The results of magnetic separation use in ore processing of metalliferous raw basalt of Volyn region
Purpose. To determine the effectiveness of the electric field use in ore processing for extraction of native copper concentrate from raw basalt, to identify the most technologically advanced grain-size classes of the feed stock. To define the nature of the relationship between the amount of recovera...
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УкрНДМІ НАН України, Інститут геотехнічної механіки НАН України
2016
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irk-123456789-1335422018-06-02T03:03:43Z The results of magnetic separation use in ore processing of metalliferous raw basalt of Volyn region Malanchuk, E. Malanchuk, Z. Korniienko, V. Gromachenko, S. Purpose. To determine the effectiveness of the electric field use in ore processing for extraction of native copper concentrate from raw basalt, to identify the most technologically advanced grain-size classes of the feed stock. To define the nature of the relationship between the amount of recoverable concentrate and the main dominant factors – separator field density and the coarseness of the prepared raw material. Methods. We used the substantiated physical and chemical methods of elemental, mineral, fractional, particle size distribution analysis of the basalt rock mass under processing, methods of laboratory, semi-industrial and industrial research into crushing, grinding, classification, and electromagnetic separation processes at the stages of ore preparation of raw materials for the production of metalliferous industrial products. The methods of statistical modeling and experimental results regression analysis have been applied. Findings. The preferred grain-size classes in the process of ore preparation and classification of basalt rock components for electrostatic separation were determined. The dependences of copper concentrate production from basalt, tuff and lava-breccia on the electrostatic field density while changing grain-size classes in the initial product were worked out. The regression dependences of the copper concentrate output on various relationships between grain-size classes in the initial material and the electric field density were obtained. Originality. The content of native copper in basalt, lava breccia and tuff was established and the preferred grain-size classes in the process of ore preparation were identified. It is for the first time that the magnetic susceptibility of all three components of basalt raw material was determined, and the influence of the magnetic field on the output of titano-magnetite concentrate was shown as well as the rational grain size of ore preparation was detrmined. The dependences of the copper concentrate output have been established and the efficien cy of the electrical separation in complex processing of basalt raw material has been proved. Цель. Определение эффективности использования электрического поля в процессе рудоподготовки для выделения концентрата самородной меди из базальтового сырья, установление наиболее технологичных классов крупности перерабатываемого сырья и характера зависимости количества извлекаемого концентрата от основных доминирующих факторов – напряженности поля сепаратора и крупности подготовленного сырья. Методика. В работе использованы апробированные физические и химические методы анализа элементного, минерального, фракционного, гранулометрического состава перерабатываемой базальтовой горной массы, методы лабораторных, полупромышленных и промышленных исследований процессов дробления, измельчения, классификации, электромагнитной сепарации на этапах рудоподготовки сырья к получению металлосодержащих промпродуктов. Применены методы статистического моделирования и регрессионного анализа результатов экспериментальных исследований. Результаты. Установлены предпочтительные классы крупности в процессе рудоподготовки и классификации составляющих базальтовой горной массы к электросепарации. Установлены зависимости выхода медного концентрата для базальта, туфа и лавобрекчии от напряженности электрического поля при варьировании содержанием разных классов крупности в исходном продукте. Получены регрессионные зависимости выхода медного концентрата от различных соотношений между классами крупности в исходном продукте и от напряженности электрического поля. Научная новизна. Установлено процентное содержание самородной меди в базальте, лавобрекчии и туфе, а также показаны предпочтительные классы крупности в процессе рудоподготовки. Впервые установлена магнитная восприимчивость всех трех составляющих базальтового сырья, показано влияние величины магнитного поля на выход концентрата титаномагнетита и определена рациональная крупность рудоподготовки. Впервые установлены зависимости выхода медного концентрата и показана эффективность использования операции электрической сепарации при комплексной переработке базальтового сырья. Практическая значимость. Полученные результаты исследований указывают на целесообразность комплексной переработки базальтового сырья, и на этой основе разработан способ его переработки. Мета. Визначення ефективності використання електричного поля у процесі рудопідготовки для виділення концентрату самородної міді з базальтової сировини, встановлення найбільш технологічних класів крупності перероблюваної сировини й характеру залежності кількості добутого концентрату від основних домінуючих факторів – напруженості поля сепаратора та крупності підготовленої сировини. Методика. У роботі використані апробовані фізичні та хімічні методи аналізу елементного, мінерального, фракційного, гранулометричного складу переробки базальтової гірської маси, методи лабораторних, напівпромислових і промислових досліджень процесів дроблення, подрібнення, класифікації, електромагнітної сепарації на етапах рудопідготовки сировини до отримання металовмісних промпродуктів. Застосовані методи статистичного моделювання і регресійного аналізу результатів експериментальних досліджень. Результати. Встановлено класи крупності у процесі рудопідготовки і класифікації складових базальтової гірської маси до електросепарації. Виявлено залежності виходу мідного концентрату для базальту, туфу та лавобрекчії від напруженості електричного поля при варіюванні вмістом різних класів крупності у вихідному продукті. Отримано регресійні залежності виходу мідного концентрату від різних співвідношень між класами крупності у вихідному продукті та від напруженості електричного поля. Наукова новизна. Встановлено процентний вміст самородної міді у базальті, лавобрекчії, туфі та показані кращі класи крупності у процесі рудопідготовки. Вперше визначена магнітна сприйнятливість всіх трьох складових базальтової сировини, показано вплив величини магнітного поля на вихід концентрату титаномагнетиту й визначена раціональна крупність рудопідготовки. Вперше встановлено залежності виходу мідного концентрату й показана ефективність використання операції електричної сепарації при комплексній переробці базальтової сировини. Практична значимість. Отримані результати досліджень вказують на доцільність комплексної переробки базальтової сировини, і на цій основі розроблений спосіб її переробки 2016 Article The results of magnetic separation use in ore processing of metalliferous raw basalt of Volyn region / E. Malanchuk, Z. Malanchuk, V. Korniienko, S. Gromachenko // Розробка родовищ: Зб. наук. пр. — 2016. — Т. 10, вип. 3. — С. 77-83. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. 2415-3435 DOI: dx.doi.org/10.15407/mining10.03.077 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/133542 622.278-6 en Розробка родовищ УкрНДМІ НАН України, Інститут геотехнічної механіки НАН України |
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Purpose. To determine the effectiveness of the electric field use in ore processing for extraction of native copper concentrate from raw basalt, to identify the most technologically advanced grain-size classes of the feed stock. To define the nature of the relationship between the amount of recoverable concentrate and the main dominant factors – separator field density and the coarseness of the prepared raw material. Methods. We used the substantiated physical and chemical methods of elemental, mineral, fractional, particle size distribution analysis of the basalt rock mass under processing, methods of laboratory, semi-industrial and industrial research into crushing, grinding, classification, and electromagnetic separation processes at the stages of ore preparation of raw materials for the production of metalliferous industrial products. The methods of statistical modeling and experimental results regression analysis have been applied. Findings. The preferred grain-size classes in the process of ore preparation and classification of basalt rock components for electrostatic separation were determined. The dependences of copper concentrate production from basalt, tuff and lava-breccia on the electrostatic field density while changing grain-size classes in the initial product were worked out. The regression dependences of the copper concentrate output on various relationships between grain-size classes in the initial material and the electric field density were obtained. Originality. The content of native copper in basalt, lava breccia and tuff was established and the preferred grain-size classes in the process of ore preparation were identified. It is for the first time that the magnetic susceptibility of all three components of basalt raw material was determined, and the influence of the magnetic field on the output of titano-magnetite concentrate was shown as well as the rational grain size of ore preparation was detrmined. The dependences of the copper concentrate output have been established and the efficien cy of the electrical separation in complex processing of basalt raw material has been proved. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Malanchuk, E. Malanchuk, Z. Korniienko, V. Gromachenko, S. |
| spellingShingle |
Malanchuk, E. Malanchuk, Z. Korniienko, V. Gromachenko, S. The results of magnetic separation use in ore processing of metalliferous raw basalt of Volyn region Розробка родовищ |
| author_facet |
Malanchuk, E. Malanchuk, Z. Korniienko, V. Gromachenko, S. |
| author_sort |
Malanchuk, E. |
| title |
The results of magnetic separation use in ore processing of metalliferous raw basalt of Volyn region |
| title_short |
The results of magnetic separation use in ore processing of metalliferous raw basalt of Volyn region |
| title_full |
The results of magnetic separation use in ore processing of metalliferous raw basalt of Volyn region |
| title_fullStr |
The results of magnetic separation use in ore processing of metalliferous raw basalt of Volyn region |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The results of magnetic separation use in ore processing of metalliferous raw basalt of Volyn region |
| title_sort |
results of magnetic separation use in ore processing of metalliferous raw basalt of volyn region |
| publisher |
УкрНДМІ НАН України, Інститут геотехнічної механіки НАН України |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/133542 |
| citation_txt |
The results of magnetic separation use in ore processing of metalliferous raw basalt of Volyn region / E. Malanchuk, Z. Malanchuk, V. Korniienko, S. Gromachenko // Розробка родовищ: Зб. наук. пр. — 2016. — Т. 10, вип. 3. — С. 77-83. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
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Founded in
1900
National Mining
University
Mining of Mineral Deposits
ISSN 2415-3443 (Online) | ISSN 2415-3435 (Print)
Journal homepage http://mining.in.ua
Volume 10 (2016), Issue 3, pp. 77-83
77
UDC 622.278-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mining10.03.077
THE RESULTS OF MAGNETIC SEPARATION USE IN ORE PROCESSING
OF METALLIFEROUS RAW BASALT OF VOLYN REGION
Ye. Malanchuk1, Z. Malanchuk2, V. Korniienko2, S. Gromachenko2*
1Department of Automation, Electrical Engineering and Computer-Integrated Technologies, National University of Water Manage-
ment and Nature Resources Use, Rivne, Ukraine
2Department of Development of Deposits and Mining, National University of Water Management and Nature Resources Use, Rivne, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: e-mail s.y.gromachenko@nuwm.edu.ua, tel. +380986249656, fax: +380362223511
РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ
МАГНІТНОЇ СЕПАРАЦІЇ У ПРОЦЕСІ РУДОПІДГОТОВКИ
МЕТАЛОВМІСНОЇ БАЗАЛЬТОВОЇ СИРОВИНИ ВОЛИНІ
Є. Маланчук1, З. Маланчук2, В. Корнієнко2, С. Громаченко2*
1Кафедра автоматизації, електротехнічних та комп’ютерно-інтегрованих технологій, Національний університет водного
господарства та природокористування, Рівне, Україна
2Кафедра розробки родовищ та видобування корисних копалин, Національний університет водного господарства та приро-
докористування, Рівне, Україна
*Відповідальний автор: e-mail s.y.gromachenko@nuwm.edu.ua, тел. +380986249656, факс: +380362223511
ABSTRACT
Purpose. To determine the effectiveness of the electric field use in ore processing for extraction of native copper
concentrate from raw basalt, to identify the most technologically advanced grain-size classes of the feed stock. To
define the nature of the relationship between the amount of recoverable concentrate and the main dominant factors –
separator field density and the coarseness of the prepared raw material.
Methods. We used the substantiated physical and chemical methods of elemental, mineral, fractional, particle size
distribution analysis of the basalt rock mass under processing, methods of laboratory, semi-industrial and industrial
research into crushing, grinding, classification, and electromagnetic separation processes at the stages of ore prepara-
tion of raw materials for the production of metalliferous industrial products. The methods of statistical modeling and
experimental results regression analysis have been applied.
Findings. The preferred grain-size classes in the process of ore preparation and classification of basalt rock compo-
nents for electrostatic separation were determined. The dependences of copper concentrate production from basalt,
tuff and lava-breccia on the electrostatic field density while changing grain-size classes in the initial product were
worked out. The regression dependences of the copper concentrate output on various relationships between grain-size
classes in the initial material and the electric field density were obtained.
Originality. The content of native copper in basalt, lava breccia and tuff was established and the preferred grain-size
classes in the process of ore preparation were identified. It is for the first time that the magnetic susceptibility of all
three components of basalt raw material was determined, and the influence of the magnetic field on the output of
titano-magnetite concentrate was shown as well as the rational grain size of ore preparation was detrmined. The
dependences of the copper concentrate output have been established and the efficiency of the electrical separation in
complex processing of basalt raw material has been proved.
Practical implications. The obtained research results indicate the feasibility of complex processing of basalt raw
material, on the grounds of which the method of its treatment was developed.
Keywords: native copper, titano-magnetite, electrical separation, lava breccia, basalt, tuff
1. INTRODUCTION
Currently only basalt is used in quarry development,
mainly for the production of crushed stone. Associated
tuff and lava-breccia are present as moldboard rock mass,
which is stored as man-made deposit with a high content
of native copper, iron, titanium and other valuable metals
(Luca, 2012).
http://mining.in.ua/
http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mining10.03.077
mailto:s.y.gromachenko@nuwm.edu.ua
mailto:s.y.gromachenko@nuwm.edu.ua
Ye. Malanchuk, Z. Malanchuk, V. Korniienko, S. Gromachenko. (2016). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 10(3), 77-83
78
The research conducted has shown that basalt is a val-
uable mineral raw material that requires complex pro-
cessing to extract useful components in amounts that may
be of industrial interest and technologically extractable.
The presence of such impurities in the basalt body as
lava-breccia and tuff does not devalue the idea of com-
plex basalt processing, as these consistuents contain the
same beneficial components as basalt (Fiore, Scalici, Di
Bella, & Valenza, 2015), the main of those being native
copper and iron (titano-magnetite). Spectral analysis
showed that they contain oxides of copper, rare and valu-
able metals whose recovery requires advanced technolo-
gies (Zhang et al., 2013).
Analysis of the available information about the use of
magnetic separation in the loop processing of non-ferrous
rare metal ores and placer deposits, shows that first non-
ferrous metal is obtained, while iron concentrate is pro-
duced in the second place (Cervi, da Costa, & de Souza
Junior, 2014). The same approach was applied to investi-
gating magnetic separation of copper raw material from
the basalt quarry. The standard methods of ore prepara-
tion for magnetic separation of raw materials were used:
crushing, grinding, and screening. We studied the most
effective size classes for magnetic separation
(+0.63 ÷ 2.5 mm) and (+1.0 ÷ 0.63 mm).
The subject of the research was to determine the
extent of magnetic susceptibility of all the three compo-
nents of raw basalt from Rafalovskyi quarry – basalt, tuff
and lava-breccia. Preliminary studies of basalt deposits
indicated the presence of other metals with magnetic
properties that allow to use magnetic methods and the
corresponding equipment in their processing.
2. THE MAIN PART
2.1. Raw basalt magnetic separation
One of the research objectives was to learn the degree
of magnetic separators’ efficiency for extraction of cop-
per minerals into the tailings of magnetic separation and
to discover what grain-size class of the material corre-
sponds to the maximum copper extraction.
Thus the investigated issue concerned the use of
magnetic separation with the purpose of copper minerals’
concentration in the separation tailings. The problem of
magnetic separation application for its direct purpose –
production of iron concentrate – was not considered,
since it is secondary for our technology.
Preparation of samples for the research consisted in
their preliminary crushing and grinding to the class size
of less than 3 mm, in accordance with recommendations
for the dry magnetic separation of feebly magnetic ores
(Bulat, Nadutyy, & Malanchuk, 2010). The crushed rock
mass was classified into four size classes. Magnetic part
was defined in each class (in two or three levels), and
non-magnetic part was identified by weight and by per-
centage to the sample weight.
The studies were conducted in the laboratory on the
drum magnetic separator PBSU-0.5/0.2 during the pro-
cess of dry magnetic separation. Mineralogical analysis
was performed separately for magnetic and non-magnetic
portion of a sample. The content of native copper in each
subsample was assessed. Initial experimental data are
shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Mineralogical and particle size distribution analysis of Rafalovskyi quarry basalt samples
Grain-size
class, mm
Product
Mass,
g
Output, % Minerals’ content
Copper
content,
%
Output Extraction
2.5 + 1.6 — — — — — — —
Magnetic 2 66 75.86 Basalt – 96 – 97%. Native copper – 3 – 4% 3.50 16.620 0.5820
Non-
magnetic
21 21.14
Basalt – 85%. Native copper – 15%
(10% – exposed and in concretions – 5%)
13.00 5.290 0.6880
–1.6 + 0.8 Magnetic 1 19 17.43
Basalt – more than 99%. Native copper
in concretions – occasional grains.
Green copper – occasional grains.
Red copper - occasional grains
0.01 4.786 0.0004
Magnetic 2 51 46.79
Basalt – more than 99%. Native copper
in concretions – occasional grains.
Green copper – less than 1%
0.60 12.850 0.0770
Magnetic 3 17 15.60
Basalt – more than 99%. Native copper
in concretions – less than 1%
0.10 4.282 0.0040
Non-
magnetic
22 20.18
Basalt – 75 – 80%. Native copper 10 – 15%,
copper in concretions – 5 – 7%. Quartz – 5%.
Green copper in concretions 5 – 7%
15.00 5.542 0.8310
–0.8 + 0.25 Magnetic 1 5 4.31
Basalt –100%. Green copper – occasional
grains in concretions
0.01 1.259 0.0040
Magnetic 2 31 26.72 Basalt – 100% 0.00 7.809 0.0000
Non-
magnetic
80 68.97
Basalt – 94 – 96%. Quartz – 2 – 3%.
Native copper in concretions – 2 – 3%
1.50 20.150 0.3020
–0.25 Magnetic 1 8 9.41 Basalt – 100% 0.00 2.015 0.0000
Magnetic 2 22 25.88 Basalt – 100% 0.00 5.542 0.0000
Non-
magnetic
55 64.71 Basalt – 99 – 100%. Native copper – up to 1% 0.1390
Total 397 100.00 Copper content in basalt sample 2.624% 100.000 2.6240
Ye. Malanchuk, Z. Malanchuk, V. Korniienko, S. Gromachenko. (2016). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 10(3), 77-83
79
Thus, the research conducted on basalt, lava-breccia
and tuff of Rafalovskyi quarry have shown the feasibility
of further research into magnetic separation, as these
three most typical rocks have high magnetic susceptibil-
ity: basalt produces 55% of magnetic product, lava-
breccia – 33% and tuff – 54% (Bulat, Nadutyy, &
Malanchuk, 2010).
Basalt dry magnetic separation. Basalt sample was
subjected to crushing and sieving into 4 narrow classes
within the range of 2.5…–0.25 mm. Basalt has the
highest density among the three studied materials
2.6·10-3 kg/m3 (breccia – 1.8 kg/m3, tuff – 1.3 kg/m3).
Basalt crushing was performed so that the output of
each of the four classes was approximately the same –
about 20 – 30%.
2.2. Calculation results
During magnetic separation of basalt fine grained
fractions, we have established that for the top two coarse
grained classes there is a higher yield of the non-
magnetic fraction.
At the same time, the content of copper in the
non-magnetic fraction of big-size classes is very high:
13% and 15% (the last figure is the minimum condition
of the finished copper concentrate).
Analysis of copper extraction (from the initial con-
tent) confirmed that copper is mainly extracted from the
bigger size classes of –2.5 + 0.8 mm. The total recovery
from them constitutes 48.4 + 34.8 = 83.2%. The remain-
ing percentage of recovery is 11.5 + 5.3 = 16.8%, com-
prised by the small class of –0.8...–0.25 mm.
However, it is noteworthy that the biggest class of
–2.5 + 1.6 mm is not separated efficiently: the output of
tailing is small (output into non-magnetic fraction is
~ 5% against 16.62% into magnetic), copper extraction
into the two products differs only slightly (22% into
magnetic and 26% into non-magnetic product), i.e. cop-
per of the higher bigger size class is divided approxi-
mately equally between the magnetic and nonmagnetic
products (Bulat, Nadutyy, & Malanchuk, 2010).
For all fine grained classes (1.6 mm) there is another
trend: the extraction of copper into non-magnetic product
is consistently higher than into magnetic. That is, during
the basalt magnetic separation the feedstock coarseness
should not exceed 1.6 mm. Average results of basalt
magnetic separation are presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Basalt magnetic separation indicators
Grain-size
class,
mm
Output per-
centage from
input, %
Content
of Сu, %
Production
of Сu, %
Magnetic, % Non-magnetic, %
Output Content Production Output Content Production
–2.5 + 1.6 21.91 5.79 48.39 16.62 3.5000 22.20 5.29 13.00 26.21
–1.6 + 0.8 27.46 3.33 34.80 21.91 0.3700 3.10 5.54 15.00 31.68
–0.8 + 0.25 29.22 1.03 11.53 9.07 0.0014 0.00 20.15 1.50 11.52
–0.25 21.41 0.65 5.28 7.56 0.0000 0.00 13.85 1.00 5.28
Total 100.00 10.80 100.00 55.16 3.8714 25.30 44.83 3.05 74.69
Copper extraction analysis (from the initial content)
confirmed that copper is mainly contained in bigger size
classes of –2.5 + 0.8 mm. The total recovery from them
constitutes 48.4 + 34.8 = 83.2%.
Copper extraction into non-magnetic product, com-
pared with the magnetic one is steadily higher for fine
grained classes (–1.6 mm). This indicates that during
basalt magnetic separation the feedstock coarseness must
be less than 1.6 mm.
Dry magnetic separation of lava-breccia showed the
output of magnetic and non-magnetic fractions at
38.13% and 61.88%, respectively (Table 3). And, for all
fine grained classes, the amount of non-magnetic frac-
tion is consistently higher than that of the magnetic
product, the copper content in the nonmagnetic fraction
being not much higher than in the raw material (1.66%
versus 1.36%).
Both fractions – magnetic and nonmagnetic – were
very rich in copper (0.87 and 1.66%), which testifies to
the need for additional recleaning. This can be explained
by the presence of concretions.
Table 3. Parameters of lava-breccia dry magnetic separation
Grain-size
class,
mm
Output per-
centage from
input, %
Content
of Сu, %
Production
of Сu, %
Magnetic, % Non-magnetic, %
Output Content Production Output Content Production
–2.5 + 1.6 31.25 1.37 31.30 12.50 1.16 10.67 18.75 1.50 20.66
–1.6 + 0.25 52.81 0.89 34.50 20.63 0.24 3.65 32.19 1.30 30.80
–0.25 15.94 2.92 34.20 5.00 2.75 10.10 10.94 3.00 24.10
Total 100.00 5.18 100.00 38.13 4.15 24.42 61.88 5.80 75.56
In the sample of lava-breccia, the copper extraction
into non-magnetic fraction is higher than into magnetic
(75.6% versus 24.4%). Analysis of the results also indi-
cates the appropriateness of feedstock preparation with
grain size less than 1.6 mm.
Tuff magnetic separation identified the high content
of magneto-susceptible material by weight – 54%. Pa-
rameters of tuff dry magnetic separation are presented in
Table 4. The magnetic fraction is represented only by big
size classes of –2.5 + 0.1 mm. Classes of –0.1 mm of
feedstock and non-magnetic fractions have the highest
content of copper – near 0.77%.
Crushed tuff is effectively divided by magnetic sepa-
ration resulting in substandard copper concentrate.
According to chemical analysis, big size tuff classes –
2.5 + 0.25 mm – which are in the magnetic product,
contain 36 – 39% of iron.
Ye. Malanchuk, Z. Malanchuk, V. Korniienko, S. Gromachenko. (2016). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 10(3), 77-83
80
Table 4. Parameters of tuff dry magnetic separation
Grain-size
class,
mm
Output per-
centage from
input, %
Content
of Сu, %
Production
of Сu, %
Magnetic, % Non-magnetic, %
Output Content Production Output Content Production
–2.5 + 0.63 36.1 0.31 21.01 29.94 0.29 16.38 6.14 0.40 4.63
–0.63 + 0.1 22.7 0.45 19.26 19.09 0.42 15.13 3.65 0.60 4.13
–0.1 41.2 0.77 59.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.18 0.77 59.8
Total 100 1.53 100.01 49.03 0.71 31.51 50.97 0.71 68.6
The results obtained allowed to determine the
standard equipment size: for the feedstock size of
–2.5 + 0.1 mm it is recommended to use magnetic sepa-
rators of PBS type, and for finer grade – electromagnetic
separators of EBC type is recommended.
The following investigation was aimed at studying the
influence of magnetic field influence on separation of tuff,
basalt and lava-breccia which is needed for substantiated
choice of magnetic separators type. Experiments were
conducted for two fine grade classes of each rock. The
magnetic field varied in the range 0.08 – 1.3 T (Table 5).
Table 5. Mass fraction of magnetic separation concentrate (10-3 kg) at different magnetic field density
Induction
Tuff Basalt Lava-breccia
–2.5 + 0.63 –0.63 + 0.1 –2.5 + 0.63 –0.63 + 0.1 –2.5 + 0.63 –0.63 + 0.1
T mm mm mm mm mm mm
0.08 63.2 30.5 73.6 29.0 51.3 21.0
0.16 59.5 37.0 76.4 35.5 60.5 26.2
0.30 51.7 37.7 68.0 40.5 64.4 31.6
0.44 49.7 31.9 63.5 38.5 68.5 36.4
0.58 44.8 32.5 60.5 30.4 63.1 28.5
1.30 6.2 5.8 10.6 7.6 20.2 12.9
Non-magnetic 56.4 33.4 29.4 18.5 36.2 21.4
Total 331.5 208.8 382.0 200.0 364.2 178.0
According to Table 5, the product output in percent
and the total output of concentrate were calculated. With
reliability of 0.95 the mean square error of class output
determination was in the confidence interval 0.5 – 1.2%.
To determine the relationship between the magnetic
concentrate output by grade classes, the standard method
of pair correlations was used. Using the Microsoft Office
Excel software, approximating dependences were built
and one approximating curve was chosen out of 6 possi-
ble, based on the conditions of the maximum likelihood
of approximation coefficient R2 and the presence of phys-
ical content in this dependence.
Fine grain size was set as the limit value of arithmetic
average, which is the most widespread approach. Indica-
tors of magnetic concentrate output for relatively big
2.5 + 0.63 mm and smaller size classes –0.63 + 0.1 mm
and graphical interpretation of the output relationships
versus induction field are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Magnetic product output distribution versus the magnetic field for basalt (1), tuff (2) and lava-breccia (3):
(a) –2.5 + 0.63 mm; (b) –0.63 + 0.1 mm
Ye. Malanchuk, Z. Malanchuk, V. Korniienko, S. Gromachenko. (2016). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 10(3), 77-83
81
The following correlation equations were worked out:
– for size class – 2.5 + 0.63 mm:
1 – basalt: 94.0,63.93ln6.28 2 RB ;
2 – tuff: 94.0,59.84ln08.25 2 RB ; (1)
3 – lava-breccia: 95.0,1.89ln95.29 2 RB ;
– for class –0.63 + 0.1 mm:
1 – basalt: 94.0,75.91ln28.30 2 RB ;
2 – tuff: 94.0,05.85ln32.27 2 RB ; (2)
3 – lava-breccia: 95.0,16.86ln15.30 2 RB .
It is clear from Figure 1 that with induction increase,
the coarser class, the greater dependencies variation. For
further analysis, the dependencies for two size classes
were built, separately for each rock material (see Fig-
ure 1). The analysis showed that the difference in the
outputs of the two fine classes is not significant, that is
why it is reasonable to analyze a bigger size class of
2.5 + 0.1 mm.
For the total class size –2.5 + 0.1 mm the correlation
dependencies of concentrate output versus the induction
field are as follows:
1 – basalt: 94.0,99.92ln8.29 2 RB ;
2 – tuff: 94.0,77.84ln94.25 2 RB ; (3)
3 – lava-breccia: 95.0,13.88ln02.30 2 RB .
As shown in Figure 2, all three rocks are character-
ized by relatively close dependencies of concentrate
output on induction. Thus, for low values of induction up
to 0.2 T (range of magnetic separators PBM, PBS type)
and for induction of 1.3 T (electromagnetic separators
ERS, EBC type) the average deviation of output is up to
10% of relationships, which is acceptable for practical
processes. This allows to build a generalized statistical
model suitable to describe the function of concentrate
output versus induction for a mixture of all three rocks
with the initial size of –2.5 + 0.1 mm ( Figure 3).
Figure 2. Size class –2.5...+0.1 mm output into concentrate versus magnetic field for: 1 – basalt; 2 – tuff; 3 – lava-breccia
With the high probability of approximation the gen-
eralized model of magnetic concentrate output versus
magnetic field has the following character:
947.0,629.88lg38.28 2 RB , (4)
where:
– concentrate output, %;
B – magnetic field (Т).
Figure 3. Generalized relationship of magnetic separation concentrate output versus magnetic field for tuff, basalt and lava-breccia
Ye. Malanchuk, Z. Malanchuk, V. Korniienko, S. Gromachenko. (2016). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 10(3), 77-83
82
If all three rocks with grain size –2.5 + 0.1 mm will
be subjected to magnetic separation together, the concen-
trate output can be evaluated via the generalized model
using equation (4). The dependencies (1) – (3), shown in
Figures 1 and 2 can be used for more detailed analysis.
Here the following question arises: how can copper
get into the magnetic fraction (especially in coarse
grained classes), if all the copper minerals are non-
magnetic? There are two reasons for this. The first
explanation suggests that though mineralogy clearly
shows that the deposit field is rich in native and oxi-
dized (not sulfide) copper (Table 1), the basalt raw
material still contains copper sulfide, i.e. chalcopyrite,
and more importantly, typically associated with chalco-
pyrite – pyrite and pyrrhotine. While pyrite and chalco-
pyrite (copper pyrite, CuFeS2) are non-magnetic, pyr-
rhotine FeS2 is a strongly magnetic mineral. It is pyr-
rhotine that is extracted during separation, and copper
minerals are extracted with it in the form of concretions
(Tabosa & Rubio, 2010).
The second reason for copper extraction into mag-
netic coarse grained concentrate is that the concretions
of copper are extracted with native iron, magnetite,
titano-magnetite and copper iron sulfides, for example,
bornite Cu3FeS2. Mineralogical analysis identified the
presence of all these minerals in Rafalovskyi quarry
rocks. Thus the high yield of magnetic fraction with the
separation is linked with them.
The main conclusions on basalt magnetic separation
consist in the following: firstly, if the feedstock size is
–2.5 + 0 mm, there is a high yield of the magnetic frac-
tion –55 (16%), and secondly, the amount of copper in
the tailing increases 1.7 times as compared with the ini-
tial copper content (from 2.6 to 4.4%). However, both
obtained products are saleable in terms of copper content,
which testifies to the insufficient copper minerals’ expo-
sure in the input and the need to reduce grain size.
To improve copper extraction into magnetic separa-
tion tailings the achieved rate of copper increment
(1.7 times) can be increased (up to 2 – 3 times). This
can be done if feedstock size is reduced, or at least the
coarse grained class is removed from the input, that is
basalt should be crushed to 1.6 mm size. At the same
time, fine grinding improves the quality of magnetic
product in iron content; since, as we know from ore
mining and dressing plants (OMDP) experience, iron
minerals’ exposure is achieved after very fine grinding –
up to 95% of the class – 0.05 mm.
3. CONCLUSIONS
The magnetic susceptibility of all the three compo-
nents of basalt raw material – tuff, basalt and lava-
breccia – was established experimentally. This fact testi-
fies to the appropriateness of including magnetic separa-
tion operation to separate titano-magnetite of the ground
mass into the technological scheme of complex waste-
free processing of basalt raw material.
Dry magnetic classification of basalt, tuff and lava-
breccia by fine grained size classes indicated that, the most
promising in terms of output from the initial amount and
copper extraction in each size class (in %) are the follow-
ing classes: (1.6 + –2.5 mm), (–1.6 + 0.8 mm)
(0.8 + 0.25 mm) and (0.25 + 0.1 mm).
The results of the research into the magnetic suscep-
tibility of the raw material were generalized in the form
of experimental and regression dependences of tuff,
basalt and lava-breccia output versus separator magnetic
field. A generalized regression model of outputs for all
three components was developed.
REFERENCES
Bulat, A.F., Nadutyy, V.P., & Malanchuk, Z.R. (2010). Per-
spektivy kompleksnoy pererabotki bazal’tovogo syr’ya
Volyni. Heotekhnichna Mekhanika, (85), 3-7.
Cervi, E.C., da Costa, A.C.S., & de Souza Junior, I.G. (2014).
Magnetic Susceptibility and the Spatial Variability of
Heavy Metals in Soils Developed on Basalt. Journal of Ap-
plied Geophysics, (111), 377-383.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2014.10.024
Fiore, V., Scalici, T., Di Bella, G., & Valenza, A. (2015).
A Review on Basalt Fibre and its Composites. Composites
Part B: Engineering, (74), 74-94.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.12.034
Luca, C. (2012). Copper Alloys – Early Applications and Cur-
rent Performance – Enhancing Processes. InTech, Chapters
published March.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/1912
Tabosa, E., & Rubio, J. (2010). Flotation of Copper Sulphides
Assisted by High Intensity Conditioning (Hic) and Concen-
trate Recirculation. Minerals Engineering, 23(15), 1198-1206.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2010.08.004
Zhang, D., Zhou, T., Yuan, F., Fiorentini, M.L., Said, N., Lu, Y.,
& Pirajno, F. (2013). Geochemical and Isotopic Constraints
on the Genesis of the Jueluotage Native Copper Mineral-
ized Basalt, Eastern Tianshan, Northwest China. Journal of
Asian Earth Sciences, (73), 317-333.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.04.043
ABSTRACT (IN UKRAINIAN)
Мета. Визначення ефективності використання електричного поля у процесі рудопідготовки для виділення
концентрату самородної міді з базальтової сировини, встановлення найбільш технологічних класів крупності
перероблюваної сировини й характеру залежності кількості добутого концентрату від основних домінуючих
факторів – напруженості поля сепаратора та крупності підготовленої сировини.
Методика. У роботі використані апробовані фізичні та хімічні методи аналізу елементного, мінерального,
фракційного, гранулометричного складу переробки базальтової гірської маси, методи лабораторних, напівпро-
мислових і промислових досліджень процесів дроблення, подрібнення, класифікації, електромагнітної сепарації
на етапах рудопідготовки сировини до отримання металовмісних промпродуктів. Застосовані методи статисти-
чного моделювання і регресійного аналізу результатів експериментальних досліджень.
Результати. Встановлено класи крупності у процесі рудопідготовки і класифікації складових базальтової
гірської маси до електросепарації. Виявлено залежності виходу мідного концентрату для базальту, туфу та ла-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2014.10.024
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.12.034
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/1912
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2010.08.004
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.04.043
Ye. Malanchuk, Z. Malanchuk, V. Korniienko, S. Gromachenko. (2016). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 10(3), 77-83
83
вобрекчії від напруженості електричного поля при варіюванні вмістом різних класів крупності у вихідному
продукті. Отримано регресійні залежності виходу мідного концентрату від різних співвідношень між класами
крупності у вихідному продукті та від напруженості електричного поля.
Наукова новизна. Встановлено процентний вміст самородної міді у базальті, лавобрекчії, туфі та показані
кращі класи крупності у процесі рудопідготовки. Вперше визначена магнітна сприйнятливість всіх трьох скла-
дових базальтової сировини, показано вплив величини магнітного поля на вихід концентрату титаномагнетиту
й визначена раціональна крупність рудопідготовки. Вперше встановлено залежності виходу мідного концентра-
ту й показана ефективність використання операції електричної сепарації при комплексній переробці базальто-
вої сировини.
Практична значимість. Отримані результати досліджень вказують на доцільність комплексної переробки
базальтової сировини, і на цій основі розроблений спосіб її переробки.
Ключові слова: самородна мідь, титаномагнетит, електрична сепарація, лавобрекчія, базальт, туф
ABSTRACT (IN RUSSIAN)
Цель. Определение эффективности использования электрического поля в процессе рудоподготовки для вы-
деления концентрата самородной меди из базальтового сырья, установление наиболее технологичных классов
крупности перерабатываемого сырья и характера зависимости количества извлекаемого концентрата от основ-
ных доминирующих факторов – напряженности поля сепаратора и крупности подготовленного сырья.
Методика. В работе использованы апробированные физические и химические методы анализа элементного,
минерального, фракционного, гранулометрического состава перерабатываемой базальтовой горной массы, ме-
тоды лабораторных, полупромышленных и промышленных исследований процессов дробления, измельчения,
классификации, электромагнитной сепарации на этапах рудоподготовки сырья к получению металлосодержа-
щих промпродуктов. Применены методы статистического моделирования и регрессионного анализа результа-
тов экспериментальных исследований.
Результаты. Установлены предпочтительные классы крупности в процессе рудоподготовки и классифика-
ции составляющих базальтовой горной массы к электросепарации. Установлены зависимости выхода медного
концентрата для базальта, туфа и лавобрекчии от напряженности электрического поля при варьировании со-
держанием разных классов крупности в исходном продукте. Получены регрессионные зависимости выхода
медного концентрата от различных соотношений между классами крупности в исходном продукте и от напря-
женности электрического поля.
Научная новизна. Установлено процентное содержание самородной меди в базальте, лавобрекчии и туфе, а
также показаны предпочтительные классы крупности в процессе рудоподготовки. Впервые установлена маг-
нитная восприимчивость всех трех составляющих базальтового сырья, показано влияние величины магнитного
поля на выход концентрата титаномагнетита и определена рациональная крупность рудоподго-товки. Впервые
установлены зависимости выхода медного концентрата и показана эффективность использования операции
электрической сепарации при комплексной переработке базальтового сырья.
Практическая значимость. Полученные результаты исследований указывают на целесообразность ком-
плексной переработки базальтового сырья, и на этой основе разработан способ его переработки.
Ключевые слова: самородная медь, титаномагнетит, электрическая сепарация, лавобрекчия, базальт, туф
ARTICLE INFO
Received: 12 April 2016
Accepted: 25 August 2016
Available online: 30 September 2016
ABOUT AUTHORS
Yevhenii Маlаnchuk, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Automation, Electrical
Engineering and Computer-Integrated Technologies, National University of Water Management and Nature
Resources Use, 11 Soborna St, 1/126, 33028, Rivne, Ukraine. E-mail: malanchykez@mail.ru
Zinovii Маlаnchuk, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Development of Deposits and Mining,
National University of Water Management and Nature Resources Use, 11 Soborna St, 33028, Rivne, Ukraine.
E-mail: malanchykzr@ukr.net
Valerii Коrniienko, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Development of Deposits
and Mining, National University of Water Management and Nature Resources Use, 11 Soborna St, 33028, Rivne,
Ukraine. E-mail: kvja@mail.ru
Serhii Gromachenko, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Development of Depos-
its and Mining, National University of Water Management and Nature Resources Use, 11 Soborna St, 33028, Rivne,
Ukraine. E-mail: s.y.gromachenko@nuwm.edu.ua
mailto:malanchykez@mail.ru
mailto:malanchykzr@ukr.net
mailto:kvja@mail.ru
mailto:s.y.gromachenko@nuwm.edu.ua
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