Comparative Morphology of Dendrocometes paradoxus (Ciliophora, Suctorea) from two Distant Regions (Ukraine and Mexico) and Different Host Species
Comparative analysis of Dendrocometes paradoxus Stein, 1852 cell morphology from various gammarid amphipod species in different regions of Ukraine, and those attached to several host body parts of Hyalella azteca collected in two Mexican lakes, was carried out in order to demonstrate the morphologic...
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irk-123456789-1097502016-12-13T03:02:20Z Comparative Morphology of Dendrocometes paradoxus (Ciliophora, Suctorea) from two Distant Regions (Ukraine and Mexico) and Different Host Species Dovgal, I.V. Mayen-Estrada, R. Морфология Comparative analysis of Dendrocometes paradoxus Stein, 1852 cell morphology from various gammarid amphipod species in different regions of Ukraine, and those attached to several host body parts of Hyalella azteca collected in two Mexican lakes, was carried out in order to demonstrate the morphological variability, due to the hosts species or their geographical distribution. For hosts species and corporal distribution, no significant differences between the two populations were shown. As the result, it was found the suctorians common for amphipod crustaceans from Ukraine and Mexico all are conspecific and belong to D. paradoxus. Приводятся результаты сравнительного анализа морфологии суктории Dendrocometes paradoxus Stein, 1852 из различных регионов Украины (с разных видов гаммарид) и с амфиподы Hyalella azteca, собранной в двух мексиканских озерах. Существенных отличий между особями инфузории с разных хозяев, при разной локализации на теле хозяев, а также связанных с географическим распространением хозяев, обнаружено не было. Таким образом, на амфиподах из пресных водоёмов Украины и Мексики обитает один вид сукторий – D. paradoxus. 2013 Article Comparative Morphology of Dendrocometes paradoxus (Ciliophora, Suctorea) from two Distant Regions (Ukraine and Mexico) and Different Host Species / I.V. Dovgal, R. Mayen-Estrada // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 3. — С. 251-257. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 DOI 10.2478/vzoo-2013-0025 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/109750 593.176 en Вестник зоологии Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
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Морфология Морфология Dovgal, I.V. Mayen-Estrada, R. Comparative Morphology of Dendrocometes paradoxus (Ciliophora, Suctorea) from two Distant Regions (Ukraine and Mexico) and Different Host Species Вестник зоологии |
| description |
Comparative analysis of Dendrocometes paradoxus Stein, 1852 cell morphology from various gammarid amphipod species in different regions of Ukraine, and those attached to several host body parts of Hyalella azteca collected in two Mexican lakes, was carried out in order to demonstrate the morphological variability, due to the hosts species or their geographical distribution. For hosts species and corporal distribution, no significant differences between the two populations were shown. As the result, it was found the suctorians common for amphipod crustaceans from Ukraine and Mexico all are conspecific and belong to D. paradoxus. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Dovgal, I.V. Mayen-Estrada, R. |
| author_facet |
Dovgal, I.V. Mayen-Estrada, R. |
| author_sort |
Dovgal, I.V. |
| title |
Comparative Morphology of Dendrocometes paradoxus (Ciliophora, Suctorea) from two Distant Regions (Ukraine and Mexico) and Different Host Species |
| title_short |
Comparative Morphology of Dendrocometes paradoxus (Ciliophora, Suctorea) from two Distant Regions (Ukraine and Mexico) and Different Host Species |
| title_full |
Comparative Morphology of Dendrocometes paradoxus (Ciliophora, Suctorea) from two Distant Regions (Ukraine and Mexico) and Different Host Species |
| title_fullStr |
Comparative Morphology of Dendrocometes paradoxus (Ciliophora, Suctorea) from two Distant Regions (Ukraine and Mexico) and Different Host Species |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Comparative Morphology of Dendrocometes paradoxus (Ciliophora, Suctorea) from two Distant Regions (Ukraine and Mexico) and Different Host Species |
| title_sort |
comparative morphology of dendrocometes paradoxus (ciliophora, suctorea) from two distant regions (ukraine and mexico) and different host species |
| publisher |
Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| topic_facet |
Морфология |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/109750 |
| citation_txt |
Comparative Morphology of Dendrocometes paradoxus (Ciliophora, Suctorea) from two Distant Regions (Ukraine and Mexico) and Different Host Species / I.V. Dovgal, R. Mayen-Estrada // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 3. — С. 251-257. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вестник зоологии |
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AT dovgaliv comparativemorphologyofdendrocometesparadoxusciliophorasuctoreafromtwodistantregionsukraineandmexicoanddifferenthostspecies AT mayenestradar comparativemorphologyofdendrocometesparadoxusciliophorasuctoreafromtwodistantregionsukraineandmexicoanddifferenthostspecies |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-07T23:36:31Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-07T23:36:31Z |
| _version_ |
1837033211796914176 |
| fulltext |
UDC 593.176
COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY
OF DENDROCOMETES PARADOXUS (CILIOPHORA, SUCTOREA)
FROM TWO DISTANT REGIONS (UKRAINE AND MEXICO)
AND DIFFERENT HOST SPECIES
I. V. Dovgal1, R. Mayén-Estrada2
1 Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine,
vul. B. Khmelnytskogo, 15, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
E-mail: dovgal@izan.kiev.ua
2 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior s/n. Ciudad Universitaria,
C. P. 04510, México D. F. México
Comparative Morphology of Dendrocometes paradoxus (Ciliophora, Suctorea) from two Distant Regions
(Ukraine and Mexico) and Different Host Species. Dovgal I. V., Mayén-Estrada R. – Comparative anal-
ysis of Dendrocometes paradoxus Stein, 1852 cell morphology from various gammarid amphipod species
in different regions of Ukraine, and those attached to several host body parts of Hyalella azteca collected
in two Mexican lakes, was carried out in order to demonstrate the morphological variability, due to the
hosts species or their geographical distribution. For hosts species and corporal distribution, no significant
differences between the two populations were shown. As the result, it was found the suctorians common
for amphipod crustaceans from Ukraine and Mexico all are conspecific and belong to D. paradoxus.
Key wo rd s: suctorians, Dendrocometes paradoxus, distribution, morphology, variability, hosts, Ukraine,
Mexico.
Ñðàâíèòåëüíàÿ ìîðôîëîãèÿ Dendrocometes paradoxus (Ciliophora, Suctorea) èç óäàë¸ííûõ ðåãèîíîâ
(Óêðàèíà è Ìåêñèêà) è ñ ðàçíûõ âèäîâ õîçÿåâ. Äîâãàëü È. Â., Ìàéåí-Ýñòðàäà Ð. – Ïðèâîäÿòñÿ
ðåçóëüòàòû ñðàâíèòåëüíîãî àíàëèçà ìîðôîëîãèè ñóêòîðèè Dendrocometes paradoxus Stein, 1852 èç
ðàçëè÷íûõ ðåãèîíîâ Óêðàèíû (ñ ðàçíûõ âèäîâ ãàììàðèä) è ñ àìôèïîäû Hyalella azteca, ñîáðàí-
íîé â äâóõ ìåêñèêàíñêèõ îçåðàõ. Ñóùåñòâåííûõ îòëè÷èé ìåæäó îñîáÿìè èíôóçîðèè ñ ðàçíûõ
õîçÿåâ, ïðè ðàçíîé ëîêàëèçàöèè íà òåëå õîçÿåâ, à òàêæå ñâÿçàííûõ ñ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèì ðàñïðîñòðà-
íåíèåì õîçÿåâ, îáíàðóæåíî íå áûëî. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íà àìôèïîäàõ èç ïðåñíûõ âîäî¸ìîâ
Óêðàèíû è Ìåêñèêè îáèòàåò îäèí âèä ñóêòîðèé – D. paradoxus.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: ñóêòîðèè, Dendrocometes paradoxus, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, ìîðôîëîãèÿ, èçìåí-
÷èâîñòü, õîçÿåâà, Óêðàèíà, Ìåêñèêà.
Introduction
The suctorian Dendrocometes paradoxus Stein, 1852 is the type species of the genus Dendrocometes Stein,
1852. This freshwater species is widely distributed in Eurasia. There are some records of D. paradoxus in European
countries as well as from Siberia, Russian Far East and Japan (Jankowski, 2007).
The first record of D. paradoxus in North America was done by Stokes (1888), but no accurate pictori-
al species description from the region was done. Moreover, Jankowski (2007) reported that it is still unknown
if this species really exists in North America. However, Dovgal and Grigorovich (2000) found typical D. para-
doxus on the gills of Gammarus lacustris Sars, 1863 collected from Lake Pyramid, Alberta, Canada and
Eulimnogammarus ischnus (Stebling, 1898) sampled from Detroit River, Ontario, Canada.
According to Jankowski (2007), D. paradoxus is a commensal on gills of various gammarid amphipods
such as Gammarus pulex (Linnaeus, 1758), G. lacustris, G. balcanicus Schäferna, 1922, G. ochridensis (Schäferna,
1926), G. fossarum Koch, 1835, G. ambulans (O. F. Müller, 1846), G. kischineffensis Schellenberg 1937, G. roe-
selii Gervais, 1835, Niphargus puteanus (Koch, 1836), Jesogammarus sp., and Chaetogammarus ischus (Stebling,
1898). Also, in Lake Baikal the species was observed on Eulimnogammarus hyacinthinus (Dybowsky, 1874), Pallasea
sp., and Micrurops sp. (Jankowski, 2007).
There are some observations of Dendrocometes species on the representatives of other amphipod fami-
lies, and the unusual localization of suctorian at the host body in such cases is usually observed. For example,
Dendrocometes sp. was found on the coxal gills of Paramoera myslenkovi Sidorov, 2010 (family Eusiridae Stebbing,
1888) from rivers near Laso, Southern Prymorye, Russia (Sidorov, 2010).
Vestnik zoologii, 47(3): e-47—e-53, 2013
DOI 10.2478/vzoo-2013-0025
Ìîðôîëîãèÿ
Unauthenticated
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Dendrocometes peregrinus Small et Lynn, 1985 was found only once on the North American amphipod
crustaceans Hyalella azteca (Saussure, 1858) (family Dogielinotidae Gurjanova, 1953), Crangonyx forbesi
(Hubricht et Mackin, 1940) and C. obliquus (Hubricht et Mackin, 1940) (family Crangonyctidae Bousfield,
1973) attached to the body tergites (Morado, Small, 1995).
It has been documented that cell size and shape of commensal suctorians varies according to the host
species and localization on their bodies (Matthes, 1954 a, b; Dovgal, 2008; Mariño-Pérez et al., 2011). The
cell size and shape of commensal suctorians was documented to vary depending on the host species and local-
ization on their bodies (Matthes, 1954 a, b; Dovgal, 2008; Mariño-Pérez et al., 2011). Thus, to test these dif-
ferences, we present some data about cell morphology and host distribution in two populations of D. paradoxus,
one Ukrainian and the other Mexican, from different crustacean taxa.
e-48 I. V. Dovgal, R. Mayén-Estrada
Fig. 1. Collecting sites (marked by black spots) of Dendrocometes paradoxus in Ukraine.
Ðèñ. 1. Ïóíêòû ñáîðà Dendrocometes paradoxus íà òåððèòîðèè Óêðàèíû (îáîçíà÷åíû ÷¸ðíûìè òî÷êàìè).
Fig. 2. Collecting sites (marked by black spots) of Dendrocometes paradoxus in Mexico.
Ðèñ. 2. Ïóíêòû ñáîðà Dendrocometes paradoxus íà òåððèòîðèè Ìåêñèêè (îáîçíà÷åíû ÷¸ðíûìè òî÷êàìè).
Unauthenticated
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Material and methods
Ukrainian amphipods were collected in 20 localities (fig. 1) with a mesh net or by manual sampling, and
then sorted on the spot from the living material, fixed and preserved with 4 % formalin. Mexican amphipods
were obtained from two localities (fig. 2) at Michoacán State, Mexico by using a mesh net; some specimens
were fixed with 70 % alcohol and some were maintained alive for observation.
Through fine microscopical observation, the suctorian ciliates were recorded and identified, by using sev-
eral stain techniques such as Harris haematoxylin (Aladro-Lubel et al., 1990).
Measurements were made by means of the ocular micrometer. Statistical analysis was performed with
the aid of PAST 1.92 software (Hammer et al., 2001).
Results and discussion
Ukra in i an spec imens. Dendrocometes paradoxus was found on gills of Gammarus
balcanicus from spring at the right bank of the river Dniester near village Petryliv, and
in the river Suchava near village Shepot of Ivano-Frankivsk Region; on gills of G. lacus-
tris in the lake Khotin near village Radichev and in the lake Verben’ near village
Spasskoe of Chernihiv region, in the river Goryn’ near villages Stavok and Velyki
Tseptsevychi of Rivne Region, in the river Sluch near village Prisluch of Rivne Region,
in the river Oster near Oster of Chernihiv Region, in the river Vovk near urban village
Letychiv of Khmelnytsky Region, in the river Seversky Donets near village Morozivka
of Kharkiv Region; on gills of Gammarus sp. in the river Sluch near village Marinin of
Rivne Region, in the river Kolomak near village Verkholy of Poltava Region, in the stream
near village Krasnolesye, in the stream Karasu-Bashy near village Perevalnoe and in the
stream at the East flank of the Ayu-Dag mountain near urban village Partenit of Crimean
Autonomous Republic, in the lake Nobel’ near village Nobel’ of Rivne Region and on
gills of G. kischineffensis from the river Mala Uhol’ka near village Mala Uhol’ka of
Transcarpathian Region.
The suctorians have hemispherical or rarely flattened up to discal cell body. The
macronucleus is ellipsoidal, centrally located. There is single contractile vacuole. 1—7 ram-
ified tentacles are allocated near body edge.
It should be mentioned that in our material the individual of D. paradoxus with strong-
ly diminished tentacle similar to characteristic marginal tentacles of D. peregrinus was found
from G. lacustris (fig. 3).
Measurements (in μm). Body diameter from 25.0 to 100.0 (mean 56.8 ± 4.1),
macronucleus diameter from 7.0 to 42.0 (mean 21.0 ± 1.91), tentacle length from 20.0
to 92.1 (mean 52.6 ± 3.3).
e-49Comparative morphology of Dendrocometes paradoxus…
Fig. 3. Dendrocometes paradoxus on the gill of Gammarus lacustris. Diminished tentacle is marked by arrow.
Scanning electron microscopy (õ860).
Ðèñ. 3. Dendrocometes paradoxus íà æàáðå Gammarus lacustris. Ðåäóöèðîâàííîå ùóïàëüöå îáîçíà÷åíî ñòðåë-
êîé. Ñêàíèðóþùàÿ ýëåêòðîííàÿ ìèêðîñêîïèÿ (õ860).
Unauthenticated
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Mex i c an s p e c imen s. Dendrocometes paradoxus was found attached to coxae and
pereiopods of Hyalella azteca from Pátzcuaro Lake and Cuitzeo Lake, Michoacán
(fig. 4, a—d).
Unstalked trophonts are hemispherical in outline, in lateral view with a dome-like
shape. With 5—7 wider radiating tentacles, dichotomously branched with digitiform ram-
ifications at their tip. There is a central ovoid macronucleus, one contractile vacuole and
several food vacuoles.
Measurements (in μm). Body diameter from 40.0 to 82.0 (mean 63.2 ± 1.3),
macronucleus diameter from 10.0 to 16.0 (mean 14.2 ± 0.7), tentacle length from 34.8
to 59.2 (mean 51.6 ± 3.7).
e-50 I. V. Dovgal, R. Mayén-Estrada
Fig. 4. Dendrocometes paradoxus attached to Mexican Hyalella azteca: a, b, c – individuals from Cuitzeo lake,
live; d, e – specimens from Pátzcuaro lake, stained with haematoxylin.
Ðèñ. 4. Dendrocometes paradoxus ñ Hyalella azteca èç Ìåêñèêè: a, b, c – æèâûå îñîáè èç îçåðà Êóèòçåî;
d, e – îñîáè èç îçåðà Ïàòñêâàðî, îêðàñêà ãåìàòîêñèëèíîì.
Unauthenticated
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Popu l a t i o n c ompa r i s on. The cell measurements of D. paradoxus from differ-
ent host species are presented in table 1. By comparing the means of morphometric param-
eters of D. paradoxus, with Student’s t-test, showed reliable differences only between means
of the macronucleus diameter (t = 2.51 under ð = 0.02).
The discriminant analysis displayed the overlaps in the two first canonical variables
between the dimensional parameters in D. paradoxus specimens from the two continents
(fig. 5), and demonstrating that dendrocometid suctorians from Ukraine and Mexico are
closely analogous both in body morphology and measurements.
However, morphological and morphometric differences according to the host and
localizations on the host body have been documented in other suctorian species (Matthes,
1954 a, b; Dovgal, 2008, Mariño-Pérez et al., 2011).
In this connection comparisons of the means of dimensional parameters of D. para-
doxus with Student’s t-test, showed reliable differences in means of body diameter
between specimens from G. balcanicus and G. lacustris (t = 3.33 under ð = 0.01) as well
as from G. balcanicus and H. azteca (t = 3.45 under ð = 0.004), and G. kischineffensis
and H. azteca (t = 3.91 under ð = 0.05). However no differences by this parameter were
found between G. lacustris and H. azteca.
e-51Comparative morphology of Dendrocometes paradoxus…
Fig. 5. Scatterplot of canonical scores computed for dimensions of individuals of Dendrocometes paradoxus from
Ukraine and Mexico.
Ðèñ. 5. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå îñîáåé Dendrocometes paradoxus èç Óêðàèíû è Ìåêñèêè â ïðîñòðàíñòâå äâóõ ïåð-
âûõ êàíîíè÷åñêèõ ïåðåìåííûõ.
Ukraine Mexico
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
Root 1
R
oo
t
2
-3,0
-2,5
-2,0
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
Ta b l e 1. Morphometry of D. paradoxus from different host species
Ò à á ëèö à 1. Ðàçìåðíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè D. paradoxus ñ ðàçíûõ âèäîâ õîçÿåâ
Host species Body diameter, μm Macronucleus diameter, μm Length of the tentacles, μm
G. lacustris 25—100.0
(mean 68.9 ± 8.7)
7.0—39.0
(mean 25.7 ± 3.9)
20.0—91.1
(mean 12.9 ± 0.8)
G. balcanicus 26.3—76.3
(mean 50.5 ± 4.5)
7.9—42.1
(mean 19.9 ± 2.2)
23.67—68.38
(mean 48.4 ± 3.0)
G. kischineffensis 43.8—57.9
(mean 51.4 ± 4.1)
11.2—13.8
(mean 12.9 ± 0.8)
36.8—92.1
(mean 66.8 ± 16.0)
H. azteca 40—81,2
(mean 63.2 ± 1.3)
10—16.8
(mean 14.2 ± 0.7)
34.8—59.2
(mean 51.6 ± 3.7)
Unauthenticated
Download Date | 12/9/16 9:08 PM
We found differences in the means of macronucleus diameter between specimens from
G. balcanicus and G. lacustris (t = 2.42 under ð = 0.04), and G. lacustris and H. azteca
(t = 2.65 under ð = 0.03). However no differences by this parameter were found
between G. kischineffensis, G. balcanicus and H. azteca.
Also, we did not find any difference for the length of tentacles in ciliates from all
host species.
Processing the data with a discriminant analysis, the overlaps in the three first canon-
ical variables between the dimensional parameters in D. paradoxus specimens from dif-
ferent hosts were displayed (fig. 6), which means that despite of that this dendrocometid
suctorian is a commensal of a non-gammarid amphipode in an unusual hosts localiza-
tion in the case of Mexico specimens, we have not obtained any statistical difference
between Mexican and Ukrainian dendrocometids.
e-52 I. V. Dovgal, R. Mayén-Estrada
Fig. 6. Scatterplots of canonical scores computed for dimensions of individuals of Dendrocometes paradoxus from
different host species: 1 – Root 1 versus Root 2; 2 – Root 2 versus Root 3; 3 – Root 1 versus Root 3.
Ðèñ. 6. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå îñîáåé Dendrocometes paradoxus ñ ðàçíûõ âèäîâ õîçÿåâ: 1 – â ïðîñòðàíñòâå äâóõ
ïåðâûõ êàíîíè÷åñêèõ ïåðåìåííûõ; 2 – â ïðîñòðàíñòâå âòîðîé è òðåòüåé êàíîíè÷åñêèõ ïåðåìåííûõ;
3 – â ïðîñòðàíñòâå ïåðâîé è òðåòüåé êàíîíè÷åñêèõ ïåðåìåííûõ.
G. balcanicus
G.kischineffensis
G. lacustris
-2,5-2,0-1,5-1,0-0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0
Root 1
R
oo
t
2
R
oo
t
3
R
oo
t
3
-3,5
-3,0
-2,5
-2,0
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Root 2
-3,0
-2,5
-2,0
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
-2,5-2,0-1,5-1,0-0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0
Root 1
-3,0
-2,5
-2,0
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
Unauthenticated
Download Date | 12/9/16 9:08 PM
Mariño-Pérez with co-authors (2011) documented the variability of the suctorian
Discophrya elongata (Claparede et Lachmann, 1859) on different host species with some
ciliate adaptations to certain conditions on the host body, in particular to hydrodynam-
ic properties.
However, D. elongata is a stalked species rising above substrate, whereas D. para-
doxus is a representative of unstalked flattened forms (Dovgal, 2002). It is known that
stalked protists are exposed to two main hydrodynamic loads – shear stress which max-
imally acts at the attachment point, and the integrated force which maximally incidences
at its distal (apical) end (Dovgal, Kochin, 1997; Dovgal, 2000). All the flattened sessile
protists like D. paradoxus are subjected to shear stress only due to be located in the lim-
its of the displacement thickness. Only both increasing of the cell body basal area along
with increasing of the body size were reported as sessile protists adaptations for shear stress
(Dovgal, Kochin, 1997; Dovgal, 2000).
As the result, amphipod crustaceans from Ukraine and Mexico share a suctorian com-
mon species, Dendrocometes paradoxus, attached to different host species, and with a dif-
ferent host corporal distribution.
We conclude that hydrodynamic conditions are not different for D. paradoxus to attach
to various regions of the host body and, in contrast to other species of commensal suc-
torians, its morphological variability is not associated both with habitation at different host
species and with various localizations at the host body.
We would like to express our thanks to DGAPA—PAPIIT—UNAM IN229811 for the funds to obtain sam-
ples from Mexico. Secretaría de Intercambio Académico and DGECI, UNAM, provided to RME support for
a short stay at Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine. From Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, to
M. Vicencio and M. Reyes for their technical support for Mexican samples, and to R. Aguilar for Cuitzeo sam-
ple collection. To M. Hermoso, ICMyL, UNAM for the Mexican amphipod identification.
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Received 11 February 2013
Accepted 20 May 2013
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