Synthesis of highly doped Nd:YAG powder by the SOL-GEL method
The sol-gel method was used for synthesizing Nd:YAG powder. The process contains several steps, for example solving in acid, mixing, evaporation etc. The XRD analysis of prepared powder by sol-gel method showed that the YAG single phase is resulted by heat treatment at 900 ºC for 2 hr. By SEM the ho...
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Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України
2005
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| Назва видання: | Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics |
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| Цитувати: | Synthesis of highly doped Nd:YAG powder by the SOL-GEL method / J. B . Hasani, M. F. Farmahini, F. Hajiesmaeilbaigi // Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics. — 2005. — Т. 8, № 1. — С. 87-89. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ |
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irk-123456789-1206452017-06-13T03:02:37Z Synthesis of highly doped Nd:YAG powder by the SOL-GEL method Hajiesmaeilbaigi, F. Farmahini, M. F. Hasani, J.B. The sol-gel method was used for synthesizing Nd:YAG powder. The process contains several steps, for example solving in acid, mixing, evaporation etc. The XRD analysis of prepared powder by sol-gel method showed that the YAG single phase is resulted by heat treatment at 900 ºC for 2 hr. By SEM the homogeneity of Nd distribution in the YAG lattice was observed. 2005 Article Synthesis of highly doped Nd:YAG powder by the SOL-GEL method / J. B . Hasani, M. F. Farmahini, F. Hajiesmaeilbaigi // Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics. — 2005. — Т. 8, № 1. — С. 87-89. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ 1560-8034 PACS: 81.20.Fw http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/120645 en Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України |
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The sol-gel method was used for synthesizing Nd:YAG powder. The process contains several steps, for example solving in acid, mixing, evaporation etc. The XRD analysis of prepared powder by sol-gel method showed that the YAG single phase is resulted by heat treatment at 900 ºC for 2 hr. By SEM the homogeneity of Nd distribution in the YAG lattice was observed. |
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Article |
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Hajiesmaeilbaigi, F. Farmahini, M. F. Hasani, J.B. |
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Hajiesmaeilbaigi, F. Farmahini, M. F. Hasani, J.B. Synthesis of highly doped Nd:YAG powder by the SOL-GEL method Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics |
| author_facet |
Hajiesmaeilbaigi, F. Farmahini, M. F. Hasani, J.B. |
| author_sort |
Hajiesmaeilbaigi, F. |
| title |
Synthesis of highly doped Nd:YAG powder by the SOL-GEL method |
| title_short |
Synthesis of highly doped Nd:YAG powder by the SOL-GEL method |
| title_full |
Synthesis of highly doped Nd:YAG powder by the SOL-GEL method |
| title_fullStr |
Synthesis of highly doped Nd:YAG powder by the SOL-GEL method |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Synthesis of highly doped Nd:YAG powder by the SOL-GEL method |
| title_sort |
synthesis of highly doped nd:yag powder by the sol-gel method |
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Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України |
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2005 |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/120645 |
| citation_txt |
Synthesis of highly doped Nd:YAG powder by the SOL-GEL method / J. B . Hasani, M. F. Farmahini, F. Hajiesmaeilbaigi // Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics. — 2005. — Т. 8, № 1. — С. 87-89. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ |
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Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics |
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2025-07-08T18:16:31Z |
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2025-07-08T18:16:31Z |
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| fulltext |
Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2005. V. 8, N 1. P. 87-89.
PACS: 81.20.Fw
Synthesis of highly doped Nd:YAG powder by SOL-GEL method
Jahangir Hasani Barbaran, Morteza Farmahini Farahani, Fereshteh Hajiesmaeilbaigi
Solid State Lasers Div. Laser Research Center, Tehran, P.O.Box 14155-1339, Iran
Phone/fax:8008592
E-mail: jhasani2000@yahoo.com, morteza_farmahini@yahoo.com, fbaibi2000@yahoo.com.
Abstract. The sol-gel method was used for synthesizing Nd:YAG powder. The process
contains several steps, for example solving in acid, mixing, evaporation etc. The XRD
analysis of prepared powder by sol-gel method showed that the YAG single phase is
resulted by heat treatment at 900 ºC for 2 hr. By SEM the homogeneity of Nd
distribution in the YAG lattice was observed.
Keywords: laser ceramics, Nd:YAG, sol-gel synthesis.
Manuscript received 14.12.04; accepted for publication 18.05.05.
1. Introduction
Nd:YAG (Nd doped Y3Al5O12) single crystals are widely
used in solid state lasers. The method of growing these
single crystals requires long process time and high level
of experience and has limitation of crystal size.
Therefore recently preparation of transparent ceramic
Nd:YAG has been propounded. In this work sol-gel
method was used for synthesizing Nd: YAG powder
which can be sintered to transparent ceramic Nd:YAG
for laser application [1-4].
Compared with YAG single crystal, transparent
ceramic laser materials have the following advantages
[5]: 1) easy of fabrication; 2) less expensive;
3) fabrication of large size and high concentration;
4) multilayer and multifunctional ceramic structure;
5) mass production 6) several dopants available:
Nd3+,Er3+, Yb3+, Cr4+, Tm 3+, etc.
Previously, Akin, et al. [6] prepared YAG powder
by Self-Propagating Combustion Synthesis, then Chung
et al. [7] used citrate gel method for synthesis of YAG
powder. Also Edita Graskite et al. [8] reported that the
single-phase Ln:YAG (Ln = Ce, Nd, Ho, Er) is formed
after heating of resulted powder by sol-gel method at
1000 ºC. In the present study, single phase of Nd:YAG
powder with 4 at % Nd concentration was synthesized
by sol-gel method at 900 ºC.
2. Experimental procedure
High pure Nd2O3, Y2O3 and Al(NO3)3.9H2O were used
with stoichiometric amounts as the starting materials.
The 4 at % Nd concentration of Nd:YAG was selected.
First 27.0855 gr Y2O3 was dissolved in acetic acid at 70-
80 ºC, then 1.6817 gr Nd2O3 was dissolved in acetic acid
and added to the previous solution. Also 156.239 gr
Aluminum nitrate dissolved in distilled water was added.
The resulting mixture was stirred for 3 hours at about
65 ºC. After that 1,2-ethanediol was added to the above
solution and stirred for 3 hr at 65 ºC. Then it was
evaporated while stirring at 65 ْ C and finally the
transparent gel was obtained. This gel was dried at
110 ºC, then grounded and preheated at 800 ºC for 2 hr
in an air atmosphere, the white powder was produced.
The resulted powder after grinding again, was heated at
900 ºC for 2 hr in an air atmosphere.
The present phases in the heat treated powder were
examined by powder XRD with CuKα radiation
(3003 pts, SEIFERT). The Study of the microstructure
and morphology of the powder were performed by
EDXS analysis and SEM (Model XL30, Phillips,
Holland).
3. Results and discussion
The XRD pattern of the heated powder to 900 ºC for 2 hr
and cooled to room temperature are shown in Fig. 1.
This figure exhibit only the YAG phase, and it is in a
good agreement with the reference of Y3Al5O12 (card N
33-40). Therefore 900 ºC is enough temperature to
resulting Nd:YAG single phase.
Also Fig. 2 shows Graskite experience that indicate
the XRD pattern of an Er:YAG sample synthesized at
1100 ºC. The prepared powder investigated by EDAX
and SEM. The distribution of Nd over the entire
measured area of the YAG phase is shown in Fig. 3. The
bright points in this figure are Nd. This micrograph
exhibits very homogeneous distribution of Nd in the
structure.
The morphology of the heat treated powder at
900 ºC for 2 hr, is shown in Fig. 4. In this figure necks
formed between particles indicate that bondings between
them have been started and therefore agglomeration is
observed in some places.
© 2005, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
87
mailto:jhasani2000@yahoo.com
mailto:morteza_farmahini@yahoo.com
mailto:fbaibi2000@yahoo.com
Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2005. V. 8, N 1. P. 87-89.
Fig. 1. XRD pattern of the powder (prepared by sol-gel method) heated at 900 ºC for 2 hr.
Fig. 2. XRD pattern of Er doped YAG ceramic sample
synthesized by the sol-gel method at 1000 ºC (Graskite
experience) [8].
Fig. 3. Distribution of Nd in the YAG structure.
Fig. 4. SEM micrograph of the powder (prepared by the sol-gel
method) heated at 900 ºC for 2 hr.
4. Conclusions
Nd:YAG powder with 4 at % Nd concentration was
synthesized by the sol-gel method. The XRD analysis of
prepared powder showed that the YAG single phase is
resulted by heat treatment at 900 ºC for 2 hr. Also by
sol-gel method, homogeneous distribution of Nd over
the YAG phase area was obtained. The agglomeration of
the powder particles after heating at 900 for 2 hr was
observed.
References
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emission of highly doped Nd:yttrium aluminum
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© 2005, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
88
Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2005. V. 8, N 1. P. 87-89.
2. J. Lu, T. Murai, K. Takaichi, et al., 72 w
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© 2005, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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