Physical processes in the fuel containing masses interacting with aqueous solutions in the “Shelter” object. Inhomogeneous diffusion of ions UO²⁺₂ , Cs⁺ in the system “glassy nuclear magma – water”

The inﬂuence of water on the glassy nuclear magma of the Chornobyl reactor is discussed. To describe it the simplest model for the “glassy nuclear magma–water” system is formulated. Inhomogeneous position- dependent diffusion coefﬁcients are calculated near the interface of the system

Збережено в:

Бібліографічні деталі
Дата:	1999
Автори:	Yukhnovskii, I.R., Tokarchuk, M.V., Zhelem, R.I.
Мова:	English
Опубліковано:	Інститут фізики конденсованих систем НАН України 1999
Назва видання:	Condensed Matter Physics
Онлайн доступ:	http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/120397
Теги:	Додати тег Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
Назва журналу:	Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Цитувати:	Physical processes in the fuel containing masses interacting with aqueous solutions in the “Shelter” object. Inhomogeneous diffusion of ions UO²⁺₂ , Cs⁺ in the system “glassy nuclear magma – water” / I.R. Yukhnovskii, M.V. Tokarchuk, R.I. Zhelem // Condensed Matter Physics. — 1999. — Т. 2, № 2(18). — С. 351-360. — Бібліогр.: 23 назв. — англ.

Репозитарії

Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

id	irk-123456789-120397
record_format	dspace
spelling	irk-123456789-1203972017-06-13T03:04:25Z Physical processes in the fuel containing masses interacting with aqueous solutions in the “Shelter” object. Inhomogeneous diffusion of ions UO²⁺₂ , Cs⁺ in the system “glassy nuclear magma – water” Yukhnovskii, I.R. Tokarchuk, M.V. Zhelem, R.I. The inﬂuence of water on the glassy nuclear magma of the Chornobyl reactor is discussed. To describe it the simplest model for the “glassy nuclear magma–water” system is formulated. Inhomogeneous position- dependent diffusion coefﬁcients are calculated near the interface of the system Обговоpюється вплив води на склоподiбну ядеpну магму чоpнобильського pеактоpа. З метою теоpетичного опису pозвинуто найпpостiшу модель для системи “склоподiбна ядеpна магма – вода”. Обчислено неодноpiднi позицiйно-залежнi коефiцiєнти дифузiї бiля межi подiлу системи. 1999 Physical processes in the fuel containing masses interacting with aqueous solutions in the “Shelter” object. Inhomogeneous diffusion of ions UO²⁺₂ , Cs⁺ in the system “glassy nuclear magma – water” / I.R. Yukhnovskii, M.V. Tokarchuk, R.I. Zhelem // Condensed Matter Physics. — 1999. — Т. 2, № 2(18). — С. 351-360. — Бібліогр.: 23 назв. — англ. 1607-324X DOI:10.5488/CMP.2.2.351 PACS: 82.55.+e; 82.50.Gw, 28.41.Kw, 68.45.v http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/120397 en Condensed Matter Physics Інститут фізики конденсованих систем НАН України
institution	Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection	DSpace DC
language	English
description	The inﬂuence of water on the glassy nuclear magma of the Chornobyl reactor is discussed. To describe it the simplest model for the “glassy nuclear magma–water” system is formulated. Inhomogeneous position- dependent diffusion coefﬁcients are calculated near the interface of the system
author	Yukhnovskii, I.R. Tokarchuk, M.V. Zhelem, R.I.
spellingShingle	Yukhnovskii, I.R. Tokarchuk, M.V. Zhelem, R.I. Physical processes in the fuel containing masses interacting with aqueous solutions in the “Shelter” object. Inhomogeneous diffusion of ions UO²⁺₂ , Cs⁺ in the system “glassy nuclear magma – water” Condensed Matter Physics
author_facet	Yukhnovskii, I.R. Tokarchuk, M.V. Zhelem, R.I.
author_sort	Yukhnovskii, I.R.
title	Physical processes in the fuel containing masses interacting with aqueous solutions in the “Shelter” object. Inhomogeneous diffusion of ions UO²⁺₂ , Cs⁺ in the system “glassy nuclear magma – water”
title_short	Physical processes in the fuel containing masses interacting with aqueous solutions in the “Shelter” object. Inhomogeneous diffusion of ions UO²⁺₂ , Cs⁺ in the system “glassy nuclear magma – water”
title_full	Physical processes in the fuel containing masses interacting with aqueous solutions in the “Shelter” object. Inhomogeneous diffusion of ions UO²⁺₂ , Cs⁺ in the system “glassy nuclear magma – water”
title_fullStr	Physical processes in the fuel containing masses interacting with aqueous solutions in the “Shelter” object. Inhomogeneous diffusion of ions UO²⁺₂ , Cs⁺ in the system “glassy nuclear magma – water”
title_full_unstemmed	Physical processes in the fuel containing masses interacting with aqueous solutions in the “Shelter” object. Inhomogeneous diffusion of ions UO²⁺₂ , Cs⁺ in the system “glassy nuclear magma – water”
title_sort	physical processes in the fuel containing masses interacting with aqueous solutions in the “shelter” object. inhomogeneous diffusion of ions uo²⁺₂ , cs⁺ in the system “glassy nuclear magma – water”
publisher	Інститут фізики конденсованих систем НАН України
publishDate	1999
url	http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/120397
citation_txt	Physical processes in the fuel containing masses interacting with aqueous solutions in the “Shelter” object. Inhomogeneous diffusion of ions UO²⁺₂ , Cs⁺ in the system “glassy nuclear magma – water” / I.R. Yukhnovskii, M.V. Tokarchuk, R.I. Zhelem // Condensed Matter Physics. — 1999. — Т. 2, № 2(18). — С. 351-360. — Бібліогр.: 23 назв. — англ.
series	Condensed Matter Physics
work_keys_str_mv	AT yukhnovskiiir physicalprocessesinthefuelcontainingmassesinteractingwithaqueoussolutionsintheshelterobjectinhomogeneousdiffusionofionsuo22csinthesystemglassynuclearmagmawater AT tokarchukmv physicalprocessesinthefuelcontainingmassesinteractingwithaqueoussolutionsintheshelterobjectinhomogeneousdiffusionofionsuo22csinthesystemglassynuclearmagmawater AT zhelemri physicalprocessesinthefuelcontainingmassesinteractingwithaqueoussolutionsintheshelterobjectinhomogeneousdiffusionofionsuo22csinthesystemglassynuclearmagmawater
first_indexed	2025-07-08T17:48:26Z
last_indexed	2025-07-08T17:48:26Z
_version_	1837101919533793280
fulltext	Condensed Matter Physics, 1999, Vol. 2, No 2(18), pp. 351–360 Physical processes in the fuel containing masses interacting with aqueous solutions in the “Shelter” object. Inhomogeneous diffusion of ions UO 2+ 2 , Cs + in the system “glassy nuclear magma – water” I.R.Yukhnovskii, M.V.Tokarchuk, R.I.Zhelem Institute for Condensed Matter Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Svientsitskii Str., 290011 Lviv, Ukraine Received September 21, 1998 The influence of water on the glassy nuclear magma of the Chornobyl re- actor is discussed. To describe it the simplest model for the “glassy nuclear magma–water” system is formulated. Inhomogeneous position- dependent diffusion coefficients are calculated near the interface of the system Key words: Chernobyl, waste glass, corrosion, leaching, radiolysis, radioactive elements, distribution function, diffusion coefficient PACS: 82.55.+e; 82.50.Gw, 28.41.Kw, 68.45.v 1. Introduction The nuclear and ecological safety of the “Shelter” object at the Chornobyl Nu- clear Power Plant is determined by the state of nuclear fuel and water [1-5]. During the last 6 years, a large number of investigations was made on the Chornobyl’s problem, some of the results were published [6-14]. All of them point to cardinal changes of the melted fuel masses, i.e. the nuclear magma. The nuclear magma (or fuel containing masses) is a glassy composite, which is formed from the melt of CaO, MgO,Al2O3,Fe2O3, ZrO2, SiO2, H2O and up to 18% of UO2. Now it is be- ing destroyed and transforms into a nuclear dust. One of the important factors of the destruction is the decrease of fuel containing masses temperature, that enabled water to penetrate magma body and actively interact with it [15]. The processes of glassy nuclear magma destruction are very complicated. First, it is necessary to say that the magma, which consists of SiO2 to the extent of 30-60%, c© I.R.Yukhnovskii, M.V.Tokarchuk, R.I.Zhelem 351 I.R.Yukhnovskii, M.V.Tokarchuk, R.I.Zhelem is non-equilibrium amorphous medium with long relaxation time, and thus, exter- nal factors, in particularly water, can rapidly alter the state of the medium. Even in 1986, when the nuclear magma was formed, one could state it was steadily destroyed versus time. This was due to active processes of induced radioactive decay of 235U, 239Pu, 241Pu, products of which are hydrogen, tritium, inert gases, such as neon, crypton, xenon and the whole range of unstable elements. The latter transform to stable isotopes and radioactive elements with large half-lives (more than 10 5 years) in response to neutron irradiation. The radioactive decay of nuclei of 235U, 239Pu, 241Pu or α-, β- transformations is accompanied by considerable yields of energy. This causes intensive energy transfer in the medium, and thus an inhomogeneous temperature distribution. Besides, the products of radioactive decays are in fact nonequilibrium impurities in the glassy nuclear magma structure and according to the theory of dislocations in solids, it can bring about substantial structural transfor- mations, recrystallization. Much more complicated processes are connected with the gaseous products of decay, namely, hydrogen, tritium, helium, neon, crypton, xenon. Due to the small solvability of inert gases they gather inside the material of fuel el- ements, for example UO2, and produce gaseous cavities. The formation and growth of these cavities lead to swelling of the material. The amount of gas, accumulated in irradiated magma can be large enough to result in its deformation and destruction. The swelling depends on different factors such as temperature change, conditions and intensity of irradiation, properties of a material. The growth of the gaseous pores is a very important part of the swelling processes. Experimental investigations [9] point to the significant porosity of the glassy nuclear magma. The process of pore formation is promoted by the diffusion of gas atoms in various defects, cracks, dislocations, diffusion of hydrogen to metals, etc. As a result of the macroscopic diffusion because of temperature fluctuations gaseous pores may combine leading to a large-scaled deformation. The investigations made in 1989–1991 [9, 12, 13, 15] showed that glassy masses of nuclear magma in the object were loosing their firmness. Obviously, this is a result of irreversible physico-chemical processes in magma body. After the decrease of surface temperature of glassy masses to 40–600C in the average, pores and cracks in the nuclear magma were filled with water, which find its way within through numerous holes in the roof and in the walls of the object, due to the condensation from the interior air and sprinkling of nuclear dust. We can recognize the following four major types of water interaction with the nuclear fuel. First, the interaction with active core fragments. Second, the interaction with persistently flooded nuclear magma. In view of high magma porosity the area and intensity of the interaction are very large. Third, parts of nuclear magma, covered by water seasonally. Fourth, the interaction of water with the nuclear dust. Water in nuclear magma pores undergoes radiolysis because of α-, β-decays and γ-radiation. Radiolysis products and water molecules at the interface “nuclear magma – water” participate in complicated hydration [16, 17] of uranium UO 2, plutonium PuO2 and other oxides of radioactive elements [4, 18, 19]. An intensive leaching of uranium from nuclear magma and egress into indoor water basins at the 352 Diffusion of radioactive ions in the “Shelter” object “Shelter” object occur. Experimental studies [3, 5, 15] indicate a significant variation of uranium concentration in “Shelter” basins in time. Fuel containing masses suffer considerable changes because of nuclear, physical and chemical processes. A result of their interaction with water is the emergence of yellow spots on the black ceramics [7, 8]. For the first time such yellow spots were observed in 1991 [12]. They were investigated by means of electronic spec- troscopy, X-ray phase and X-ray spectral analysis. As a result, it was cleared up that yellow spots are the needle-like crystals of the uranium minerals with the main phases such as: epiyantynite UO32H2O, studtite UO316CO31.91H2O, two modifi- cations of UO44H2O, retzerfordine UO2CO3, and unnamed phases Na4UO2(CO3)3 and Na2UO2(CO3)22H2O [7, 8]. All of these minerals have one very significant feature – they are well soluble in water. These mineral combinations along with UO2, UO2+UO3, PuO2, (ZrU)O2, (UZr)SiO4 are nuclear hazardous materials with a large amount of neutron moderators SiO2, Al2(SiO3)(OH)4, Na3PO4, CxHyOz, CaMg(CO3)2, CaCO3, K2O, CaO,MgO, Fe2O3, ZnO2, H2O, C. Summarizing the results of previous investigations, we can say that irreversible processes are running inside the object “Shelter” increasing tendency of nuclear fuel egress to the water basins of the object. This is one of nuclear hazard factors inside the object premises. The problem of water interaction with fragments of the destroyed active core of reactor, nuclear magma and nuclear dust is extremely important because: • Water interaction with nuclear magma causes a substantial increase of effective neutron multiplication factor Keff , and as a result, local self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction is possible [1-5]. • Due to the complicated processes of radiolysis, the eventual egress of the ra- dioactive materials is observed, that in its turn causes uncontrollable transfer of radioactive materials indoors and outdoors. • When the nuclear magma is destroyed radioactive dust is produced (containing uranium, plutonium, americium). It is another factor of ecological hazard to the object. Aqueous solutions of the salts in radioactive elements inside the object are in- teracting with various construction materials, among them are concrete and glassy masses of nuclear fuel. It is clear, that the character of such an interaction depends very much on the state of these solutions. The presence of uranium, plutonium, americium, curium in aqueous solutions and also their interaction with the fuel- containing masses lead to intensive processes of water radiolysis as a result of α- and β-decays and γ-radiation [3-5, 18, 19]. In the process of radiolysis chemically active radicals are formed: hydrated electrons and ions H+, groups OH−, molecular compounds H2, HO2, H2O2, that largely determines the character of interaction of aqueous solutions with the different materials inside the object. A particular attention should be paid to the interaction of aqueous solutions with the glassy masses of nuclear fuel. And here we have to give the answer what 353 I.R.Yukhnovskii, M.V.Tokarchuk, R.I.Zhelem is the role of the products of radiolysis of water in the process of destroying the masses, what is the character of their interaction as well as to investigate their in- fluence on the processes of diffusion of uranium, plutonium from the nuclear magma into solutions [4, 18]. Another important question is how the products of radiolysis influence the chemical reactions in which possible reactants are the ions of uranyl UO2+ 2 , plutonyl PuO2+ 2 , and other complexes containing radioactive elements [19]. To utterly comprehend nuclear magma destruction and the egress of uranium into water as well as to predict these processes, it is important to research radionuclide diffusion in the “nuclear magma–water” system. Inhomogeneous equations for such a system have been studied in [20, 23]. In so doing an important problem consists in calculating the inhomogeneous diffusion coefficients for ions UO2+ 2 , PuO2+ 2 , Cs+, Sr2+ at the interface “nuclear magma – water” as far as temperature, concentration and pH vary. To do this qualitatively we now consider a statistical model taking into account interactions between particles and their structural distribution, and apply it to the phase “aqueous solution”. 2. Calculation of inhomogeneous diffusion coefficient for i ons UO 2+ 2 , Cs + in the “nuclear magma – water” system We have investigated distribution functions for ions UO2+ 2 , Cs+ at the inter- face “nuclear magma – water” in [20, 21]. They appear to describe this structural distribution in a qualitatively correct manner. Using them we are going to per- form the calculation of inhomogeneous diffusion coefficients for ions UO2+ 2 , Cs+ in the aqueous solution interacting with glassy nuclear magma. For this purpose only Markovian transport processes of ions in solutions will be considered. The mean flux of k -species particles in the phase l is represented by the following expression: jk(rl; t) = − ∑ k′ ∑ l′ ∫ Vl′ dr′ l D kk′(rl, rl′) ∂ ∂rl′ δnk′(rl′; t), (1) where Dkk′(rl, rl′) are normalized inhomogeneous diffusion coefficients to be related to generalized coefficients Dkk′(rl, rl′; τ) in the way: Dkk′(rl, rl′) = ∞ ∫ 0 dτDkk′(rl, rl′; τ), (2) Dkk′(rl, rl′ ; τ) = (3) = ∑ l′′ ∑ k′′ ∫ Vl′′ drl′′〈(1−P0) ĵ k (rl)T0(τ)(1 −P0) ĵ k′′ (rl′′)〉0 [ F̃−1(rl′′ , rl′) ] k′′k′ . are generalized diffusion coefficients of ions. Here ĵ k (rl) = Nk ∑ j=1 pjδ(rj − rl) (4) 354 Diffusion of radioactive ions in the “Shelter” object is the momentum for ions in the respective phase l, P0A = 〈A〉0 + ∑ l,l′ k,k′ ∫ Vl drl ∫ Vl′ drl′ 〈A(r)δn̂ k(rl)〉0 [ F̃−1(rl, rl′) ] kk′ δn̂k(rl′) . (5) is the Mori projection operator, T0(τ) = exp{(1−P0) · τ iLN} is the time evolution operator, iLN is the Liouville operator appropriate to the system’s Hamiltonian to have been given in [20,21]. The functions [ F̃−1(rl, rl′) ] kk′ make up the matrix F̃−1(r, r′) which is inverse to F̃ (r, r′). This latter consists of the pair equilibrium distribution functions: F kk′ nn (rl, rl′) = 〈δn̂k(rl) · δn̂ k′(rl′)〉0 . (6) We omit phase indices, because only the phase of aqueous solution will be treated. At last, the time correlation function [22, 23] is assumed to be a Gaussian one, therefore we arrive at Dkk′(r, r′) = ∞ ∫ 0 dτλkk′ 0 (r, r′) exp { − λ kk′ 2 (r, r′) 2! τ 2 } (7) = λkk′ 0 (r, r′) √ π 2λ kk′ 2 (r, r′) , wherein λkk′ 0 (r, r′) is the zeroth moment, λ kk′ 2 (r, r′) is normalized second one for the time correlation function λ kk′ 2 (r, r′) = λkk′ 2 (r, r′) λkk′ 0 (r, r′) . (8) These moments have the following structure λkk′ 0 (rl, rl′) = 3 mk kT fk 1 (rl) [ F̃−1(rl, rl′) ] kk′ , (9) λkk′ 2 (rl, rl′) = ∑ l′′ ∑ k′′ ∫ Vl′′ drl′′ ( 〈 ĵk(rl) ¨̂ jk ′′ (rl′′)〉0 + Nk Vl Nk′′ Vl′′ (kT )2 mkmk′′ (10) × ∂ ∂rl ∂ ∂rl′′ { fk 1 (rl)f k′′ 1 (rl′′) [ F̃−1(rl, rl′′) ] kk′′ })[ F̃−1(rl′′ , rl′) ] k′′k′ . in which mk is the mass of k-species particle, f k 1 (rl) = 〈n̂k(rl)〉0 is the profile of k-species particle in a phase l, 〈. . .〉0 means the averaging with the total equilibrium function ρ0. The function [ F̃−1(rl, rl′) ] kk′ is defined in terms of direct correlation function ckk ′ 2 (r, r′): [ F̃−1(rl, rl′) ] kk′ = δkk′δ(r − r′) 〈n̂k′(r′)〉0 − ckk ′ 2 (r, r′). (11) 355 I.R.Yukhnovskii, M.V.Tokarchuk, R.I.Zhelem Along with (11) the expression for fluxes (1) takes the following form: ĵ k (r; t) = Dkk(r) ∂ ∂r δnk(r; t) + ∑ k′ ∫ dr′ D kk′ (r, r′) ∂ ∂r′ δnk′(r′; t), (12) where Dkk(r) = Dk(r) = kT mk √ π 2λ kk 2 (r) (13) is inhomogeneous selfdiffusion coefficient for k-species particle with respect to nu- clear magma–aqueous solution interface, whereas D kk′ (r, r′) = kT mk fk 1 (r)c kk′ 2 (r, r′) √ π 2λkk′ 2 (r) (14) is the inhomogeneous interdiffusion coefficient for k- and k ′-species particles with respect to the interface. 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 z, Å0.0 0.5 1.0 f(z) ∗ ∗ ∗ △ △ △ ∗ – UO2+ 2 – 0.1 g/l △ – Cs+ – 1 g/l Figure 1. Qualitative density profiles of radioactive particles near the interface “glassy nuclear magma – water”. Here we have restricted our computations to the only selfdiffusion coefficient (13) on the basis of suitable moments (9), (10) for the ions UO2+ 2 , Cs+. For this purpose, density profiles from figure 1 were used. The ratio of selfdiffusion coefficient to bulk value is plotted on figure 2 as a function of distance to nuclear magma surface. Concentrations are accepted to be average for the “Shelter”.The calculations are qualitative as far as a simple ionic model of solution is considered. As is expected the diffusion coefficients for ions reach their bulk values far from the surface. For ions of cesium this occurs faster. Near the surface,the coefficients increase, ionic mobility is greater. It means that after UO2+ 2 , Cs+ egress from nuclear magma as a result of complicated leaching (combination of ion exchange and silicon-oxygen network depolymerization [4]), they are intensively repulsed away from the surface by complex electrostatic forces. The larger distance from the surface, the less influence of electrostatic inhomogeneity is observed. The leaching of ions UO2+ 2 , Cs+ results 356 Diffusion of radioactive ions in the “Shelter” object 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 z, Å 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 D(z)/Dbulk △ △ ∗ ∗ ∗ - UO2+ 2 - 0.1 g/l △ - Cs1+ - 1 g/l Figure 2. Selfdiffusion coefficients for radioactive ions near the interface “glassy nuclear magma – water”. in a pulverization of nuclear magma surface and in a loss of firmness. In its turn, it enlarges contact with aqueous solutions and promotes a more intensive egress of radioactive elements into water basins of “Shelter”. The phenomenon is observed experimentally [5]. Thus, there is a problem of radionuclide migration in these basins and penetration into the outdoor ground water. To calculate inhomogeneous interdiffusion coefficient we need to know direct correlation functions ckk ′ 2 (r, r′). This is a separate problem for a nonequilibrium system. We are going to perform such investigations in future. They are important in view of describing the correlation effects at the interface “nuclear magma – water”. It is the region where active magma surface destruction occurs. We’ll also investigate the behaviour of Dkk(r), D kk′ (r, r′) as temperature and concentration vary. Acknowledgements This work has been supported by the International Association for the Promotion of Cooperation between the NIS countries and European Community (grant INTAS- Ukraine–95–0133). 357 I.R.Yukhnovskii, M.V.Tokarchuk, R.I.Zhelem References 1. Kostenko Yu., Rudia K. Rationale for the longterm strategy of the destroyed Chornobyl unit IV conversion into ecologically safe system. // Cond. Matt. Phys., 1997, No. 12, p. 7–12. 2. Kupnyi V.I., Belousov E.L., Tovstogan A.S. Main results of nuclear danger examina- tion of the “Shelter” object. // Cond. Matt. Phys., 1997, No. 12, p. 111–120. 3. Yukhnovskii I.R., Kobryn A.E., Tokarevskii V.V., Tokarchuk M.V. Problems on in- teraction between water and fuel containing masses inside the object “Shelter” of Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant. // J. Phys. Studies, vol. 1, No. 2, p. 169–180 (in Ukrainian) 4. Yukhnovskii I.R., Tokarchuk M.V., Ignatyuk V.V. et al. Studies on nonequilibrium physico-chemical processes in a system “fuel containing masses-aqueous solutions of radioactive elements”. // Cond. Matt. Phys., 1997, No. 12, p. 63–96. 5. Kluchnikov A.A. The results of scientific-research and experimental-construction me- asures, which were held on the object “Shelter” to reach its stabilization. Report on Second International scientific and technical conference, devoted to 10 th anniversary of completion of the building of the object “Shelter”. Chornobyl, 1996, 21 p. (in Russian). 6. Borovoi A.A., Galkin B.Ya. et al. New formed products as the result of interaction between fuel and constructive materials at the 4th block of Chornobyl atomic power plant. // Radiokhimiya, 1990, No. 6, p. 103–113; 1991, No. 4, p.177–196 (in Russian). 7. Anderson E.B., Burakov B.E., Pazukhin E.M. Secondary mutation of fuel containing masses of Chornobyl atomic power plant 4-th reactor. // Radiokhimiya, 1992, No. 5, p. 135–138 (in Russian). 8. Anderson E.B., Borovoi A.A., Burakov B.E., Krinitsyn A.P. Pazukhin E.M., Checherov K.P. Technogeneous products of interaction of fuel and constructing ma- terials, obtained after Chornobyl disaster. // Radiokhimiya, 1992, No. 5, p. 144–155 (in Russian). 9. Pazukhin E.M. Lava-shaped fuel containing mediums at the 4-th block of Chornobyl atomic power plant: Topography, physical and chemical properties, version as to for- mation. // Radiokhimiya, 1994, vol. 34, No. 2, p. 97–142 (in Russian). 10. Abalin S.S., Bar’yakhtar V.G., Belyajev S.T., Borovoi A.A. et al. Ensuring ecological safety at the object “Shelter” (Studies during 1990–1991). // Reports of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 1994, No. 1, p. 116–121 (in Ukrainian). 11. Borovoi A.A. Chornobyl “Shelter”. // Priroda, 1994, No. 4, p. 62–70 (in Russian). 12. Kiselyov A.N., Nenaglyadov A.Yu., Surin A.I. et al Experimental researches in lava- shaped fuel containing mediums at the 4th block of Chornobyl atomic power plant. // Preprint of Atomic Energy Institute; 5533/3, Moscow, 1992, 120 p. (in Russian). 13. Kiselyov A.N., Surin A.I., Checherov K.P. Results of supplementary investigations on accumulations of lava-shaped fuel containing mediums at the 4-th block of Chornobyl atomic power plant. // Preprint of Atomic Energy Institute; 5783/3, Moscow, 1994, 59 p. (in Russian). 14. Yukhnovskii I.R., Tokarchuk M.V. The problems of the 4-th power unit of Chornobyl NPS I. Review. // Preprint of the Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, ICMP– 95–3U, Lviv, 1995, 40 p. (in Ukrainian). 15. Main scientific and technical results obtained at the department for nuclear and ra- 358 Diffusion of radioactive ions in the “Shelter” object dioactive safety in 1994. Chornobyl, 1994, 137 p. (in Russian). 16. Davydov Ju.P. State of Radionuclides in Solutions. Minsk, Nauka-Technika, 1978 (in Russian). 17. Seaborg G.T., Kutz J.J. The Chemistry of Actinide Elements. Moscow, Atomizdat, 1960 (in Russian). 18. Yukhnovskii I.R., Ivankiv O.L., Ignatyuk V.V., Dmytriv G.S., Tokarchuk M.V. Pro- blems of description of nuclear, physical and chemical processes in nuclear magma inside the object “Shelter” I. Radiolysis in “nuclear magma – water” system. Preprint of the Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, ICMP–96–05U, Lviv, 1996, 16 p. (in Ukrainian). 19. Yukhnovskii I.R., Tokarchuk M.V., Kobryn O.E., Dmytriv G.S., Humenyuk Y.A. Analysis of chemical reactions of α-radiolysis, hydrolysis and complex formation in alkali solutions of the object “Shelter”. Investigation of transfer coefficients of ions UO2+ 2 , PuO2+ 2 , in aqueous solutions. // Preprint of the Institute for Condensed Mat- ter Physics, ICMP–98–16U, Lviv, 1998, 10 p. (in Ukrainian). 20. Yukhnovskii I.R., Omelyan I.P., Sovyak E.M., Zhelem R.I., Tokarchuk M.V. Problems of description of nuclear, physical and chemical processes in nuclear magma inside the object “Shelter” II. Description of diffusion processes in the system “nuclear magma – water”. // Preprint of the Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, ICMP–96–06U, Lviv, 1996, 19 p. (in Ukrainian) 21. Yukhnovskii I.R., Tokarchuk M.V., Omelyan I.P., Sovyak E.M., Zhelem R.I. On the description of structural distribution and diffusion of radioactive elements in the sys- tem “glassy nuclear magma – water”. // Cond. Matt. Phys, 1997, No. 9, p. 153–166. 22. Resibois P., De Leener M. Classical Kinetic Theory of Fluids. N.-Y., London, Sidney, Toronto; A Wiley-Int. Publ. John Wiley and Sons, 1977. 23. Yukhnovskii I.R., Zhelem R.I.,Omelyan I.P.,Sovyak E.M., Tokarchuk M.V. Diffusion processes in the transport of electrolyte solutions through reverse osmosis membranes. Structural functions and diffusion coefficients. // Ukr. Fiz. Zhurn., 1996, vol. 41, No. 9, p. 819–827 (in Ukrainian). 359 I.R.Yukhnovskii, M.V.Tokarchuk, R.I.Zhelem Фiзичнi пpоцеси взаємодiї паливомiсних мас з водними pозчинами в об’єктi “Укpиття”. Неодноpiдна дифузiя iонiв UO 2+ 2 та Cs + у системi “склоподiбна ядеpна магма – вода” I.P.Юхновський, М.В.Токаpчук, P.I.Желем Інститут фізики конденсованих систем НАН Укpаїни, 290011 Львів, вул. Свєнціцького, 1 Отpимано 21 серпня 1998 р. Обговоpюється вплив води на склоподiбну ядеpну магму чоpнобиль- ського pеактоpа. З метою теоpетичного опису pозвинуто найпpостi- шу модель для системи “склоподiбна ядеpна магма – вода”. Обчи- слено неодноpiднi позицiйно-залежнi коефiцiєнти дифузiї бiля межi подiлу системи. Ключові слова: Чоpнобиль, склоподiбнi вiдходи, коpозiя, вилужування, pадiолiз, pадiоактивнi елементи, функцiя pозподiлу, коефiцiєнт дифузiї PACS: 05.60.+w; 73.40; 66.10.Cb; 82.65.Fr 360

Physical processes in the fuel containing masses interacting with aqueous solutions in the “Shelter” object. Inhomogeneous diffusion of ions UO²⁺₂ , Cs⁺ in the system “glassy nuclear magma – water”

Репозитарії

Схожі ресурси