Fluorescent Mueller-matrix polarimetry of biological tissues in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors
The work is aimed at investigation of diagnostic efficiency provided by a new azimuthally stable Mueller-matrix method for analyzing laser fluorescence coordinate distributions characterizing biological tissue histological sections. A new model of generalized optical anisotropy of biological tissues...
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Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України
2015
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irk-123456789-1211542017-06-14T03:02:56Z Fluorescent Mueller-matrix polarimetry of biological tissues in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors Ushenko, Yu.O. Lakusta, I.I. Olar, O.I. Novakovska, O.Yu. The work is aimed at investigation of diagnostic efficiency provided by a new azimuthally stable Mueller-matrix method for analyzing laser fluorescence coordinate distributions characterizing biological tissue histological sections. A new model of generalized optical anisotropy of biological tissues containing protein networks has been proposed in order to ascertain the processes of laser autofluorescence. The influence of complex mechanisms of both phase anisotropy (linear birefringence and optical activity) and linear (circular) dichroism was taken into account. The interrelations between the azimuthally stable Mueller-matrix elements characterizing laser autofluorescence and different mechanisms of optical anisotropy have been determined. The statistic analysis of coordinate distributions of these Mueller-matrix rotation invariants has been offered. Thereupon the quantitative criteria (statistic moments of the 1st to 4th orders) of differentiation of histological sections of uterus wall tumor – group 1 (dysplasia) and group 2 (adenocarcinoma) have been estimated. 2015 Article Fluorescent Mueller-matrix polarimetry of biological tissues in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors / Yu.O. Ushenko, I.I. Lakusta, O.I. Olar, O.Yu. Novakovska // Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics. — 2015. — Т. 18, № 1. — С. 181-187. — Бібліогр.: 31 назв. — англ. 1560-8034 DOI: 10.15407/spqeo18.02.181 PACS 87.50.wp, 87.57.-s, 87.64.-t, 87.85.Pq http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/121154 en Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України |
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The work is aimed at investigation of diagnostic efficiency provided by a new azimuthally stable Mueller-matrix method for analyzing laser fluorescence coordinate distributions characterizing biological tissue histological sections. A new model of generalized optical anisotropy of biological tissues containing protein networks has been proposed in order to ascertain the processes of laser autofluorescence. The influence of complex mechanisms of both phase anisotropy (linear birefringence and optical activity) and linear (circular) dichroism was taken into account. The interrelations between the azimuthally stable Mueller-matrix elements characterizing laser autofluorescence and different mechanisms of optical anisotropy have been determined. The statistic analysis of coordinate distributions of these Mueller-matrix rotation invariants has been offered. Thereupon the quantitative criteria (statistic moments of the 1st to 4th orders) of differentiation of histological sections of uterus wall tumor – group 1 (dysplasia) and group 2 (adenocarcinoma) have been estimated. |
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Ushenko, Yu.O. Lakusta, I.I. Olar, O.I. Novakovska, O.Yu. |
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Ushenko, Yu.O. Lakusta, I.I. Olar, O.I. Novakovska, O.Yu. Fluorescent Mueller-matrix polarimetry of biological tissues in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics |
| author_facet |
Ushenko, Yu.O. Lakusta, I.I. Olar, O.I. Novakovska, O.Yu. |
| author_sort |
Ushenko, Yu.O. |
| title |
Fluorescent Mueller-matrix polarimetry of biological tissues in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors |
| title_short |
Fluorescent Mueller-matrix polarimetry of biological tissues in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors |
| title_full |
Fluorescent Mueller-matrix polarimetry of biological tissues in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors |
| title_fullStr |
Fluorescent Mueller-matrix polarimetry of biological tissues in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Fluorescent Mueller-matrix polarimetry of biological tissues in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors |
| title_sort |
fluorescent mueller-matrix polarimetry of biological tissues in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors |
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Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України |
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2015 |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/121154 |
| citation_txt |
Fluorescent Mueller-matrix polarimetry of biological tissues in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors / Yu.O. Ushenko, I.I. Lakusta, O.I. Olar, O.Yu. Novakovska // Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics. — 2015. — Т. 18, № 1. — С. 181-187. — Бібліогр.: 31 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT ushenkoyuo fluorescentmuellermatrixpolarimetryofbiologicaltissuesindifferentiationofbenignandmalignanttumors AT lakustaii fluorescentmuellermatrixpolarimetryofbiologicaltissuesindifferentiationofbenignandmalignanttumors AT olaroi fluorescentmuellermatrixpolarimetryofbiologicaltissuesindifferentiationofbenignandmalignanttumors AT novakovskaoyu fluorescentmuellermatrixpolarimetryofbiologicaltissuesindifferentiationofbenignandmalignanttumors |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-08T19:18:00Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-08T19:18:00Z |
| _version_ |
1837107558352945152 |
| fulltext |
Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2015. V. 18, N 2. P. 181-187.
doi: 10.15407/spqeo18.02.181
© 2015, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
181
PACS 87.50.wp, 87.57.-s, 87.64.-t, 87.85.Pq
Fluorescent Mueller-matrix polarimetry of biological tissues
in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors
Yu.O. Ushenko
1
, I.I. Lakusta
1
, O.I. Olar
2
, O.Yu. Novakovska
2
1
Chernivtsi National University, Correlation Optics Department,
2, Kotsyubinsky str., 58012 Chernivtsi, Ukraine
2
Bukovinian State Medical University, 58000 Chernivtsi, Ukraine
E-mail: a.dubolazov@chnu.edu.ua
Abstract. The work is aimed at investigation of diagnostic efficiency provided by a new
azimuthally stable Mueller-matrix method for analyzing laser fluorescence coordinate
distributions characterizing biological tissue histological sections. A new model of
generalized optical anisotropy of biological tissues containing protein networks has been
proposed in order to ascertain the processes of laser autofluorescence. The influence of
complex mechanisms of both phase anisotropy (linear birefringence and optical activity)
and linear (circular) dichroism was taken into account. The interrelations between the
azimuthally stable Mueller-matrix elements characterizing laser autofluorescence and
different mechanisms of optical anisotropy have been determined. The statistic analysis
of coordinate distributions of these Mueller-matrix rotation invariants has been offered.
Thereupon the quantitative criteria (statistic moments of the 1st to 4th orders) of
differentiation of histological sections of uterus wall tumor – group 1 (dysplasia) and
group 2 (adenocarcinoma) have been estimated.
Keywords: fluorescent biopsy, biological tissues, malignant tumors of uterus wall.
Manuscript received 06.11.14; revised version received 24.02.15; accepted for
publication 27.02.15; published online 08.06.15.
1. Introduction
Biological tissues represent structurally heterogeneous
optical anisotropic media with absorption. To describe
interactions of polarized light with these complex
systems more generalized approximations are required,
for example those based on Mueller-matrix formalism.
Nowadays, many practical techniques including
measurements and analysis of Mueller matrices
corresponding to the investigated samples are applied in
biological and medical researches [1-5]. A separate
direction – laser polarimetry – was formed in matrix
optics in recent 10-15 years [6-10].
In parallel to polarimetric methods, the
fluorescence ones are being actively developed. These
methods are grounded on the diagnostic use of
fluorescence effects in protein molecules and their
complexes. Consequently, the valid results concerning
the cancer fluorescence diagnostic of cavitary organs
were obtained [11-16].
In this research, the model of generalized optical
anisotropy inherent to the tissues of women’s
reproductive sphere is suggested, and on its basis the
method of Mueller-matrix mapping of laser polarization
autofluorescence of histological sections taken from
biopsy of benign (dysplasia) and malignant
(adenocarcinoma) tumors of uterus wall was applied.
2. Brief theory
In this work, we have limited ourselves by considering
the spectral-selective case – luminescence of optically
Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2015. V. 18, N 2. P. 181-187.
doi: 10.15407/spqeo18.02.181
© 2015, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
182
active porphyrins of biological tissue in red (λf =
0.63…0.65 μm) spectral range [17-31]. Excitation of
autofluorescence was realized using a blue solid-state
laser with the wavelength λ = 0.405 μm that coincides
with the porphyrin absorption peak.
The following model ideas concerning optical
anisotropy of protein networks are used as the basis for
the description of laser polarization autofluorescence of
biological tissues.
The formation of laser polarization autofluo-
rescence is based on the mechanisms of optically
anisotropic absorption (linear and circular dichroism)
[18]; fluorescence of porphyrin molecules (“linear”
oscillators) and generated by them networks (“elliptical”
oscillators) [19] and mechanisms of phase anisotropy
(linear and circular birefringence) that modulate the
fluorescent radiation of protein molecules and their
structures. The mentioned scenario can be described by
using Mueller-matrix formalism.
2.1. Absorption – Amino acids and polypeptide
chains (primary structure of protein) made by them form
the fibrillar (secondary structure) protein networks
possessing the linear dichroism. Optical manifestations
of such a mechanism are exhaustively described by the
next Mueller matrices:
44
333231
232221
1312
000
0
0
01
, where
.2
,2cos22sin1
,2sin1
,2sin22cos1
,2sin1
,2cos1
44
22
33
3223
22
22
3113
2112
ik (1)
Here,
y
x
,
sin
cos
y
x
, yx , –
absorption coefficients of linearly polarized orthogonal
components of the light beam amplitude.
Availability of complex spiral-like structures or
their combinations (third-order structure) of polypeptide
protein structures forms the circular dichroism. Optical
manifestations of these configuration peculiarities are
characterized by the Mueller matrix:
100
000
000
001
41
33
22
14
, where
.
1
2
,
1
1
24114
2
2
3322
g
g
g
g
ik (2)
Here,
gg
gg
g ,
gg , are absorption
indices of left- ( ) and right-hand ( ) circularly
polarized components of light beam amplitude.
2.2. Fluorescence – Polarization appearance of
porphyrin fluorescence is characterized by Mueller-
matrix provided in [20]
44
33
2221
12
000
000
00
001
F
F
FF
F
F , where
.cos2
,cos2
,cos1
,sin
,sin
44
33
2
22
2
2112
2
11
1
11
cF
bF
bF
bFF
baF
FFik . (3)
Here, θ is the scattering angle; a and b are the
interrelated constants for the system of linear oscillators
in isotropic medium, which are defined by the following
relations
2cos15.0a , (4)
1cos325.0 2 b , (5)
where ε is the angle between the emission dipole and the
polarization azimuth of the exciting beam. There are two
experimentally important cases where the theoretical
limits of 2cos can be predicted [20]: if the emission
and absorption dipoles are collinear
5
3
cos2 , and if
the emission dipoles are randomly aligned
3
1
cos2 .
The parameter c is undoubtedly related to optical
activity. From the classical viewpoint, the “circular
oscillator” would be caused by the induced electric and
magnetic transition dipole moments being fully parallel
or antiparallel and having the same magnitude.
Following this description, optically active liquid-crystal
molecules are “elliptical oscillators”. The limiting values
of c for this system would be
16
5
c .
2.3. Phase modulation of fluorescence. Amino
acids and polypeptide chains made by them (primary
structure of protein) demonstrate optical activity and are
characterized by the following matrix operator
Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2015. V. 18, N 2. P. 181-187.
doi: 10.15407/spqeo18.02.181
© 2015, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
183
1000
00
00
0001
3332
2322
, where
.2sin
,2cos
3223
3322
ik
(6)
Here, γ is the rotation angle of polarization plane
fluorescent radiation.
Fibrillar (secondary structure) protein networks
formed by polypeptide chains possess linear
birefringence and are exhaustively described by the
Mueller matrix
444342
343332
242322
0
0
0
0001
ddd
ddd
ddd
D , where
.cos
,sin2cos
,sin2sin
,cos2cos2sin
,cos12sin2cos
,cos2sin2cos
44
4334
4224
22
33
3223
22
22
d
dd
dd
d
dd
d
dik
(7)
Here, ρ is the direction of fibril’s package, δ –
phase shift between linearly-polarized orthogonal
components of fluorescent light amplitude.
Considering the effect of all mechanisms of
optically anisotropic absorption and phase anisotropy,
the Mueller matrix of laser polarization autofluorescence
of the biological tissue protein network can be written as
follows
44434241
34333231
24232221
1413121
MMMM
MMMM
MMMM
MMM
FDM . (8)
The analysis of matrix (8) shows that elements Mik
characterize superposition of mechanisms of linear Δτ
and circular Δg dichroism; fluorescence of linear
F12;21;22;33 and elliptical F44 oscillators with the following
phase modulation of this radiation by optically active
molecules θ and birefringent δ networks of them.
The “information content” of matrix elements is
different. The set of elements 124;3;2;1;1 FM ki
characterizes fluorescence of linear oscillators originated
from the anisotropic absorption. The elements
33;22;214;3;2;1;3;2 FM ki define phase-modulated (δ, θ)
fluorescence of linear oscillators. Finally, the values of
elements 4433;22;214;3;2;1;4 ,FFM ki consist of complex
information concerning fluorescence of linear (F21;22;33)
and elliptical (F44) oscillators in optically anisotropic
medium with linear and circular birefringence.
It should be noted that not all elements of matrix
(8) are suitable for practical usage. The reason for that
consists in azimuthally dependence of most matrix
elements – in general, 12 of 16 elements change at
rotation of the sample around the probing axis. It is
shown in [2, 4] that the following elements of the matrix
M , as well as their combinations, are azimuthally
stable, independent of the rotation angle of the
sample
.const
,const
,const
,const
44
41
14
11
M
M
M
M
(9)
The analysis of the above presented rotation
invariants (9) shows that by measuring
ikikik
ik
ikik
dg
cFbaFQM
gbaFWM
,,
,,,,
,,,
4433;22;2141
1214
it is possible to obtain separated and azimuthally-stable
information about laser polarization fluorescence of
linear (F12;21;22;33) and elliptical (F44) oscillators excited
by the mechanisms of linear and circular dichroism of
laser radiation in optically anisotropic biological tissue.
3. Analysis and discussion of experimental results
Optically thin (the geometric thickness d = 30 μm,
extinction coefficient τ < 0.1) histological sections of
postsurgical biopsy of uterus wall tumors related to two
types were used as objects of investigation:
benign tumor (dysplasia) – group 1 (21 samples);
malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) – group 2
(21 samples).
Histological sections were prepared according to
the standard technique on the freezing microtome.
The measurements of coordinate distributions of
Mueller-matrix elements characterizing polarization
properties of histological sections of uterus wall tumors
were performed in the setup of the standard Stokes-
polarimeter. The detailed description of the optical
scheme and basic parts of experimental setup was
presented in a series of articles [21-28]. In this research,
for autofluorescence excitation we used a diode laser
with the wavelength λ = 405 μm and power W = 50 μW.
For spectral division of polarization fluorescence in front
of CCD-camera, an interference filter was placed with
the maximal transmission bandpass λf = 0.63…0.65 μm,
which corresponded to intensity of laser polarization
autofluorescence maximally achieved under these
conditions.
Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2015. V. 18, N 2. P. 181-187.
doi: 10.15407/spqeo18.02.181
© 2015, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
184
Fig. 1. Mueller-matrix fluorescent images of histological sections of benign (dysplasia) tumor of uterus wall (group 1).
Fig. 2. Mueller-matrix fluorescent images of histological sections of malignant (adenocarcinoma) tumor of uterus wall
(group 2).
The values of Mueller-matrix rotation invariants
(relations (10), (11)) were determined by means of the
algorithm
.)(5.0
,)(5.0
90
4
0
441
90
1
0
1114
SSM
SSSM
(10)
Here,
;90;0
4;1iS are the Stokes vector parameters in
the points of digital image of laser polarization
autofluorescence of histological sections measured for a
series of linearly (0°, 90°) and right-hand ( ) circularly
polarized probing laser beams within the limits of
2D (m×n) ensemble of light-sensitive pixels.
For objective assessment of coordinate
distributions of Mueller-matrix rotation invariants
nmMq 41;14 , we used the traditional method of
statistic analysis. The set of statistic moments of the 1
st
to 4
th
orders that characterize distributions q was
calculated using the following algorithms
N
j
j
q
N
Z
1
1
1
,
N
j
jq
N
Z
1
2
2
1
,
N
j
jq
NZ
Z
1
3
3
2
3
11
,
N
j
jq
NZ
Z
1
4
4
2
4
11
. (11)
where N is the number of pixels of CCD-camera.
Figs 1 and 2 present the series of experimentally
measured (relations (10)) spectral-selective (Δλf )
Mueller-matrix fluorescent images M14;41 (m×n)
characterizing laser polarization fluorescence of
optically anisotropic histological sections of uterus wall
tumor of the group 1 (Fig. 1) and group 2 (Fig. 2).
The analysis of the data obtained shows the
common regularity – the non-zero value of all the
Mueller matrix elements characterizing polarization
fluorescence of histological sections of uterus wall
tumor. This fact experimentally confirms the model
structure of Mueller-matrix (8) as superposition of
Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2015. V. 18, N 2. P. 181-187.
doi: 10.15407/spqeo18.02.181
© 2015, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
185
matrix operators, which characterize linear and circular
dichroism (Eqs. (1), (2)), fluorescence of porphyrins
(Eqs. (3)-(5)) and phase modulation of this radiation
((Eqs. (6), (7)). However, like it was assumed in the
model analysis, polarization autofluorescence is the most
vividly manifested in coordinate distributions of
Mueller-matrix rotation invariants M41 and M14 for the
samples of the group 1 and group 2. These distributions
(100×100 pix) are illustrated by the series of coordinate
dependences presented in Figs. 3 and 4.
The analysis of coordinate distributions of invariant
M14 (Fig. 3), which characterizes the processes of
transformation of circularly polarized fluorescent
radiation into the linearly one, reveals more than two
times drop in the value ( 14M ) and range of changes
( 14M ) of this parameter in the plane of tissue
histological section with adenocarcinoma (parts 3 and 4).
The inverse situation occurs for Mueller-matrix
invariant M41 (Fig. 4), which characterizes the processes
of transformation of linearly polarized fluorescent
radiation into a circular one.
Fig. 3. Coordinate distributions of the Mueller-matrix rotation
invariant M14 for optically thin histological sections of
postsurgical biopsy of benign (fragments (1), (3)) and
malignant (fragments (2), (4)) tumor of uterus wall.
Fig. 4. Coordinate distributions of the Mueller-matrix rotation
invariant M41 for optically thin histological sections of
postsurgical biopsy of benign (fragments (1), (3)) and
malignant (fragments (2), (4)) tumor of uterus wall.
Let us analyze the obtained results from the
physical point of view. The samples of both types within
the framework of considered model (Eqs. (1)-(8))
represent the systems of linear (F12;21;22;33(a, b)) and
elliptic (F44(c)) fluorescent oscillators in the optically-
anisotropic matrix with linear Eq. (6) and circular
Eq. (7) birefringence.
As it is well known [21-31], orientationally (ρ)-
phase (δ, θ) structure of this matrix depends on
physiological (pathological) state of biological tissue.
More disordered by directions ( ) birefringent
(Δn ≈ const) fibrillar network is typical for malignant
states. On the other hand, in [29-31] it was shown that
autofluorescence in the red spectral range being
increased together with growth and development of
tumor. This phenomenon can be related with the liquid-
crystal networks of porphyrins, which accumulate in
tissues of malignant new formations on different stages
of their development.
Thus, the malignant states are accompanied by
formation of prevailed, over the disordered linear
oscillators, system of fluorescent elliptical oscillators.
Vice-versa, in the case of pre-cancer state the prevailing
of linear fluorescent oscillators is more typical. In other
words, for tissue with dysplasia the following analytical
scenario is realized:
.
,,,
4144
1433;22;21;12
McFc
MbaFba
The inverse regularity takes place for malignant
new formations:
.
,,,
4144
1433;22;21;12
McFc
MbaFba
The secondary phase modulation of fluorescent
radiation by fibrillar networks of both types samples
does not introduce any sufficient changes in the
mentioned scenario. As far as for pre-cancer and cancer
states, it is typical practically the same birefringence
(Δn ≈ const) of protein structures.
The results of the quantitative statistical (relations
(11)) analysis of the series of Mueller-matrix rotation
invariants of both groups of histological sections are
illustrated by the data presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Statistical (Zi =1;2;3;4) moments of the 1st to 4th
orders distribution of Mueller-matrix invariants of
histological sections of uterus wall tumor.
P
ar
am
et
er
s
M14 M41
D
y
sp
la
si
a
A
d
en
o
-
ca
rc
i-
n
o
m
a
D
y
sp
la
si
a
A
d
en
o
-
ca
rc
i-
n
o
m
a
Z1 0.19±0.023 0.09±0.012 0.055±0.01 0.13±0.019
Z2 0.23±0.039 0.12±0.017 0.11±0.015 0.21±0.036
Z3 0.73±0.11 1.81±0.24 2.87±0.43 0.94±0.14
Z4 1.12±0.17 2.18±0.31 3.29±0.53 1.62±0.27
Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2015. V. 18, N 2. P. 181-187.
doi: 10.15407/spqeo18.02.181
© 2015, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
186
Table 2. Sensitivity and specificity of Mueller-matrix
technique of mapping laser polarization fluorescence in the
samples of uterus wall tumor.
Parameters M14 M41
Se (Zi),% 80 93
Sp (Zi),% 75 85
The following quantitative criteria of
differentiation of benign and malignant changes were
determined due to the analyzed mechanisms of laser
polarization autofluorescence:
the Mueller-matrix image M14 (m×n) of a
histological section of benign tumor is
characterized by greater values of statistical
moments of the 1
st
Z1 (M14) (2.1 times) and 2
nd
Z2 (M14) (2 times) orders. For statistical moments of
higher orders, the opposite tendency is typical –
Z3 (M14) (2.5 times decrease) and Z4 (M14)
(2.4 times decrease).
statistically third-order structures of polypeptide
chains of collagen and myosin can be differentiated
by the following properties: Z1 (M41) – increase by
2.4 times; Z2 (M41) – increase by 1.95 times;
Z3 (M41) – decrease by 3 times and Z4 (M41) –
decrease by 2 times.
Within both groups of histological sections, by
statistical approaches the sensitivity %100
pd
d
Se
and specificity %100
hu
u
Sp
of the technique of
Mueller-matrix mapping of laser polarization
fluorescence observed in protein networks were
determined, where d and p are the amounts of right and
wrong diagnoses within the group 1; u and h – the same
within group 2.
For different Mueller-matrix rotation invariants of
laser polarization autofluorescence, the following results
were obtained (Table 2).
Thus, the statistical analysis of spectral-selective
Mueller-matrix fluorescent invariants proved to be
efficient when solving the task of differential diagnostics
of benign and malignant changes in uterus wall.
4. Conclusions
1. The model of laser polarization autofluorescence of
biological tissues has been suggested in which the
mechanisms of optical anisotropic absorption,
autofluorescence and birefringence have been taken
into consideration.
2. The interrelations between statistical parameters
characterizing spectral-selective Mueller-matrix
fluorescent images and the peculiarities of the
mechanisms of porphyrin fluorescence in optically
anisotropic histological sections of uterus wall
biopsy have been found.
3. The efficiency of the method of azimuthally
invariant spectral-selective Mueller-matrix
mapping of laser polarization autofluorescence of
protein networks in the task of differentiation of
benign and malignant tumors of uterus wall has
been demonstrated.
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the grants № 0113U003239
and № 0112U002336 from the Ukrainian Foundation for
Basic Researches.
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