Giant volume magnetostriction in CMR manganites R₁₋xSrxMnO₃ (R = Sm, Nd)
Magnetization, ac initial magnetic susceptibility, resistance, magnetoresistance, thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements were performed for R₁₋xSrxMnO₃ (R=Sm, x=0.33, 0.40, 0.45; R=Nd, x=0.33, 0.45)compounds. For all compounds in the TC region we have observed a large volume contraction...
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irk-123456789-1300142018-02-05T03:02:38Z Giant volume magnetostriction in CMR manganites R₁₋xSrxMnO₃ (R = Sm, Nd) Abramovich, A.I. Michurin, A.V. Низкотемпеpатуpная магнитостpикция магнетиков и свеpхпpоводников Magnetization, ac initial magnetic susceptibility, resistance, magnetoresistance, thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements were performed for R₁₋xSrxMnO₃ (R=Sm, x=0.33, 0.40, 0.45; R=Nd, x=0.33, 0.45)compounds. For all compounds in the TC region we have observed a large volume contraction DV/V» 0.1% and unusual behavior of the volume magnetostriction w, namely, a peak of anomalous magnitude of negative volume magnetostriction on the w(T) curve. We have obtained a giant negative volume magnetostriction ~ 5×10⁻⁴ at a relatively low magnetic field B=0.9 T and ~ 10⁻³ at a high magnetic field B=13 T for Sm samples. The magnetostriction of Nd compounds is one order of magnitude less. For all compounds the giant magnetostriction is accompanied by colossal negative magnetoresistance equal to 78, 72, and 44% at B=0.9 T for Sm compounds with x=0.33, 0.40, and 0.45, respectively. All of the observed properties are explained in the framework of an electronic phase separation model. 2001 Article Giant volume magnetostriction in CMR manganites R₁₋xSrxMnO₃ (R = Sm, Nd) / A.I. Abramovich, A.V. Michurin // Физика низких температур. — 2001. — Т. 27, № 4. — С. 379-384. — Бібліогр.: 18 назв. — англ. 0132-6414 PACS: 75.50.-y, 75.80.+q, 75.30.Kz, 75.40.-s, 74.72.Yg http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/130014 en Физика низких температур Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України |
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Низкотемпеpатуpная магнитостpикция магнетиков и свеpхпpоводников Низкотемпеpатуpная магнитостpикция магнетиков и свеpхпpоводников |
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Низкотемпеpатуpная магнитостpикция магнетиков и свеpхпpоводников Низкотемпеpатуpная магнитостpикция магнетиков и свеpхпpоводников Abramovich, A.I. Michurin, A.V. Giant volume magnetostriction in CMR manganites R₁₋xSrxMnO₃ (R = Sm, Nd) Физика низких температур |
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Magnetization, ac initial magnetic susceptibility, resistance, magnetoresistance, thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements were performed for R₁₋xSrxMnO₃ (R=Sm, x=0.33, 0.40, 0.45; R=Nd, x=0.33, 0.45)compounds. For all compounds in the TC region we have observed a large volume contraction DV/V» 0.1% and unusual behavior of the volume magnetostriction w, namely, a peak of anomalous magnitude of negative volume magnetostriction on the w(T) curve. We have obtained a giant negative volume magnetostriction ~ 5×10⁻⁴ at a relatively low magnetic field B=0.9 T and ~ 10⁻³ at a high magnetic field B=13 T for Sm samples. The magnetostriction of Nd compounds is one order of magnitude less. For all compounds the giant magnetostriction is accompanied by colossal negative magnetoresistance equal to 78, 72, and 44% at B=0.9 T for Sm compounds with x=0.33, 0.40, and 0.45, respectively. All of the observed properties are explained in the framework of an electronic phase separation model. |
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Article |
| author |
Abramovich, A.I. Michurin, A.V. |
| author_facet |
Abramovich, A.I. Michurin, A.V. |
| author_sort |
Abramovich, A.I. |
| title |
Giant volume magnetostriction in CMR manganites R₁₋xSrxMnO₃ (R = Sm, Nd) |
| title_short |
Giant volume magnetostriction in CMR manganites R₁₋xSrxMnO₃ (R = Sm, Nd) |
| title_full |
Giant volume magnetostriction in CMR manganites R₁₋xSrxMnO₃ (R = Sm, Nd) |
| title_fullStr |
Giant volume magnetostriction in CMR manganites R₁₋xSrxMnO₃ (R = Sm, Nd) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Giant volume magnetostriction in CMR manganites R₁₋xSrxMnO₃ (R = Sm, Nd) |
| title_sort |
giant volume magnetostriction in cmr manganites r₁₋xsrxmno₃ (r = sm, nd) |
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Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України |
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2001 |
| topic_facet |
Низкотемпеpатуpная магнитостpикция магнетиков и свеpхпpоводников |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/130014 |
| citation_txt |
Giant volume magnetostriction in CMR manganites R₁₋xSrxMnO₃ (R = Sm, Nd) / A.I. Abramovich, A.V. Michurin // Физика низких температур. — 2001. — Т. 27, № 4. — С. 379-384. — Бібліогр.: 18 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Физика низких температур |
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2025-07-09T12:41:51Z |
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2025-07-09T12:41:51Z |
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1837173219091546112 |
| fulltext |
Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2001, v. 27, No 4, p. 379–384Ab ra movich A . I. and Mic hur in A . V.Gian t vo lu me m agn etost riction in CMR ma nga nites R1–xSrxMnO3 ( R = Sm, Nd )A br amo vich A . I. and Michur in A. V. Gia nt volume m ag neto strict io n in CMR m ang anites R1– xSr xMnO3 ( R = Sm , Nd)
Giant volume magnetostriction in CMR manganites
R1–xSrxMnO3 (R = Sm, Nd)
A. I. Abramovich and A. V. Michurin
M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory, Moscow 119899, Russia
E-mail: abram@ofef343.phys.msu.su
Received October 26, 2000
Magnetization, ac initial magnetic susceptibility, resistance, magnetoresistance, thermal expansion
and magnetostriction measurements were performed for R1−xSrxMnO3 (R = Sm, x = 0.33, 0.40, 0.45;
R = Nd, x = 0.33, 0.45) compounds. For all compounds in the TC region we have observed a large volume
contraction ∆V/V ≈ 0.1% and unusual behavior of the volume magnetostriction ω, namely, a peak of
anomalous magnitude of negative volume magnetostriction on the ω(T) curve. We have obtained a giant
negative volume magnetostriction ∼ 5⋅10−4 at a relatively low magnetic field B = 0.9 T and ∼ 10−3 at a
high magnetic field B = 13 T for Sm samples. The magnetostriction of Nd compounds is one order of
magnitude less. For all compounds the giant magnetostriction is accompanied by colossal negative
magnetoresistance equal to 78, 72, and 44% at B = 0.9 T for Sm compounds with x = 0.33, 0.40, and
0.45, respectively. All of the observed properties are explained in the framework of an electronic phase
separation model.
PACS: 75.50.–y, 75.80.+q, 75.30.Kz, 75.40.–s, 74.72.Yg
Introduction
The discovery of high-temperature superconduc-
tors has stimulated interest in the investigation of
materials with similar structure, in particular of
manganites with the perovskite structure, with the
general formula R1−xAxMnO3 (R = La, Nd, Pr, Sm;
A = Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb). These materials have close
interplay between the electronic and magnetic sub-
systems and the crystal lattice, resulting in anoma-
lies of their magnetic, electric, optical, and elastic
properties. Doubtless, the most interesting effects
from the theoretical as well as the practical point of
view are the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) and
giant magnetostriction (MS) observed in them near
the Curie point TC . Generally, CMR materials can
be used as the highly sensitive and electrically
readable magnetic-field sensors for the read head of
the magnetic memory, and compounds with large
MS — in devices that convert magnetic energy to
the mechanical one. For this purpose it is necessary
to stimulate a search for materials having CMR and
very high MS at room temperature in the low
magnetic field. There are many papers devoted to
the CMR study (see the review articles [1,2] and
the references cited therein), while the MS is
scarcely explored [3–9]. Earlier the giant negative
volume MS ω ≈ − 5⋅10−4 has been found by us for
the compound Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3 in a low magnetic
field of 0.9 T [10]. It is accompanied by negative
CMR equal to 44% in the same magnetic field. In
this work we present our results of the study of the
MS, thermal expansion (TE), resistance, magne-
toresistance (MR), magnetization, and ac initial
magnetic and paramagnetic susceptibility for
R1−xSrxMnO3 (R = Sm, x = 0.33, 0.40, 0.45; Nd,
x = 0.33, 0.45) compounds.
Synthesis and experimental details
The ceramic samples were prepared as follows:
ash-free paper filters were soaked with an aqueous
solution of the metal nitrates with a concentration
about 1 mol/l, and then the ashes formed by
burning of the dried filters were annealed at 973 K,
and the powder was pressed into pellets and sin-
tered in air at 1473 K for 12 h. The phase composi-
tion and lattice parameters were controlled by x-ray
diffraction with Siemens D5000 diffractometer
(CuKα radiation). The ceramic was found to be
pure single-phase perovskite with the orthorhombic
Pnma structure. The phase purity was also proved
by a Raman spectrometry study performed with a
triple monochromator system (Jobin-Yvon
© A. I. Abramovich and A. V. Michurin, 2001
T64 000): only the phonon bands characteristic for
Pnma perovskite manganites were observed.
The magnetization measurements were performed
by a vibrating magnetometer in magnetic fields up
to 1 T and by the ballistic method in magnetic
fields up to 4 T; the initial magnetic susceptibility
in an ac magnetic field with frequency from 0.8 to
8 kHz was measured with a F-5063 ferrometer; the
paramagnetic susceptibility was measured using a
balance (weighing) method with electromagnetic
compensation. The resistance was measured by a
four-probe method; contacts to the sample were
attached using a silver paste. The magnetostriction
and thermal expansion were measured with strain
gauges with resistance (92.30 ± 0.01) Ω and ten-
sosensitivity factor 2.26. One gauge was glued to
the flat surface of the sample and the other one was
glued to quartz. During the measurements the
gauges were arranged identically on the sample and
on the quartz with respect to direction of the
magnetic field.
Results
Magnetic properties. The magnetization mea-
surements show that magnetization isotherms at
4.2 K are saturated at a magnetic field of 2 T for
the Nd compounds and are not saturated at mag-
netic fields up to 4 T (maximum field of measure-
ments) for the Sm compounds. The spontaneous
magnetic moment of the x = 0.45 (R = Nd) com-
pound is equal to 3.50 µB/mol, which is close to the
value 3.55 µB/mol corresponding to ferromagnetic
(FM) ordering of the Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions.
The spontaneous magnetic moment of the x = 0.33
(R = Nd) compound is equal to 4.20 µB/mol, which
is considerably higher than the value of
3.67 µB/mol, corresponding to FM ordering of the
Mn ions only. Apparently, this difference is due to
the magnetic moment of the Nd3+ ions. As was
shown by the neutron diffraction method for the
Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3 compound, the Nd3+ magnetic mo-
ment reaches 0.8 µB and points in the same direction
as the Mn magnetic moments [11]. The spontaneous
magnetic moments for the Sm compounds are less
than for the Nd compounds. They are equal to
3.18 µB/mol for x = 0.45 and to 3.30 µB/mol for
x = 0.33, values that are approximately 90% of the
moment that would be expected for complete ferro-
magnetic ordering. It was found that Curie tem-
peratures TC , defined by extrapolation of the
sharpest part of the magnetization curve to the
temperature axis, depend on the magnetic field
magnitude. This means that the FM — paramag-
netic transition is strongly broadened. Conse-
quently, it is necessary to estimate TC for these
compounds either by methods excluding the mag-
netic field or in a very low magnetic field. The
more-exact TC values were estimated from measure-
ments of the ac initial magnetic susceptibility in a
magnetic field of 10−4 T at a frequency of 8 kHz.
They were determined as the temperatures at which
the ∂χ/∂T(T) curves display a minimum and they
are equal to 263 and 242 K for x = 0.45 and 0.33
(R = Nd) and to 126, 112, and 78 K for x = 0.45,
0.40, and 0.33 (R = Sm) compounds, respectively.
As one can see from Fig. 1, a very sharp increase of
the ac magnetic susceptibility takes place at TC for
all samples, while a sharp peak on the χ(T) curve is
observed in the low-temperature region (T < 40 K)
for Sm compounds only, and its position is practi-
cally independent of x. The paramagnetic suscepti-
bility of Nd compounds obeys the Curie—Weiss
law. A deviation from this law is observed at
T < 2TC for all Sm compounds, and this means that
the magnetic state is inhomogeneous in this tem-
perature region.
Resistivity and magnetoresistance. All of the
compounds have a maximum on the temperature
dependence of the resistivity near TC (Fig. 2). For
Sm compounds the resistivity at the maximum
varies over 3–4 orders of magnitude, while for the
Fig. 1. Temperature dependence of the ac initial magnetic sus-
ceptibility for the Sm (a) and Nd (b) compounds.
a
b
A. I. Abramovich and A. V. Michurin
380 Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2001, v. 27, No 4
Nd compounds it varies only several-fold. Tempera-
ture-dependent hysteresis of the resistivity is ob-
served below TC for the Sm compounds only. The
value of the resistivity decreases and the peak posi-
tion shifts to higher temperature upon application
of a magnetic field. The temperature dependences of
the MR for all of the compounds exhibit a peak
near TC . Figure 2,b (bottom) displays the tempera-
ture dependence of the MR for both Nd compounds
in a magnetic field B = 0.84 T, and Fig. 2,a (bot-
tom) displays the same for the Sm compound with
x = 0.40. One can see that for the Nd compounds
the MR shows a steady drop with increasing T,
interrupted by a slight increase near TC . The MR
of all the Sm compounds passes through a maximum
slightly below TC and then drops as the tempera-
ture decreases. Two contributions to the MR are
clearly seen from Fig. 2: one is the MR peak near
TC and other is the low-temperature MR, which is
usually very small in manganite single crystals but
reaches approximately 12% of the value at 80 K for
our Nd samples. The low-temperature MR is usually
related with intergrain spin-polarized tunnel-
ing [12] and spin-dependent scattering of polarized
electrons at the grain boundaries [13]. We assume
that the first mechanism is predominant for our
compounds, because for manganites a strong p–d
exchange takes place, and they have a large thick-
ness of the domain wall. For example, the domain
wall thickness is 103a (where a is the lattice pa-
rameter) according to the with estimate made
in [14]. In such a wide domain wall the spins turn
gradually, and because of the strong p–d exchange
the charge carrier spin is arranged parallel to the
spin of the ion on which it is located at the time. In
this case the charge carrier has not scattered. The
MR peak near TC seems to arise from a magnetore-
sistance contribution inside the grains. The MR of
the Sm compounds is considerably larger than for
the Nd compounds. For example, for the x = 0.45
sample at 100 K the negative MR is 44 and 20% in
magnetic fields of 0.9 and 0.4 T, respectively. The
MR of the x = 0.33 compound is still greater: it is
equal to 78 and 52% in the same fields at 80 K, i.e.,
we obtained CMR in the relatively low magnetic
fields and over a wide temperature region, which is
important for practical device applications.
Thermal expansion and magnetostriction. Figure
3,a displays the temperature dependence of the TE
for all Sm compounds, and Fig. 3,b — the same for
the two Nd compounds. One can see that a sharp
reduction ∆L/L is observed at TC , with a volume
contraction ∆V/V ≈ 0.1% (∆V/V = 3∆L/L) for
the x = 0.40 and 0,45 (R = Sm) compounds. A
sharp change of the TE (∆V/V ≈ 0.15%) is ob-
served in a wide temperature region near TC for the
Nd compound with x = 0.33 and a smoother change
for compound with x = 0.45. Besides, we observed
temperature-dependent hysteresis of the TE in the
TC region for all Sm compounds. This fact indicates
that the phase transition at TC is first-order. Tem-
perature-dependent hysteresis of the TE was not
observed for the Nd compounds.
The longitudinal (λ || ) and transverse (λ⊥) MS
with respect to the applied magnetic field were
measured for all compounds. The volume (ω) and
anisotropic (λt) MS were calculated as
ω = λ || + 2λ⊥ and λt = λ || − λ⊥ . For all of the com-
Fig. 2. Temperature dependence of the resistivity (top) and
MR (bottom) for the Sm0.60Sr0.40MnO3 (a) and for the two Nd
compounds (b).
a
b
Giant volume magnetostriction in CMR manganites R1–x
Sr
x
MnO3 (R = Sm, Nd)
Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2001, v. 27, No 4 381
pounds we observed unusual behavior of the volume
MS in the TC region, namely, a peak of anomalous
magnitude of negative volume MS on the ω(T)
curve. As one can see from Fig. 4,a, which displays
the temperature dependences of the volume and
anisotropic MS for the x = 0.40 (R = Sm) com-
pound, ω is negative in the TC region and very large
|ω| ≈ 5⋅10−4 at B = 0.9 T. At a high magnetic field of
13 T it reaches |ω| ≈ 10−3 for all the Sm compounds.
The anisotropic MS is very small for all of the Sm
compounds and changes sign near TC for the com-
pounds with x = 0.40 and 0.45. In the TC region the
volume MS isotherms are not saturated in magnetic
fields up of to 1 T, and clear hysteresis is observed
during increase and decrease of magnetic field. The
MS of the Nd compounds is one order of magnitude
less than for the Sm compounds. For the x = 0.33
compound changes ω sign at 160 K: it is positive
below this temperature and negative above it
(Fig. 4,b). The ω(T) curve has an abrupt minimum
at TC , with |ω| being equal to 7⋅10−5 at B = 0.9 T.
The λt is positive and equal to 3⋅10−5 at 80 K in the
same magnetic field, and it drops continuously to
zero near TC . For the x = 0.45 compound the
volume and anisotropic MS behavior is similar, but
the MS value is less than for the x = 0.33 compound
(|ω| = 1.5⋅10−5 at B = 0.9 T near TC). For both
compounds the volume MS isotherms are not satu-
rated in magnetic fields up to 1 T, and no hysteresis
is observed during increase and decrease of the
magnetic field.
Discussion
At present there are different ideas concerning
the nature of the CMR effect in manganites. Never-
theless, one should note that the behavior of ρ and
the CMR in manganites is similar to that in usual
magnetic semiconductors of the EuSe and
CdCr2Se4 type, where it was explained by the
existence of a magnetic two-phase state
(MTPS) [15]. As is well known, in magnetic semi-
conductors the charge carrier energy is minimal
when the total ordering in the crystal is FM. For
this reason, on account of the gain in the s–d
exchange energy the electrons produce FM microre-
gions (droplets) in an antiferromagnetic (AFM)
semiconductor and stabilize these droplets by their
self-localization in them (insulating MTPS). As the
impurity concentration increases, such FM droplets
Fig. 4. Temperature dependence of the volume anisotropic MS
for the Sm0.60Sr0.40MnO3 (a) and Nd0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (b).
Fig. 3. Temperature dependence of the TE for the Sm (a) and
Nd (b) compounds.
a
b
a
b
A. I. Abramovich and A. V. Michurin
382 Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2001, v. 27, No 4
in an insulating AFM host increase in size, and at a
sufficiently high doping level they undergo perco-
lation. In the process, another MTPS is formed:
the insulating AFM droplets are located in a con-
ducting FM host (conducting MTPS). So the
R1−xSrxMnO3 (R = Sm, Nd) compounds are heavily
doped AFM semiconductors RMnO3 (R = Sm, Nd)
in which, as we propose, MTPS is realized at low
temperatures. It is confirmed by the following facts:
(i) the spontaneous magnetization at 4.2 K is less
then expected for full FM ordering (including rare-
earth ions), (ii) the existence of the low-tempera-
ture peak on the χ(T) curves for Sm compounds,
which can be due to distortion of the magnetic
ordering in an AFM part of crystal, (iii) inde-
pendence of the peak temperature from x — the
concentration of Sr ions. We suppose that a con-
ducting MTPS takes place in our compounds, be-
cause they have metallic type of conductivity at low
temperatures. Their resistivity at 80 K is ∼ 100 and
∼ 10−102 Ω⋅cm for the Nd and Sm compounds re-
spectively, but these high values of the resistivity
can be connected with the properties of the grain
boundaries. In the case of a conducting MTPS there
are two mechanisms by which the impurity–mag-
netic interaction can influence the resistance: (i)
the scattering of charge carriers, which reduces
their mobility; (ii) the formation of band tails,
consisting of localized states. The decrease of the
charge carrier mobility and their partial localization
in band tails are most prominent in the TC region.
The MR is caused by suppression of the impurity–
magnetic scattering and band tails by the magnetic
field [16].
At present there is no theory that can explain the
MS and TE of manganites. We propose that the
MTPS is also the reason for the MS and TE ano-
malies. Yanase and Kasuya showed that the lattice
parameters decrease in the FM part of crystal, since
this results in screening of the new charge distribu-
tion and lowers its energy by increasing the overlap
of the charge clouds of the central ion and its
nearest neighbors [17]. The lattice contraction in
La1−xCaxMnO3 manganites near TC has been con-
firmed by a neutron diffraction study [18]. In the
absence of magnetic field the FM part of the crystal
breaks down thermally in the TC region, and an
excess TE of the sample takes place, as was ob-
served in the present work (Fig. 3). It is known
that the imposition of an external magnetic field at
T ≥ TC increases the degree of FM order near the
impurities more strongly than on the average over
the crystal, since the effect of the field is intensified
by the s–d exchange. That is, a magnetic field
restores the FM parts of crystal which were de-
stroyed by heating, and a corresponding compres-
sion of the lattice occurs. However, the process of
field-induced production of the FM clusters occurs
in a limited temperature range not far above TC .
For this reason, the curves ω(T) pass through a
minimum and |ω| drops rapidly as the temperature
increases further (Fig. 4).
Conclusions
In summary, we have found a close relationship
between the magnetic, transport and elastic proper-
ties of Sm and Nd manganites. Near the Curie point
for all of the investigated compounds we have
observed: (1) a maximum on the temperature de-
pendence of the resistivity; (2) a maximum on the
temperature dependence of the absolute value of the
magnetoresistance; (3) an abrupt minimum on the
temperature dependence of the negative volume
MS; (4) a large volume contraction; (5) CMR and
giant MS, both effects being observed at low mag-
netic fields, which is important for practical device
applications. We have explained the above-de-
scribed properties by the existence of a magnetic
two-phase state, just like that the in the usual
magnetic semiconductors of the EuSe and
CdCr2Se4 type.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Prof. L. I. Koroleva for
a helpful discussion, and we are grateful to Dr. O.
Yu. Gorbenko and Prof. A. R. Kaul’ for synthesis
of the compounds. This work was supported in part
by the Russian Fund for Basic Research (Grants #
00-15-96695 and 00-02-17810), INTAS-97-open-
30253, and NATO-HTECH LG972942.
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