New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion of the Species’ Winter Range?
Absence of winter records, known long distance movements of parti-coloured bats ringed in North-eastern (NE) Europe, and some observations of seasonal concentrations of migrating animals had enabled to consider Vespertilio murinus, until quite recently, as a migratory species wintering outside Ukrai...
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Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
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| Цитувати: | New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion of the Species’ Winter Range? / L.V. Godlevska // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 3. — С. 239-244. — Бібліогр.: 32 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-1097482016-12-13T03:02:18Z New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion of the Species’ Winter Range? Godlevska, L.V. Экология Absence of winter records, known long distance movements of parti-coloured bats ringed in North-eastern (NE) Europe, and some observations of seasonal concentrations of migrating animals had enabled to consider Vespertilio murinus, until quite recently, as a migratory species wintering outside Ukraine and NE Europe as a whole. During the last years the species had been found in the winter season (November — middle March) in Ukraine in 14 provinces and in the AR Crimea: contact records in 7 provinces, observations of autumn display song in 9 provinces and in the AR Crimea. Analysis of the data allows to assert that at present the whole territory of Ukraine belongs to the winter range of V. murinus. New winter records of V. murinus from Ukraine and other countries of NE Europe should probably be considered as an evidence of the expansion of the species’ winter range, that may be conditioned by the appearance of big massifs of rock-like structures (= multi-storey buildings) in plain regions. Отсутствие зимних находок и известные дальние перелеты двухцветных кожанов, окольцованных в северо-восточной (СВ) Европе, а также некоторые наблюдения сезонных концентраций мигрирующих животных — всё это позволяло рассматривать до относительно недавнего времени Vespertilio murinus как вид-мигрант, который зимует за пределами Украины и СВ Европы в целом. В течение последних лет вид в Украине отмечен в зимний период (конец октября — середина марта) в 14 областях и АР Крым: контактные регистрации — в 7 областях, регистрация осенней брачной песни — в 9 областях и АР Крым. Имеющиеся данные позволяют утверждать, что территория Украины на сегодня полностью входит в зону зимовки вида. Новые зимние находки V. murinus из Украины и других стран СВ Европы, вероятно, следует рассматривать как доказательство расширения зимовочной зоны вида, которое может быть обусловлено появлением крупных массивов скалообразных структур (= многоэтажные дома) в равнинных регионах. 2013 Article New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion of the Species’ Winter Range? / L.V. Godlevska // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 3. — С. 239-244. — Бібліогр.: 32 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 DOI 10.2478/vzoo-2013-0023 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/109748 599.42 en Вестник зоологии Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
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Экология Экология Godlevska, L.V. New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion of the Species’ Winter Range? Вестник зоологии |
| description |
Absence of winter records, known long distance movements of parti-coloured bats ringed in North-eastern (NE) Europe, and some observations of seasonal concentrations of migrating animals had enabled to consider Vespertilio murinus, until quite recently, as a migratory species wintering outside Ukraine and NE Europe as a whole. During the last years the species had been found in the winter season (November — middle March) in Ukraine in 14 provinces and in the AR Crimea: contact records in 7 provinces, observations of autumn display song in 9 provinces and in the AR Crimea. Analysis of the data allows to assert that at present the whole territory of Ukraine belongs to the winter range of V. murinus. New winter records of V. murinus from Ukraine and other countries of NE Europe should probably be considered as an evidence of the expansion of the species’ winter range, that may be conditioned by the appearance of big massifs of rock-like structures (= multi-storey buildings) in plain regions. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Godlevska, L.V. |
| author_facet |
Godlevska, L.V. |
| author_sort |
Godlevska, L.V. |
| title |
New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion of the Species’ Winter Range? |
| title_short |
New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion of the Species’ Winter Range? |
| title_full |
New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion of the Species’ Winter Range? |
| title_fullStr |
New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion of the Species’ Winter Range? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion of the Species’ Winter Range? |
| title_sort |
new vespertilio murinus (chiroptera) winter records. an indication of expansion of the species’ winter range? |
| publisher |
Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| topic_facet |
Экология |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/109748 |
| citation_txt |
New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion of the Species’ Winter Range? / L.V. Godlevska // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 3. — С. 239-244. — Бібліогр.: 32 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вестник зоологии |
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2025-07-07T23:36:22Z |
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2025-07-07T23:36:22Z |
| _version_ |
1837033201520869376 |
| fulltext |
UDC 599.42
NEW VESPERTILIO MURINUS (CHIROPTERA)
WINTER RECORDS. AN INDICATION
OF EXPANSION OF THE SPECIES’ WINTER RANGE?
L. V. Godlevska
Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine,
vul. B. Khmelnytskogo, 15, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
E-mail: lgodlevska@gmail.com
New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion of the Species’ Winter
Range? Godlevska L. V. – Absence of winter records, known long distance movements of parti-coloured
bats ringed in North-eastern (NE) Europe, and some observations of seasonal concentrations of migrat-
ing animals had enabled to consider Vespertilio murinus, until quite recently, as a migratory species win-
tering outside Ukraine and NE Europe as a whole. During the last years the species had been found in
the winter season (November – middle March) in Ukraine in 14 provinces and in the AR Crimea: con-
tact records in 7 provinces, observations of autumn display song in 9 provinces and in the AR Crimea.
Analysis of the data allows to assert that at present the whole territory of Ukraine belongs to the winter
range of V. murinus. New winter records of V. murinus from Ukraine and other countries of NE Europe
should probably be considered as an evidence of the expansion of the species’ winter range, that may be
conditioned by the appearance of big massifs of rock-like structures (= multi-storey buildings) in plain
regions.
Key wo r d s: Vespertilio murinus, Ukraine, NE Europe, winter range, expansion.
Íîâûå çèìíèå íàõîäêè Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera). Ñâèäåòåëüñòâî ðàñøèðåíèÿ çîíû çèìîâêè âèäà?
Ãîäëåâñêàÿ Å. Â. – Îòñóòñòâèå çèìíèõ íàõîäîê è èçâåñòíûå äàëüíèå ïåðåëåòû äâóõöâåòíûõ êîæà-
íîâ, îêîëüöîâàííûõ â ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîé (ÑÂ) Åâðîïå, à òàêæå íåêîòîðûå íàáëþäåíèÿ ñåçîííûõ
êîíöåíòðàöèé ìèãðèðóþùèõ æèâîòíûõ – âñ¸ ýòî ïîçâîëÿëî ðàññìàòðèâàòü äî îòíîñèòåëüíî íåäàâ-
íåãî âðåìåíè Vespertilio murinus êàê âèä-ìèãðàíò, êîòîðûé çèìóåò çà ïðåäåëàìè Óêðàèíû è ÑÂ
Åâðîïû â öåëîì.  òå÷åíèå ïîñëåäíèõ ëåò âèä â Óêðàèíå îòìå÷åí â çèìíèé ïåðèîä (êîíåö îêòÿá-
ðÿ – ñåðåäèíà ìàðòà) â 14 îáëàñòÿõ è ÀÐ Êðûì: êîíòàêòíûå ðåãèñòðàöèè – â 7 îáëàñòÿõ,
ðåãèñòðàöèÿ îñåííåé áðà÷íîé ïåñíè – â 9 îáëàñòÿõ è ÀÐ Êðûì. Èìåþùèåñÿ äàííûå ïîçâîëÿþò
óòâåðæäàòü, ÷òî òåððèòîðèÿ Óêðàèíû íà ñåãîäíÿ ïîëíîñòüþ âõîäèò â çîíó çèìîâêè âèäà. Íîâûå
çèìíèå íàõîäêè V. murinus èç Óêðàèíû è äðóãèõ ñòðàí ÑÂ Åâðîïû, âåðîÿòíî, ñëåäóåò ðàññìàò-
ðèâàòü êàê äîêàçàòåëüñòâî ðàñøèðåíèÿ çèìîâî÷íîé çîíû âèäà, êîòîðîå ìîæåò áûòü îáóñëîâëå-
íî ïîÿâëåíèåì êðóïíûõ ìàññèâîâ ñêàëîîáðàçíûõ ñòðóêòóð (= ìíîãîýòàæíûå äîìà) â ðàâíèííûõ
ðåãèîíàõ.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: Vespertilio murinus, Óêðàèíà, Ñ Åâðîïà, çîíà çèìîâêè, ðàñøèðåíèå.
The parti-coloured bat, Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758, is distributed from Central Europe through
the Caucasus, Central Asia, Southern Siberia to the Far East (Rydell, Baagøe, 1994). The whole territory of
Ukraine belongs to its range (Abelentsev, Popov, 1956; Godlevskaya, 2006). However, until quite recently, the
species had not been observed here in winter. Absence of winter records, known long distance movements of
parti-coloured bats ringed in NE Europe (Kurskov, 1965; Panyutin, 1968) and some observations of migrat-
ing animals, in particular in the southern part of Ukraine (Formozov, 1927; Popov, 1941) – all this let con-
sidering V. murinus as a migrating species, hibernating outside Ukraine and NE Europe as a whole (Abelentsev,
Popov, 1956; Strelkov, 1969; Strelkov, Il’in, 1990). The data on winter records of the species in the territory
of the former USSR and adjacent regions was reviewed by P. P. Strelkov in 2001 (Strelkov, 2001). Based on
available data for that moment P. P. Strelkov lined the presumable northern border of the species’ winter range
through the Northern Caucasus and Transcarpathian Ukraine, Czech Republic to the north along the inter-
fluve of Oder and Elbe Rivers to the Baltic Coast. P. P. Strelkov also noticed “attempts” of the parti-coloured
bat to hibernate beyond that line. In the following years new data on V. murinus in Ukraine were gathered.
These data supplement information about the species’ winter range and allow to review its current borders, in
particular in the territory of Ukraine.
Vestnik zoologii, 47(3): e-35—e-40, 2013
DOI 10.2478/vzoo-2013-0023
Unauthenticated
Download Date | 12/9/16 9:07 PM
Methods
All available data on contact records of parti-coloured bats in winter and observations of the autumn mat-
ing display song of the species in Ukraine are summarized. The winter season is considered to be a period from
late October to the middle of March. A mating song at the end of October – in December is considered to
be an evidence of the species hibernation in the area where the song was recorded. V. murinus is a species with
a noticeable mating behaviour: in autumn males advertise themselves with very characteristic calls which are
well audible even without a bat-detector. Such mating calls are a reliable evidence of the presence of the species
(Ahlén, Baagøe, 1999; Baagøe, 2001 a; Rydell, Baagøe, 1994).
A systematical search and mapping of singing V. murinus had been done by the author in different regions
of Ukraine in 2005—2012. The search was carried out by walking transects, mainly through localities with multi-
storey buildings or vertical rocks. A transect length amounted from 5 to 20 km or more. When planning a tran-
sect route, height of vertical structures had been taken into account, based on revealed peculiarities of dispo-
sition of singing males’ loci – near high vertical surfaces (Godlevska, Khokhlova, 2008; Godlevska, in prep.).
E. g., in cities transects were laid mostly through districts with continued massifs of new multi-storey build-
ings (9 storeys and higher); in rocky terrains, through localities with outcropped cliffs of considerable height.
An effective revealing of singing males (in localities where they are really present) depends on different fac-
tors. However, the applied approach allows revealing singing parti-coloured bats even in conditions of limit-
ed time (a few hours).
Results and discussion
The location of winter records of V. murinus it the territory of Ukraine are plotted
in fig. 1. The detailed list of records is given below.
Contact winter records of V. murinus are known from 7 provinces of Ukraine; obser-
vations of males’ mating song, from 9 provinces and in the AR Crimea. In total, the species
was revealed in winter in Ukraine in 14 provinces and in the AR Crimea.
All winter records of the species in Ukraine are only from cities and towns (most
of which are situated in plain regions). Loci of display song (n > 85) had been revealed
to be almost exclusively near high, 9—30 storey, buildings, or near rocks (n = 2). There
e-36 L. V. Godlevska
Fig. 1. Winter records of V. murinus in Ukraine. The numbers in the map correspond with numbers in the
records’ list.
Ðèñ. 1. Çèìíèå ðåãèñòðàöèè V. murinus â Óêðàèíå. Íîìåðà íà êàðòå ñîîòâåòñòâóþò íîìåðàì â êàäà-
ñòðå íàõîäîê.
Unauthenticated
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is only one known song locus near few-storied buildings (5 storeys), point 13 on fig. 1.
Conducted search had not revealed singing parti-coloured bats in areas with family hous-
es, parks and forests. All contact winter records (with known details of finding) in
Ukraine concern individuals flown into rooms of high buildings or those found on the
ground or in a yard near multi-storey buildings as well.
1. Kyiv City: contact records: 1F, 16.01.1998, inside a multi-stor. building; 1F, 27.01.2001, inside a multi-
stor. building; 1F, 13.01.2003 (Tyshchenko, Godlevska, 2008); 1M, 02.01.2011, inside a 16-stor. building; 1M,
23.11.2011, inside a 24-stor. building; 1M, 25.11.2011, inside a 10-stor. building; 1M, 30.12.2011, inside a 9-
stor. building; 1F, 23.02.2012, inside a 24-stor. building; 1M, 25.11.2012, inside a 18-stor. building; 1F, 27.11.2012,
inside a 9-stor. building; 1F, 07.12.2012, inside a 24-stor. building; 1M, 17.12.2012, in a yard of multi-stor.
buildings; 1F, 08.01.2013, inside a 24-stor. building; 1F, 21.02.2013, inside a 17-stor. building (own data); 1M,
18.10.2010; 1F, 31.10.2010 (E. Uljura, pers. com.); display song: > 50 loci in many city districts, since
Autumn 2001, near multi-storied buildings (Godlevska, Khokhlova, 2008; Godlevska, in prep.). 2. Zhytomyr
City: display song: 1 locus, 08.11.2011, near multi-stor. buildings (own data). 3. Volodymyr-Volynsky: display
song: 4 loci, 21.10.2007, near multi-stor. buildings (A. Khokhlova, pers. com.). 4. Lviv City: contact? records:
two colonies, ca. 30 and 15 ind., December 2008 (Bashta, 2010); display song?: “October – first half of
November”, “mass appearance of migrating individuals“ (Bashta, 2010). 5. Kalush City: display song: > 5 loci,
26.10.2007, near multi-stor. buildings (A. Khokhlova, pers. com.). 6. Rakhiv District: contact? records: winter
colonies in buildings from 5—10 to ca. 100 ind., 1996—1999 (Pokynchereda, 1999). 7. Chernivtsi City: contact
records: 1M, 20.12.2009, caught by a cat at a balcony of multi-stor. building (Smirnov, Skilsky, 2010). 8. Ternopil
City: contact records: 1M, 10.01.2010, found grounded in the city centre (own data). 9. Odesa City: display
song: 3 loci, since Autumn 2005, near multi-stor. buildings (P. Panchenko, pers. com.; own data). 10. Juzhne
City: display song: > 1 locus, Oct.—Nov. 2011, near multi-stor. buildings (O. Formanjuk, pers. com.). 11. Mykolayiv
City: display song: 4 loci, 1—2.12.2008, near multi-stor. buildings (own data). 12. Kherson City: display song:
2 loci, 31.10.2011, near multi-stor. buildings (P. Panchenko, pers. com.); 2 loci, 15.11.2011, near multi-stor.
buildings (own data). 13. Askania-Nova Town: display song: 1 locus, Autumn 2001, 22.11.2010, near 5-stor.
buildings (I. Polischuk, pers. com). 14. Simferopol City: display song: 1 locus, 02.11.2007; in this city flying
parti-coloured bats were observed on 14.03.2002, in Vorontsovsky Park (own data). 15. Bakhchysarai City: dis-
play song: 2 loci, 03.11.2007, near rocks at northern outskirts; 2 loci; 19.11.2012, near multi-stor. buildings;
flying parti-coloured bats were observed on 15.03.2002 in Old City of Bakhchysarai (own data). 16. Melitopol
City: display song: 2 loci, 16.11.2011, near multi-stor. buildings (own data). 17. Luhansk City: contact records:
1U, 22.11.2012, on the ground near multi-stor. building (own data); display song: 1 locus, 26.11.2005, near
multi-stor. buildings (own data); 3 loci, since Autumn 2005, near multi-stor. buildings (Zagorodniuk,
Korobchenko, 2008). 18. Lysychansk City: display song: 1? locus, 10.11.2006—02.12.2006 (Zagorodniuk,
Korobchenko, 2008). 19. Kharkiv City: contact records: 1M, 21.11.1977, in the multi-stor. building of Kharkiv
University (Vlaschenko, 2011); 1M, 17.02.2012 (A. Vlaschenko, A. Gukasova, pers. com.).
No t e s. The information about the record in Kharkiv City in 1977 was not published
until recently (Vlaschenko, 2011). Thus, it was not reviewed earlier. Observations of parti-
coloured bats in October—November are mentioned by A.-T. Bashta in his papers on the
bat fauna of the western Ukrainian regions but without giving particular details (places,
time etc.), thus these data were not included in the list. In the paper by I. Zagorodniuk
and M. Korobchenko (2008) two more winter records of parti-coloured bats are men-
tioned. However, one of them (v. Lozno-Aleksandrovka, Jan. 2006) was not supported
by factual proofs, the second (Krasnodon City, Nov. 2006) was given erroneously and
concerned to Eptesicus serotinus (I. Zagorodniuk, pers. com.).
The geography of the winter records allows asserting that at present the whole ter-
ritory of Ukraine is included in the winter range of V. murinus. Revealing the species in
winter in provinces where the species had not been found wintering yet is, very proba-
bly, a matter of time.
The available data are not sufficient to say what animals form the winter popula-
tion of V. murinus in Ukraine, whether they are local or come from remote regions, or
which part of the summer population remains to hibernate. However, regular winter records
for continuous time in some cities, like Kyiv, Luhansk, and Odessa, etc, prove that the
wintering of V. murinus occurs there permanently.
It can’t be excluded that the absence of winter records in past in Ukraine might be
caused by insufficient interest and efforts to study bats in the field. However, from the
sum of all available data, it is more likely that the species was really absent here in win-
e-37New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion...
Unauthenticated
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ter, at least in the largest part of the country. Thus, new winter records may be consid-
ered as an evidence of expansion of the winter range of the species.
Almost all winter records of parti-coloured bats in Ukraine are associated with multi-
storey buildings or vertical rocks. Such a prevalent biotopic relation of the parti-coloured
bat’s winter records to rock and rock-like (multi-storey buildings) localities was also
described for other European regions (e. g. Spitzenberger, 1984; Baagøe, 2001 a, b) and
was a reason of assignment V. murinus to the group of epilithic species (Klausnitzer, 1987).
This biotopic relation of the winter occurrence of the species allows connecting the
supposed expansion of the winter range of V. murinus with a mass appearance of anthro-
pogenic rock-like structures in plain regions. Intensive construction of multi-storey
buildings was begun in the second half of the XXth century. For instance, mass creation
of 9-storied houses in Ukraine started in Kyiv in 1964 (History of Kiev, 1986), and of
16-storied buildings, in 1970s. Onset of mass building high houses in other regions of
Ukraine occurred even later. Correspondingly, the beginning of the supposed expansion
of the species winter range along Ukrainian plains may be dated in the second half of
the XXth century. On the other hand, available data allow to conclude that the main nat-
ural roosts of the species in the winter season are rock crevices in mountainous areas
(Spitzenberger, 1984; Červený, Bürger, 1989). Detection of hibernating animals in rocks
bears a considerable element of randomness. So, very probably, hibernation of V. muri-
nus occurred in the territory of Ukraine before the “era of high buildings” but in corre-
sponding mountain regions, e. g. in the Carpathians and Mountain Crimea.
The relation of the expansion of the winter range with the mass appearance of high
buildings should be explained by the similarity of multi-storey buildings and natural steep
e-38 L. V. Godlevska
The map was compiled using publications mentioned above as well as the next sources and publications:
Moldova – Averin et al., 1979; Romania – Z. Nagy, L. Szántó, 2002; Hungary – Topál, 1976; Boldogh, 2006;
Slovakia – Lehotská, 2006; Matis, Dittel, 1997; Czech Republic – Červený, Bürger, 1989; Mach, 2001; Rumler,
2001; Horáček, 2004, Řehák, 2006; Poland – Harmata, 1999; Lesinski et al., 2001; Mysłajek et al., 2007; Mysłajek,
2008; Gottfried et al., 2008; Cichocki et al., 2009; Russia – collection of the Zoological Institute RAS; col-
lection of the Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories RAS, pers. communication of S. Gazaryan;
Sweden – Ahlén, 1986.
Fig. 2. Localities of winter records of V. murinus in Eastern Europe and adjacent regions.
Ðèñ. 2. Ïóíêòû çèìíèõ ðåãèñòðàöèé V. murinus â Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïå è ñîïðåäåëüíûõ ðåãèîíàõ.
Unauthenticated
Download Date | 12/9/16 9:07 PM
rocks by their structural and dimensional characteristics. Buildings provide hibernation cav-
ities similar to crevices in rocks. As well artificial rock-like structures provide appropriate
mating grounds (Baagøe, 2001 a, b; Godlevska, in prep.). However, besides, one more
issue may be considered for the northward expansion of the winter range to regions with
severe winters – a temperature inside rock-like hibernation roosts. In dwelling houses the
temperature in wall cavities, obviously, is formed by external temperature and heating of
inside, “human”, quarters. Thus, under other even circumstances temperature in crevices
of dwelling buildings should be higher than in those of rocks. This may be crucial for bats
hibernating in such type of shelters in regions with continuous periods of heavy frosts.
During the last years new winter records of the species came from regions where it
was not found wintering before and / or from which long-distance movements were known.
Winter records of parti-coloured bats are already known from cities in: Poland (Lesiński
et al., 2001; others); Belarus – Minsk, Homel (Shpak, 2012), Brest (M. G. and
V. T. Demyanchik, pers. com.); N and E of European parts of Russia – St.-Petersburgh
(Bogdarina, 2006), Moscow (E. I. Kozhurina, pers. comm.: cit. after Strelkov, 2001),
Penza (Zolina et al., 2007); Lithuania – Vilnius (Baranauskas et al., 2006); Latvia –
Riga (Šuba et al., 2010); and Estonia – Tartu and Tallinn (Lutsar, Masing, 2011).
In fig. 2 the Ukrainian records are given, together with other known localities of win-
ter records of the species in Eastern Europe and adjacent regions. The data from Ukraine
complement a general picture and allow presuming that the winter range of V. murinus
may already cover a significantly larger territory than it was thought before.
The author thanks A. Khokhlova and P. Panchenko for their assistance in autumn census work, all col-
leagues who kindly gave information about records of parti-coloured bats, P. Lina, H. Baagøe, and S. Gazaryan
for their help in getting information on winter records of V. murinus in regions other than Ukraine, H. Baagøe
for valuable comments and remarks to the manuscript, P. Lina for improvements to the manuscript.
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e-39New Vespertilio murinus (Chiroptera) Winter Records. An Indication of Expansion...
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Received 25 September 2012
Accepted 21 March 2013
e-40 L. V. Godlevska
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