Polyvinylcarbazole films: Applications for chemical sensors
The adsorption properties of polyvinylcarbazole (PVC) films as sensitive layers of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors have been studied. Different organic vapors and complex mixture (a cologne) were tested as analytes. PVC films have demonstrated different adsorption properties under differen...
Gespeichert in:
| Datum: | 2016 |
|---|---|
| 1. Verfasser: | |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України
2016
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics |
| Online Zugang: | http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/121683 |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Zitieren: | Polyvinylcarbazole films: Applications for chemical sensors / I.V. Kruglenko // Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics. — 2016. — Т. 19, № 4. — С. 427-429. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. |
Institution
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
irk-123456789-121683 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
irk-123456789-1216832017-06-16T03:03:17Z Polyvinylcarbazole films: Applications for chemical sensors Kruglenko, I.V. The adsorption properties of polyvinylcarbazole (PVC) films as sensitive layers of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors have been studied. Different organic vapors and complex mixture (a cologne) were tested as analytes. PVC films have demonstrated different adsorption properties under different temperatures. This makes it a perspective material for sensor applications. 2016 Article Polyvinylcarbazole films: Applications for chemical sensors / I.V. Kruglenko // Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics. — 2016. — Т. 19, № 4. — С. 427-429. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. 1560-8034 DOI: 10.15407/spqeo19.04.427 PACS 07.07.Df http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/121683 en Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| description |
The adsorption properties of polyvinylcarbazole (PVC) films as sensitive layers of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors have been studied. Different organic vapors and complex mixture (a cologne) were tested as analytes. PVC films have demonstrated different adsorption properties under different temperatures. This makes it a perspective material for sensor applications. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Kruglenko, I.V. |
| spellingShingle |
Kruglenko, I.V. Polyvinylcarbazole films: Applications for chemical sensors Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics |
| author_facet |
Kruglenko, I.V. |
| author_sort |
Kruglenko, I.V. |
| title |
Polyvinylcarbazole films: Applications for chemical sensors |
| title_short |
Polyvinylcarbazole films: Applications for chemical sensors |
| title_full |
Polyvinylcarbazole films: Applications for chemical sensors |
| title_fullStr |
Polyvinylcarbazole films: Applications for chemical sensors |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Polyvinylcarbazole films: Applications for chemical sensors |
| title_sort |
polyvinylcarbazole films: applications for chemical sensors |
| publisher |
Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/121683 |
| citation_txt |
Polyvinylcarbazole films: Applications for chemical sensors / I.V. Kruglenko // Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics. — 2016. — Т. 19, № 4. — С. 427-429. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT kruglenkoiv polyvinylcarbazolefilmsapplicationsforchemicalsensors |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-08T20:20:03Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-08T20:20:03Z |
| _version_ |
1837111448458756096 |
| fulltext |
Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2016. V. 19, N 4. P. 427-429.
doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo19.04.427
© 2016, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
427
PACS 07.07.Df
Polyvinylcarbazole films: Applications for chemical sensors
I.V. Kruglenko
V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS Ukraine
41, prospect Nauky, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
Phone: (380-44) 525-56-26; e-mail: kruglenko@yahoo.com
Abstract. The adsorption properties of polyvinylcarbazole (PVC) films as sensitive
layers of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors have been studied. Different
organic vapors and complex mixture (a cologne) were tested as analytes. PVC films have
demonstrated different adsorption properties under different temperatures. This makes it
a perspective material for sensor applications.
Keywords: sensors, polyvinylcarbazole (PVC), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM).
Manuscript received 08.07.16; revised version received 20.09.16; accepted for
publication 16.11.16; published online 05.12.16.
1. Introduction
It is impossible to imagine modern development of
science without polymers in all their diversity. In recent
decades, these materials became of great interest for
scientists in the frame of creation of highly selective
sensitive layers for sensors that are required in industry,
medicine, perfumery, environmental monitoring, food
control, etc.
Among sensors based on organic materials,
conductive polymers are the most common [1-10]. The
advantages of these sensors are above all an opportunity
to work at room temperature, easiness of manufacturing
and low cost.
Despite the large amount of works in this area, this
direction continues to be developed, as evidenced by a
large number of articles on this subject, which appear
every year.
It was shown [1] that Pd-polyaniline films are
highly sensitive and selective to methanol vapors and
provide stable signal for a long time. Polyaniline
ultrathin layers were prepared using the Langmuir–
Blodgett method, and gas sensitivity of these films to
NO was studied [2]. Using the Langmuir–Blodgett
methods, thin layers of pure polycarbazole and
polycarbazole mixed with octadecylamine were
obtained. The sensitivity of these ultrathin films to
ammonia was investigated by measuring changes in their
electrical resistance. It was found that the Langmuir–
Blodgett film with pure polycarbazole has higher
sensitivity and a faster response as well as recovery to
ammonia than the layers of mixed type [3]. In the work
[4], the polypyrrole layers that show high sensitivity to
ammonia were investigated. Composite polypyrrole-
poly(vinyl alcohol) layers were prepared using the
electrochemical method and were studied at various
concentrations in vapors of ethanol [5]. Nanocomposite
of copper/polyaniline was used as a sensor for
chloroform. The authors believe that sensitive
mechanism mainly includes adsorption-desorption of
chloroform on a metal surface of clusters [6]. The
polymer sensors were placed into vapors of different
gases: o-xylene, n-butane, benzene, methanol, n-heptane,
and 3-pentanone. Each sensor was subjected to repeated
Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2016. V. 19, N 4. P. 427-429.
doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo19.04.427
© 2016, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
428
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
PVC (T=230C)
PVC (T=330C)
fre
qu
en
cy
s
hi
ft,
H
z
time, min
ethanol
0 2 4 6 8
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
PVC (T=230C)
PVC (T=330C)
fre
qu
en
cy
s
hi
ft,
H
z
time, min
methanol
a) b)
Fig. 1. Responses of QCM sensors based on PVC to saturated vapors of ethanol (a), methanol (b) at different temperatures.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180 t=220C
t=330C
eau de cologne
fre
qu
en
cy
s
hi
ft,
H
z
ethanol methanol0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
PVC (T=230C)
PVC (T=330C)
Eau de Cologne
time, min
fre
qu
en
cy
s
hi
ft,
H
z
a) b)
Fig. 2. Responses of QCM sensors based on PVC to Eau de Cologne (a); diagram showing the amplitude of responses of the same
sensor to alcohols and cologne for two temperatures (b).
exposure in these vapors at various concentrations.
Analysis of the obtained data has shown that the
sensitivity depends on the chemical nature of both the
sensor and studied vapors as well as duration of
exposure in vapors [7].
In this paper, we consider the adsorption properties
of thermally deposited polyvinylcarbazole (PVC) films.
2. Experimental procedure
In general, today we know quite a number of methods
for forming thin film coatings in a wide range of
thicknesses – from a few nanometers to hundreds of
micrometers. It is interesting to note that along with
traditional chemical methods of creating the coatings in
the form of thin films, classic methods of
microelectronic technology (namely, thermal
evaporation in vacuum with subsequent condensation on
the respective substrates) are widely used to obtain
stable coatings with desired physical and chemical
parameters. Polymer (polyvinylcarbazole (from
Aldrich)) films were deposited using thermal
evaporation in vacuum directly on the electrode of
quartz crystal microbalance (QCM).
The QCM sensor operation principle is
measurement of variation of the resonant oscillation
frequency of a piezoelectric crystal caused by change of
its mass due to analyte molecules adsorption onto the
sensitive layer surface. The responses of a QCM without
sensitive coating to all analytes under investigation did
not exceed 10 Hz [11, 12].
Our measurements with the QCM technique were
made as follows. The sensors were placed in a
measuring flow-type cell and were held in argon flow
until stabilization of the quartz resonators frequency
(deviation of ±1 Hz). Then analyte vapor in argon passed
through the cell with a constant flow-rate of about
60 ml/min. The analytes were ethanol, methanol and
perfume (Ukraine). The concentrations of analytes were
close to the saturation level.
The experiments were performed in a thermostatic
chamber where the sensor array and studied samples are
located [13]. The temperature in the experiment was
kept as 23 and 33°C.
Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2016. V. 19, N 4. P. 427-429.
doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo19.04.427
© 2016, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
429
3. Results and discussion
In this paper, polymer layers of PVC were prepared using
the method of vacuum deposition of films. Using the
unique chemical and physical properties of this polymer,
we studied the influence of vapors of different nature on
the surface of QCM with sensitive polymer layer.
Characteristics of gas sensors are defined by physical and
chemical properties of their sensor elements that, in its
turn, depend on the crystal structure, composition and
adsorption properties of the sensitive layers in the sensor
array. Changing the temperature during experiments, we
changed the adsorption properties of the sensor surfaces.
The analysis of sensor responses allows to estimate
kinetic curves for all the types of samples. At room
temperature, ethanol shows monotonic curves during the
whole experiment, methanol – first shows a small
plateau that goes also down to the monotonic curves.
Fig. 1 shows the influence of temperature on polymer
layers when adsorbing alcohol and methanol. As seen
from the results obtained, the increase in the temperature
by ten degrees (33 °C) leads to change of the form of the
response curves when adsorbing ethanol – the sensitivity
of polymer layers of quartz crystal and kinetic behavior
of the curves are changed. When temperature increases
from 23 to 33 °C much higher response on both ethanol
and methanol is observed (2.5…5 times).
For experimental researches, we also selected a more
complex analyte – Eau de Cologne – a multicomponent
mixture containing water-alcohol solution, essential oils,
terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, menthol, camphor,
acetic acid. The evaporation temperatures of different
components in this mixture differ and this fact affects the
sensor response character. As seen from the figure, with
increasing the temperature to 33 °C, a dramatic change in
the kinetic of curves takes place when adsorbing cologne.
The determined properties of thermally deposited
films of PVC polymer, namely, changing the sensitivity
to vapors of alcohol and perfume when changing the
temperature, cause considerable interest to this material
in terms of its use in arrays of sensors to create devices
of the “electronic nose” type.
4. Conclusions
Thus, these results indicate that the structures based on
quartz/silver/polymer (QSM) can be used in sensor
arrays for the analysis of multi-component mixtures
based on alcohol, which is important for the chemical
and pharmaceutical industry, for production of alcoholic
beverages and to environmental monitoring. The
temperature can serve as an additional factor affecting
the functionality of these sensors.
Acknowledgements
The author thanks Dr D. Grynko for providing the
polyvinylcarbazole samples for researches.
References
1. A.A. Athawale, S.V. Bhagwat, P.P. Katre,
Nanocomposite of Pd-polyaniline as a selective
methanol sensor // Sensors and Actuators B, 114,
p. 263-267 (2006).
2. D. Xie, Y.D. Jiang, W. Pan, D. Li, Z.M. Wu,
Y.R. Li, Fabrication and characterization of
polyaniline-based gas sensor by ultra-thin film
technology // Sensors and Actuators B, 81, p. 158-
164 (2002).
3. V. Saxena, S. Choudhury, S.C. Gadkari,
S.K. Gupta, J.V. Yakhmi, Room temperature
operated ammonia gas sensor using polycarbazole
Langmuir–Blodgett film // Sensors and Actuators
B, 107, p. 277-282 (2005).
4. N.T. Kemp, A.B. Kaiser, H.J. Trodahl,
B. Chapman, R.G. Buckley, A.C. Partridge,
P.J.S. Foot, Effect of ammonia on the temperature-
dependent conductivity and thermopower of
polypyrrole // J. Polym. Sci. B, 44, p. 1331-1338
(2006).
5. C.W. Lin, B.J. Hwang, C.R. Lee, Characteristics
and sensing behavior of electrochemically
codeposited polypyrrole-poly(vinyl alcohol) thin
film exposed to ethanol vapors // J. Appl. Polym.
Sci. 73, p. 2079-2087 (1999).
6. S. Sharma, C. Nirkhe, S. Pethkar, A.A. Athawale,
Chloroform vapour sensor based on
copper/polyaniline nanocomposite // Sensors and
Actuators B, 85, p. 131-136 (2002).
7. M.C. Gallazzi, L. Tassoni, C. Bertarelli,
G. Pioggia, F. Di Francesco, E. Montoneri,
Poly(alkoxy-bithiophenes) sensors for organic
vapours // Sensors and Actuators B, 88, p. 178-189
(2003).
8. V. Syritski, J. Reut, A. Öpik, K. Idla, Environmental
QCM sensors coated with polypyrrole // Synth. Met.
102, p. 1326-1327 (1999).
9. A.C. Partridge, M.L. Jansen, W.M. Arnold,
Conducting polymer-based sensors // Mater. Sci.
Eng. C, 12, p. 37-42 (2000).
10. G.E. Collins, L.J. Buckley, Conductive polymer-
coated fabrics for chemical sensing // Synth. Met.
78, p. 93-101 (1996).
11. I. Kruglenko, B. Snopok, Non-exponential
relaxations in sensor arrays: forecasting strategy for
electronic nose performance // Sensors and
Actuators B: Chem. 106, p. 101-113 (2005).
12. B.A. Snopok, I.V. Kruglenko, Multisensor systems
for chemical analysis: state-of-the-art in Electronic
Nose technology and new trends in machine
olfaction // Thin Solid Films, 418(1), p. 21-41
(2002).
13. Julia Burlachenko, Ivanna Kruglenko, Boris
Snopok, Krishna Persaud, Sample handling for
electronic nose technology: State of the art and
future trends // Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 82,
p. 222-236 (2016)..
|