Study of water diffusion in lymphocyte membranes from thymus gland and spleen of rats by method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons
The aqueous suspensions of lymphocyte membranes from the rat thymus gland and spleen cells were studied by the method of a quasi-elastic neutron scattering. Effect of X-ray irradiation on dynamics of water molecules in suspension of such membranes was examined. It was shown that a diffusion coeffici...
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Інститут хімії поверхні ім. О.О. Чуйка НАН України
2002
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| Цитувати: | Study of water diffusion in lymphocyte membranes from thymus gland and spleen of rats by method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons / L.G. Grechko, O.Yu. Semchuk, R.V. Bila, V.I. Slisenko, L.I. Ostapchenko // Поверхность. — 2002. — Вип. 7-8. — С. 231-238. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
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irk-123456789-1263692017-11-21T03:02:53Z Study of water diffusion in lymphocyte membranes from thymus gland and spleen of rats by method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons Grechko, L.G. Semchuk, O.Yu. Bila, R.V. Slisenko, V.I. Ostapchenko, L.I. Surface properties of inorganic materials The aqueous suspensions of lymphocyte membranes from the rat thymus gland and spleen cells were studied by the method of a quasi-elastic neutron scattering. Effect of X-ray irradiation on dynamics of water molecules in suspension of such membranes was examined. It was shown that a diffusion coefficient of water molecules decreases with increasing of a dose of X-ray irradiation animals (rats) from 0.5 up to 1.0 Gray. 2002 Article Study of water diffusion in lymphocyte membranes from thymus gland and spleen of rats by method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons / L.G. Grechko, O.Yu. Semchuk, R.V. Bila, V.I. Slisenko, L.I. Ostapchenko // Поверхность. — 2002. — Вип. 7-8. — С. 231-238. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. XXXX-0106 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/126369 en Поверхность Інститут хімії поверхні ім. О.О. Чуйка НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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English |
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Surface properties of inorganic materials Surface properties of inorganic materials |
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Surface properties of inorganic materials Surface properties of inorganic materials Grechko, L.G. Semchuk, O.Yu. Bila, R.V. Slisenko, V.I. Ostapchenko, L.I. Study of water diffusion in lymphocyte membranes from thymus gland and spleen of rats by method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons Поверхность |
| description |
The aqueous suspensions of lymphocyte membranes from the rat thymus gland and spleen cells were studied by the method of a quasi-elastic neutron scattering. Effect of X-ray irradiation on dynamics of water molecules in suspension of such membranes was examined. It was shown that a diffusion coefficient of water molecules decreases with increasing of a dose of X-ray irradiation animals (rats) from 0.5 up to 1.0 Gray. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Grechko, L.G. Semchuk, O.Yu. Bila, R.V. Slisenko, V.I. Ostapchenko, L.I. |
| author_facet |
Grechko, L.G. Semchuk, O.Yu. Bila, R.V. Slisenko, V.I. Ostapchenko, L.I. |
| author_sort |
Grechko, L.G. |
| title |
Study of water diffusion in lymphocyte membranes from thymus gland and spleen of rats by method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons |
| title_short |
Study of water diffusion in lymphocyte membranes from thymus gland and spleen of rats by method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons |
| title_full |
Study of water diffusion in lymphocyte membranes from thymus gland and spleen of rats by method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons |
| title_fullStr |
Study of water diffusion in lymphocyte membranes from thymus gland and spleen of rats by method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Study of water diffusion in lymphocyte membranes from thymus gland and spleen of rats by method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons |
| title_sort |
study of water diffusion in lymphocyte membranes from thymus gland and spleen of rats by method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons |
| publisher |
Інститут хімії поверхні ім. О.О. Чуйка НАН України |
| publishDate |
2002 |
| topic_facet |
Surface properties of inorganic materials |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/126369 |
| citation_txt |
Study of water diffusion in lymphocyte membranes from thymus gland and spleen of rats by method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons / L.G. Grechko, O.Yu. Semchuk, R.V. Bila, V.I. Slisenko, L.I. Ostapchenko // Поверхность. — 2002. — Вип. 7-8. — С. 231-238. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Поверхность |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT grechkolg studyofwaterdiffusioninlymphocytemembranesfromthymusglandandspleenofratsbymethodofquasielasticscatteringofslowneutrons AT semchukoyu studyofwaterdiffusioninlymphocytemembranesfromthymusglandandspleenofratsbymethodofquasielasticscatteringofslowneutrons AT bilarv studyofwaterdiffusioninlymphocytemembranesfromthymusglandandspleenofratsbymethodofquasielasticscatteringofslowneutrons AT slisenkovi studyofwaterdiffusioninlymphocytemembranesfromthymusglandandspleenofratsbymethodofquasielasticscatteringofslowneutrons AT ostapchenkoli studyofwaterdiffusioninlymphocytemembranesfromthymusglandandspleenofratsbymethodofquasielasticscatteringofslowneutrons |
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2025-07-09T04:51:29Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-09T04:51:29Z |
| _version_ |
1837143627225104384 |
| fulltext |
STUDY OF WATER DIFFUSION IN LYMPHOCYTE
MEMBRANES FROM THYMUS GLAND AND SPLEEN OF
RATS BY METHOD OF QUASI-ELASTIC SCATTERING OF
SLOW NEUTRONS
L.G. Grechko1, O.Yu. Semchuk1, R.V. Bila1, V.I. Slisenko2, and
L.I. Ostapchenko3
1Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences
Gen. Naumov Str.17, 03680 Kyiv-164, UKRAINE
2Institute of Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences
Prospekt Nauki 47, 03028 Kyiv, UKRAINE
3Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University, UKRAINE
Abstract
The aqueous suspensions of lymphocyte membranes from the rat thymus gland and
spleen cells were studied by the method of a quasi-elastic neutron scattering. Effect of X-ray
irradiation on dynamics of water molecules in suspension of such membranes was examined.
It was shown that a diffusion coefficient of water molecules decreases with increasing of a
dose of X-ray irradiation animals (rats) from 0.5 up to 1.0 Gray.
Introduction
Investigation of water molecules diffusion in aqueous biological solutions allows us to
understand the influence of the dissolved biological materials on the state of water molecules,
and thus on the structure of dissolved biological objects, because the interaction of
biomolecules with water influences essentially their spatial structure. For such investigation
the method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons (QESSN) is very useful. It allows us to
study the structure of investigated biological object from the analysis of QESSN spectra. The
authors of the paper [1] initiated this direction of research.
The purpose of this paper was to research by means of the QESSN method the diffusion of
water molecules in aqueous suspensions of lymphocyte membranes from the rat thymus gland
and spleen cells. We investigated 3 various samples: a control sample, obtained from animals
(rats) not exposed X-rays and other two samples, obtained from rats exposed to a X-ray
irradiation by doses 0.5 and 1.0 Grays, accordingly. The investigation was performed at the
nuclear reactor of the Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine on the special equipment for testing the self-diffusion in water systems.
Theory
Recently due to the quick development of neutron engineering for research of
self-diffusion and diffusion of water molecules in aqueous and water suspensions of
biological objects by the method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons (QESSN) has
been applied [1-3]. Taking into consideration novelty and originality of QESSN, it is
reasonable to describe briefly the fundamentals of this method.
Within the framework of the time-space correlation functions in the Van-Hove formalism,
that is usually applied for the description of scattering of slow neutrons in liquids, the double
differential cross-sections of coherent (c) and non-coherent (nc) neutron scattering on the
system of N atoms are Furrier-images of the full time-space correlation function ( )trG ,r and
its autocorrelated part ( )trGa ,r , accordingly:
( )òò -=÷÷
ø
ö
çç
è
æ
W
trGdterd
k
kbN
dd
d tirqi
c
,
2 0
22
rr
h
rr w
pe
s
, (1)
( )
( ),,
2 0
222
òò -
-
=÷÷
ø
ö
çç
è
æ
W
trGdterd
k
kbbN
dd
d
a
tirqi
nc
rr
h
rr w
pe
s . (2)
where b is the amplitude of neutron scattering; k
r
and 0k
r
are initial and final wave vectors of
a neutron; 0kkq
rrr
-= is the momentum transfer of a neutron at scattering; The analysis of
experimental data is often made in the Gaussian approximation for the autocorrelation
function ( )trGa ,r :
( ) ( )[ ] ( )úû
ù
ê
ë
é
-= -
tГ
rtГtrGa 2
exp2,
2
2
3
pr , (3)
where ( )tГ is a function, which describes dynamics of the system, physical sense of which is
mean root-square distance of the particle from the origin during the time t :
( ) ( )ò= trGrrdtГ a ,
3
1 2 rr
. (4)
In theory of neutron scatterings it is shown, that the Gaussian approximation is always valid in
the limit of large ( kTt 2h>> ) and small ( kTt 2h<< ) time units [4]. Thus
( )
î
í
ì
¥®+
®-
=
t,constDt
t,Mti
tГ
2
0 h
where D is the self-diffusion coefficient; M is the particle mass.
The experimental data about es ddd nc W2 can be analyzed within the framework of
some models. Let us consider that the diffusion of liquid molecules corresponds to a
macroscopic level of diffusion (continuous model of diffusion), so it is possible to write
( ) ( )trGDtrG
t aa ,, 2 rr
Ñ=
¶
¶ , (5)
where ( )trGa ,r is a density of probability to find a molecule during time t in a point with
coordinate r, if at t=0 it is in the origin. The solution of the equation (5) is a function
( ) ( ) [ ]DtrDttrGa 4exp4, 2
2
3
-= -pr , (6)
Thus double differential cross-section of a non-coherent neutron scattering or intensity of a
non-coherent neutron scattering in water systems, as a function of scattering neutrons energy,
which is observed in the experiment, looks like a Lorenz function with a half-width
DqE 22h=D . (7)
Thus the widening of the quasi-elastic peak of non-coherent scattering of slow neutrons on
liquid molecules, which is set by a function of Lorenz, looks like:
( )qPE h2=D , (8)
and for jumping model of diffusion
( ) { }
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
+
-
-=
-1
0
2
0 1
2exp11
tt Dq
WqP . (9)
Here 0t is a time of no migratory life of molecules in a final equilibrium position.
The simultaneous taking into account the activation and inactivation diffusion
mechanisms based on the count of continuous diffusion of a final equilibrium position of
molecules, which oscillate:
( ) { }
( ) ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
-+
-
-+=
0
2
0
0
2
00
0 1
2exp11
t
t
t qDD
WqDqP , (10)
where 0D is a diffusion coefficient of the oscillation center.
Thus, investigating of the experimental widening of the quasi-elastic peak ED , it is
possible to determine a self-diffusion coefficient D of molecules and using the experimental
data to analyze adequacy of the different diffusion models.
Experimental
In this paper we investigated a diffusion of water molecules in aqueous suspension of
biological membranes of lymphoid cells from the rat thymus gland and spleen by the QESSN
method. The process of lymphoid cells extraction consists in several stages:
1. Animals (white rats of a Vistar line (130-150 g) are exposed by the X-ray irradiation dose
of 0.5 and 1.0 Gray on the installation RUN-17 under following conditions: dose rate –
24.5 Gr/min, filters of 1 mm Cu + 0.5 mm Al, voltage on the tube is 200 kV, current
intensity is 5 mA, focal distance – 50 cm. In 12 hours after irradiation animals were
decapitated and their spleen and thymus gland were removed and disintegrated. As a result
the suspension of cells was obtained. The buffer medium (pH=7.4) and the solution used
for cells extraction contained NaCl, KCl, Na2HPO4, HEPES, glucose, NaHCO3, CaCl2,
MgSO4.
2. A suspension of cells was left in the rest in 10 min and then the residue was disposed,
lymphoid cells (lymphocytes) were extracted from the mixture by centrifugation in a
gradient of Ficoll-Paque (density 1.077). For this purpose in tubes the mixture of cells was
underplayed in the Ficoll solution with density r =1.077. Then the tubes were centrifuged
at the rate of 1500 r.p.m for 40 min. Finally on the interface of the Ficoll and mixture of
cells the "ring" was observed. It was the lymphocytes that have to be extracted. The “ring”
collected by a syringe, washed, placed in the tube, added in a buffer and centrifuged within
10 min at the rate of 1500 r.p.m. The washed residue was solved in 1 ml of the buffer
solution. The obtained lymphoid cells (lymphocytes) were frozen in liquid nitrogen to
obtain disintegrated cellular membranes.
3. The samples were taken from liquid nitrogen, melted, homogenized and centrifuged for
30 min at the rate of 14000 r.p.m. The residue includes the plasma membranes. It was
placed in 1 mm tris-HCl buffer solution at pH=7.0 and homogenized ones more.
The samples of the lymphocyte plasma membranes of the rat thymus gland and spleen
cells, obtained by such method, were investigated by the QESSN method. In this section we
shortly describe the special installation for the research of self-diffusions in water systems (the
scheme is shown in Fig. 1).
The “white” beam of the neutrons from the reactor 1, formed by the collimator 2, falls on the
crystal-monochromator 3. As the monochromator the Zinc monocrystal is used. For creation
of pulse flow of monochromatic neutrons the neutron beam with energy Е reflected from Zinc
monocrystal fell on the mechanical interrupter 4. The pulse flow of monochromatic neutrons
falls on the tested sample, located in the pod 5. The possible changes of intensity of the
monochromatic neutrons beam were fixed using the screen monitor 6. The neutrons scattered
by the sample under different angles were detected by the system of detectors 7. The power
spectra of scattering neutrons were measured by the flyover time simultaneously under several
angles. The momentums from the registered neutrons strengthened by the preamplifier 8 and
went through cathode followers on the inputs of vibrator units 9. The formed impulses from
the outputs 9 are given onto inputs of the hour analyzers 11 (analyzer ANDІ-4096), and also
on the units of common inventory 10, that allows counting the full number of impulses from
each detector.
The information on self-diffusion of water molecules can be received on investigating a
widening of quasi-elastic peaks at different transferred momentums of a neutron, i.e. at
different scattering angles. As in a spectrum of scattering neutrons there is no clear difference
between a non-elastic part, related to collective motions of fragments in liquid, and
quasi-elastic, related to individual diffusive motions, it is apparent, that the observed
half-width of peaks ED should differ from real one. At large angles of scattering because of
decreasing intensity of quasi-elastic peak the contribution of scattering, which is superimposed
on quasi-elastic one, results in the increase of a half-width of a quasi-elastic peak.
The modern views of the self-diffusion process are based on hierarchy of time scales of
molecular motion. During the processes of non-equilibrium system evolution it is possible to
mention two main stages: quick – kinetic one, dealing with the quasi-equilibrium distribution
of particles on coordinates and slow one - hydrodynamic, that is characterized by mean locally
equilibrium values of the pulse energy density. In accordance to this it is possible to divide the
self-diffusion coefficient into two parts: one-particle (Frencel) part and collective (Lagrange)
part, which are formed accordingly at small ( )0tt < and large ( )0tt > observation times
of a diffusing molecule ( 0t -the time of the same order as the shift viscosity relaxation one). At
slow neutrons scattering in liquid the quasi-elastic dissipation, related to the energy exchange
Fig. 1. Flowchart of the installation for study of a self-diffusion in water systems by QESSN
method.
of a neutron with diffusive degrees of freedom of a molecule, which results in the widening of
monochromatic line that is a decreasing. The neutron during interaction process changes the
momentum on qp h=D . From indeterminacy principle it follows, that the area, which one is
sounded by a neutron, is characterized by the size
qp
hx 1=
D
»D (11)
Selecting definitely conditions of neutron experiment, it is possible to see diffusive motions
both at large, and at small spacing intervals according with the expression (11). Considering,
that the shift of a molecule xd behind a temporary interval of observation 0t is set accordance
to stochastic Einstein formula нDtq 62 =d , and identifying xD with d , we obtained:
20 6
1
Dq
t =
Change of ( ) 22 -Dq corresponds to the time, which is necessary for a neutron to "experience"
diffusion of a particle at the distance xd . Thus, for large values of q the time of overseeing
for a diffusing molecule in a method of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons is small and
we observed basically a vibration motion of liquid molecules. At decreasing k the time of
overseeing for a molecule increase and neutron “feels” asymptotically diffuse behavior, as
well as motion of molecules, similar to thus motion in a crystal.
Outgoing from hierarchy of temporary scales of fast one-particle motion and more
slow collective motions, the widening of a quasi-elastic peak can be is shown as
lf EEE D+D=D (12)
where fED , lED are one-particle and collective the contribution in a widening of a
quasi-elastic peak, respectively. Really, in the Oskotski model [4] for a widening of a
quasi-elastic peak is obtained:
{ }
( ) ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
-+
-
-+=D
0
2
0
2
1
2exp122
tt
p
qDD
WqDE
l
l h , (13)
where first term is possible conformity diffusion of a “Lagrangian” particle, and second
"Frencel"; 0t is a lifetime in an equilibrium state; fl DDD =- is the “Frencel” contribution
into a self-diffusion coefficient.
The separation of the one-particle and collective contributions in a self-diffusion
coefficient on the basis of using of a method of a quasi-elastic neutron scattering is possible
from the analysis of ( )2qEE D=D . At large values of a neutron transferred momentum
from (13) it follows
0
2 22
t
h
+»D qhDE l . (14)
Thus, analyzing the relation ( )2qEE D=D at large values of 2q , it is possible to
determine the collective contribution to a self-diffusion coefficient and time of “no migratory”
life 0t . The total value of a self-diffusion coefficient D at small values 2q can be retrieved
from the formula
( )
( ) ,
1
2exp12
0
20
2
0
ú
û
ù
ê
ë
é
-+
-
-+=D
t
t
t qDD
WqDE
f
lh (15)
where ( )W2exp - - the Debye-Waller factor, which one images oscillating motions of atoms
(molecules) and is connected to intensity 0I as follows
( ) ( )22
0 exp~~2exp qxIW -- . (16)
Here 2x - mean square deviation of atoms from a final equilibrium position because of
oscillations. At ¥®2q the formula (15) becomes
( ) 2
0
2 22 qDqE l
h
h
+=D
t
(17)
whence
( )
)(2
1
2q
ED l
¶
D¶
=
h
. (18)
At 02 ®q from the ratio (17) it follows
( ) 22 2 DqqE h=D (19)
From which one follows
( )
)(2
1
2q
ED
¶
D¶
=
h
(20)
Thus, the diffusion coefficients ,, lDD and fD can be counted after the
formulas (17), (18) and (19), if the experimental relation ( )2qED is known.
The outcomes of experimental measurements of QESSN spectra of biological solution
of membranes of lymphocytes of rat’s thymus gland and spleen cells are represented in the
Fig. 2. On the experimentally measured QESSN spectra we constructed relation ( )2qED , as
shown in the Fig. 3.
Results and discussion
About usage of the obtained experimental relations ( )2qED after the formulas (17)-(19)
a coefficients ,, lDD and fD and lifetime of atoms (molecules) were calculated in a
vibratory state 0t . Further these values were substituted in the formula (17) and by matching
the computational relation ( )2qED , obtained from the experimentally obtained values in all
the range of a neutron momentums, their corrected values are obtained and listed in the Table.
The purpose of this article was to research by means of the QESSN method the diffusion
of water molecules in aqueous suspensions of lymphocyte membranes from the rat thymus
gland and spleen cells. We investigated 3 various samples: a control sample, obtained from
animals (rats) not exposed X-rays (Sample 1) and other two samples, obtained from rats
exposed to a X-ray irradiation by doses 0.5 (Sample 2) and 1.0 Gray (Sample 3).
From Table it is visible that the diffusion constants in Samples 1-3 are less than the
relevant values obtained for water. It is possible to explain this result as following. During the
process of micelle formation the hydrophobic parts of lymphocyte membranes destroy the
water structure and it results in a rupture of hydrogen bonds between water molecules. It
results into decreasing a diffusion coefficient of water molecules in solution keeping the
biological objects. It is possible to judge intensity of hydrogen bonds on quantity 0t . The
decreasing 0t for Samples 2 and 3 demonstrates that in the result of influence of X-ray
irradiation a collapse of lipid stratum of lymphocyte membranes takes place.
A
B
C
Fig. 2. Spectra of quasi-elastic scattering of slow neutrons for aqueous suspensions
of lymphocytes: (A) - Sample 1, (B) – Sample 2, and (C) – Sample 3.
Fig. 3. ( )2qE -Dependencies for aqueous suspensions of lymphocyte membranes:
(¾) - experimental values, continuous lines (1-3) - calculated with
the formula (19) for Samples 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
Table. Values of diffusion coefficients.
Diffusion coefficients, ´105 cm2/s
Sample D lD fD 0t , ´1012 s
1 1.71404 0.00029 1.714 1.52904
2 1.47390 0.03979 1.438 1.45050
3 1.37130 0.01330 1.358 1.34870
H2O 2.23 0.46 1.770 2.8
Thus, we can make a conclusion that under influence of X-ray irradiation of animals
(rats) a partial destruction of lymphocyte membranes takes place. It is primarily true for lipid
shell of membranes. At small doses (0.5 Gray and less) irradiation may has an appreciable
effect, but as the dose increases (0.5 Gray and more) its influence becomes irreversible.
References
1. Bulavin L.A., Slisenko V.I., and Ivchenko N.M. Investigation into dynamics of
molecules in aqueous solutions of lipoproteides with the slow neutron method //
Visnyk Kyiv University, Ser. fiz.-mat. - 2000. - N2. – P. 460-464.
2. Bulavin L.A. Neutron Studies of Dynamics of Liquids. - Kyiv State University, 1977.
- 28 p. (in Russian).
3. Bulavin L.A. A self-diffusion in aqueous solutions of electrolytes, outlook of neutron
experiments // Physics Liquid State. - 1987.- V.15. – P. 156-166.
4. Antonchenko V.Ya, Davydov A.S., and Il’in V.N. Fundamentals of Water Physics. -
Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 1991. - 668 p. (in Russian).
Abstract
Introduction
Theory
Experimental
Results and discussion
A
|