Perspectives of res development in Poland up to 2020
This paper describes selected aspects of current development of renewable energy sources in Poland. Analysis and assessment of renewable energy sources in Poland is made. Perspectives of development of renewable energy sources up to 2020 in context of the implementation of the EU’s “3 x 20%” climate...
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Інститут електродинаміки НАН України
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irk-123456789-1218762017-06-22T03:02:49Z Perspectives of res development in Poland up to 2020 Dolega, W. Електроенергетичні комплекси, системи та керування ними This paper describes selected aspects of current development of renewable energy sources in Poland. Analysis and assessment of renewable energy sources in Poland is made. Perspectives of development of renewable energy sources up to 2020 in context of the implementation of the EU’s “3 x 20%” climate package by Poland and national quantitative target for RES development by year 2020 are described. Conclusions contain analysis of perspectives of development of renewable energy sources in Poland in the future. У роботі описуються окремі аспекти сучасного розвитку відновлюваних джерел енергії у Польщі, проведено аналіз та здійснена оцінка відновлюваних джерел енергії. Описані перспективи розвитку відновлюваних джерел енергії до 2020 року у контексті реалізації кліматичного пакету “3 x 20%” ЄС Польщею та національних кількісних цільових показників. Проаналізовано перспективи розвитку відновлюваних джерел енергії у Польщі в майбутньому. В работе описываются отдельные аспекты современного развития возобновляемых источников энергии в Польше, проведен анализ и дана их оценка. Описаны перспективы развития возобновляемых источников энергии до 2020 года в контексте реализации климатического пакета “3 x 20%” ЕС Польшей и национальных качественных целевых показателей. Проанализированы перспективы развития в будущем. 2014 Article Perspectives of res development in Poland up to 2020 / W. Dolega // Технічна електродинаміка. — 2014. — № 4. — С. 29-31. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. 1607-7970 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/121876 621.311.245 en Технічна електродинаміка Інститут електродинаміки НАН України |
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Електроенергетичні комплекси, системи та керування ними Електроенергетичні комплекси, системи та керування ними |
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Електроенергетичні комплекси, системи та керування ними Електроенергетичні комплекси, системи та керування ними Dolega, W. Perspectives of res development in Poland up to 2020 Технічна електродинаміка |
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This paper describes selected aspects of current development of renewable energy sources in Poland. Analysis and assessment of renewable energy sources in Poland is made. Perspectives of development of renewable energy sources up to 2020 in context of the implementation of the EU’s “3 x 20%” climate package by Poland and national quantitative target for RES development by year 2020 are described. Conclusions contain analysis of perspectives of development of renewable energy sources in Poland in the future. |
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Article |
| author |
Dolega, W. |
| author_facet |
Dolega, W. |
| author_sort |
Dolega, W. |
| title |
Perspectives of res development in Poland up to 2020 |
| title_short |
Perspectives of res development in Poland up to 2020 |
| title_full |
Perspectives of res development in Poland up to 2020 |
| title_fullStr |
Perspectives of res development in Poland up to 2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Perspectives of res development in Poland up to 2020 |
| title_sort |
perspectives of res development in poland up to 2020 |
| publisher |
Інститут електродинаміки НАН України |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| topic_facet |
Електроенергетичні комплекси, системи та керування ними |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/121876 |
| citation_txt |
Perspectives of res development in Poland up to 2020 / W. Dolega // Технічна електродинаміка. — 2014. — № 4. — С. 29-31. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
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Технічна електродинаміка |
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AT dolegaw perspectivesofresdevelopmentinpolandupto2020 |
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2025-07-08T20:43:14Z |
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2025-07-08T20:43:14Z |
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1837112905828401152 |
| fulltext |
ISSN 1607-7970. Техн. електродинаміка. 2014. № 4 29
ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНІ КОМПЛЕКСИ, СИСТЕМИ ТА КЕРУВАННЯ НИМИ
УДК 621.311.245
PERSPECTIVES OF RES DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND UP TO 2020
W.Dolega
Institute of Electrical Power Engineering; The Wroclaw University of Technology
Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
e-mail: waldemar.dolega@pwr.wroc.pl
This paper describes selected aspects of current development of renewable energy sources in Poland. Analysis and
assessment of renewable energy sources in Poland is made. Perspectives of development of renewable energy sources
up to 2020 in context of the implementation of the EU’s “3 x 20%” climate package by Poland and national
quantitative target for RES development by year 2020 are described. Conclusions contain analysis of perspectives of
development of renewable energy sources in Poland in the future. References 10, tables 3, figures 1.
Key words: renewable energy sources, development
Introduction. The renewable energy sources (RES) sector records dynamic development worldwide. Over the
past ten to twenty years, renewable energy and especially the wind energy has become an important electricity source in
a number of countries, improving their energy independence and limiting emission of pollutions. In Poland
development of RES is a chance to achieve ecological, low-emission electricity generation, higher energy security, and
to meet the EU requirements with regard to energy generation from renewable sources. These requirements are
connected with the implementation of the EU’s “3 x 20%” climate package by Poland and national quantitative target
for RES development by year 2020 [1,3].
Polish national 2020 target for renewable energy sources is 15% share of energy generated from RES in the total
primary energy and CO2 emissions reduction by 20% [4].
Current state of res installations in Poland. Up to 2005 period the RES development was characterised by
stagnation, caused primarily by the instability of the support scheme and poorly tailored legal regulations, resulting in
risk levels unacceptable for the investors (the RES installation owners) [10]. Development of RES brought to a halt.
After the Poland’s accession to the European Union in 2005 and elimination of part of legal barriers, the number of RES
investments started to rise. Government put favourable legal and economic regulations for RES into practice, imposed
support scheme for green energy and created good investment climate for them [7]. At the end of 2011, the total RES
installed capacity in Poland amounted to 3082 MW and number of licensed RES installations was 1270 [5].
Total installed capacity of RES and total amount of produced electricity in RES in years 2005-2011 in Poland are
shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Cumulative power installation and electric energy production in RES in years 2005-2011 in Poland [6]
Source 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Nominal power [MW] Biogas 32.00 36.80 45.70 54.61 71.62 82.88 103,49
Amount of produced
electricity [MWh] in year
Biogas 104465 116692 161768 220883 295311 315543 430537
Nominal power [MW] Biomass 189.80 238.80 255.40 232.00 252.49 356.19 409,68
Amount of produced
electricity [MWh] in year
Biomass 467976 503846 545765 560967 601088 664497 1055151
Nominal power [MW] Wind 83.30 152.00 287.90 451.00 724.68 1 180.27 1616,36
Amount of produced
electricity [MWh] in year
Wind 135292 257037 472116 805939 1035019 1484929 3126432
Nominal power [MW] Water 922.00 931.00 934.80 940.57 945.20 937.00 951.39
Amount of produced
electricity [MWh] in year
Water 2175559 2029636 2252659 2152822 2375778 2633162 2316833
Nominal power [MW] Photo-
voltaic
0 0 0 0 0 0 1,12
Amount of produced
electricity [MWh] in year
Photovo-
voltaic
0 0 0 0 0 0 178
Nominal power [MW] Total 1227.10 1358.60 1523.80 1678.18 1993.99 2556.38 3082,04
Amount of produced
electricity [MWh] in year
Total 2883292 2907211 3432308 3740611 4307196 5098131 5443443
As regards wind power, large increase in installed capacity and in energy production has been observed in the past
years. It stems from high technological maturity of wind power, increased output of individual wind turbines and wind
farms and cost competitiveness compared to other renewable technologies used in Poland to produce electricity [8].
Wind energy is a leader in the production of “green” electricity in Poland and is also the fastest developing renewable
energy source in Poland [8].
© Dolega W., 2014
30 ISSN 1607-7970. Техн. електродинаміка. 2014. № 4
Analysis of res development in Poland. The national RES sector has a very significant development
potential. An important issue demonstrating the market potential of the RES sector in Poland is the presence of leading
European and world’s energy groups and producers of devices and equipment for RES. Significant interest from foreign
companies and their activity make the Polish RES sector dynamic. The conditions and development perspectives of the
RES sector in Poland are very good especially in area of wind power. From point of view of renewable energy country
attractiveness indices, Poland was classified on the fourteenth position. Among the EU-27 Poland was ranked the ninth,
whereas among new EU Member States and countries in Central and Eastern Europe it was first [5].
Government established a political quantitative target for RES by year 2020 - the share of RES in gross final energy
consumption on level of 15% [3]. Rapid high development of RES will play key role in achieving this target. Table 2
presents forecast of cumulative power installation and electricity production in RES in 2013-2020. Table 3 presents
forecast of results of RES development in 2013-2020 in area of greenhouse gas emission abatement.
Table 2. Forecast of power installation and electric energy production in RES in years 2013-2020 in Poland [4]
Source 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Nominal power [MW] Biogas 140 230 280 380 480 730 980
Amount of produced electricity
[GWh] in year
Biogas 574 943 1148 1558 1968 2993 4018
Nominal power [MW] Biomass 590 795 805 790 775 685 595
Amount of produced electricity
[GWh] in year
Biomass 5453 5793 5866 5836 5806 5468 5131
Nominal power [MW] Wind 2520 3540 4060 4580 5100 5620 6650
Amount of produced electricity
[GWh] in year
Wind 5327 7541 8784 9860 11210 12315 15210
Nominal power [MW] Water 982 1002 1012 1022 1032 1042 1152
Amount of produced electricity
[GWh] in year
Water 2375 2439 2471 2503 2535 2567 2969
Nominal power [MW] Photo-
voltaic
2 2 2 3 3 3 3
Amount of produced electricity
[GWh] in year
Photovo-
voltaic
2 2 2 3 3 3 3
Nominal power [MW] Total 4234 5569 6159 6775 7390 8080 9380
Amount of produced electricity
[GWh] in year
Total 13731 16718 18269 19760 21522 23346 27331
Costs in the renewable sector are strongly correlated with local conditions, usually falling in quite a wide
range, in particular when new technologies enter the market using various support schemes in different countries [7].
Official data and data averaged for larger groups of the EU countries where support schemes and energy markets do
not differ significantly let describe in document “An EU Energy Security Action Plan” costs and economic efficiency
of different energy production technologies, including renewable energy sources, in terms of economy and greenhouse
gas emissions for conditions averaged for the entire EU [2]. For comparative purposes all costs have been translated
into 2005 € on the basis of the average inflation rate for the “Euro zone” as quoted by Eurostat. The primary indices
used to compare economic feasibility of particular technologies were: investment expenditures, operation costs and total
energy production costs [2].
Table 3. Forecast of results of RES development in Poland, in years 2013-2020 [4]
2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Reduction of CO2 emissions [k Mg/year] 11534.6 13912.5 15123.5 16361.5 17791.2 19479.6 22680.0
Reduction of SO2 emissions [t/year] 7.1 8.5 9.3 10.1 10.9 12.0 13.9
Reduction of NOX emissions [t/year] 7.1 8.5 9.3 10.1 10.9 12.0 13.9
Unit investment costs for different electricity production technologies with RES using given in €2005/kW of
installed capacity are presented on Figure. Horizontal bars on the graph show different construction costs of
installations using particular technologies together with their range within the EU. Onshore wind power is the
inexpensiveest “green” electricity production technology in investment terms and exhibits the lowest cost range. The
same situation is in terms of operational costs.
The European Commission foresees a significant decrease in costs and improvement in economic efficiency of all
renewable technologies. In the 2020 perspective some of them will become competitive to conventional and nuclear
power [2].
Expected average electricity production costs in 2020 in renewable energy sources are respectively: 73 €2005/MWh
for onshore wind, 90 €2005/MWh for offshore wind, 125 €2005/MWh for biogas, 153 €2005/MWh for solid biomass
and 365 €2005/MWh for photovoltaics [2,10].
Average construction time of RES installations is the shortest for wind farms. Wind farms are built twice as fast as
biomass systems, four times as fast as hydro plants and six times as fast as nuclear plants [10].
The wind power will have extraordinary contribution to the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions compared to
other RES technologies [2]. It is a very cost-attractive option to reduce CO2 emissions. In the 2020 perspective wind
ISSN 1607-7970. Техн. електродинаміка. 2014. № 4 31
power will be the main RES technology in Poland. In 2020, total wind installed capacity should amount to 6650 MW
and the total wind electricity production will amount to 15210 GWh [4].
Intensive RES development in Poland requires solutions of many technical, economic and legal problems which
put a number of hindrances and formal, legal and technical development barriers [9]. Many of them are connected with
fast changing the legal environment. The most significant are legal procedures related to spatial planning and
environmental impact assessments and problems with grid connection.
Conclusions. RES development in Poland is a chance to achieve ecological, low-emission electricity generation, higher
energy security, and to meet the EU requirements with regard to energy generation from renewable sources.
RES development in Poland requires solutions of many technical, economic and legal problems which put a
number of hindrances and formal, legal and technical development barriers.
Implementation of the EU’s „3 x 20%” climate package is a challenge and an opportunity for Poland to intensive
RES development and the long-term modernisation of the national power sector in a way allowing the sector not to lose
its competitiveness with implementation of more strict requirements for greenhouse gas emission abatement, increase in
CO2 emission allowance prices and gradual exhaustion of the most easily accessible and inexpensive fossil fuel
resources.
1. Directive 2009/28/ec of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of
energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC. − O.J.EC L 140
of 5.06.2009. (polish).
2. An EU Energy Security Action Plan. Energy Sources, Production Costs, and Performance of Technologies for Power
Generation, Heating and Transport. – Brussels: Commission of European Communities, 13.11.2008 - SEC(2008) 2872.
3. Announcement of Ministry of Economy from 21.12.2009 in a matter of the national energy policy up to 2030. − Monitor
of Poland of 2010 No.2, Item 11. (Polish)
4. National renewable energy action plan for Poland. – Warsaw: Ministry of Economy, 2010. (Polish)
5. Wind energy in Poland. Report - IDZP, TPA Horwath. − November 2011.
6. Wind energy in Poland. – Warsaw: Polish Wind Energy Association, 2013 (Polish)
7. Dolega W. Analysis and review of support mechanisms for the promotion of renewable energy sources on example of
Poland and different countries of the European Union // Tekhnichna Еlektrodynamika. Tematychnyi vypusk "Problemy suchasnoi
elektrotekhniky". – 2010. – Part 1. – Pp. 49–52.
8. Dolega W. Wind power development in Poland // Tekhnichna Еlektrodynamika. – 2012. – No 3. – Pp. 99–100.
9. Dolega W. Selected problems of expansion of renewable distributed generation – case study Poland // Pratsi Instytutu
Elektrodynamiky Natsionalnoi Akademii Nauk Ukrainy. Spetsialnyi vypusk. – 2011. – Part I. – Pp. 36–43.
10. Wisniewski G and others. Wind power development in Poland by 2020 a vision. A report developed for Polish Wind
Energy Association. – Warsaw: Institute for Renewable Energy, November 2009.
УДК 621.311.245
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ВІДНОВЛЮВАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ЕНЕРГІЇ У ПОЛЬЩІ ДО 2020
В.Долега
Інститут Електроенергетики; Вроцлавський Технічний Університет
Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Вроцлав, Польша.
e-mail: waldemar.dolega@pwr.wroc.pl
У роботі описуються окремі аспекти сучасного розвитку відновлюваних джерел енергії у Польщі, проведено
аналіз та здійснена оцінка відновлюваних джерел енергії. Описані перспективи розвитку відновлюваних джерел
енергії до 2020 року у контексті реалізації кліматичного пакету “3 x 20%” ЄС Польщею та національних кіль-
кісних цільових показників. Проаналізовано перспективи розвитку відновлюваних джерел енергії у Польщі в
майбутньому. Бібл. 10, табл. 3, рис. 1.
Ключові слова: відновлювані джерела енергії, розвиток, перспективи.
УДК 621.311.245
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЭНЕРГИИ В ПОЛЬШЕ ДО 2020 ГОДА
В.Долега
Институт Электроэнергетики; Вроцлавский Технический Университет
Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Вроцлав, Польша.
e-mail: waldemar.dolega@pwr.wroc.pl
В работе описываются отдельные аспекты современного развития возобновляемых источников энергии в
Польше, проведен анализ и дана их оценка. Описаны перспективы развития возобновляемых источников энергии
до 2020 года в контексте реализации климатического пакета “3 x 20%” ЕС Польшей и национальных качест-
венных целевых показателей. Проанализированы перспективы развития в будущем. Библ. 10, табл. 3, рис. 2.
Ключевые слова: возобновляемые источники энергии, развитие, перспективы.
Надійшла 30.01.2014
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