Recent attainments of research on plasma physics and technology AT IPJ, Poland
This invited lecture presents the most important achievements of the IPJ team in theoretical- and experimental-studies in the field of plasma physics and technology during recent years. The main efforts concentrated on the development of diagnostic techniques and studies of plasmas in Plasma-Focus (...
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irk-123456789-1107782017-01-07T03:03:31Z Recent attainments of research on plasma physics and technology AT IPJ, Poland Sadowski, M.J. Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction This invited lecture presents the most important achievements of the IPJ team in theoretical- and experimental-studies in the field of plasma physics and technology during recent years. The main efforts concentrated on the development of diagnostic techniques and studies of plasmas in Plasma-Focus (PF) facilities and Multi-Rod Plasma Injectors (RPI). Other efforts concerned diagnostics of fast electrons in selected Tokamaks (CASTOR, ISSTOK, and TORE-SUPRA), fusion protons in TEXTOR, and fusion neutrons in JET (EURATOM). Separate efforts concerned technological applications, e.g. modeling of an IPD accelerator for the material engineering, the use of UHV arc-discharges to deposit superconducting Nb layers on RF cavities and superconducting Pb photo-cathodes in electron injectors (EC CARE). Представлено найбільш важливі досягнення колективу ІЯП у теоретичних і експериментальних дослідженнях в області фізики плазми і технології за останні роки. Основні зусилля були сконцентровані на розробці діагностичної техніки і дослідженнях плазми в плазмових фокусах (ПФ) і багатострижневих плазмових інжекторах. Розвито діагностику швидких електронів на деяких токамаках (CASTOR, ISSTOK, й TORE-SUPRA), термоядерних протонів на TEXTOR та нейтронів синтезу на JET (ЄВРАТОМ). Технологічні прикладення включали моделювання ІПН прискорювача для матеріалознавства, використання надвисоковакуумних дугових розрядів для напилювання надпровідних Nb шарів на РЧ-резонатори і надпровідних Pb фотокатодів для інжекторів електронів (EC CARE). Представлены наиболее важные достижения коллектива ИЯП в теоретических и экспериментальных исследованиях в области физики плазмы и технологии за последние годы. Основные усилия были сконцентрированы на разработке диагностической техники и исследованиях плазмы в плазменных фокусах (ПФ) и многостержневых плазменных инжекторах. Развита диагностика быстрых электронов на некоторых токамаках (CASTOR, ISSTOK, и TORE-SUPRA), термоядерных протонов на TEXTOR и нейтронов синтеза на JET (ЕВРАТОМ). Технологические приложения включали моделирование ИПН ускорителя для материаловедения, использование сверхвысоковакуумных дуговых разрядов для напыления сверхпроводящих Nb слоев на РЧ- резонаторы и сверхпроводящих Pb фотокатодов для инжекторов электронов (EC CARE). 2008 Article Recent attainments of research on plasma physics and technology AT IPJ, Poland / M.J. Sadowski // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2008. — № 6. — С. 90-94. — Бібліогр.: 42 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.50.Dg; 52.58.Lq; 52.59.-f; 52.70.-m; 52.77.-j. http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/110778 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction |
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Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction Sadowski, M.J. Recent attainments of research on plasma physics and technology AT IPJ, Poland Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description |
This invited lecture presents the most important achievements of the IPJ team in theoretical- and experimental-studies in the field of plasma physics and technology during recent years. The main efforts concentrated on the development of diagnostic techniques and studies of plasmas in Plasma-Focus (PF) facilities and Multi-Rod Plasma Injectors (RPI). Other efforts concerned diagnostics of fast electrons in selected Tokamaks (CASTOR, ISSTOK, and TORE-SUPRA), fusion protons in TEXTOR, and fusion neutrons in JET (EURATOM). Separate efforts concerned technological applications, e.g. modeling of an IPD accelerator for the material engineering, the use of UHV arc-discharges to deposit superconducting Nb layers on RF cavities and superconducting Pb photo-cathodes in electron injectors (EC CARE). |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Sadowski, M.J. |
| author_facet |
Sadowski, M.J. |
| author_sort |
Sadowski, M.J. |
| title |
Recent attainments of research on plasma physics and technology AT IPJ, Poland |
| title_short |
Recent attainments of research on plasma physics and technology AT IPJ, Poland |
| title_full |
Recent attainments of research on plasma physics and technology AT IPJ, Poland |
| title_fullStr |
Recent attainments of research on plasma physics and technology AT IPJ, Poland |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Recent attainments of research on plasma physics and technology AT IPJ, Poland |
| title_sort |
recent attainments of research on plasma physics and technology at ipj, poland |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2008 |
| topic_facet |
Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/110778 |
| citation_txt |
Recent attainments of research on plasma physics and technology AT IPJ, Poland / M.J. Sadowski // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2008. — № 6. — С. 90-94. — Бібліогр.: 42 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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AT sadowskimj recentattainmentsofresearchonplasmaphysicsandtechnologyatipjpoland |
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2025-07-08T01:06:45Z |
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2025-07-08T01:06:45Z |
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1837038889239314432 |
| fulltext |
PLASMA DYNAMICS AND PLASMA WALL INTERACTION
RECENT ATTAINMENTS OF RESEARCH
ON PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY AT IPJ, POLAND
M.J. Sadowski1,2
1) The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (IPJ), 05-400 Otwock-Swierk, Poland;
2) Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM), 00-908 Warsaw, Poland,
E-mail: msadowski@ipj.gov.pl
This invited lecture presents the most important achievements of the IPJ team in theoretical- and experimental-studies
in the field of plasma physics and technology during recent years. The main efforts concentrated on the development of
diagnostic techniques and studies of plasmas in Plasma-Focus (PF) facilities and Multi-Rod Plasma Injectors (RPI).
Other efforts concerned diagnostics of fast electrons in selected Tokamaks (CASTOR, ISSTOK, and TORE-SUPRA),
fusion protons in TEXTOR, and fusion neutrons in JET (EURATOM). Separate efforts concerned technological
applications, e.g. modeling of an IPD accelerator for the material engineering, the use of UHV arc-discharges to deposit
superconducting Nb layers on RF cavities and superconducting Pb photo-cathodes in electron injectors (EC CARE).
PACS: 52.50.Dg; 52.58.Lq; 52.59.-f; 52.70.-m; 52.77.-j.
1. INTRODUCTION
Studies of hot plasmas have been performed at the
Soltan Institute (initially IBJ, now IPJ) in Swierk n.
Warsaw since mid 50s. Now these studies are carried out
at the Dept. of Plasma Physics & Technology (P-V) in
collaboration with the Institute of Plasma Physics and
Laser Microfusion (IPPLM) in Warsaw, and foreign labs
in Cadarache, Culham, Kharkov, Juelich, and Praque. The
most important results of those studies were presented at
many international conferences, including those at
Alushta [1-3]. The main aim of this lecture was to report
on progress in plasma studies during recent two years.
In the recent years the main research activities of
Dept. P-V concerned studies of phenomena in dense
magnetized plasmas, development of methods for high-
temperature plasma diagnostics (mainly for EURATOM
program), and a research on new plasma technologies,
e.g. the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) arc-technique, and on
the optimization of the IPD plasma accelerator.
2. STUDIES OF X-RAYS AND PARTICLES
BEAMS IN PF-TYPE DEVICES
Experimental studies of PF-type discharges have
been performed with three different facilities: MAJA-PF
and PF-360 devices at IPJ in Swierk, and a large PF-1000
facility at IPPLM in Warsaw [1-2]. Since 2006 the
important task has been a study of X-ray pulses
correlations with pulsed electron- and other corpuscular-
beams. The analysis of the ion- and electron-beams, as
well as of 2.45-MeV neutron pulses from MAJA-PF and
PF-360 devices, was presented in a PhD thesis [4]. It was
shown that these emissions depend strongly on physical
processes in a PF-pinch column. Another task concerned
the elaboration of results obtained from previous studies
of the X-ray emission in MAJA-PF facility. Studies of
He-like Ar-lines were performed using a collisional-
radiative model, taking into account strong electric fields
and high electron densities in “hot-spots” [5]. Intensities
of the resonance, inter-combination, and forbidden lines
were computed. It was shown that the computed spectral
lines are similar to the ArXVII lines recorded in the
experiments, as shown in Fig. 1.
Fig.1. Profiles of ArXVII (He-like) lines computed from
the collisional-radiative model with the self-absorption
for different plasma parameters [5]
In a frame of another task, detailed measurements of
the X-ray spectra were undertaken with a new XEUV
spectrometer, which is operated in a 12-72 nm range [6].
3. STUDIES OF X-RAYS AND FAST
E-BEAMS IN TOKAMAKS
Analyses of problems connected with measurements
of fast electron beams in the TORE-SUPRA facility at
CEA-Cadarache, as performed by the IPJ team in the
previous years, made possible to design a new 4-channel
Cherenkov-type detector, shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Arrangement of diamond radiators and optical
fibres in a Cerenkov-type detector for TORE-SUPRA
The construction and appropriate selection of
constructional materials ensured a good transfer of heat
deposited upon the Cherenkov-probe. To reduce a thermal
load the French team at the CEA-Cadarache prepared a
special mobile shaft, which will enable the Cherenkov-
probe to be exposed for short periods only, but several
times during a single discharge. Tests of the whole
Cherenkov-probe are to be performed in 2008.
To get experience in fast electron measurements the
IPJ team constructed a new Cerenkov head, adopted
90 PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2008. № 6.
Series: Plasma Physics (14), p. 90-94.
Shield
Optical fibers Diamond radiators
mailto:msadowski@ipj.gov.pl
especially for experiments in small tokamaks. That head,
was installed and used at the CASTOR facility at IPP in
Prague. Cherenkov signals, which were recorded with the
temporal resolution of 1 µs, were compared and analyzed
[7]. Electron measurements, which were carried out at
different toroidal magnetic fields ranging from 0.8 T to
1.4 T, and at the plasma discharge currents varied from 5
kA to 15 kA, showed that the character of the signals
depends very strongly on the detector position and plasma
density. The obtained results confirmed that the
Cherenkov signals, recorded in CASTOR facility, were
induced by fast electron streams of energy >50 keV [7-9].
Since in 2008 the TORE-SUPRA facility was not
ready for Cherenkov measurements, the IPJ team
accepted an invitation from the IST in Lisboa in a frame
of the EURATOM collaboration. A new Cherenkov-type
probe was installed in the ISSTOK facility, and electron
measurements were carried out, as shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Time–resolved electron signals from the
Cherenkov-detector placed inside ISSTOC chamber [10]
4. APPLICATION OF TRACK DETECTORS
FOR STUDIES OF FUSION-PROTONS IN PF
Another task concerned research on the emission of
3-MeV protons from discharges in PF-1000 and PF-360
devices. For time-integrated angular- and spatial-
measurements of the fusion protons the use was made of
miniature pinhole cameras equipped with PM-355 track
detectors [11]. The first set of such cameras was used for
measurements of the fusion protons in the vertical plane
at different angles Θ to the z-axis, and the second set was
situated at different azimuthal angles γ around the z-axis.
The irradiated detectors were etched and analyzed
with an optical microscope. Those measurements made it
possible to obtain images of the fusion reactions, as well
as to determine angular distributions and numbers of
fusion protons. Some proton images are shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Pinhole images of plasma micro-regions emitting
the fusion protons, as measured at chosen angles around
the discharge axis in PF-360 experiment [12]
Detailed analyses showed that the proton images at
different γ angles differ considerably, and it might be
explained by the appearance of so-called current filaments
(and strong local magnetic fields) inside the PF pinch.
Since in many PF experiments there were observed
two fusion–neutron bursts emitted from a single PF
discharge, it has been suspected that the first neutron
pulse might be partially produced by the thermonuclear
mechanism, while and the second pulse is rather caused
by beam-target interactions of high-energy deuterons.
Energy spectra of fusion protons can be determined from
histograms of the recorded track diameters taking into
account detector calibration diagrams [13]. An example of
the measured energy spectrum is shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Histogram of proton tracks vs. proton energy [13]
5. CALIBRATION AND APPLICATIONS OF
NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTORS
Calibration measurements of nuclear track detectors
(NTD) have been continued at IPJ for several years.
Samples were irradiated with mono-energetic protons and
analyzed with a microscope to determine track diameters
as a function of proton energy and etching time. The
calibrated detectors were used to measure 3 MeV fusion
reaction protons emitted from the TEXTOR tokamak in
Juelich, and to study characteristics of high energy proton
beams emitted from laser produced plasmas in Palaiseau.
Measurements within TEXTOR were carried out by
means of a small ion pinhole camera, equipped with a
detector and placed below the plasma ring, with an input
oriented in the ion-drift direction [14]. That detector was
irradiated with protons during discharges supplied by
ICRF (2 MW) and NBI (1.3 MW). Unfortunately, the
detector showed a low track density, because the fusion
neutron (and proton) emission amounted to ~1012
neutrons/day only. Therefore, it was not possible to
measure the track distribution upon the whole detector
surface. Nevertheless, histograms of track diameters were
determined [15]. The proton energy spectrum, which was
obtained from those measurements, is presented in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Energy spectrum obtained on the basis of proton
track diameter histogram, as measured in TEXTOR [14]
In experiments performed with the LULI 100-TW
laser facility, a 15-J/350-fs pulse irradiated a 1-3 μm PS-
10 µm
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target or that covered with a thin (< 0.2 μm) Au-layer.
The laser pulse intensity on the target was 2·1019 W/cm2.
Proton beams were measured with ion collectors, NTD
and radio-chromic films. It was shown that laser-
irradiated targets can emit very intense proton beams
(MA currents and TA/cm2 current densities).
6. APPLICATION OF ACTIVATION
METHOD FOR NEUTRON STUDIES
To test possibility of using new materials for multi-
foil neutron activation measurements, some dedicated
experiments were performed with the PF-1000 facility
used as a source of neutron pulses [16]. Other tests were
carried out within JET facility in Culham. It was shown
that, apart from indium, other materials (such as 89Y, 167Er,
204Pb, 180Hf, 111Cd), which have a suitable high reaction
threshold and a large reaction cross-section in the energy
range (0.5–16 MeV), can also be used for measurements
delivering more accurate information about fusion-
produced neutrons [17]. Those materials have not been
used for activation measurements earlier because they
produce some short-living nuclides. To investigate them
the IPJ-IPPLM team proposed modifications of the JET
activation system. It was tested in summer 2008.
7. STUDIES OF PLASMA DISCHARGES
BY MEANS OF OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY
In 2007 there was finished the elaboration of papers
on studies performed within PF-1000 facility, e.g. on
interactions of pulsed plasma streams with different solid
targets (e.g. C-W ones). Results of those studies were
reported in papers presented at the international
conference PLASMA-2007 [18-19]. Examples of the
recorded spectra are shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Time-resolved spectroscopic studies of plasma-
streams interaction with a C+W target in PF-1000
Particular efforts were devoted to the application of
optical spectroscopy methods to investigations of pulsed
plasma streams generated in the RPI-IBIS device, which
is used for studies in the field of material engineering A
separate task was the detailed study of different
operational modes in the RPI-IBIS facility, which was
performed in a frame of the Polish-Ukrainian scientific
collaboration and reported at SAPP-2007 [20]. Analyses
of results obtained from spectroscopic measurements of
plasma, which was produced by the bombardment of a
tungsten target with laser beams, were reported in papers
presented at PPLA-2007 [21-22].
There was also performed an experiment with
plasma produced in the MAJA-PF facility equipped with
a central electrode containing a W-insert. The main aim
was to investigate a spectrum of the visible radiation
emitted from dense plasma containing W-ions. An
analysis of the recorded optical spectra was reported at
PLASMA-2007 [23]. Examples of the recorded spectra
are shown in Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Comparison of a spectrum from laser-target
experiment (upper curve), with that measured in PF-
MAJA (lower curve), and W-lines taken from NIST [23]
In 2007 the IPJ team performed also new series of
spectroscopic measurements at IPPLM to investigate the
interaction of pulsed YAG-laser beams with solid targets
made of different materials (C, W and Ti), which are of
interest for fusion reactors (e.g. ITER). The C-target was
taken from the TEXTOR in Juelich, and the aim was to
study efficiency of a removal of deuterium absorbed in
that material during previous discharges. There were also
performed observations of the erosion of a W-target [24],
and the deuterium desorption from a Ti-target, which was
previously saturated with that gas [25].
8. STUDIES OF PLASMA DISCHARGES
BY MEANS OF CORPUSCULAR DIAGNOSTICS
In 2007 there was finished the calibration of PM-355
track detectors for low-energy deuterons (from 30 keV to
about 500 keV) [26]. In a frame of further studies
particular attention was paid to measurements of pulsed
streams of hydrogen- and deuterium-plasmas by means of
ion pinhole cameras (equipped with PM-355 and different
absorption Al-filters), as well as Thomson-type mass- and
energy-analyzers. Spatial and energetic distributions of
pulsed plasma-ion streams were investigated particularly
in the RPI-IBIS facility. In addition to the previous
calibrations for deuterons, there were studied responses of
the PM-355 track detectors to low-energy protons (from
30 keV to about 500 keV). In the subsequent research,
using the determined calibration diagrams, it was possible
to investigate energy distributions of the proton beams.
Results of those studies were reported in two papers,
which have been presented at the IC SSD-15 [27-28].
There were also continued measurements with a
miniature Thomson-type analyzer, which might be
applied for mass- and energy-analysis of ions inside
vacuum chambers of different experimental facilities. To
check the operation of that miniature analyzer, there were
performed measurements of the plasma-ions within the
RPI-IBIS facility [29], as shown are shown in Fig. 9.
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
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060608 12 6056 texp=10us, tdel=16us, p=3.5 Tr D2 27kV, z=30cm, target W3 (Counts)
060608 18 6062 texp=10us, tdel=26us, p=3.5 Tr D2 27kV, z=30cm, target W3 (Counts)
060608 19 6063 texp=10us, tdel=36us, p=3.5 Tr D2 27kV, z=30cm, target W3 (Counts)
060608 20 6064 texp=20us, tdel=46us, p=3.5 Tr D2 27kV, z=30cm, target W3 (Counts)
wavelength, nm
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Laser, pure W WI spectr. data
WII spectr. data
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9
Fig. 9. Proton- and impurity-ions parabolas recorded
with the miniature Thomson analyzer [29]
9. RESEARCH ON PLASMA STREAMS AND
THEIR INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS
In a frame of this task there was performed a detailed
analysis of experimental results from measurements of
pulsed plasma streams, which were carried out previously
within the PF-1000 facility. Particular attention was paid
to measurements of pulsed beams of fast electrons
(emitted mostly in the upstream direction, i.e. towards the
anode) and fast ions (emitted mainly along the z-axis), as
well as their correlations with fusion-produced neutrons.
The most important result of that analysis was the
conclusion that inside a dense magnetized plasma (DMP)
there are formed miniature plasma diodes, which cause
the acceleration of electrons and ions (in opposite
directions). The second conclusion was that the neutron
production is caused mainly by interactions of fast
deuteron beams with dense plasma [30].
10. STUDY OF CURRENT FILAMENTS
IN PF EXPERIMENTS
Basing on experimental results, as collected with
different PF facilities at IPJ, IPPLM and several foreign
laboratories, there was performed a detailed analysis of
various physical issues of research on DMP phenomena.
Different phases of PF-type discharges were analyzed. In
the breakdown- and formation-phases of a current sheath,
attention was paid to plasma non-uniformities and current
filaments. In the next phase (the axial acceleration)
particular attention was paid to cases when distinct quasi-
radial filaments were observed in the inter-electrode gap
and to the fact that such phenomena cannot be described
by 2D MHD-models. In the third phase (i.e. the radial
compression) there were also observed the intense current
filaments, which may exist even during the maximal
compression of the plasma column, as shown in Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. X-ray pinhole picture of a PF pinch and the 3D
intensity-diagram showing the distinct current filaments
There were also considered so-called hot-spots and
(connected with them) emissions of X-ray pulses as well
as pulsed beams of fast electrons and ions. Simple models
of the filamentary structure of a plasma column and
connected physical effects were considered, and results of
that analysis were presented in at the 28th ICPIG [31-32].
Analyses of the filamentation in PF-discharges were also
presented at ICDMP [33-34] and SPPT [35].
11. MODELING OF IPD ACCELERATOR
The IPD (Impulse Plasma Deposition) process is used
for surface modifications of different materials, e.g.
coating with oxides, diamond-like C, TiN or multi-
component metallic layers. To improve the understanding
of this process the computational studies of plasma flow
phenomena have been performed using an MHD
approach. Equations have been solved numerically for the
chosen experimental conditions. It was shown that the
current sheath spreads both in the inter-electrode gap and
at the electrode outlet. Due to high electrical fields in
front of the electrode ends, there is generated an electron
stream which induces strong erosion of the inner electrode
surface (emitting metal ions). Results of the computations
showed considerable differences in the process dynamics
for negative and positive polarization of the central
electrode [36-37]. Conditions for mixing of materials
from the electrode and working gas were analyzed.
12. DEPOSITION OF SUPERCONDUCTING
FILMS BY MEANS OF UHV ARC METHOD
In a frame of another technology-oriented task there
were continued experimental and theoretical studies of
UHV arc discharges. An experimental UHV facility
equipped with a cylindrical Nb cathode was assembled. It
was equipped with a neutral-gas flow-chamber and used
for deposition of thin superconducting Nb layers upon
inner walls of RF accelerator cavities (made of pure Cu).
Single copper cavities, delivered from the CEA-Saclay,
were coated inside Nb-layers, and test coating of a 3-cell
cavity was performed [38-39], as shown in Fig. 11.
Laboratory tests have however shown that the
adhesion of the deposited layers is too low to withstand
high-pressure water rinsing (HPR at 107 Pa), and it must
still be improved. Detailed measurements of Nb/sapphire
samples showed an increase in bias voltage (i.e. ion
energy) improves the film hardness. At the -70 V bias the
RRR value achieved value of 44. Some samples, which
were earlier treated chemically, could withstand HPR.
Fig. 11. UHV linear-arc facility and end-on view of a test
3-cell cavity coated with Nb
Separate efforts concerned the deposition of pure Pb
(upon Nb) for photo-cathodes in SRF electron injectors.
An influence of micro-droplets on the photo-emission
quantum efficiency (QE) was investigated [40] and
measurements (performed in foreign labs) showed that it
is possible to obtain high QE [41-42].
13. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The recent achievements of the IPJ team have been
reported. Correlations of pulsed e-beams with other
emissions were studied in more details. There were
performed measurements of fast electrons in tokamaks
(CASTOR and ISSTOK) with Cherenkov detectors, and
studies of fusion-protons in PF- and Tokamak-discharges
by means track detectors. Activation methods for neutron
measurements were improved and detailed studies of
pulsed plasma-ion streams (during their free propagation
and interactions with different targets) as well as studies
of current filaments in PF discharges were carried out. In
technology-oriented research the recent achievements
concerned the UHV-arc deposition of superconducting
Nb-layers inside RF accelerator cavities, and that of
superconducting Pb photo-cathodes in electron injectors.
The described attainments are documented by
numerous publications (see IPJ web pages and Annual
Reports). Many studies were and are performed in the
collaboration with different foreign research centers. The
IPJ team can continue studies in a frame of EURATOM
and EuCARD programs, as well as bilateral agreements.
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Article received 22.09.08.
ПОСЛЕДНИЕ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ В ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ
ПО ФИЗИКЕ ПЛАЗМЫ И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ИЯП, ПОЛЬША
М. Садовский
Представлены наиболее важные достижения коллектива ИЯП в теоретических и экспериментальных
исследованиях в области физики плазмы и технологии за последние годы. Основные усилия были
сконцентрированы на разработке диагностической техники и исследованиях плазмы в плазменных фокусах
(ПФ) и многостержневых плазменных инжекторах. Развита диагностика быстрых электронов на некоторых
токамаках (CASTOR, ISSTOK, и TORE-SUPRA), термоядерных протонов на TEXTOR и нейтронов синтеза на
JET (ЕВРАТОМ). Технологические приложения включали моделирование ИПН ускорителя для
материаловедения, использование сверхвысоковакуумных дуговых разрядов для напыления сверхпроводящих
Nb слоев на РЧ- резонаторы и сверхпроводящих Pb фотокатодов для инжекторов электронов (EC CARE).
ОСТАННІ ДОСЯГНЕННЯ В ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ
ПО ФІЗИЦІ ПЛАЗМИ І ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В ІЯП, ПОЛЬЩА
М. Садовський
Представлено найбільш важливі досягнення колективу ІЯП у теоретичних і експериментальних дослідженнях
в області фізики плазми і технології за останні роки. Основні зусилля були сконцентровані на розробці
діагностичної техніки і дослідженнях плазми в плазмових фокусах (ПФ) і багатострижневих плазмових
інжекторах. Розвито діагностику швидких електронів на деяких токамаках (CASTOR, ISSTOK, й TORE-
SUPRA), термоядерних протонів на TEXTOR та нейтронів синтезу на JET (ЄВРАТОМ). Технологічні
прикладення включали моделювання ІПН прискорювача для матеріалознавства, використання
надвисоковакуумних дугових розрядів для напилювання надпровідних Nb шарів на РЧ-резонатори і
надпровідних Pb фотокатодів для інжекторів електронів (EC CARE).
M.J. Sadowski1,2
1) The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (IPJ), 05-400 Otwock-Swierk, Poland;
29.K. Czaus et al.//AIP CP. 2008, v. 993, 159-162.
М. Садовский
М. Садовський
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