Evolution of Innovation Cluster Policy in Ukraine
The article deals with the main stages of evolution of the policy on creation and support of innovative clusters in Ukraine, key initiatives of the state on promotion of clusters are considered. Particular attention is paid to the formation of specific clusters and their further development in condi...
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Центр досліджень науково-технічного потенціалу та історії науки ім. Г.М. Доброва НАН України
2017
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| Цитувати: | Evolution of Innovation Cluster Policy in Ukraine / K.S. Shakhbazyan, H.P. Dubinskyi, I.Yu. Yegorov // Наука та наукознавство. — 2017. — № 4. — С. 35-45. — Бібліогр.: 19 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-1323722018-04-19T03:02:57Z Evolution of Innovation Cluster Policy in Ukraine Shakhbazyan, K.S. Dubinskyi, H.P. Yegorov, I.Yu. Наука та інноваційний розвиток економіки і суспільства The article deals with the main stages of evolution of the policy on creation and support of innovative clusters in Ukraine, key initiatives of the state on promotion of clusters are considered. Particular attention is paid to the formation of specific clusters and their further development in conditions of deep social and economic crisis. It is shown that innovative clusters have not yet become a widespread phenomenon in Ukraine due to a number of reasons that are analyzed in the article. The recommendations on measures of state support of innovative clusters in the context of European integration processes are developed, with the particular emphasis on the role of scientific centers. These centers could become the basis of such clusters. У статті розглянуто основні етапи еволюції політики щодо створення та підтримки інноваційних кластерів в Україні, проаналізовано основні ініціативи держави щодо стимулювання кластерів. Спеціальну увагу приділено становленню конкретних кластерів та їх подальшому розвитку в умовах глибокої соціально-економічної кризи. Показано, що інноваційні кластери ще не набули поширення в Україні внаслідок низки причин, які аналізуються у статті. Розроблено рекомендації щодо заходів з державної підтримки інноваційних кластерів у контексті євроїнтеграційних процесів, зокрема підкреслено роль наукових центрів, які можуть стати основою таких кластерів. В статье рассмотрены основные этапы эволюции политики по созданию и поддержке инновационных кластеров в Украине, проанализированы основные инициативы государства по стимулированию кластеров. Особое внимание уделено становлению конкретных кластеров и их дальнейшему развитию в условиях глубокого социальноэкономического кризиса. Показано, что инновационные кластеры еще не получили широкого распространения в Украине в результате ряда причин, которые анализируются в статье. Разработаны рекомендации по мерам государственной поддержки иновационных кластеров в контексте евроинтеграционных процессов, в частности подчеркнута роль научных центров, которые могут стать основой таких кластеров. 2017 Article Evolution of Innovation Cluster Policy in Ukraine / K.S. Shakhbazyan, H.P. Dubinskyi, I.Yu. Yegorov // Наука та наукознавство. — 2017. — № 4. — С. 35-45. — Бібліогр.: 19 назв. — англ. 0374-3896 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/132372 330.341.1(477) en Наука та наукознавство Центр досліджень науково-технічного потенціалу та історії науки ім. Г.М. Доброва НАН України |
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Наука та інноваційний розвиток економіки і суспільства Наука та інноваційний розвиток економіки і суспільства |
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Наука та інноваційний розвиток економіки і суспільства Наука та інноваційний розвиток економіки і суспільства Shakhbazyan, K.S. Dubinskyi, H.P. Yegorov, I.Yu. Evolution of Innovation Cluster Policy in Ukraine Наука та наукознавство |
| description |
The article deals with the main stages of evolution of the policy on creation and support of innovative clusters in Ukraine, key initiatives of the state on promotion of clusters are considered. Particular attention is paid to the formation of specific clusters and their further development in conditions of deep social and economic crisis. It is shown that innovative clusters have not yet become a widespread phenomenon in Ukraine due to a number of reasons that are analyzed in the article. The recommendations on measures of state support of innovative clusters in the context of European integration processes are developed, with the particular emphasis on the role of scientific centers. These centers could become the basis of such clusters. |
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Article |
| author |
Shakhbazyan, K.S. Dubinskyi, H.P. Yegorov, I.Yu. |
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Shakhbazyan, K.S. Dubinskyi, H.P. Yegorov, I.Yu. |
| author_sort |
Shakhbazyan, K.S. |
| title |
Evolution of Innovation Cluster Policy in Ukraine |
| title_short |
Evolution of Innovation Cluster Policy in Ukraine |
| title_full |
Evolution of Innovation Cluster Policy in Ukraine |
| title_fullStr |
Evolution of Innovation Cluster Policy in Ukraine |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evolution of Innovation Cluster Policy in Ukraine |
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evolution of innovation cluster policy in ukraine |
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Центр досліджень науково-технічного потенціалу та історії науки ім. Г.М. Доброва НАН України |
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2017 |
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Наука та інноваційний розвиток економіки і суспільства |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/132372 |
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Evolution of Innovation Cluster Policy in Ukraine / K.S. Shakhbazyan, H.P. Dubinskyi, I.Yu. Yegorov // Наука та наукознавство. — 2017. — № 4. — С. 35-45. — Бібліогр.: 19 назв. — англ. |
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ISSN 0374-3896. Наука та наукознавство. 2017. № 4 (98) 35
© SHAKHBA-
ZYAN К.S.,
DUBINSKYI H.P.,
YEGOROV I.YU.,
2017
The article deals with the main stages of evolution of the policy on creation
and support of innovative clusters in Ukraine, key initiatives of the state on
promotion of clusters are considered. Particular attention is paid to the
formation of specific clusters and their further development in conditions of
deep social and economic crisis. It is shown that innovative clusters have not
yet become a widespread phenomenon in Ukraine due to a number of reasons
that are analyzed in the article. The recommendations on measures of state
support of innovative clusters in the context of European integration processes
are developed, with the particular emphasis on the role of scientific centers.
These centers could become the basis of such clusters.
Keywords: innovation policy, clusters, legislative framework, eurointegration, cross-
border cooperation.
UDC 330.341.1(477) К.S. SHAKHBAZYAN, PhD (Law), senior researcher,
Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine,
e-mail: shahbazjan@nas.gov.ua
H.P. DUBINSKYI, counselor of the Vice-President
of the NAS of Ukraine,
e-mail: inco.ncp.ukraine@gmail.com
I.Yu. YEGOROV, Dsc (Economics), professor, department head,
Institute for Economics and Forecasting of the NAS of Ukraine,
e-mail: igor_yegorov1@ukr.net
EVOLUTION OF INNOVATION CLUSTER
POLICY IN UKRAINE
Introduction. It is widely recognized since the previous cen-
tury, that clusters play an important role in modern economic
development in different regions of the world [1; 2; 3]. Uk-
rainian authors have also stress the need to stimulate clus ters,
and especially innovation clusters to foster transformation of
the national economy [4].
The main goal of this article is to describe evolution of
the cluster policy in Ukraine in recent years and to propose
recommendations for development of innovation clusters in
the country.
36 ISSN 0374-3896. Science and Science of Science. 2017. № 4 (98)
К.S. Shakhbazyan, H.P. Dubinskyi, I.Yu. Yegorov
The first official document on cluster policy in Ukraine was prepared in
2008, when «Concept of creation of clusters in Ukraine» was published by the Mi-
nistry of Economy of Ukraine [5]. This document identified the prospects of imp-
lementation of the cluster approach in the economy, highlighted the advantages of
cluster organization of production / manufacturing for the domestic economy, and
defined the conceptual basis of clusters.
The Concept proposed to distinguish four types of clusters:
• production clusters (especially, in auto, aircraft and shipyard sectors);
• innovation and technological clusters (geographically localized companies,
linked by the innovation product chains);
• tourism clusters;
• transport and logistics clusters.
On the base of the above-mentioned concept, «National goal-oriented program
for industrial development in Ukraine to 2017» was adopted by the government
(2008). Its implementation assumed the setting up of the cluster model in the natio-
nal economy. It also created some preconditions for the introduction of legal acts,
aimed at further developing state cluster policy in the Ukrainian economy. In May 7th,
2008, the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine issued a Decree No 703, which made
it difficult to undertake joint activities of predominantly state-owned companies
and other state organizations (research institutes, universities and so on) with non-
state firms and foreign companies. These activities had to be ensured by the special
permission of the Cabinet of Ministries (this Decree remained in force till 2012).
In 2009 another draft of «National Strategy formation and development of
cross-border clusters» was prepared. Its main purpose was to help to solve problems
associated with asymmetries in Ukraine’s regional development, the outflow of
its labor intellectual and other resources in border countries, as Ukraine lagged
behind them in terms of quality of life, investment attractiveness, competitiveness
and level of innovation. To overcome these deficiencies, the government planned
to establish cross-border cooperation with companies from these countries and to
create and to develop cross-border clusters.
Later, the Concept of the State Target Economic Program of industrial de-
velopment for the period till 2020 was adopted by Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers
of Ukraine [6] in 2013. In particular, a goal was established, promoting innovation
in all promising areas of economic activity through the creation of scientific in-
no vation and industrial clusters in high-tech brunches of industries, based on the
commercialization of their scientific research results, using idle production ca pa-
cities of state enterprises and brunch research institutions.
Despite the fact that not all these documents have become the laws, they have
opened the way for the creation of some cluster-type organizations in Ukraine,
as well as three EU-cross-border clusters, partially funded by the EU. On the
other hand, it is worth to mention that there was no special cluster-oriented state
program in Ukraine in 2000–2010s. No funding from the state budget supported
specific cluster-oriented initiatives in these years.
ISSN 0374-3896. Наука та наукознавство. 2017. № 4 (98) 37
Evolution of innovation cluster policy in Ukraine
Recent legislation and legal initiatives, promoting the creation and development
of clusters in Ukraine. The legal basis for the formation of innovation clusters and
activity in Ukraine is in Chapter 77 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, entitled «Contract
on the joint activity». It opens the way for legal facilitation of the joint activities of
different companies on the basis of standardized contracts. Clusters are mentioned
as a specific form of such joint activities. Thus, companies in the cluster could, in
principle, formalize their relations. At the same time, the law entitled «Priorities of
innovation activities in Ukraine» has identified several priority areas of innovation
activity in Ukraine [7].
The Priorities of innovation activities in Ukraine orders the executive power
bodies of Ukraine of all levels to create the most favorable conditions for the
implementation of priority-oriented innovation activities and the concentration of
financial, economic and intellectual resources on them.
According to this law, the implementation of strategic priorities for innovation
is one of the most important tasks of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, central
executive bodies, National and branch Academies of Sciences of Ukraine, as well
as innovative structures, created with the state support. In this context the efforts
of the government, the National and branch Academies of Sciences of Ukraine are
being made, despite some important problems of commercial activities of institutes
of the academies still have to be solved.
Nowadays ideas of creation and support of clusters in the Ukrainian economy
have become more popular, and the government has included them into its official
documents, including the Action Plan of the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine
(2015) [8] and into some programmes and tasks of specific ministries.
The new law entitled «On Scientific and Scientific-Technological Activity» [9]
was enacted on January 16, 2016. One of the most important innovations of this
document is the establishment of a permanent advisory body, the National Council of
Ukraine on Science and Technology under the auspices of the Cabinet of Minis ters
of Ukraine, the main purpose of which is to ensure an effective interaction between
representatives of the scientific community, governmental agencies, and industry.
The document introduces the rule according to which public research ins-
titutions and state universities, academies, institutes are entitled to be co-founders
of the economic societies with the aim of use of intellectual property.
Other legal initiatives described below are also aimed at supporting innovative
development and influencing cluster-related activities:
• The draft of «Strategy of development of high-tech industries by the year 2025»
(prepared by the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine in
2016) [10] lists a series of measures aimed at creating an effective ecosystem of
technological parks, scientific and industrial clusters. The Strategy contains a range
of measures designed to bridge the gap between the system of creation and the
system of implementation of created knowledge in innovation and production.
Some cluster-related initiatives are associated with the country’s leading
research organizations, universities and NGOS. For example, the National Aca-
38 ISSN 0374-3896. Science and Science of Science. 2017. № 4 (98)
К.S. Shakhbazyan, H.P. Dubinskyi, I.Yu. Yegorov
demy of Sciences of Ukraine plays an active role in this process. In recent years, the
Academy took part in the following actions:
• Participation in the creation of the National Association of Scientific,
Technological Parks and other innovative organizations [11] in Ukraine.
• Adoption of a Resolution by the Presidium of the National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine (No 176) on the 10.06.2009 with a specific chapter on
«Scientific support of formation of the new type of innovative structures in Ukraine –
national innovation clusters».
• Adoption of a Resolution on the Presidium of NAS of Ukraine (No 220)
on the 08.07.2009 focusing on «The order of construction/development of Na tio-
nal Innovative Clusters» [12]. This Resolution adopted recommendations on the
formation and operation of innovation clusters in Ukraine, which, in ter alia,
contained a definition of innovative structures and innovative clus ter specified
goals and objectives of national and industrial innovative clusters.
NGOs are more active in training and information spheres relating to cluster
formation. The experience of some developed countries shows that specially
trained cluster managers are the key for success of cluster initiatives. This was
taken into account in Ukraine: recently, several civil society organizations, NGOs
and Universities have started various projects, aimed at providing assistance in the
process of cluster formation and the activity intensification of clusters.
Examples of such activities include:
• Support to the creation of the National Association of Scientific-Tech-
nological parks and other innovative organizations in Ukraine. It has been created
with the assistance of the Ministry of Science and Education and of the National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The initiator of the Association creation was the
International Fund of Assistance to Investment – a Ukrainian NGO.
• Ukrainian Clusters Portal [13] — connects members of Ukrainian regional
clusters — entrepreneurs, academic community, local government officials. It was
created by entrepreneurs Stanislav Sokolenko and Sergei Sokolenko and by the In-
ternational Foundation for Market Assistance. This International Foundation for
Market Assistance was founded in 1997 to promote the development of the market
economy in Ukraine. The Foundation conducts studies of newly-emerging regional
clusters in Ukraine and assists their organizers. The Foundation formed the Com-
petitiveness Institute in 2002 to help to improve the economic conditions in Uk raine.
The Institute assists in development of national and regional com peti tiveness pro-
grams based on networked valued chains — clusters, strategic partnerships and alli-
ances. The main purpose of the Ukrainian Clusters Portal is to support Ukrainian
entrepreneurs and remove the barriers for their communication and cooperation.
• A private consultancy company entitled the Cluster University has been
established on the basis of The International Foundation for Market Assistance
and the Cluster Portal. Over the past years, the Foundation’s representatives ha-
ve organized training seminars and made presentations at a large number of con-
ferences in Ukraine and abroad [14].
ISSN 0374-3896. Наука та наукознавство. 2017. № 4 (98) 39
Evolution of innovation cluster policy in Ukraine
• Since 2012, the department of the leading Ukrainian University Kyiv
Mohyla Academy — Kyiv Mohyla Business School (KMBS) has been building
an expertise in cluster development. KMBS experts studied world practices of
cluster initiatives in the Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland, Estonia, the US, Chile,
Brazil, and Argentina. Business Clusters is a compulsory course for all KMBS MBA
programs. Additionally, the business school cooperates with authorities of the main
cities and regions of Ukraine to initiate clusters in Ukraine. The School represents
Ukraine in the TCI Network, a global network of more than 9,000 experts on cluster
development and regional competitiveness [15]. Kyiv Mohyla Business School, in
conjunction with the Cluster Navigators International Agency announced the first
national selection of managers to work on its Develop Ukraine program, aimed at
training the management elite in Ukraine. They have established «CLUST-UA»,
which is a Ukrainian cluster development agency [16], aimed to help Ukraine
become an important part of the global economy by improving the efficiency of
Ukrainian clusters. The agency is an NGO specialized in implementing cluster
initiatives, policies and innovations in Ukrainian economy by facilitating the process
of collaboration at the local, regional, national, and international levels, and by
fostering synergy actions between industries, investors, regulators, and civil society.
The Agency provides consultancy in several areas, such as: corporate governance
technologies for support of cluster efficiency and improvement of performance;
contemporary professional economic development solutions and techniques for
analysis, mediation, leadership, and management; sustainable approaches, based on
triple bottom-line efficiency principle; cluster identification, institutionalization,
life-cycle management, and collaboration. Through its services, the Agency is of-
fering to: link stakeholders to clusters through networking and partnership to pave
the way for matchmaking and shared developmental priorities; support cluster
policy’s participants and regulators’ with organizational services, expertise, and
trainings; help in cluster development strategy design and implementation; market
research and coordination of cluster participants’ joint marketing programs;
sup port Ukrainian clusters cooperation with partners from abroad; assist in
communication and organization support in accessing funding opportunities for
Ukrainian Cluster initiatives and projects; train Cluster initiative participants and
assess their relevant competences; support Ukrainian clusters’ participation in in-
ternational exhibitions and conferences; give an expert assessment of Ukrainian
cluster projects, programs, and initiatives.
Creation and development of clusters in Ukraine. The first attempts to create
clusters were made in the mid-1990s in the Podillia economic region (Western
Ukraine). The first official cluster «Podillia Pershiy» was set up in Ukraine in
1998 in the Khmelnytsky region. The idea of creating this cluster with multiple
specializations (in clothing, building materials and agro sectors) was supported by
the Khmelnytsky oblast administration (regional authorities). Because the region
had not sufficiently developed industrial potential and had limited opportunities
for investment, the core cluster was made from predominantly small and medium
40 ISSN 0374-3896. Science and Science of Science. 2017. № 4 (98)
К.S. Shakhbazyan, H.P. Dubinskyi, I.Yu. Yegorov
enterprises with different ownership structures. It was aimed at the promotion
of regional production and the export of highly competitive products through
the involvement of all cluster’s internal resources. It was crucial that the cluster
had assistance of the regional administration, scientific and educational centers,
financial and banking institutions of the region. The USAid has provided substantial
financial support for the initiative. The cluster has included 24 companies and
research and educational organizations, which provided expertise. However, after
the termination of the aid program from the American donor and use to economic
problems, the activity of the cluster (and its visibility) has declined [17]. In 2012—
2015 most of the regional public administrations proposed special programs of
economic and social development for the period 2013—2020. These programs
included recommendations, related to the creation and development of innovative
industrial clusters. The implementation of the programs (or strategies) included the
development and implementation of action plans, and the creation of appropriate
institutions and mechanisms for setting up clusters in the corresponding regions.
However, these initiatives have weak financial and organizational support, which
creates barriers for cluster development. According to researches, about 50 clusters
were functioning in different regions and industries of Ukraine in the period 2012–
2014, including:
• Vinnytsia region: Vinnitsa food processing cluster;
• Volyn region, forest and tourist-recreational clusters;
• Dnipropetrovsk (Dneeper) region: national innovation cluster «New cars»;
• Donetsk and Luhansk regions: national innovation cluster «New tech no-
logies of natural resources use»;
• Zhytomyr region: forest and recreational clusters;
• Transcarpathian region: transport and logistics cluster;
• Zaporozhye region: technological innovation cluster «AhroBUM», cluster
of honey industry «Bee knows no boundaries», food cluster “Buy Zaporozhye
products!”;
• Ivano-Frankivsk region, a cluster of souvenir production «Constellation»;
• Kiev region: national innovation cluster «Energy for sustainable deve-
lopment», national innovation cluster «Technology innovation society», national
innovation cluster «Innovation culture society», national innovation cluster
«New foods»;
• Lviv region: Lviv cluster of IT and business services;
• Odessa: cluster «Transit potential of Ukraine»;
• Poltava region: a regional cluster of environmentally friendly products;
• Rivne region: a cluster of wood;
• Sumy region: a regional cluster of environmentally friendly products, Sumy
building cluster;
• Ternopil region: innovation and investment cluster;
• Khar kiv region: Kharkiv industrial park «Technopolis», a cluster of al ter-
native energy and scientific-educational cluster, etc .;
ISSN 0374-3896. Наука та наукознавство. 2017. № 4 (98) 41
Evolution of innovation cluster policy in Ukraine
• Kherson region: transport and logistics cluster «Southgate of Ukraine»;
• Khmelnytsky region: rural tourism cluster, Khmelnitsky building & con-
structing cluster, Khmelnitsky sewing cluster; Kamenets tourist cluster.
Information about operation of Ukrainian clusters is fragmented and non-
transparent. Some of these clusters are ‘self-proclaimed’ and they have not de-
monstrated visible results in the past. However, a brief description of some clusters
is presented below.
The purpose of the cluster initiative in Transcarpathian region is the revival
of traditional crafts of Hutsul mountain districts. In 2000, the Regional Cluster
«Constellation» was created as the first structure in the sphere of tourism, production
of souvenirs and wool products.
Forming a timber cluster in Rivne region was carried out within the project
«Development of entrepreneurship in northern Rivne region».
In town Rokitne (near Rivne, Volyn region) there is successfully operating wood
cluster «Polesie of Rokytne region», created on November 14, 2003. The structure
of the cluster includes four companies and 4 private entrepreneurs with small
production facilities; 2 cooperatives — agricultural service cooperative «Sukivskyy»,
Forestry Cooperative «Peasant forest». Overall, the tourism industry is one of the
most promising for clustering, because almost every region in Ukraine has unique
tourist potential, which can be effectively used, — applying the cluster model — to
facilitate the development of its related structural elements – production of goods
of daily use, rural tourism , trade, transport, communications and other services.
The cluster of transport and tourism «Southgate Ukraine» was created in
the Kherson region in Southern Ukraine. This project was part of the Kherson
Oblast Development Strategy till 2015. In 2005, the cluster «Southgate Ukraine»
was registered as an association of enterprises (it included 3 commercial sea
ports, ports, 5 shipment companies and other organizations). Now it consists of
106 companies of the transportation sector, tourism and resort and recreational
complex, advertising and information enterprises, publishing houses, construction
companies, local authorities and NGOs.
A special development in the Khmelnitsky region has concerned touristic
clusters, aimed at using and promoting local natural resources. Specific attention
was paid to the unique cultural heritage of the region, and a cluster of agro-
eco-tourism «Oberih» was formed, based on the utilization of high potential of
recreational, historical and cultural resources of this territory.
It is important to mention that only a small number of clusters can be associated
with the high tech sector in Ukraine. One of them is the ICT cluster in the Lviv
region. It is formed on the basis of several local companies and universities. At
the end of 2015, it comprised 25 companies and more than 7000 employees [18].
This cluster has a special managerial department, which consists of 8 persons,
who provide different services for the cluster members, including legal support,
marketing research, information about possible contracts and so on. The cluster
has its representative office in neighboring Poland.
42 ISSN 0374-3896. Science and Science of Science. 2017. № 4 (98)
К.S. Shakhbazyan, H.P. Dubinskyi, I.Yu. Yegorov
The ICT cluster partners cooperate in the following areas:
• Promotion:
The Lviv IT Cluster is a partner and organiser of several events. Amongst others,
it organises the «Lviv IT Arena» which gathers 1,000 participants and 100 speakers,
making it one of the largest IT conferences in Ukraine. Furthermore, as part of the
Lviv IT Tour, a roadshow with conferences in Kyiv, Vinnytsia, Dnipropetrovsk,
Kharkiv and Odessa has been carried out. Members benefit from the promotion
and loyalty program of the «Lviv IT Club», which is supported by 200 partners and
offers discounts on accommodation, traveling, flight tickets and other services.
• Education:
Every year, the Lviv IT Cluster supports an IT Competition in Lvian schools
in collaboration with Lviv City Council and the Lviv Polytechnic. The project
«IT Expert» aims at modernizing the curriculum of programs at Lviv Universities.
Together with Lviv Business School, a new master program in technology ma-
nagement has been developed. Furthermore, cluster members benefit from a uni-
que database of Lviv IT School graduates.
• Infrastructure:
The cluster develops innovative housing projects, such as the IT House,
offering 72 apartments, an underground parking and a roof terrace to be completed
in 2017.
• Business development:
The Lviv IT Cluster has a representative office in Poland which helps member
companies open offices in EU countries and provides visa support. There is a law
committee within the cluster. It provides assistance to member companies in legal
matters and develops recommendations on current legislative and regulative issues
in Ukraine. Furthermore, the cluster provides market related information. For
example, one report was done on the Lviv IT market and industry. The cluster is
organized in the legal form of an association. The cluster management has currently
eight employees, and is financed by membership fees and paid services.
The ICT cluster is a good example of a successful IT cluster in Ukraine. More
IT clusters could be created in other Ukrainian regions, especially in Kyiv, Kharkiv,
Odesa, as the country has a substantial (and growing) number of IT specialists and
companies.
It is also possible to expect, that in the near future innovation clusters to be
created in the area of new materials, where Ukraine has traditions in production
and R&D. The overall objective of the initiative is creating new materials in such
areas, as transportation technologies, medicine and environmental protection by
the implementation of the results of systematic research and subsequent com-
mercialization through the public-private partnership mechanisms.
Conclusions. Ukraine has formed some clusters that operate successfully, but
the potential of cluster development is still not used in a full scale, especially
at the regional level [19]. Clusters are represented in different regions of Ukraine
and they vary in size, institutional forms and functions. The institutionalization
ISSN 0374-3896. Наука та наукознавство. 2017. № 4 (98) 43
Evolution of innovation cluster policy in Ukraine
of cluster development is an important prerequisite for successful clustering
in Ukraine. In many cases, the formation of cluster associations is a key factor
for the effective economic transformation of the region, helping develop highly
competitive products, acquiring new technologies and attracting investment. There
is a possibility to create cluster associations in different sectors of the regional
economy in such regions as Transcarpathia, Lviv, Kharkiv, etc. and even cross-
border clusters with partners from the EU countries. The creation of seve ral
international transport corridors, some passing through the territory of Ukraine,
(the Transcarpathian, Lugansk, Odessa, Kherson, etc.) should help Ukraine deve-
lop cross border clusters. Clusters could also appear in some new sectors. Despite
a growing interest in new forms of economic organization, including clusters, the
number of clusters in Ukraine grows slowly.
This is due to several factors:
• Lack of national legislation, with institutions supporting cluster activities.
There is no legal definition of «cluster» in Ukraine. It would be useful, if the go ver-
nment will adopt the concept of cluster policy at local, regional and national levels.
• Lack of sufficient information on establishing and the functioning of existing
clusters in Ukraine.
• Unwillingness of SMEs to pool resources within larger production or ga-
nization, including formal clusters.
• Poor experience of existing clusters in Ukraine in establishing co-operation
between the cluster participants.
• Relatively low attractiveness of the country and its regions for potential
foreign investors due to economic problems and unresolved military conflict in the
East of the country.
• Misunderstanding of the importance of educational and training programs
for the potential cluster participants.
The country should initiate a pilot program, which will help to identify
several clusters with high potential. These clusters could receive organizational
and financial support both from internal and external sources with the guarantees
of the government. Such program could be implemented with the assistance of
international and domestic experts.
It should be emphasized that the Ukrainian economy could benefit not only
from ‘domestic’, but also from cross-border clusters. The latter could contribute
to the development of international cooperation between Ukraine and bordering
regions, especially with the EU states.
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Received 19.09.2017
ISSN 0374-3896. Наука та наукознавство. 2017. № 4 (98) 45
Evolution of innovation cluster policy in Ukraine
К.С. Шахбазян, кандидат юридичних наук,
старший науковий співробітник, Президія НАН України,
e-mail: shahbazjan@nas.gov.ua
Г.П. Дубінський, радник віце-президента НАН України,
e-mail: inco.ncp.ukraine@gmail.com
І.Ю. Єгоров, доктор економічних наук, професор,
завідувач відділу ДУ «Інститут економіки та прогнозування» НАН України,
e-mail: igor_yegorov1@ukr.net
ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ПОЛІТИКИ ЩОДО ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ КЛАСТЕРІВ В УКРАЇНІ
У статті розглянуто основні етапи еволюції політики щодо створення та підтримки
інноваційних кластерів в Україні, проаналізовано основні ініціативи держави щодо
стимулювання кластерів. Спеціальну увагу приділено становленню конкретних клас-
терів та їх подальшому розвитку в умовах глибокої соціально-економічної кризи. По-
казано, що інноваційні кластери ще не набули поширення в Україні внаслідок низки
причин, які аналізуються у статті. Розроблено рекомендації щодо заходів з державної
підтримки інноваційних кластерів у контексті євроїнтеграційних процесів, зокрема
підкреслено роль наукових центрів, які можуть стати основою таких кластерів.
Ключові слова: інноваційна політика, кластери, законодавча база, євроінтеграція, транс-
гранична співпраця.
К.С. Шахбазян, кандидат юридических наук,
старший научный сотрудник, Президиум НАН Украины,
e-mail: shahbazjan@nas.gov.ua
Г.П. Дубинский, советник вице-президента НАН Украины,
e-mail: inco.ncp.ukraine@gmail.com
И.Ю. Егоров, доктор экономических наук, профессор,
заведующий отделом ГУ «Институт экономики и прогнозирования» НАН Украины,
e-mail: igor_yegorov1@ukr.net
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ПОЛИТИКИ В ОТНОШЕНИИ
ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ КЛАСТЕРОВ В УКРАИНЕ
В статье рассмотрены основные этапы эволюции политики по созданию и поддерж-
ке инновационных кластеров в Украине, проанализированы основные инициативы
государства по стимулированию кластеров. Особое внимание уделено становлению
конкретных кластеров и их дальнейшему развитию в условиях глубокого социально-
экономического кризиса. Показано, что инновационные кластеры еще не получили
широкого распространения в Украине в результате ряда причин, которые анализиру-
ются в статье. Разработаны рекомендации по мерам государственной поддержки ин-
новационных кластеров в контексте евроинтеграционных процессов, в частности под-
черкнута роль научных центров, которые могут стать основой таких кластеров.
Ключевые слова: инновационная политика, кластеры, законодательная база, евроинте-
грация, трансграничное сотрудничество.
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