Vocational education problems in tourism sphere of Azerbaijan
It is not hard to perceive the dimensions of the effects on the economy of countries as the tourism sector is a challenging area for 33 different sectors. Tourism is seen as the most important alternative to the industry, and the driving forces of economic development in developing countries. In thi...
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Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України
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irk-123456789-1309402018-03-09T03:02:45Z Vocational education problems in tourism sphere of Azerbaijan Aliyeva, I. Management of Labour and Safety It is not hard to perceive the dimensions of the effects on the economy of countries as the tourism sector is a challenging area for 33 different sectors. Tourism is seen as the most important alternative to the industry, and the driving forces of economic development in developing countries. In this sense, in order to get more share from the tourism movements, many countries have started to rapidly increase the number of tourism businesses and their capacities with various incentive measures. Due to the labor-intensive nature of the tourism sector, the importance of trained skilled labor force in the tourism sector arises. Individuals shall be taught practical knowledge and skill in every stage of the tourism education. In order to be able to survive in increasing competition environment qualified workforce is one of the basic steps. And this can only be actualized by efficient and qualified tourism education and employing the vocational school of tourism graduates in the sector. Therefore, the research conducted to emphasis the importance of vocational training for fulfilling the need of qualified personals in tourism. It is not hard to perceive the dimensions of the effects on the economy of countries as the tourism sector is a challenging area for 33 different sectors. Tourism is seen as the most important alternative to the industry, and the driving forces of economic development in developing countries. In this sense, in order to get more share from the tourism movements, many countries have started to rapidly increase the number of tourism businesses and their capacities with various incentive measures. Due to the labor-intensive nature of the tourism sector, the importance of trained skilled labor force in the tourism sector arises. Individuals shall be taught practical knowledge and skill in every stage of the tourism education. In order to be able to survive in increasing competition environment qualified workforce is one of the basic steps. And this can only be actualized by efficient and qualified tourism education and employing the vocational school of tourism graduates in the sector. Therefore, the research conducted to emphasis the importance of vocational training for fulfilling the need of qualified personals in tourism. Учитывая тот факт, что туризм является важным сектором в 33 отраслях, нельзя отрицать его влияния на экономику. Туризм, как самая важная альтернатива, рассматривается как движущая сила в экономическом развитии развивающихся стран. В этой связи многие страны начали увеличивать число туристических предприятий различными инициативами, чтобы получить большую долю доходов в туризме. Специализированные кадровые ресурсы играют ключевую роль в туризме, учитывая тот факт, что туризм является человеческим сектором. Важное значение имеет получение практических знаний на всех этапах туристического образования. Наличие квалифицированного персонала является одним из основных шагов для продолжения растущей конкуренции. Это можно сделать только эффективно и профессионально с помощью образования в сфере туризма и трудоустройства выпускников профессионально-технических училищ в этом секторе. Поэтому в этом исследовании подчеркивается важность профессионального обучения для удовлетворения потребностей квалифицированных кадров в туризме. 2017 Article Vocational education problems in tourism sphere of Azerbaijan / I. Aliyeva // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2017. — № 4 (50). — С. 182-184. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 1817-3772 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/130940 377:338.48+331.55 en Економічний вісник Донбасу Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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Management of Labour and Safety Management of Labour and Safety |
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Management of Labour and Safety Management of Labour and Safety Aliyeva, I. Vocational education problems in tourism sphere of Azerbaijan Економічний вісник Донбасу |
| description |
It is not hard to perceive the dimensions of the effects on the economy of countries as the tourism sector is a challenging area for 33 different sectors. Tourism is seen as the most important alternative to the industry, and the driving forces of economic development in developing countries. In this sense, in order to get more share from the tourism movements, many countries have started to rapidly increase the number of tourism businesses and their capacities with various incentive measures. Due to the labor-intensive nature of the tourism sector, the importance of trained skilled labor force in the tourism sector arises. Individuals shall be taught practical knowledge and skill in every stage of the tourism education. In order to be able to survive in increasing competition environment qualified workforce is one of the basic steps. And this can only be actualized by efficient and qualified tourism education and employing the vocational school of tourism graduates in the sector. Therefore, the research conducted to emphasis the importance of vocational training for fulfilling the need of qualified personals in tourism. |
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Article |
| author |
Aliyeva, I. |
| author_facet |
Aliyeva, I. |
| author_sort |
Aliyeva, I. |
| title |
Vocational education problems in tourism sphere of Azerbaijan |
| title_short |
Vocational education problems in tourism sphere of Azerbaijan |
| title_full |
Vocational education problems in tourism sphere of Azerbaijan |
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Vocational education problems in tourism sphere of Azerbaijan |
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Vocational education problems in tourism sphere of Azerbaijan |
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vocational education problems in tourism sphere of azerbaijan |
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Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України |
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2017 |
| topic_facet |
Management of Labour and Safety |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/130940 |
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Vocational education problems in tourism sphere of Azerbaijan / I. Aliyeva // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2017. — № 4 (50). — С. 182-184. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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I. Aliyeva
182
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(50), 2017
UDC 377:338.48+331.55
I. Aliyeva,
Azerbajan Tourism and Management University
VOCATIONAL EDUCAT�ON PROBLEMS IN TOURISM SPHERE OF AZERBAIJAN
Introduction. In modern age competitive produc-
tion in the world market and sustainable economic
growth is mainly driven by human capital. As a result of
World Bank surveys in 192 countries, it was found out
that 16% of our economic growth happened because of
physical capital, 20% natural resources, 64% human
capital. Moreover, according to western research the
rate of return on investment in human capital in deve-
loped countries at least twice as much as the profit from
the shares. In this regard, human capital development
has become one of the major tasks of each state, as the
main productive force of society. Among the factors that
contribute to the development of human capital, one of
the key areas is the effectiveness of investments directed
to people's education, particularly vocational training. In
general, the experience of developed countries shows
that vocational education has an indispensable role in
ensuring sustainable economic development and high
living standards.
Vocational tourism education
The main focus of the tourism education in the
world is on vocational education. In general, vocational
education is defined as "the process by which individu-
als in a society are able to be professional and develop
the skills of the individual in terms of physical, intellec-
tual, emotional, social and economic aspects, giving
them the knowledge, skills and practical application
skills required by the profession" [2]. Tourism education
should not be perceived as different from general edu-
cation and needs to be done in general education. The
aim of the training is to increase the knowledge and
skills of the people and to make them a good citizen. In
parallel, tourism education and training includes the
process of raising productivity in the labor-driven tour-
ism sector, providing direct services to tourists, and at-
taining behavior standards to balance the competencies,
abilities and responsibilities of staff. The nature of the
tourism sector as a social phenomenon and its relevance
to all segments of the society at a certain level includes
not only the focus of professional formation but also the
social aims of this sector.
It is difficult to put a determinate date on the start
of tourism education but seems it was during the 1960s
that a number of key changes had been in tourism, in
education and in society more generally, led to the emer-
gence of tourism “both as a clear area of study in its own
right and as a subject for study to diploma and degree
level and for research. During that decade many of the
early tourism programs began. The tourism programs of
the 1960s and 1970s were highly vocational in aim and
content, highly restricted in the knowledge base on
which they could draw, and highly based on economics
and business studies [3].
As noted earlier by the author (Airey, 1995, p.4),
the growth of tourism as an activity, the expansion of
further and higher education, as well as an increased
recognition and respectability of vocational education
provided a fairly potent set of influences that encou-
raged what would now be called “educational entrepre-
neurs” to launch the first tourism programmes. Tourism
education began as a development of technical/voca-
tional schools in Europe. These schools highlighted
training in foundation abilities such as hospitality, hotel
management and related business skills. Need and call
from the public and private sectors influenced prompt
growth of tourism studies and the development, and es-
tablishment, of departments of tourism at institutions of
higher education in addition to technical schools (Butler
1999, p.7-25).
Tourism education in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan has the potential to attract a large num-
ber of international tourists. Tourism is increasingly be-
coming an important part of Azerbaijan’s economy. In
Azerbaijan, 2011 has been declared the “Year of Tour-
ism.” Today works are carried out to draw tourists from
foreign countries. The successful oil strategy shows it-
self on non-oil sector in fast-growing Azerbaijan Repub-
lic. Tourism industry is one of the important fields of
non-oil sector. Due to the potential of increasing in-
comes to the state budget, Azerbaijan Government tar-
geted to develop tourism industry and make it the most
sustainable and competitive part of the economy. Ac-
cording to experts, the demand to tourism personnel will
be more than 75000, until 2023. But now, professional
cadre shortage on tourism is one of the main problems,
preventing the development of perspective tourism in-
dustry of our country.
Tourism personnel are trained on
• Primary vocational special education – in voca-
tional schools and vocational high schools from 3 to 6
months;
• Vocational secondary education – in colleges
for 2-3 years.
• Bachelor education – at universities up to 4-
5 years.
• Master education - at universities up to 2-
3 years.
• Doctorate education – up to 3-5 years [7].
Organization and development of vocational edu-
cation of Tourism industry is one of the main tasks of
our government recent years. So, below indicated ar-
ticles of State Program on development of tourism, » ap-
proved by the President's decree dated on April 6, 2010
I. Aliyeva
183
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(50), 2017
were purely related with the education of tourism in
Azerbaijan.
• Approval of special tariff handbook of Tourism
personnel.
• Establishment of national tourism training cen-
ter under the Azerbaijan Institute of Tourism.
• Improvement of relevant study program at uni-
versities, high schools and vocational schools preparing
tourism professionals.
• Realization of Special events, courses and train-
ings for the personnel working in the tourism industry.
• Implementation of sanitary and hygiene study
programs in tourism enterprises.
• Preparation of proposals about the implementa-
tion of international practices and new education oppor-
tunities of tourism.
Vocational tourism schools in Azerbaijan
Vocational schools and high schools are the initial
phase of the training of personnel in tourism educational
institutions. Currently, the following educational insti-
tutions are available in the level of primary vocational
schools:
• Baku Tourism Vocational School,
• Vocational Training Centre of Tourism and Ho-
tel Business in Gabala
• Vocational Training Center in Ismayilli.
Due to the high demand of vocational education of
tourism, Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan
Republic signed a decree of establishment of vocational
training schools in the regions of Azerbaijan [7].
These are relevant tourism specializations due to
the decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan Re-
public about the approval of the classification of the pro-
fessions of primary vocational education.
Classification of the professions
of primary vocational education
Name of specialty
group
Specialty name
Commercial Tourism agent
Catering services
Waiter
bartender
waiter, bartender, barman
Confectioner
Cook
The barman-waiter
Hotel receptions
Employee of sanitary department
Ski Tourism Ski tourism guides
Travel guide
Ecotourism guides
The national park guides
Local guides
Source Azerbaijan Ministry of Tourism Report, 2011.
The first trade cantor apprenticeship school was
founded in Azerbaijan in the basis of 3 year education,
due to the decree of Cooperatives Union for the South
Caucasus in 1927-1928 academic years in order to pro-
vide trade and service enterprises of Baku and Azerbai-
jan with the professional employees.
The name changed several times and called Baku
vocational School in this educational institution was re-
alized already the preparation of waiters, cook-confec-
tioners and travel guides. It was considered to establish
Baku Tourism Vocational School under the Azerbaijan
Institute of Tourism due to the clause 19 of the action
plan related with "Tourism Year" declaration of current
year approved with Azerbaijan President's order, dated
July 20, 2011 and implemented with the decree of the
Cabinet of Ministers of Azerbaijan Republic dated De-
cember 6, 2011.
The following vocational classes are taught to the
pupils studying barman, bartender and waiter: Customer
service management, the culinary characteristics of
lunches, Bar and buffet equipment, Food physiology,
Beverage making technology
Conclusion. Tourism is one of the most important
sectors today due to its important place in the gross na-
tional product of the countries. Therefore, tourism needs
to be important. Even if qualified infrastructure can be
built, it will reduce the importance of tourism in the long
term when it cannot be filled with qualified personnel.
The way of providing qualified staff also lies through
education. Tourism education in Azerbaijan is given as
vocational and higher education. According to the re-
sults of research we can list the aims of vocational tour-
ism education as follow:
Establish the relationship between theoretical
and practical education;
Contribute to the development of the sector;
Creating a positive tourism awareness over the
citizen;
To reveal the interest of people in the tourism;
To increase the knowledge and skills of the em-
ployees in the sector;
The following suggestions regarding vocational
education can be made;
The establishment of a committee to supervise
the adequacy of the courses given in the higher educa-
tion institutions and should be provided with workers
from the sector;
Curriculums should be organized to meet the
needs of the regions;
The pyramid of International Labor Organiza-
tion should be taken into account while calculating the
quotas for higher education;
Whether alumnus from vocational tourism
schools or higher tourism educational institutions one-
year vocational qualification internship should be done.
In addition, a proficiency examination should be given
by teachers and vocational teachers in tourism in every
5 years;
The amount of funds allocated from the state
budget for the vocational education in the country
should be increased several times;
Within the framework of state investments, new
high school lyceums should be built in the capital and
I. Aliyeva
184
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(50), 2017
all regions, existing ones should be reconstructed ac-
cordance with modern requirements;
Low level of teacher’s salary at vocational
schools does not allow to involve employees in this
field. From this point of view, salaries of employees
here should be increased.
References
1. Baum, T. (2002). Skills and training for the hos-
pitality sector: A review of issues. Journal of
Vocational Education and Training, 54(3), 343-363.
2. AYMANKUY, Yusuf veAymankuy, Șimal. (2002).
ÖnlisansveLisansDüzeyindekiTurizmEğitimiVerenYü
kseköğretimKurumlarınınBulunduklarıYerlerinAnalizi
veTurizmEğitimi�çinÖneriBir Model, TurizmEğitimi
Konferansı/Workshop 11-13 Aralık, s: 29-42), Ankara.
3. Airey, D., & Tribe, J. (2005) Issues for the future. In:
D. Airey, & J. Tribe (Eds.), an international handbook
of tourism education (pp. 501-506). 4. Mardanov M.C.
(2005). Education Policy of Azerbaijan, p. 25-28
(M.C.Mərdanov, 2005, Azərbaycanıntəhsil siyasəti,
s.25-28). 5. Hacıoğlu, N. (2008). Türkiye’de
TurizmEğitimi. Ankara: DetayYayıncılık, 11-17.
6. KIZILIRMAK, �smail, “MeslekYüksek Okulları
Turizmve OtelcilikProgramlarınınGünümüzTurizmSek
törününBeklentileriDoğrultusundaDeğerlendirilmesi”,
http://yayim.meb.gov.tr/dergiler/147/kizilirmak.htm,
erișim: 10/10/2012. 7. Report Azerbaijan Ministry of
Tourism, access on 23 August, 2017, http://mct.gov.az/
styles/doc/hesabat_2011.pdf. 8. Ministry of Culture
and Tourism, access on 27 August, 2017. URL:
www.mct.gov.az. 9. Azerbaijan Statistic Committee,
access on 25 August, 2017. URL: http://www.stat.gov.
az/ source/tourism/.
Алієва І. Проблеми професійної освіти Азер-
байджану в сфері туризму
З огляду на той факт, що туризм є важливим
сектором у 33 галузях, не можна заперечувати його
впливу на економіку. Туризм, як найважливіша аль-
тернатива, розглядається як рушійна сила в еконо-
мічному розвитку країн, що розвиваються. У зв'язку
з цим багато країн почали збільшувати число турис-
тичних підприємств різними ініціативами, щоб
отримати більшу частку доходів в туризмі. Спеціа-
лізовані кадрові ресурси відіграють ключову роль у
туризмі, з огляду на той факт, що туризм є людським
сектором. Важливе значення має отримання прак-
тичних знань на всіх етапах туристичної освіти. На-
явність кваліфікованого персоналу є одним з основ-
них кроків для продовження зростаючої конкурен-
ції. Це можна зробити тільки ефективно і профе-
сійно за допомогою освіти в галузі туризму та пра-
цевлаштування випускників професійно-технічних
училищ в цьому секторі. Тому в цьому дослідженні
підкреслюється важливість професійного навчання
для задоволення потреб кваліфікованих кадрів в ту-
ризмі.
Ключові слова: професійна освіта, освіта в
сфері туризму, робоча сила туризму.
Алиева И. Проблемы профессионального об-
разования Азербайджана в сфере туризма
Учитывая тот факт, что туризм является важ-
ным сектором в 33 отраслях, нельзя отрицать его
влияния на экономику. Туризм, как самая важная
альтернатива, рассматривается как движущая сила в
экономическом развитии развивающихся стран. В
этой связи многие страны начали увеличивать число
туристических предприятий различными инициати-
вами, чтобы получить большую долю доходов в ту-
ризме. Специализированные кадровые ресурсы иг-
рают ключевую роль в туризме, учитывая тот факт,
что туризм является человеческим сектором. Важ-
ное значение имеет получение практических знаний
на всех этапах туристического образования. Нали-
чие квалифицированного персонала является одним
из основных шагов для продолжения растущей кон-
куренции. Это можно сделать только эффективно и
профессионально с помощью образования в сфере
туризма и трудоустройства выпускников професси-
онально-технических училищ в этом секторе. По-
этому в этом исследовании подчеркивается важ-
ность профессионального обучения для удовлетво-
рения потребностей квалифицированных кадров в
туризме.
Ключевые слова: профессиональное образова-
ние, образование в сфере туризма, рабочая сила ту-
ризма.
Aliyeva I. Vocational education problems in
tourism sphere of Azerbaijan
It is not hard to perceive the dimensions of the ef-
fects on the economy of countries as the tourism sector
is a challenging area for 33 different sectors. Tourism is
seen as the most important alternative to the industry,
and the driving forces of economic development in de-
veloping countries. In this sense, in order to get more
share from the tourism movements, many countries
have started to rapidly increase the number of tourism
businesses and their capacities with various incentive
measures. Due to the labor-intensive nature of the tour-
ism sector, the importance of trained skilled labor force
in the tourism sector arises [6]. Individuals shall be
taught practical knowledge and skill in every stage of
the tourism education. In order to be able to survive in
increasing competition environment qualified work-
force is one of the basic steps. And this can only be ac-
tualized by efficient and qualified tourism education and
employing the vocational school of tourism graduates in
the sector. Therefore, the research conducted to empha-
sis the importance of vocational training for fulfilling
the need of qualified personals in tourism.
Keywords: vocational education, tourism educa-
tion, tourism workforce.
Received by the editors: 26.09.2017
and final form 22.12.2017
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