Temperature changes of Seebeck coefficient of SbSJ modified
The temperature dependency of Seebeck coefficient has been measured for a needle-shaped crystal of SbSJ:0.1%Cl. The measurements have been made in the temperature range from 190 K to 370 K. The obtained results made it possible to determine the type and the mechanisms of electric conduction.
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Інститут фізики конденсованих систем НАН України
1999
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| Zitieren: | Temperature changes of Seebeck coefficient of SbSJ modified / B. Garbarz // Condensed Matter Physics. — 1999. — Т. 2, № 4(20). — С. 621-624. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-1205872017-06-13T03:05:41Z Temperature changes of Seebeck coefficient of SbSJ modified Garbarz, B. The temperature dependency of Seebeck coefficient has been measured for a needle-shaped crystal of SbSJ:0.1%Cl. The measurements have been made in the temperature range from 190 K to 370 K. The obtained results made it possible to determine the type and the mechanisms of electric conduction. В роботі наведено результати вимірювань коефіцієнта Зеебека для кристалу SbSJ:0.1%Cl голкоподібної форми в діапазоні температур від 190 K до 370 K. Отримані результати дають можливість визначити тип і механізм електричної провідності в цьому кристалі. 1999 Article Temperature changes of Seebeck coefficient of SbSJ modified / B. Garbarz // Condensed Matter Physics. — 1999. — Т. 2, № 4(20). — С. 621-624. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. 1607-324X DOI:10.5488/CMP.2.4.621 PACS: 72.20.-i, 77.84.-s, 72.80.-r http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/120587 en Condensed Matter Physics Інститут фізики конденсованих систем НАН України |
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The temperature dependency of Seebeck coefficient has been measured for a needle-shaped crystal of SbSJ:0.1%Cl. The measurements have been made in the temperature range from 190 K to 370 K. The obtained results made it possible to determine the type and the mechanisms of electric conduction. |
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Garbarz, B. |
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Garbarz, B. Temperature changes of Seebeck coefficient of SbSJ modified Condensed Matter Physics |
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Garbarz, B. |
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Garbarz, B. |
| title |
Temperature changes of Seebeck coefficient of SbSJ modified |
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Temperature changes of Seebeck coefficient of SbSJ modified |
| title_full |
Temperature changes of Seebeck coefficient of SbSJ modified |
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Temperature changes of Seebeck coefficient of SbSJ modified |
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Temperature changes of Seebeck coefficient of SbSJ modified |
| title_sort |
temperature changes of seebeck coefficient of sbsj modified |
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Інститут фізики конденсованих систем НАН України |
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1999 |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/120587 |
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Temperature changes of Seebeck coefficient of SbSJ modified / B. Garbarz // Condensed Matter Physics. — 1999. — Т. 2, № 4(20). — С. 621-624. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
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Condensed Matter Physics |
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AT garbarzb temperaturechangesofseebeckcoefficientofsbsjmodified |
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2025-07-08T18:10:53Z |
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2025-07-08T18:10:53Z |
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1837103321425379328 |
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Condensed Matter Physics, 1999, Vol. 2, No. 4(20), pp. 621–624
Temperature changes of Seebeck
coefficient of SbSJ modified
B.Garbarz
Institute of Physics and Computer Science, Pedagogical University,
2 Podchora̧żych Str., 30-084 Kraków, Poland
Received September 1, 1998, in final form October 30, 1999
The temperature dependency of Seebeck coefficient has been measured
for a needle-shaped crystal of SbSJ:0.1%Cl. The measurements have been
made in the temperature range from 190 K to 370 K. The obtained results
made it possible to determine the type and the mechanisms of electric con-
duction.
Key words: SbSJ, Seebeck coefficient
PACS: 72.20.-i, 77.84.-s, 72.80.-r
1. Introduction
A remarkably interesting coexistence of ferroelectric and semiconducting prop-
erties and the possibility of their practical application causes a great interest in
investigating the semiconducting ferroelectric materials. They form a separate class
of non-linear ferroelectrics, in which several new phenomena and properties can be
observed, and in which most processes reveal specific singularities in the phase tran-
sition points. However, a great variety of structural defects, an indeterminate band
structure, a complicated dependence of current components, and so on, make them
inconvenient for investigations. Among the materials revealing the ferroelectric phase
transitions and, at the same time, the semiconducting properties, a special group
is formed by the complexes of A5B6C7-type. To this group belongs the antimony
sulphide iodide SbSJ.
Pure SbSJ has been investigated by various workers over the years [1–5]. Because
of too little information about the electric properties of SbSJ:0.01% Cl, the author
of this paper has undertaken the investigations of temperature changes of Seebeck
coefficient of this material.
The measurements were performed in the temperature range from 190 K to
370 K (this covers the ranges, where ferroelectric and paraelectric phases occur).
It was interesting to know whether the changes of Seebeck coefficient and of the
investigated quantities would take place.
c© B.Garbarz 621
B.Garbarz
2. Experiment
In order to determine the mechanisms of transport, the attempt to investigate
the Seebeck effect was undertaken. The applied method of measuring the Seebeck
coefficient has been described in [6]. The experiment was made using an automatic
measuring device, which gives linear changes of the temperature gradient in the
sample, while the average temperature of the sample remains constant at measuring
the thermoelectric power. The device allows for a simultaneous measurement of the
Seebeck coefficient. The temperature difference between two opposite surfaces of
the sample was changed from +6 K to –6 K with the rate of 1 K/min. During the
measurements the average temperature stabilized within the uncertainty of ±0.5 K.
The sample used in our measurements had the shape of a disk (the diameter d of
which was equal to 0.00377 m and the surface S was equal to 0.00006 m2) with the
deposited platinic electrodes. The platinum electrodes were placed on the sample by
means of the vacuum evaporation techniques.
3. Experimental results and discussion
The type of electrical conduction was determined based on of the sign of the
thermoelectric power of the sample-electrode colder junction. In SbSJ-modified, the
n type was observed.
The investigation of Seebeck effect consists in measuring the thermoelectric
power Eα at a fixed gradient of temperature ∆T in the sample. When changing
the magnitude and direction of the temperature gradient, the dependence Eα(∆t)
is determined at a constant average temperature of the system (figures 1,2).
Figure 1 shows the dependence of the thermoelectric power on the temperature
gradient. We can see that this dependence is linear and for different average tem-
peratures the parameters E0 are different. The dependence Eα = Eα(∆T ) can be
expressed by the equation: Eα = E0 + a∆T , where ∆T = T2 − T1, E0 – the value
the thermoelectric power for ∆T=0, T1, T2 – the temperatures of the surface of the
sample with electrodes.
The examples of temperature changes of E0 observed in SbSJ:0.1%Cl-crystals
are shown in figure 2. The character of temperature dependence of this quantity
is the evidence of its connection with the value and with the sign of the effective
polarization (of spontaneous polarization and space charge). The value E0 depends
on the history of the sample and particularly on the previous acting of an electric
field. It does not effect the value of the coefficient α.
Using the above equation the Seebeck coefficients for different average tempera-
tures are shown in figure 3. The course of the temperature dependence of Seebeck
coefficient (figure 3) and the fact, that it changes its sign with the change of tem-
perature indicate the significant contribution of both kinds of charge carriers (i.e.
electrons and holes) to the charge transport. The observed dependence can result
from the change of carriers number with the temperature change and with the loca-
tion of the acceptor and donor levels relative to the valence and conduction bands.
622
Temperature changes of Seebeck coefficient . . .
6,8
7,0
7,2
7,4
7,6
7,8
8,0
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
D T [K]
E
[m
V
]
324 K
330 K
361K
351 K
343 K
Figure 1. The dependence of the thermoelectric power versus temperature gra-
dient.
7
7,1
7,2
7,3
7,4
7,5
7,6
7,7
7,8
7,9
8
320 330 340 350 360 370
T [K]
E
0
[m
V
]
Figure 2. Temperature dependence of the thermoelectric power.
-0,2
-0,1
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
2,75 2,8 2,85 2,9 2,95 3 3,05 3,1 3,15
1000/T [K
-1
]
a
[m
v
/K
]
Figure 3. Temperature dependence of Seebeck coefficient.
623
B.Garbarz
References
1. Steigmeier E.F., Auderset H., Haberke G. The central peak in SbSJ. // Phys. Stat. Sol.
(b), 1975, vol. 70, p. 705–716.
2. Grigas J. Microwave Dielectric Spectroscopy of Ferroelectrics and Related Materials.
Gordon and Breach Publishers, 1996.
3. Fridkin V.M. Photo-ferroelectrics. Berlin, Heidelberg, New–York, Springer Verlag, 1979.
4. Gierzanicz E.I., Fridkin V.M. Segnetoelektriki Tipa AV BV I CV II . Moskwa, Nauka,
1962 (in Russian).
5. Kudzin A.Yu., Suhynski A.N. Wlijanie oswieszczenia na formirowanie pietli dielek-
triczeskogo gisterezisa monokristalow SbSJ. // Solid State Physics, 1969, vol. 11, No. 6,
p. 1389–1391.
6. Kuś C, Śmiga W., Suchanicz J. Temperature changes of the Seebeck coefficient for non-
stoichiometric NaNbO3. // Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis, 1988, vol. 1084, p. 185–
191.
Температурні зміни коефіцієнта Зеебека у
модифікованому SbSJ
Б.Гарбаж
Інститут фізики та обчислювальної техніки,
Педагогічний університет,
Польща, 30-084 Краків, вул. Подхоронжих, 1
Отримано 1 вересня 1998 р., в остаточному вигляді –
30 жовтня 1999 р.
В роботі наведено результати вимірювань коефіцієнта Зеебека для
кристалу SbSJ:0.1%Cl голкоподібної форми в діапазоні температур
від 190 K до 370 K. Отримані результати дають можливість визначити
тип і механізм електричної провідності в цьому кристалі.
Ключові слова: SbSJ, коефіцієнт Зеебека
PACS: 72.20.-i, 77.84.-s, 72.80.-r
624
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