habitats. It was
reported that Portuguese population has moved around 6 km upward in the Mondego River
within a period of 10 years, completely disappearing from the previous sampling site
(Projecto-Garcia, 2010). Earlier it was affirmed that the larvae of this species are less tol-
erant to low salinities than adults (as low as 4 ‰). However, recent discovery of breed-
ing populations of Rh. harrisii in Texas freshwater reservoirs showed the presence of gravid
females, abundant juveniles, zoeae and egg production at salinities as low as 0.5 ‰
(Boyle et al., 2010). The fact of modern colonization of fresh-water reservoirs close to the
native range is very interesting and shows that the importance of salinity as limiting fac-
e-48 M. O. Son, R. A. Novitsky, V. G. Dyadichko
Fig. 3. Harris mud crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii, from the Dneprovskoye Reservoir (photograph by
R. A. Novitsky).
Ðèñ. 3. Ãîëëàíäñêèé êðàá, Rhithropanopeus harrisii, èç Äíåïðîâñêîãî âîäîõðàíèëèùà (ôîòî Ð. À. Íî -
âèöêîãî).
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tor in spreading of this species is probably exaggerated at least for high-mineralised rivers.
Laboratory experiments showed that vertical migration rhythms of the larvae were formed
on embryonic stages and were connected with tidal rhythms of an estuary (Makarov, 2004).
It is so for the microtidal Black and Azov Seas, where such migrations during time of wind-
effected surge phenomena is improbable.
Thus, taking into account weak mobility of these crabs in comparison with large migrat-
ing species, such as Chinese mitten crab E. sinensis or blue crab C. sapidus, larval drift is
the main factor preventing upstream spread of Rh. harrisii in the Ponto-Caspian rivers.
Evolution of the prawn genus Macrobrachium towards «freshwaterization» has result-
ed in occurrence of several life cycle types and related larval developmental patterns. The
type, which includes M. nipponense, is represented by species which undertake migration
to estuaries during the breeding season, since their larvae essentially require higher salin-
ity for successful metamorphosis (Jalihal et al., 1993). However, M. nipponense very
quickly adapts to fresh water in comparison to the closely related species (New et al., 2010).
Therefore, migrations of M. nipponense in conditions of the Dniester Basin are limited not
by salinity, but by temperature – optimal water temperature for this species is 25—28°Ñ
(Suprunovich, Makarov, 1990). The estuarine Kuchurgan Liman, being a cooler pond,
plays a role of temperature refugium for this species in the Dniestr Basin and the poten-
tial zone of migration, which is probably limited to those distances that species can pass
in a warm season. Such zones of migration for M. nipponense are known in the Volga River
(Yakovleva, Yakovlev, 2010). Now it is not clear whether these prawns return to the
Kuchurgan Liman or their populations are incapable of reproduction.
Main problem in investigation of exotic decapods in Ukrainian waters is absence of
specialized methods for the standard ecological monitoring. Among euryhaline exotic
decapods, only Rh. harrisii is sometimes sampled with equipment officially used in macro-
zoobenthic monitoring. In all publications, dedicated both to E. sinensis and Callinectes
sapidus Rathbun, 1896, where the source of the materials was indicated, data are based
on samples received from fishermen and amateur divers (including scientists, who catch
these specimens as hobby, but not during official monitoring expeditions) or samples from
ichthyological studies (Bulgurkov, 1968; Zaitsev, 1998; Murina, Antonovsky, 2001;
Novitsky, 2003; Lozovskij, 2005; Diripasko et al., 2009). All Black Sea specimens of poten-
tial invaders to estuaries and lower reaches of Ukrainian rivers: palemonid prawns,
Palaemon longirostris H. Milne-Edwards, 1837, and P. macrodactylus Rathbun, 1902, and
Says mud crab, Dyspanopeus sayi (S. I. Smith, 1869), were also captured by SCUBA divers
or diver-operated push-nets (Sezgin et al., 2007; Micu, Niţă, 2009; Micu et al., 2010).
A few records of these species at large extent of their supposed migration ranges is a
result of gaps in studies of the distribution of such species in Ukrainian inland waters.
Realistic attitude towards this fact is very important for the estimation of invasions in the
inland waters of this region.
Surprisingly, none of the numerous exotic freshwater crayfishes, which invaded
European waters (Holdich, Pöckl, 2007) or are available as ornamental aquarium species
(Chucholl, 2012 – in press), have been reported from Ukraine. At least Orconectes limo-
sus (Rafinesque, 1817) could already attain the territory of Ukraine both from the
Romanian Lower Danube and the Vistula Basin (from Poland and Belarus). Also we esti-
mate a high risk of introduction of different Procambarus species by aquarium hobbyists.
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e-49Recent State and Mechanisms of Invasions of Exotic Decapods...
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XX ñòîëåòèÿ.
Received 11 September 2012
Accepted 21 November 2012
e-50 M. O. Son, R. A. Novitsky, V. G. Dyadichko
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