Database of satellite polarimetry
We present the electronic database (EAR-SA-COMPIL-3-SATPOL-V1.0, NASA Planetary Data System), involving 2355 published and 105 unpublished results in planetary satellite polarimetry. The database contains 2460 measurements of linear polarization of planetary satellites, including fifteen measurement...
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Головна астрономічна обсерваторія НАН України
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| Цитувати: | Database of satellite polarimetry / S.V. Zaitsev, V.K. Rosenbush, N.N. Kiselev // Advances in Astronomy and Space Physics. — 2013. — Т. 3., вип. 2. — С. 109-112. — Бібліогр.: 24 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-1196432017-06-08T03:03:39Z Database of satellite polarimetry Zaitsev, S.V. Rosenbush, V.K. Kiselev, N.N. We present the electronic database (EAR-SA-COMPIL-3-SATPOL-V1.0, NASA Planetary Data System), involving 2355 published and 105 unpublished results in planetary satellite polarimetry. The database contains 2460 measurements of linear polarization of planetary satellites, including fifteen measurements of polarization for the Martian satellites (Phobos and Deimos), 2318 measurements for five Jovian satellites (Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, and Himalia), 127 measurements for two Saturnian satellites (Titan and Iapetus). Broad-band measurements within the spectral region 233-850 nm are presented. The range of phase angles is 0.1°-154° . The geometric conditions of observations (phase angle, planetographic longitude and latitude of the target disk centre seen by the observer, and position angle of the scattering plane) are calculated for given moments of time according to the JPL Horizons ephemeris system. We have compiled nineteen references to the published papers and some unpublished sources. The data are provided in a tabular ASCII format. The database can be used as the observational basis for detailed theoretical modelling, interpretation of the phase-angle and spectral dependence of polarization, and for selecting future space-mission targets. 2013 Article Database of satellite polarimetry / S.V. Zaitsev, V.K. Rosenbush, N.N. Kiselev // Advances in Astronomy and Space Physics. — 2013. — Т. 3., вип. 2. — С. 109-112. — Бібліогр.: 24 назв. — англ. 2227-1481 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/119643 en Advances in Astronomy and Space Physics Головна астрономічна обсерваторія НАН України |
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We present the electronic database (EAR-SA-COMPIL-3-SATPOL-V1.0, NASA Planetary Data System), involving 2355 published and 105 unpublished results in planetary satellite polarimetry. The database contains 2460 measurements of linear polarization of planetary satellites, including fifteen measurements of polarization for the Martian satellites (Phobos and Deimos), 2318 measurements for five Jovian satellites (Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, and Himalia), 127 measurements for two Saturnian satellites (Titan and Iapetus). Broad-band measurements within the spectral region 233-850 nm are presented. The range of phase angles is 0.1°-154° . The geometric conditions of observations (phase angle, planetographic longitude and latitude of the target disk centre seen by the observer, and position angle of the scattering plane) are calculated for given moments of time according to the JPL Horizons ephemeris system. We have compiled nineteen references to the published papers and some unpublished sources. The data are provided in a tabular ASCII format. The database can be used as the observational basis for detailed theoretical modelling, interpretation of the phase-angle and spectral dependence of polarization, and for selecting future space-mission targets. |
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Article |
| author |
Zaitsev, S.V. Rosenbush, V.K. Kiselev, N.N. |
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Zaitsev, S.V. Rosenbush, V.K. Kiselev, N.N. Database of satellite polarimetry Advances in Astronomy and Space Physics |
| author_facet |
Zaitsev, S.V. Rosenbush, V.K. Kiselev, N.N. |
| author_sort |
Zaitsev, S.V. |
| title |
Database of satellite polarimetry |
| title_short |
Database of satellite polarimetry |
| title_full |
Database of satellite polarimetry |
| title_fullStr |
Database of satellite polarimetry |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Database of satellite polarimetry |
| title_sort |
database of satellite polarimetry |
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Головна астрономічна обсерваторія НАН України |
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2013 |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/119643 |
| citation_txt |
Database of satellite polarimetry / S.V. Zaitsev, V.K. Rosenbush, N.N. Kiselev // Advances in Astronomy and Space Physics. — 2013. — Т. 3., вип. 2. — С. 109-112. — Бібліогр.: 24 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Advances in Astronomy and Space Physics |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT zaitsevsv databaseofsatellitepolarimetry AT rosenbushvk databaseofsatellitepolarimetry AT kiselevnn databaseofsatellitepolarimetry |
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2025-07-08T16:19:29Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-08T16:19:29Z |
| _version_ |
1837096312693063680 |
| fulltext |
Database of satellite polarimetry
S.V. Zaitsev∗, V.K.Rosenbush, N.N.Kiselev
Advances in Astronomy and Space Physics, 3, 109-112 (2013)
© S.V. Zaitsev, V.K.Rosenbush, N.N.Kiselev, 2013
Main Astronomical Observatory of the NAS of Ukraine, Akademika Zabolotnoho Str. 27, 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
We present the electronic database (EAR-SA-COMPIL-3-SATPOL-V1.0, NASA Planetary Data System), in-
volving 2355 published and 105 unpublished results in planetary satellite polarimetry. The database contains 2460
measurements of linear polarization of planetary satellites, including �fteen measurements of polarization for the
Martian satellites (Phobos and Deimos), 2318 measurements for �ve Jovian satellites (Io, Europa, Ganymede, Cal-
listo, and Himalia), 127 measurements for two Saturnian satellites (Titan and Iapetus). Broad-band measurements
within the spectral region 233�850 nm are presented. The range of phase angles is 0.1◦�154◦. The geometric con-
ditions of observations (phase angle, planetographic longitude and latitude of the target disk centre seen by the
observer, and position angle of the scattering plane) are calculated for given moments of time according to the JPL
Horizons ephemeris system. We have compiled nineteen references to the published papers and some unpublished
sources. The data are provided in a tabular ASCII format. The database can be used as the observational basis
for detailed theoretical modelling, interpretation of the phase-angle and spectral dependence of polarization, and
for selecting future space-mission targets.
Key words: polarization, planets and satellites: surfaces, database
introduction
Polarimetry is a very powerful remote-sensing
method for studying distant solar system bodies.
The characteristics of phase-angle and wavelength
dependence of polarization for these bodies are sen-
sitive to the mechanisms of light scattering, as well
as the albedo, composition, and structure of the par-
ticulate surface, or physical properties and scatter-
ing parameters of the satellite's atmosphere. Ob-
servations of polarization of the planetary satellites,
especially combined with simultaneous photometry,
provide information which may reveal physical prop-
erties of the satellite surface or atmosphere by mod-
elling the light scattering in terms of corresponding
mechanisms.
In the 1920s Lyot carried out the �rst polarimet-
ric observations of solar system objects [11]. During
lunar observations he discovered a phenomenon of
negative polarization of light scattered by the Moon
surface at small phase angles, which was the logical
interpretation. It triggered the intense study of phys-
ical properties of solar system objects by means of
polarimetry. In the 1960s and 1970s detailed sets of
measurements of linear polarizatioin of the Galilean
satellites performed by Dollfus [6] and Veverka [17]
allowed to determine the main polarization param-
eters of satellites of the outer planets of the Solar
System for the �rst time. At about the same time,
Zellner carried out the �rst polarimetrical observa-
tions of Deimos [22] and Iapetus [23]. Since then, po-
larimetrical observations of planetary satellites have
been carried out using various polarimetric equip-
ment and methods.
The Database of Satellite Polarimetry was ini-
tiated with the aim to catalogue all existing data
on the linear polarization of planetary satellites. In
this paper, we provide a short description of the
database.
database description
We de�ne a measurement of linear polarization of
a satellite as: the single determination of the degree
of linear polarization, at a given date and time, cor-
responding to a speci�c phase angle of the object,
the speci�c locations of the object and the observer
(earth-based or spacecraft-based), and the speci�c
spectral band. For example, if an instrument pro-
vides a measurement of polarization simultaneously
in the U, B, V, R, V bands, one act of measuring
gives us 5 measurements in terms of values as de�ned
above (one measurement for each spectral band).
The currently available version [21] of the cat-
alogue can be downloaded via Web1. It contains
2460 measurements of linear polarization of plan-
etary satellites, including �fteen measurements of
polarization for the Martian satellites (Phobos and
∗sergio908@rambler.com
1http://sbn.psi.edu/pds/resource/satpol.html
109
Advances in Astronomy and Space Physics S.V. Zaitsev, V.K.Rosenbush, N.N.Kiselev
Deimos), 2318 measurements for �ve Jovian satel-
lites (Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, and Himalia),
127 measurements for two Saturnian satellites (Titan
and Iapetus). The data obtained from 1966 till 2012
were collected from all accessible published sources.
Some unpublished data available to us were included
in the database as well. The presented observa-
tions were carried out using various telescopes and
various ground-based and space-based polarimetric
equipment, and methods including photoelectric and
imaging techniques. The information about the ob-
servations is listed in Table 1. It includes authors
of paper, names of the �lter bandpass or e�ective
wavelength of the bandpass as given in the paper,
aperture of instruments used (or spacecraft name in
case of spacecraft-based observations), average value
of errors of linear polarization measurements, and
the list of objects observed.
The database consists in two ASCII �les. The
�rst �le contains the basic data of the catalogue
in table form, while the second one contains refer-
ences to the papers. The main table includes 23
columns, which are described in Table 2. There are
the main observed characteristics of polarized light
from planetary satellites (the degree of linear and
circular polarization, the position angle of the po-
larization plane and their errors) as they are given
in the original papers. Geometric observational cir-
cumstances (phase angle, the position angle of scat-
tering plane, planetographic latitude and longitude
of the sub-observer point) are calculated using the
JPL Horizons ephemeris system2. Deviation θr of
the plane of polarization θ from the direction per-
pendicular to the plane of scattering ϕ was calcu-
lated according to expression:
θr = θ − (ϕ± 90◦), (1)
where the sign in the brackets is chosen to ful�l the
condition
ϕ± 90◦ ≤ 180◦, (2)
according to [3]. The negative and positive sign of
linear polarization means that the angle θr is close
to 90◦ and 0◦, respectively.
Most of the observations were obtained with UB-
VRI, the standard wide photometric band system
[9], and standard wide photometric band system VRI
[5], but some measurements of polarization were ob-
tained with no �lters, or with wide-band �lters, or
with special �lters described in corresponding pa-
pers. Some authors did not provide their papers with
tables of polarimetrical observations results, and pre-
sented their results in �gures instead. For such
sources, polarization and phase angle values were
obtained directly from �gures. In many cases neces-
sary geometric observational circumstances were ab-
sent in the original papers, and therefore are calcu-
lated using the JPL Horizons ephemeris system for
all measurements of polarization, except spacecraft
observations and values obtained from paper �gures.
There are no measurements of circular polarization
for planetary satellites in the period of time covered
by the compilation, but it is planned to carry out
such observations and include them in a future up-
date of the database.
For a more detailed description of the observa-
tions, equipment used, and data reductions, one is
referred to the source reference, the list of which is
given in the Database of Satellite Polarimetry table
of references.
conclusions
2460 measurements of linear polarization of
planetary satellites are currently collected in
the Database of Satellite Polarimetry (EAR-SA-
COMPIL-3-SATPOL-V1.0, NASA Planetary Data
System) [21]. The Database of Satellite Polarime-
try is presented and described. The database can
be used as the observational basis for detailed the-
oretical modelling, interpretation of the phase-angle
and spectral dependence of polarization of planetary
satellites, studying circumplanetary space, and se-
lecting future space-mission targets.
It is planned to include polarimetry results for
Saturn's Rings, as well as our not yet published re-
sults for satellites of Saturn and Uranus, in a future
update of this data set.
references
[1] BolkvadzeO.R. 1981, in Proc. of the Third Finnish-
Soviet Astronomical Symposium, 73
[2] BotvinovaV.V. & KucherovV.A. 1980, Astrometriia i
Astro�zika, 41, 59
[3] ChernovaG.P., KiselevN.N. & JockersK. 1993, Icarus,
103, 144
[4] ChigladzeR.A. 1989, Ph.D. Thesis, Abastumani Astro-
phys. Observatory
[5] CousinsA.W. J. 1976, MmRAS, 81, 25
[6] DollfusA. 1975, Icarus, 25, 416
[7] Degewij J., ZellnerB. & AnderssonL. E. 1980, Icarus, 44,
520
[8] EjetaC., BoehnhardtH., Bagnulo S. & TozziG. P. 2012,
A&A, 537, A23
[9] JohnsonH. L. 1965, ApJ, 141, 923
[10] KiselevN., RosenbushV., VelichkoF. & Zaitsev S. 2009,
J. Quant. Spec. Radiat. Transf., 110, 1713
[11] LyotB. 1929, Ann. Obs. Paris, 8, 1
[12] MorozhenkoO.V. 2001, Kinematika i Fizika Nebesnykh
Tel, 17, 1, 45
[13] NolandM., Veverka J. & Pollack J. B. 1973, Icarus, 20,
490
[14] RosenbushV.K., AvramchukV.V., RosenbushA.E. &
MishchenkoM. I. 1997, ApJ, 487, 402
[15] RosenbushV.K. & KiselevN.N. 2005, Icarus, 179, 490
[16] TomaskoM.G. & SmithP.H. 1982, Icarus, 51, 65
2http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi
110
Advances in Astronomy and Space Physics S.V. Zaitsev, V.K.Rosenbush, N.N.Kiselev
Table 1: Information about observations included in the Database of Satellite Polarimetry.
Authors Spectral band or
wavelength, Å
Instruments Average
error, %
Objects
Bolkvadze [1] 4000�7000 40-cm 0.10 Io, Europa
Botvinova & Kucherov
[2]
3900�6850 60-cm 0.05 Io, Ganymede, Callisto
Chigladze [4] 4200�7000 40-cm 0.05 Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto
Degewij et al. [7] B, G, V 91-cm, 208-cm 0.20 Himalia
Dollfus [6] 5500 60-cm, 100-cm, 107-cm 0.10 Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto
Ejeta et al. [8] B, V, R, I 4 × 820-cm 0.02 Iapetus
Kiselev et al.[10] V 70-cm 0.05 Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto
Morozhenko [12] U, B, V, R 60-cm 0.03 Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto
Noland et al. [13] 5700 Mariner 9 4.00 Phobos, Deimos
Rosenbush et al. [14] U, B, V, R 60-cm 0.06 Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto
Rosenbush & Kiselev [15] U, B, V, R, I 70-cm 0.02 Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto
Tomasko & Smith [16] Blue, Red Pioner 11 0.30 Titan
Veverka [17] 3000�8000 40-cm, 154-cm 0.10 Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto
Veverka [18] 3000�8000 154-cm 0.20 Titan
Zellner & Gradie [19] 5500, G 154-cm 0.10 Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto,
Iapetus
West et al.[20] 2640, 7500 Voyager 2 0.05 Titan
Zaitsev et al. (unpubl.) U, B, V, R, I 125-cm, 260-cm 0.04 Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto
Zellner [22] 2330 154-cm, 229-cm 0.05 Deimos
Zellner [23] G 154-cm 0.15 Iapetus
Zellner [24] 3600, 5200, 8300 61-cm, 224-cm, 226-cm 0.06 Titan
[17] Veverka J. 1971, Icarus, 14, 355
[18] Veverka J. 1973, Icarus, 18, 657
[19] Veverka J. 1977, in Planetary satellites, Tucson, Univer-
sity of Arizona Press, 230
[20] WestR.A., HartH., SimmonsK.E. et al. 1983, J. Geo-
phys. Res., 88, 8699
[21] Zaitsev S., RosenbushV. & KiselevN. 2012, `Polarime-
try of Planetary Satellites V1.0', NASA Planetary Data
System, EAR-SA-COMPIL-3-SATPOL-V1.0
[22] ZellnerB. 1972, AJ, 77, 183
[23] ZellnerB. 1972, ApJ, 174, L107
[24] ZellnerB. 1973, Icarus, 18, 661
111
Advances in Astronomy and Space Physics S.V. Zaitsev, V.K.Rosenbush, N.N.Kiselev
Table 2: Description of the Database of Satellite Polarimetry �le.
Position Format Label Designation of column
1-9 A9 SATELLITE_NAME Name of satellite
11-15 A5 SATELLITE_ID IAU satellite designation
17-20 I4 OBS_YEAR Year of observation
22-23 I2 UT_MONTH_OBS Month of observation
25-26 I2 UT_DAY_OBS Day of observation, UT
28-29 I2 UT_HOUR_OBS Hour of observation, UT
31-32 I2 UT_MINUTE_OBS Minute of observation, UT
34-35 I2 UT_SECOND_OBS Second of observation, UT
38-46 A10 BAND_ID Name of the �lter bandpass
49-52 I5 CENTRAL_WAVELENGTH E�ective wavelength of the bandpass, Å
55-61 F8.3 PHASE_ANGLE Phase angle, degree
64-68 F6.1 SUB_OBS_LONGITUDE Planetographic longitude, degree
70-74 F5.1 SUB_OBS_LATITUDE Planetographic latitude, degree
77-81 F6.1 SCA_ANGLE Position angle of the scattering plane, degree
83-88 F6.3 LINEAR_POL Degree of linear polaDegree of circular polarization, %
91-95 F6.3 LINEAR_POL_ERR Error in linear polarization degree, %
98-102 F6.1 POL_ANGLE Position angle of the polarization plane, degree
105-108 F5.1 POL_ANGLE_ERR Error in the position angle, degree
111-116 F7.3 CIRCULAR_POL Degree of circular polarization, %
119-123 F6.3 CIRCULAR_POL_ERR Error in circular polarization degree, %
126-130 F6.1 POL_SCA_ANGLE Deviation of the polarization plane, degree
133-138 F7.3 SCA_LINEAR_POL Percent of linear polarization, refered to the perpen-
dicular to the scattering plane, %
140-160 A21 REFERENCES References according to references �le
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