Optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated Ar solids

Electronically-induced desorption from solid Ar pre-irradiated by a low-energy electron beam was investigated by activation spectroscopy methods—photon-stimulated exoelectron emission and photon-stimulated luminescence in combination with spectrally-resolved measurements in the VUV range of the...

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Автори: Gumenchuk, G.B., Khyzhniy, I.V., Ponomaryov, A.N., Bludov, M.À., Uyutnov, S.À., Belov, A.G., Savchenko, E.V., Bondybey, V.E.
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Опубліковано: Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України 2008
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Цитувати:Optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated Ar solids / G.B. Gumenchuk, I.V. Khyzhniy, A.N. Ponomaryov, M.À. Bludov, S.À. Uyutnov, A.G. Belov, E.V. Savchenko, V.E. Bondybey // Физика низких температур. — 2008. — Т. 34, № 3. — С. 309–313. — Бібліогр.: 23 назв. — англ.

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spelling irk-123456789-1168562017-05-17T03:03:41Z Optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated Ar solids Gumenchuk, G.B. Khyzhniy, I.V. Ponomaryov, A.N. Bludov, M.À. Uyutnov, S.À. Belov, A.G. Savchenko, E.V. Bondybey, V.E. Кpаткие сообщения Electronically-induced desorption from solid Ar pre-irradiated by a low-energy electron beam was investigated by activation spectroscopy methods—photon-stimulated exoelectron emission and photon-stimulated luminescence in combination with spectrally-resolved measurements in the VUV range of the spectrum. Desorption of vibrationally excited argon molecules Ar₂ *(ν) from the surface of pre-irradiated solid Ar was observed for the first time. It was shown that desorption of «hot» Ar₂ *(ν) molecules is caused by recombination of self-trapped holes with electrons released from traps by visible-range photons. The possibility of optical stimulation of the phenomenon is evidenced. 2008 Article Optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated Ar solids / G.B. Gumenchuk, I.V. Khyzhniy, A.N. Ponomaryov, M.À. Bludov, S.À. Uyutnov, A.G. Belov, E.V. Savchenko, V.E. Bondybey // Физика низких температур. — 2008. — Т. 34, № 3. — С. 309–313. — Бібліогр.: 23 назв. — англ. 0132-6414 PACS: 79.20.La;72.20.Jv;79.75.+g http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/116856 en Физика низких температур Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection DSpace DC
language English
topic Кpаткие сообщения
Кpаткие сообщения
spellingShingle Кpаткие сообщения
Кpаткие сообщения
Gumenchuk, G.B.
Khyzhniy, I.V.
Ponomaryov, A.N.
Bludov, M.À.
Uyutnov, S.À.
Belov, A.G.
Savchenko, E.V.
Bondybey, V.E.
Optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated Ar solids
Физика низких температур
description Electronically-induced desorption from solid Ar pre-irradiated by a low-energy electron beam was investigated by activation spectroscopy methods—photon-stimulated exoelectron emission and photon-stimulated luminescence in combination with spectrally-resolved measurements in the VUV range of the spectrum. Desorption of vibrationally excited argon molecules Ar₂ *(ν) from the surface of pre-irradiated solid Ar was observed for the first time. It was shown that desorption of «hot» Ar₂ *(ν) molecules is caused by recombination of self-trapped holes with electrons released from traps by visible-range photons. The possibility of optical stimulation of the phenomenon is evidenced.
format Article
author Gumenchuk, G.B.
Khyzhniy, I.V.
Ponomaryov, A.N.
Bludov, M.À.
Uyutnov, S.À.
Belov, A.G.
Savchenko, E.V.
Bondybey, V.E.
author_facet Gumenchuk, G.B.
Khyzhniy, I.V.
Ponomaryov, A.N.
Bludov, M.À.
Uyutnov, S.À.
Belov, A.G.
Savchenko, E.V.
Bondybey, V.E.
author_sort Gumenchuk, G.B.
title Optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated Ar solids
title_short Optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated Ar solids
title_full Optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated Ar solids
title_fullStr Optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated Ar solids
title_full_unstemmed Optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated Ar solids
title_sort optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated ar solids
publisher Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України
publishDate 2008
topic_facet Кpаткие сообщения
url http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/116856
citation_txt Optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated Ar solids / G.B. Gumenchuk, I.V. Khyzhniy, A.N. Ponomaryov, M.À. Bludov, S.À. Uyutnov, A.G. Belov, E.V. Savchenko, V.E. Bondybey // Физика низких температур. — 2008. — Т. 34, № 3. — С. 309–313. — Бібліогр.: 23 назв. — англ.
series Физика низких температур
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fulltext Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2008, v. 34, No. 3, p. 309–313 Short Notes Optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated Ar solids G.B. Gumenchuk1,2, I.V. Khyzhniy1, A.N. Ponomaryov2, M.À. Bludov1, S.À. Uyutnov1, A.G. Belov1, E.V. Savchenko1, and V.E. Bondybey2 1 B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 47 Lenin Ave., Kharkov 61103, Ukraine E-mail: savchenko@ilt.kharkov.ua 2 Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II TU München, 4 Lichtenbergstraße, Garching 85747, Germany Received September 5, 2007 Electronically-induced desorption from solid Ar pre-irradiated by a low-energy electron beam was in- vestigated by activation spectroscopy methods — photon-stimulated exoelectron emission and photon-stim- ulated luminescence in combination with spectrally-resolved measurements in the VUV range of the spec- trum. Desorption of vibrationally excited argon molecules Ar 2 �( )� from the surface of pre-irradiated solid Ar was observed for the first time. It was shown that desorption of «hot» Ar 2 �( )� molecules is caused by recombi- nation of self-trapped holes with electrons released from traps by visible-range photons. The possibility of optical stimulation of the phenomenon is evidenced. PACS: 79.20.La Photon- and electron-stimulated desorption; 72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping; 79.75.+g Exoelectron emission. Keywords: photon stimulated desorption, electron stimulated desorption, exoelectron emission. 1. Introduction Desorption from rare gas crystals has been studied un- der excitation by ions [1,2], electrons [3,4] and photons [5,6]. Desorbing particles are ground state atoms, excited atoms, excited molecules and ionic species. Desorption stimulated by electronic excitation of the crystal was first observed in experiments on the diffraction of slow elec- trons [7]. The basis of this phenomenon is the conversion of electronic excitation energy into kinetic energy of at- oms caused by the localization of excitations near the sur- face of the crystal. When a rare gas solid (RGS) is irradiated by ionizing radiation with excitation energy higher than the forbidden energy gap, electron-hole pairs are produced. Electrons behave like free particles in RGS (except He), while holes are self-trapped in a short period of time — 10–12 s [8]. Let us consider the desorption from RGS on the exam- ple of solid Ar. Excimer molecules in Ar lattice are pro- duced due to self-trapping of excitons or due to recombi- nation of self-trapped holes with electrons followed by the formation of self-trapped excitons. The transition of the excited molecule to the repulsive part of the ground state term is accompanied by emission of the broad M-band with a maximum at 9.7 eV: Ar2 + + e � Ar2 � � Ar + Ar + �E + h� (9.7 eV). This recombination reaction of self-trapped holes with electrons stimulates the desorption of Ar atoms from solid Ar to the vacuum. The energy �E released in this process is approximately 1 eV (~0.5 eV per atom). This value is enough for an atom to overcome the energy barrier and es- cape from the sample to the vacuum in case recombina- tion occurs on the surface of the crystal — the excimer dissociation mechanism of desorption [9,10]. Excited Ar atoms desorb from the surface of solid Ar because of repulsive interaction between an excited elec- tron and surrounding atoms of a regular lattice caused by negative electron affinity of crystalline Ar [8] — the so-called «cavity-ejection» mechanism [9]. The partial contribution of excited atoms to the desorption was dis- tinguished in [4,6] and was shown to be stimulated by di- rect generation of excitons in the crystal. In [11] a mecha- © G.B. Gumenchuk, I.V. Khyzhniy, A.N. Ponomaryov, M.À. Bludov, S.À. Uyutnov, A.G. Belov, E.V. Savchenko, and V.E. Bondybey, 2008 nism of desorption of excited atoms from solid Ar under low-energy electron beam excitation was discussed. Ex- periments were performed using luminescence VUV spectroscopy. It was shown that nonthermalised excitons play the main role in the transport of excitation energy to the surface. The desorption of «hot» molecules from rare gas sol- ids was observed before only during excitation of the crystals. Electronically induced desorption of vibratio- nally hot molecules from surfaces of solid Ar [12] and Ne [13,14] was identified by observation of luminescence stemming from a plume of sputtered particles under exci- tation. Excimer desorption from solid Ar under selective excitation in the range of 10–35 eV was studied in [15]. Excitation spectra of the W-band demonstrated that pri- mary creation of excitonic states is necessary for ejection of Ar excimers and electron-hole recombination stimu- lates this process as well. The formation of excimers is caused by the self-trapping of excitons in the lattice due to exciton-phonon interaction. Desorption of hot mole- cules Ar 2 �( )� from solid Ar can occur via different mecha- nisms. First one is the «cavity–ejection» mechanism ope- rating in RGS with negative electron affinity [8,9]. In solid Ar it causes repulsion between excited particles and surrounding atoms of regular lattice. Therefore a cavity around Ar2 � is formed. Thus excimers formed on the sur- face of the sample are pushed out to the vacuum. Another mechanism is concerned with lattice rearrangements in the vicinity of excimer. Appearance of the dimer in the in- terstitial position is followed by its shift along the n direc- tion in the lattice. The electronic excitation energy is transferred to a specific motion of the dimer. This motion can result in desorption of excimer when the described process occurs on the surface. The energy needed for such dimer motion can also be released in the lattice in the course of the vibronic relaxation. A theoretical investiga- tion [16] showed that in a system with strong local vib- ration the energy release proceeds in a jump-like mul- tiphonon process. In case of pre-irradiated rare gas solids initial states of relaxation cascades are self-trapped holes in molecu- lar-type configuration Rg2 +and trapped electrons. It was found recently in a molecular dynamics study of energy transfer in solid Ar that the energy can be transferred over long distances from the excitation site [17]. Desorption of atoms in the ground state induced by charge recombina- tion in the bulk of the crystal can take place via the so-called crowdion mechanism, suggested in [18] to ex- plain anomalous low-temperature desorption of Ar atoms from solid Ar pre-irradiated by an electron beam. Crowdions are non-linear waves of atomic displace- ments, which propagate through the crystal to compara- tively long distances (~100 of lattice constants). These quasi-particles can exist in solid Ar, as was shown in [19], and can take part in the desorption of atoms from the sam- ple transmitting energy to the sample surface. The authors calculated the energy needed for the creation of crowdion to be 0.3 eV, which is lower than that released due to the radiative decay of the excited dimer Ar2 � . This process is the main stimulating factor for desorption of Ar atoms at temperatures much lower than the characteristic sublima- tion temperature for solid Ar (30 K). In this article we present the first observation of a nontrivial post-irradiation phenomenon — desorption of vibrationally «hot» excimers Ar2 * from solid Ar pre-irra- diated by an electron beam. 2. Experiment Before the experiment the gas inlet system was pumped and degassed by heating under pumping. The samples were condensed from the gas phase under iso- baric conditions (P = 10–7 mbar) on a metal substrate cooled by a closed-cycle 2-stage Leybold RGD 580 cryo- stat to the temperature 9 K. High purity Ar (99,999%) was used. The base pressure in the vacuum chamber was 5�10–8 mbar. A typical sample thickness was 100 �m. The samples were irradiated with an electron beam to generate electron-hole pairs. We used electrons of 500 eV energy and the current density of 30 �Acm–2. The dose of irradia- tion was increased with exposure time. To register cathodoluminescence spectra of solid Ar a VUV monochromator was used. We performed spectrally resolved measurements in the VUV range to detect emis- sion from the bulk of the crystal and from the desorbing particles. The measurements of luminescence intensity were performed in a photon-counting mode. After the irra- diation was finished the yields of afterglow and after- emission of electrons were measured. The emission of electrons from pre-irradiated samples was detected with an Au-coated Faraday plate kept at a small positive potential +9 V. It was positioned in front of the sample at the dis- tance of 10mm. The current from the Faraday plate was amplified by a FEMTO DLPCA 100 current amplifier. For experiments on photon stimulated exoelectron emission we used a Coherent 899-05 dye laser pumped with an Ar-ion laser and tuned to 633 nm wavelength. The power of the laser beam was 4 mW. The sample heating under laser light did not exceed 0.5 K. In photo-induced recombination luminescence experiments a vacuum monochromator was tuned to the wavelength correspond- ing to the W-band of solid Ar. Then the pre-irradiated sample was exposed to a He–Ne laser beam of 4 mW power and 632,8 nm wavelength. 3. Results and discussion During irradiation of the samples of solid Ar by an electron beam the spectra of cathodoluminescence were 310 Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2008, v. 34, No. 3 G.B. Gumenchuk et al. recorded. The luminescence spectrum of nominally pure solid Ar under irradiation with an electron beam consists of features that originate from the bulk and surface-re- lated features. The most intense luminescence is caused by the radiative decay of molecular-type self-trapped excitons Ar2 � in the bulk of the sample. This broad so-called M-band is formed due to transitions of excimers from 1 3, � u � states to the ground state 1 � g � and its intensity is much higher than that of other features in the spectrum. In Fig. 1 the cathodoluminescence spectrum of solid Ar in the range of interest (10.7–11.8 eV) under irradiation by low-energy electrons is presented. The well-known M-band is not shown here. Band c is ascribed to atomic-type excitons self-trapped on defect sites in the bulk of the sample and is analog to the 3P2 � 1S0 transi- tion in the free Ar atom. The sharp line b is emitted by the excited Ar* atoms desorbed from the surface of the sam- ple to the vacuum in 3P1 state. It is due to a transition to the ground state 3P1 � 1S0. The line corresponding to transition 1P1 � 1S0 is too weak in this case. The intensity distribution between transitions from the 3P1 and 1P1 states is reversed in comparison with that in the gas phase. The population of the triplet state is preferable because of interaction with phonons in the lattice. The W-band stems from the desorbing excimer molecules Ar 2 �( )� as a result of transitions from vibrationally excited states 1 3, ( ) � u � � to the ground 1 � g � state. Note that vibrational relaxation on the surface is much slower than in the bulk. Therefore there is a high probability for molecules to desorb from the surface in a «hot» state. After the irradiation of a sample was completed we started to investigate the relaxation processes in the crys- tal. If solid Ar contains a minor amount of nitrogen a long-lifetime afterglow is observed after switching off the irradiating electron beam. This effect is caused by the presence of guest nitrogen atoms (from residual gases in the vacuum chamber) in metastable states after excitation with electrons. The well-known transition of the N atom 2D � 4S is followed by the emission of light with a 521 nm wavelength. We found a similar effect in the yield of exoelectron current — afteremission of electrons from the sample on completion of irradiation [20]. It was shown that afterglow is responsible for afteremission of exoelectrons. The current decays exponentially in time. The decay curves can be described by a second-order exponential function with characteristic decay times 1 ~ 30 s, 2 ~ 170 s [21]. We observed a similar dependence of the M-band [22] — afterglow in the VUV range of spectrum, stemming from the bulk self-trapped excitons. The estimated decay time for the afterglow of the M-band is about 19 s, which is close to the characteristic lifetime of the radiative transi- tion of N atom from the metastable state 2D to the 4S state in Ar matrix [23]. During the afteremission process we switched on the laser beam directed to the surface of the sample to register the release of electrons from the traps by visible light. Note that holes are self-trapped in RGS, electrons can be trapped either by guest atoms or by such lattice defects as vacancies or pores (in view of the negative electron affi- nity of solid Ar). Taking into account that solid Ar pos- sess quite a wide conduction band (several eV) one can expect to release electrons from the traps (both deep and wide ones) using visible light. In Fig. 2,a the yield of la- ser-induced exoelectron emission from pre-irradiated solid Ar recorded during afteremission is presented. The release of electrons from the traps and the following es- cape from the sample under the laser light is obvious. Some fraction of free electrons reaches the surface of the sample and goes to the vacuum due to the absence of an energy barrier because of negative electron affinity. Other electrons can either recombine with self-trapped holes or positively charged guest atoms or can be retrapped. In this study we measured the yield of afterglow on the wavelength of the W-band emitted by desorbed Ar 2 �( )� (Fig. 2,b). It was found that the intensity of this emission also decayed exponentially with a characteristic decay time ~ 2.5 s. The reason why the value of is much smaller for the W-band in comparison with that for the M-band lies in the origin of these bands. The M-band is emitted by the centers in the bulk of the crystal while the W-band is caused by excimers formed on the surface and in its vicinity. The rate of surface centers depletion is higher than that for the bulk ones. It is most likely that the radiative recombination of self-trapped holes with electrons can be considered as a source of the hot molecule desorption from solid Ar after preliminary irradiation of the crystal with an electron beam. Then the recombination of electrons with self-trapped holes should increase the number of hot Optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated Ar solids Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2008, v. 34, No. 3 311 10.8 11.0 11.2 11.4 11.6 11.8 12.0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 In te n si ty , ar b . u n it s Energy, eV W-band b c Fig. 1. Cathodoluminescence spectrum of solid Ar in the range 10.7–11.8 eV. Ar 2 �( )� molecules, desorbed from the sample. We detected these particles spectroscopically by measuring the inten- sity of W-band. Fig. 2,b demonstrates the effect of photo-induced luminescence of solid Ar at the wave- length corresponding to the W-band (photon energy 11.3 eV). The laser light (wavelength 632.8 nm) was fo- cused on the surface of the sample. The yield of lumines- cence was recorded immediately after the irradiating elec- tron beam was switched off. The intensity of the W-band started to decrease exponentially. Then the laser was switched on after approximately 5 s. We observed a con- siderable increase in W-band intensity and a following ex- ponential decay, caused by the depopulation of electron traps by laser light. This fact proves the suggestion that electron-hole recombination is responsible for the desorption of hot molecules from pre-irradiated solid Ar. The increase in W-band intensity (number of desorbed excimers) induced by laser light depends on the moment when the laser was switched on. The longer the delay be- tween switching off the electron beam and switching on the laser, the lower the intensity of the photon-stimulated W-band emission. The results obtained give evidence of a possibility of optical stimulation of post-irradiation desorption of «hot» Ar 2 �( )� dimers from the surface of solid Ar containing self-trapped holes, preliminarily produced by irradiation of the crystal with some kind of ionizing radiation. Summary In this study we observed for the first time the desorption of excited molecules Ar 2 �( )� from pre-irradi- ated solid Ar. It was shown that desorption of vibrationally «hot» eximers from the solid Ar after preliminary excita- tion above the forbidden energy gap is stimulated by re- combination of electrons with self-trapped holes. It is dem- onstrated that the process can be triggered optically by releasing the electrons from the traps. The authors thank Professors P. Feulner and G. Zim- merer for valuable discussions. Financial support from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft is gratefully acknow- ledged. 1. C.T. Reimann, R.E. Johnson, and W.L. Brown, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 600 (1984). 2. C.T. Reimann, W.L. Brown, D.E. Grosjean, and M.J. Nowakowski, Phys. Rev. B45, 43 (1992) 3. O. Ellegaard, R. Pedrys, and J. Schou, Appl. Phys. A46, 305 (1988). 4. F. Coletti, J.M. Debever, and G. Zimmerer, J. Phys. Lett. 45, L-467 (1984). 5. P. Feulner, T. Muller, A. Puschmann, and D. 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Temp. 27, 1295 (2001) [Low Temp. Phys. 27, 1295 (2001)]. 20. E.V. Savchenko, O.N. Grigorashchenko, A.N. Ogurtsov, V.V. Rudenkov, G.B.Gumenchuk, M. Lorenz, A. Lammers, and V.E. Bondybey, J. Low Temp. Phys. 122, 379 (2001). 21. E.V. Savchenko, O.N. Grigorashchenko, G.B. Gumenchuk, A.N. Ogurtsov, M. Frankowski, A.M. Smith-Gicklhorn, and V.E. Bondybey, Radiat. Eff. Def. Solids 157, 729 (2002). 22. G.B. Gumenchuk, A.M. Bludov, A.G. Belov, A.N. Ponoma- ryov, V.E. Bondybey, and E.V. Savchenko, Phys. Status Solidi (2007) (in print). 23. R.E. Boltnev, E.B. Gordon, V.V. Khmelenko, I.N. Krushin- skaya, M.V. Martynenko, A.A Pelmenev, E.A. Popov, and A.F. Shestakov, Chem. Phys. 189, 367 (1994). Optically-stimulated desorption of «hot» excimers from pre-irradiated Ar solids Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2008, v. 34, No. 3 313