Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases
The book edited by M.Inguscio, S.Stringari and C.E.Wieman contains the proceedings of the International School of Physics “Enrico Fermi” (Course CXL) which took place at Varenna on Lake Como, 7–17 July 1998. The problem of discussion – phenomenon of Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) in atomic ga...
Gespeichert in:
| Datum: | 2002 |
|---|---|
| 1. Verfasser: | |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Інститут фізики конденсованих систем НАН України
2002
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Condensed Matter Physics |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online Zugang: | http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/120604 |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Zitieren: | Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases / M.V. Tokarchuk // Condensed Matter Physics. — 2002. — Т. 5, № 2(30). — С. 363-365. — англ. |
Institution
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
irk-123456789-120604 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
irk-123456789-1206042017-06-14T17:46:11Z Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases Tokarchuk, M.V. Book Review The book edited by M.Inguscio, S.Stringari and C.E.Wieman contains the proceedings of the International School of Physics “Enrico Fermi” (Course CXL) which took place at Varenna on Lake Como, 7–17 July 1998. The problem of discussion – phenomenon of Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) in atomic gases – incorporated both the experiments related to BEC and theoretical considerations. 2002 Article Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases / M.V. Tokarchuk // Condensed Matter Physics. — 2002. — Т. 5, № 2(30). — С. 363-365. — англ. 1607-324X http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/120604 en Condensed Matter Physics Інститут фізики конденсованих систем НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Book Review Book Review |
| spellingShingle |
Book Review Book Review Tokarchuk, M.V. Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases Condensed Matter Physics |
| description |
The book edited by M.Inguscio, S.Stringari and
C.E.Wieman contains the proceedings of the International
School of Physics “Enrico Fermi” (Course CXL)
which took place at Varenna on Lake Como, 7–17 July
1998. The problem of discussion – phenomenon of
Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) in atomic gases
– incorporated both the experiments related to BEC
and theoretical considerations. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Tokarchuk, M.V. |
| author_facet |
Tokarchuk, M.V. |
| author_sort |
Tokarchuk, M.V. |
| title |
Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases |
| title_short |
Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases |
| title_full |
Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases |
| title_fullStr |
Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases |
| title_sort |
bose-einstein condensation in atomic gases |
| publisher |
Інститут фізики конденсованих систем НАН України |
| publishDate |
2002 |
| topic_facet |
Book Review |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/120604 |
| citation_txt |
Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic
gases / M.V. Tokarchuk // Condensed Matter Physics. — 2002. — Т. 5, № 2(30). — С. 363-365. — англ. |
| series |
Condensed Matter Physics |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT tokarchukmv boseeinsteincondensationinatomicgases |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-08T18:12:42Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-08T18:12:42Z |
| _version_ |
1837103436188876800 |
| fulltext |
Condensed Matter Physics, 2002, Vol. 5, No. 2(30), pp. 363–365
Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic
gases
(Proceedings of the International School of Physics
“Enrico Fermi”)
Received May 23, 2002
The book edited by M.Inguscio, S.Stringari and
C.E.Wieman contains the proceedings of the Interna-
tional School of Physics “Enrico Fermi” (Course CXL)
which took place at Varenna on Lake Como, 7–17 Ju-
ly 1998. The problem of discussion – phenomenon of
Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) in atomic gases
– incorporated both the experiments related to BEC
and theoretical considerations.
There are 21 articles in the Proceedings presented
by lecturers that are highly skilled specialists in this
branch of condensed matter physics. In the beginning
we can read a profound historical review by A.Griffin
that describes the stages of understanding the BEC
starting from Bose and Einstein papers in the ear-
ly 1920-ies up to Beliaev’s contribution in the mid-
dle of 1960-ies. The author has mentioned the names
of F.London, L.Tisza, L.D.Landau, N.N.Bogoliubov,
L.Onsager, R.P.Feynman – the cohort of outstanding
scientists whose contribution to the understanding of
low temperature phenomena in condensed matter physics can be hardly overesti-
mated. At the same time the reader is guided through the main points of the theo-
retical frameworks elaborated by these physicists: the two-fluid concept, “new” hy-
drodynamics introduced by L.D.Landau to describe superfluid phenomena, a quasi-
particle dispersion relations, the wave-functions formalism for the description of
many-particle quantum states and so on.
Another article by E.A.Cornell, J.R.Ensher and C.E.Weiman is a very inter-
esting survey of experiments in dilute atomic BEC. Starting from a basic model
of an ideal gas with subsequent sophistication of the picture due to the effects of
interactions, the authors described plenty of nontrivial phenomena like laser and
evaporative cooling in atomic gases, magnetic trapping of the particles. The concept
c© M.V.Tokarchuk 363
M.V.Tokarchuk
of the “phase” of a condensate is introduced and overviewed in connection with the
problem of quantum decoherence. A topical problem of the heating of the system
from primary and secondary scattering of the particles is discussed in the context
of both experimental setup and theoretical consideration.
An article by W.Ketterle, D.S.Durfee and D.M.Stamper-Kurn is a logical con-
tinuation of the previous paper enriched by the addition of the sections related to
thermodynamics of Bose condensates at non-zero temperatures as well as to hy-
drodynamics. A good portion of the work to be done in the future is marked in
“challenged ahead problems” like studying the transition from discrete modes to
continuous sound propagation or possible chaotic propagation of localized excita-
tions.
In the lecture given by D.Kleppner, T.J.Greytak, T.C.Killian, D.G.Fried, L.Will-
mann, D.Landhuis and S.C.Moss there is a good piece of experimental data on BEC
of atomic hydrogen (spectra of trapped hydrogen before and after condensation, time
evolution of the condensate) accompanied by basic formulas related to the energy
distribution of H atoms in the scattering processes.
Much more detailed explanation of the above mentioned dynamic properties of a
dilute low-temperature trapped Bose condensate is presented in theoretical review by
A.L.Fetter. The lecture starts with a brief review of scattering theory, proceeds with
the Bogoliubov’s concept of quasiparticles and basic physics of the Gross-Pitaevskii
equation and covers hydrodynamics of a dilute trapped Bose gas in application to
vortex prediction in superfluid 4He.
Another viewpoint regarding the excitations for a trapped gas based on the
mean-field theory is presented in the lecture by K.Burnett. A step beyond mean-
field approximation because of quantum fluctuations in BEC gas has been made in
the paper by L.P.Pitaevskii.
Of great interest for both experimentalists and theorists is the subject of colli-
sional dynamics of ultracold atomic gases. The problem could be sophisticated when
the investigator locates BEC into electromagnetic fields, where a sample undergoes
the influence of radiative forces. Hence, one is able to manipulate BEC with light
in various laser induced experiments. The mentioned phenomena have been investi-
gated in the papers by J.Dalibard, D.J.Neinzen and K.Helmerson with co-workers,
where a reader could accomplish a transfer from theoretical schemes based on mod-
el potentials (Wan der Waals, 1/r3-potential, inelastic collisions) to the particular
scattering experiments in ultracold rubidium, lithium, sodium or trapping of neutral
atoms and BEC by external fields.
More specific types of traps (planar surfaces, quadrupole-Ioffe configuration traps,
iron-core electromagnets) are considered in the papers of D.Schneble et al, T.Essling-
er et al and A.Aspect et al. The first lecture gives us an example of a low-dimensional
gas behaviour in a single potential well of a standing light wave at a distance less
than 1 µm from a metallic surface while the processes of magnetic trapping and
evaporative cooling of BEC in a high magnetic field are the subjects of investigation
in the second and the third articles.
Since its theoretical prediction, the Josephson effect has played a major role in
364
Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases
the physics and technology of superconductors, superfluids and Bose condensed sys-
tems. Some aspects of different types of the Josephson effect (external spatial and
internal hyperfine) together with quantum self-trapping and macroscopic interfer-
ence between separate BEC are touched upon in the lecture by F.Sols.
We also need to mention the paper by E.Arimondo, E.Cerboneschi and H.Wu,
where very interesting results of Monte Carlo simulation for evaporative cooling
in BEC are presented for reader’s attention. The effect of the condensate fraction
growth after a very fast evaporation has been observed and the rate constant for the
condensate formation has been derived during this computer simulation.
We did not mention the remainder of the papers though they undoubtedly de-
serve a close attention of the reader interested in the theory and experiments of
BEC in atomic gases. We believe it is not a complicated task to pick up a specific
information from this book of Proceedings or to perform an exciting tour together
with authors through the stages of the development of BEC-related experiments or
theoretical concepts. Even if someone did not find all the answers to the questions
that emerged during studying of this course of lectures, the forthcoming papers an-
nounced in this book and the “challenged ahead problems” could shed more light
on the understanding of Bose-Einstein condensation in various systems.
M.V.Tokarchuk
365
366
|