Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot’ko (To the centenary of her birthday) (1906–1995)
The issue in your hands (Low-Temperature Spectroscopy and Optics) is dedicated to the memory of Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot'ko, whose centenary is celebrated by scientific community in 2006.
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| Datum: | 2006 |
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| Sprache: | English |
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Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України
2006
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| Schriftenreihe: | Физика низких температур |
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| Zitieren: | Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot’ko (To the centenary of her birthday) (1906–1995) // Физика низких температур. — 2006. — Т. 32, № 11. — С. 1296. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-1208822017-06-18T11:52:51Z Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot’ko (To the centenary of her birthday) (1906–1995) Quantum Liquids and Solids The issue in your hands (Low-Temperature Spectroscopy and Optics) is dedicated to the memory of Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot'ko, whose centenary is celebrated by scientific community in 2006. 2006 Article Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot’ko (To the centenary of her birthday) (1906–1995) // Физика низких температур. — 2006. — Т. 32, № 11. — С. 1296. — англ. 0132-6414 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/120882 en Физика низких температур Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України |
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Quantum Liquids and Solids Quantum Liquids and Solids |
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Quantum Liquids and Solids Quantum Liquids and Solids Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot’ko (To the centenary of her birthday) (1906–1995) Физика низких температур |
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The issue in your hands (Low-Temperature Spectroscopy
and Optics) is dedicated to the memory of
Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot'ko, whose centenary is
celebrated by scientific community in 2006. |
| format |
Article |
| title |
Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot’ko (To the centenary of her birthday) (1906–1995) |
| title_short |
Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot’ko (To the centenary of her birthday) (1906–1995) |
| title_full |
Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot’ko (To the centenary of her birthday) (1906–1995) |
| title_fullStr |
Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot’ko (To the centenary of her birthday) (1906–1995) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot’ko (To the centenary of her birthday) (1906–1995) |
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antonina fedorovna prikhot’ko (to the centenary of her birthday) (1906–1995) |
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Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України |
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2006 |
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Quantum Liquids and Solids |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/120882 |
| citation_txt |
Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot’ko
(To the centenary of her birthday)
(1906–1995) // Физика низких температур. — 2006. — Т. 32, № 11. — С. 1296. — англ. |
| series |
Физика низких температур |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-08T18:48:36Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-08T18:48:36Z |
| _version_ |
1837105697330823168 |
| fulltext |
Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot’ko
(To the centenary of her birthday)
(1906–1995)
The issue in your hands (Low-Temperature Spec-
troscopy and Optics) is dedicated to the memory of
Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot'ko, whose centenary is
celebrated by scientific community in 2006. Everyone who
knew and remember her has remained in the memory this
handsome and active woman and highly educated and wise
person. But this is not so essential. The main thing is that
she was an outstanding scientist, a prominent organizer,
and the founder and the head of the internationally known
spectoscopic school of experimentalists.
A.F. Prikhot'ko was born on April 26, 1906 in Pyati-
gorsk. She graduated from a high school in Kislovodsk, and
decided to go on with her education in Leningrad (Sankt
Petersburg), where she entered the Department of Physics
and Mathematics at the Polytechnical Institute. Un-
doubtedly, she was lucky because the lectures were given
there by À.F. Ioffe, S.Ya. Frenkel, the future Nobel Prize
winner N.N. Semenov, and D.V. Skobeltsin. Just at that
time she started to work under supervision of the famous
scientist Prof. I.V. Obreimov with whom she, being a
student, made her first research work. It was I.V. Obreimov
who invited her in 1930 to Kharkov, the capital of Ukraine
at that time, where he was appointed to a post of the
director of the Ukrainian Physico-Technical Institute estab-
lished in 1929. In the 30s it was at that Institute that such
outstanding physicists of the XX century as L.D. Landau
and L.V. Shubnikov worked, the first in the former USSR
cryogenic laboratory was created, and the low-temperature
optics of molecules and crystals became one of the leading
lines of research.
In the 40s A.F. Prikhot'ko measured low-temperature
spectra of a great number of organic and inorganic
crystals. She also took interest in solid oxygen and started
to study its extraordinary bimolecular absorption the
nature of which had remained unknown for many decades.
In 1943, during the Second World War, A.F. Prikhot'ko
defended her thesis for a Doctor’s degree and became
Doctor in Physics and Mathematics, the first woman —
Doctor in the USSR. It should be noted that although,
later on she was elected a Full Member of National
Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine, she had still
remained the only of the physicists woman of this status.
After the War A.F. Prikhot'ko left for Kiev to the
Institute of Physics of NAS of Ukraine, where she worked
for half a century. At that Institute she proceeded with
her work and brought up a pleiad of the brilliant physi-
cists-experimentalists among which were Ì.Ò. Shpak, V.L.
Broude, Ì.S. Brodin, V.V. Eremenko, C.M. Ryab-
chenko, Ì.S. Soskin, I.Ya. Fugol’ and many others.
As for A.F. Prikhot'ko’s achievements in science, we
think that the main result that brought fame to her was
the discovery of the collective excitonic nature of the
excited electronic states in molecular crystals. The states
of small radius in nonmetallic crystals were first consi-
dered by the prominent theorist Ya.I. Frenkel. These
states were called Frenkel excitons the discovery of
which as a new type of quasi-particles had been made just
by A.F. Prikhot'ko. In fact, she was the first to observe
and to prove experimentally the existence of polarized
doublets in molecular crystals with several (in particular,
two) molecules in a unit cell. The principal moment was
a reliable verification of the doublets occurrence in those
cases where the electronic term of molecules proved to
be a nondegenerate one. That was also done by A.F.
Prikhot'ko. Later on, these doublets were called Davy-
dov’s ones in honour of A.S. Davydov, the author of the
consistent theory of molecular excitons.
The pioneer studies of A.F. Prikhot'ko and her dis-
ciples were internationally highly appreciated and the
physics of molecular excitons became an independent and
universally recognized direction in solid state physics.
For her discovery and investigation of excitonic states in
crystals A.F. Prikhot'ko was given in 1966 science award
— Lenin Prize, and in 1976 she received the highest (in
the USSR) State award — Hero of Socialist Labour Gold
Star. Note that by that time the exciton research were
conducted almost in every country but A.F. Prikhot'ko
was their recognized leader.
Beginning with the 70s she returned to bimolecular
spectra of solid oxygen, which she managed to study at
T � 1 K, and unexpectedly revealed that all the lines of
its low-temperature �-phase were doublets despite the
fact that the Davydov splitting in it is impossible. The
theorists enlisted to explain that phenomenon obtained
another unexpected result: the Davydov splitting is
really impossible for the region of single-molecular
absorption. As for the bimolecular one, it is necessarily
doublet if the absorption lines correspond biexcitons
(coupled states of Frenkel excitons) and, what is more
important, the doublet lines are polarized! To test the
theory required a single crystal of �-oxygen, that could
not have been grown so far anyone despite all efforts.
Having looked thoroughly into the reason of failures with
coworkers L.I. Shanski and Yu.G. Picus, A.F. Prikhot'ko
solved this very difficult a methodical problem, and after
many attempts the oxygen single crystals were grown.
The ensuing experiments provided support for the theory.
So we can state that the comprehensive study and proof
of the collective behavior of states (electronic, vibronic)
in molecular condensed systems (polymers and biomo-
lecules included) belong by right to A.F. Prikhot'ko and
her school.
But not only this. Without overestimation, it must be
acknowledged that A.F. Prikhot'ko is the author of one
more discovery: somewhere in middle of the 70s she
discovered cryocrystals, not as the large family of solids,
but as a new physical concept which replaced the term
«solidified gases» used for many years, and which she did
not like because of its inherent inconsistency. The
physical community approved the new term at once, and
it became popular.
Antonina Fedorovna Prikhot'ko had lived long and
rich in events life. She had succeeded in many things. In
particular, her support had favoured the development of
such modern directions as laser physics, holography,
optics of nanomaterials and liquid crystal systems,
cryocrystal physics, high-temperature superconductivity,
in searches of which were intensively involved her co-
workers and in which she belived long before the dis-
covery of copper oxides.
The papers dedicated to memory A.F. Prikhot'ko and
published in this issue of «Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur»
reflect adequately her own interests and the directions
promoted by her as well those had recently appeared in
the frame of condensed matter physics.
The contributions cover experimental and theoretical
investigations of quantum and classical solids as well as
clusters and nanoobjects. The review by Moroshkin et al.
surveys the studies of defects in solid 4He which were
performed employing a number of optical spectroscopy
methods. Lattice distortion of solid He under pressure is
considered theoretically by Tretyak et al. with the focus
on many-body forces. The paper by Kolmakov et al. deals
with generation and propagation of nonlinear and shock
sound waves in the superfluid phase of 4He.
The high-pressure crystalline phases of classical cryo-
crystals (CO2) were studied using the infrared absorption
spectroscopy by Giordano et al. The authors present the
first data on phases II and IV. Extraordinary behavior of
the isochoric thermal conductivity of solid CO2 doped
with rare-gas atoms was found and explained by Kon-
stantinov et al. The paper by Minenko and Jodl presents
interesting results on the N2–O2 binary system probed
by the infrared absorption spectroscopy. The effect of
oxygen admixture on relaxation processes in pre-irra-
diated Ar cryocrystals is discussed by Savchenko et al.
The paper by Jezowski et al. deals with magnetic sus-
ceptibility of O2 cryocrystals.
Interesting aspects of spectro-temporal holography and
hole-burning studies in molecular doped solids are reviewed
by Galaup. The hole-burning spectroscopy employed by
Somoza and Friedrich enabled the authors to study in detail
quantum effect which consists in rotation tunneling of
methyl groups. Important spectroscopic data on crystalline
ortho-bromobenzophenone are presented in the paper by
Avdeenko et al. The paper by Ostapenko et al. is concerned
with the spectroscopy of nanosized silicon-organic polymers
incorporated into porous silica materials. The data on
structure and photo-induced reactivity of malonaldehyde
and acetylacetone in N2 matrices are presented by Trivella
et al. The contributions by Kanaev et al., Tachibana et al.
and Gilb et al. focus on clusters properties with the accent
on size effects. The theory of exciton condensation in
quantum wells is presented by Sugakov. The contribution
by Gaididei and Loktev presents the idea concerning an
increase of the critical temperature of superconducting
transition in multiwall nanotubes.
Vadim Loktev
Elena Savchenko
1296 Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2006, v. 32, No. 11
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