Synthesis and optical properties of phosphate-borate-fluoride glasses doped with rare earth elements
Gespeichert in:
Datum: | 2010 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України
2010
|
Schriftenreihe: | Functional Materials |
Schlagworte: | |
Online Zugang: | http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/135173 |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
Zitieren: | Synthesis and optical properties of phosphate-borate-fluoride glasses doped with rare earth elements / K.N. Belikov, N.N. Grebenyuk, Ye.V. Grishina, N.L. Yegorova, Ye.A. Povrozin, S.N. Galkin // Functional Materials. — 2010. — Т. 17, № 2. — С. 262-265. — Бібліогр.: 14 назв. — англ. |
Institution
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraineid |
irk-123456789-135173 |
---|---|
record_format |
dspace |
spelling |
irk-123456789-1351732018-06-15T03:04:59Z Synthesis and optical properties of phosphate-borate-fluoride glasses doped with rare earth elements Belikov, K.N. Grebenyuk, N.N. Grishina, Ye.V. Yegorova, N.L. Povrozin, Ye.A. Galkin, S.N. Technology 2010 Article Synthesis and optical properties of phosphate-borate-fluoride glasses doped with rare earth elements / K.N. Belikov, N.N. Grebenyuk, Ye.V. Grishina, N.L. Yegorova, Ye.A. Povrozin, S.N. Galkin // Functional Materials. — 2010. — Т. 17, № 2. — С. 262-265. — Бібліогр.: 14 назв. — англ. 1027-5495 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/135173 en Functional Materials НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України |
institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
collection |
DSpace DC |
language |
English |
topic |
Technology Technology |
spellingShingle |
Technology Technology Belikov, K.N. Grebenyuk, N.N. Grishina, Ye.V. Yegorova, N.L. Povrozin, Ye.A. Galkin, S.N. Synthesis and optical properties of phosphate-borate-fluoride glasses doped with rare earth elements Functional Materials |
format |
Article |
author |
Belikov, K.N. Grebenyuk, N.N. Grishina, Ye.V. Yegorova, N.L. Povrozin, Ye.A. Galkin, S.N. |
author_facet |
Belikov, K.N. Grebenyuk, N.N. Grishina, Ye.V. Yegorova, N.L. Povrozin, Ye.A. Galkin, S.N. |
author_sort |
Belikov, K.N. |
title |
Synthesis and optical properties of phosphate-borate-fluoride glasses doped with rare earth elements |
title_short |
Synthesis and optical properties of phosphate-borate-fluoride glasses doped with rare earth elements |
title_full |
Synthesis and optical properties of phosphate-borate-fluoride glasses doped with rare earth elements |
title_fullStr |
Synthesis and optical properties of phosphate-borate-fluoride glasses doped with rare earth elements |
title_full_unstemmed |
Synthesis and optical properties of phosphate-borate-fluoride glasses doped with rare earth elements |
title_sort |
synthesis and optical properties of phosphate-borate-fluoride glasses doped with rare earth elements |
publisher |
НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України |
publishDate |
2010 |
topic_facet |
Technology |
url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/135173 |
citation_txt |
Synthesis and optical properties of phosphate-borate-fluoride glasses doped with rare earth elements / K.N. Belikov, N.N. Grebenyuk, Ye.V. Grishina, N.L. Yegorova, Ye.A. Povrozin, S.N. Galkin // Functional Materials. — 2010. — Т. 17, № 2. — С. 262-265. — Бібліогр.: 14 назв. — англ. |
series |
Functional Materials |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT belikovkn synthesisandopticalpropertiesofphosphateboratefluorideglassesdopedwithrareearthelements AT grebenyuknn synthesisandopticalpropertiesofphosphateboratefluorideglassesdopedwithrareearthelements AT grishinayev synthesisandopticalpropertiesofphosphateboratefluorideglassesdopedwithrareearthelements AT yegorovanl synthesisandopticalpropertiesofphosphateboratefluorideglassesdopedwithrareearthelements AT povrozinyea synthesisandopticalpropertiesofphosphateboratefluorideglassesdopedwithrareearthelements AT galkinsn synthesisandopticalpropertiesofphosphateboratefluorideglassesdopedwithrareearthelements |
first_indexed |
2025-07-09T21:10:37Z |
last_indexed |
2025-07-09T21:10:37Z |
_version_ |
1837205227270307840 |
fulltext |
6\QWKHVLV�DQG�RSWLFDO�SURSHUWLHVRI�SKRVSKDWH�ERUDWH�IOXRULGH�JODVVHVGRSHG�ZLWK�UDUH�HDUWK�HOHPHQWV
.�1�%HOLNRY��1�1�*UHEHQ\XN��<H�9�*ULVKLQD�1�/�<HJRURYD��<H�$�3RYUR]LQ��6�1�*DONLQ
6FLHQWLILF�DQG�7HFKQRORJLFDO�&RUSRUDWLRQ��,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV���
1DWLRQDO�$FDGHP\�RI�6FLHQFHV�RI�8NUDLQH��
���/HQLQ�$YH���������.KDUNLY��8NUDLQH
5HFHLYHG�6HSWHPEHU���������
$�PHWKRG� IRU�/L�2±3�2�±%�2�±&D)�±/Q� JODVVHV� �/Q� �&H��(U��(X��/X��1G��3U��*G� DQG7E��V\QWKHVLV� LV�SUHVHQWHG�DV�ZHOO�WKH�RSWLFDO�SURSHUWLHV�VWXG\�UHVXOWV�RI�WKH�JODVVHV��7KH
KRPRJHQHLW\�RI� WKH� HOHPHQWDO� FRPSRVLWLRQ�DQG�DEVHQFH�RI� VLJQLILFDQW�PHFKDQLFDO� VWUHVVHV
LQ�WKH�VDPSOHV�REWDLQHG�KDYH�EHHQ�GHPRQVWUDWHG��7KH�REWDLQHG�DEVRUSWLRQ�DQG�SKRWROXPL�
QHVFHQFH� VSHFWUD� RI� JODVVHV� V\QWKHVL]HG� KDYH� EHHQ� FRPSDUHG� ZLWK� OLWHUDWXUH� GDWD�� 7KH
GHSHQGHQFHV�RI�SKRWROXPLQHVFHQFH�LQWHQVLYLW\�RQ�&H��(X��DQG�3U�FRQFHQWUDWLRQV�KDYH�EHHQ
REWDLQHG�
�¯Ë�°�ÈmãËÓ©� ¯ËÏ�ã �È�©� ¯ÈϯȺ�}Ò� �˲Ӻãº�ÒÒ� ¹ºã��ËÓÒ«� Ò� Ò°°ãË�ºmÈÓÒ«� º¹�Ò�
�˰}Ò²�°mº®°�m�°�Ë}ºã�°º°�ÈmÈ�/L�2±3�2�±%�2�±&D)�±/Q����Ë�/Q� �&H��(U��(X��/X��1G��3U�*G�Ò�7E����¯º�ËäºÓ°�¯Ò¯ºmÈÓÈ�º�Óº¯º�Óº°� �ªãËäËÓ�Óº�º�°º°�ÈmÈ�Ò�º�°��°�mÒË�°��˰��
mËÓÓ©²�ä˲ÈÓÒ�˰}Ò²�Óȹ¯«ÎËÓÒ®�m�¹ºã��ËÓÓ©²�º¯ÈÏ�Ȳ��{©¹ºãÓËÓº�°¯ÈmÓËÓÒË�¹ºã��
�ËÓÓ©²��ÈÓÓ©²�º�¹ºãº°È²�¹º�ãº�ËÓÒ«�Ò�Áº�ºã
äÒÓ˰�ËÓ�ÒÒ�°�ÒäË
�ÒäÒ°«�m�ãÒ�˯È�
��¯Ë���ºã��ËÓ©�ÏÈmÒ°Ò亰�Ò�ÒÓ�ËÓ°ÒmÓº°�Ò�Áº�ºã
äÒÓ˰�ËÓ�ÒÒ�º��°º�˯ÎÈÓÒ«��˯ҫ�
Ëm¯º¹Ò«�Ò�¹¯ÈÏ˺�ÒäÈ�m�°�Ë}ãȲ�
���,QWURGXFWLRQ
7KH� JODVV�IRUPLQJ� PDWHULDOV� DUH� XVHG
ZLGHO\� LQ� PDQ\� ILHOGV� RI� VFLHQFH� DQG� HQJL�
QHHULQJ��7KRVH�DUH�D�SURVSHFWLYH�DOWHUQDWLYH
IRU� VLQJOH� FU\VWDOV� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� PDWHULDOV�
7KH�JODVVHV�VKRZ�QXPHURXV�DGYDQWDJHV�VXFK
DV� D� ORZ� V\QWKHVLV� FRVW� DQG�PDQXIDFWXULQJ
VLPSOLFLW\�RI�DUELWUDU\�VKDSHG�ODUJH�VL]H�DU�
WLFOHV��7KH� R[LGH�JODVVHV� DUH�SURPLVLQJ�PD�
WHULDOV� WR�SURYLGH� DQ� HIILFLHQW� OXPLQHVFHQFH
RI�UDUH�HDUWK�LRQV��'XH�WR�WKLV�IHDWXUH��WKH\
DUH�ZLGHO\�XVHG� LQ� LQIRUPDWLRQ�GLVSOD\� DQG
WUDQVIHU� WHFKQRORJLHV� �SODVPD� GLVSOD\� SDQ�
HOV�� RSWLFDO� ILEHUV� DQG� DPSOLILHUV��� DV� ODVHU
PDWHULDOV�� LQ� UDGLDWLRQ� VSHFWURPHWU\� DQG
GRVLPHWU\�>��@�
*ODVVHV� GRSHG� ZLWK� KLJK� FRQFHQWUDWLRQV
RI� OLWKLXP��ERURQ��JDGROLQLXP�UHYHDO�DQ�HI�
IHFWLYH� OXPLQHVFHQFH��7KRVH� DUH�SURVSHFWLYH
PDWHULDOV� IRU� WKH� GHYHORSPHQW� RI� GHWHFWRUV
DV� ZHOO� DV� SKRWR�� DQG� WKHUPROXPLQHVFHQFH
GRVLPHWHUV� IRU� WKHUPDO�QHXWURQV� >��@��7KH
PXOWLFRPSRQHQW� SKRVSKDWH�ERUDWH�IOXRULGH
JODVVHV� DUH� YHU\� DWWUDFWLYH� IRU� WKHVH� SXU�
SRVHV��6XFK�JODVVHV�DUH�FKDUDFWHUL]HG�E\�ORZ
PHOWLQJ� WHPSHUDWXUH�� KLJK� VROYDELOLW\� RI
UDUH� HDUWK� FRPSRXQGV�� WUDQVSDUHQF\� DQG
PRLVWXUH�UHVLVWDQFH�
7KLV� ZRUN� LV� DLPHG� DW� GHYHORSPHQW� RI
SUHSDUDWLRQ�PHWKRG� IRU�QHZ�PDWHULDOV�ZLWK
KLJK� OXPLQHVFHQFH� HIILFLHQF\� ��PXOWLFRPSR�
QHQW� JODVVHV� RI� JHQHUDO� FRPSRVLWLRQ� /L�2±3�2�±%�2�±&D)�±5(� �5(� �&H��(U��(X�� /X�1G��3U�DQG�7E����
)XQFWLRQDO�0DWHULDOV�����1R��������� ��������67&��,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV�
��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV�������������
���([SHULPHQWDO�
7R�V\QWKHVL]H�WKH�JODVVHV��/L32���+�%2��&D)��� &H2��� (U�12�����+�2�� (X�2��/X�12�����+�2��1G&O���3U�2���*G�2���7E�2�ZHUH�XVHG��$OO�FKHPLFDOV�ZHUH�RI�H[WUD�SXUH
JUDGH�DQG�ZHUH�XVHG�ZLWKRXW�IXUWKHU�SXULIL�
FDWLRQ�� /L32�� ZDV� SUHSDUHG� E\� PHOWLQJ/L+�32��LQ�D�SODWLQXP�FUXFLEOH�DW�����&�IRU��� PLQ�� 7KH� FRPSRVLWLRQV� RI� V\QWKHVL]HG
JODVV\�PDWHULDOV� DUH�SUHVHQWHG� LQ� WKH�7DEOH
EHORZ�� 7KH� UHTXLUHG� DPRXQWV� RI� UHDJHQWV
ZHUH� FDOFXODWHG� IRU� SHU� ��� J� RI� WKH� LQLWLDO
PL[WXUH�
7KH�JODVV�VDPSOHV�ZHUH�SUHSDUHG�E\�PHOW�
LQJ�WKH�UHTXLUHG�DPRXQWV�RI�FRPSRXQGV�LQ�D
SODWLQXP� FUXFLEOH� DQG� DQQHDOLQJ� LQ� JODVV�
FDUERQ� FUXFLEOH� XVLQJ� D� 612/� ��������
PXIIOH�IXUQDFH��7KH�SODWLQXP�FUXFLEOH�ZLWK
WKH�IXVLRQ�PL[WXUH�ZDV�SODFHG� LQ�D�PXIIOHU
KHDWHG� WR� FD�� ����&�� 7KHQ� WKH� WHPSHUDWXUH
ZDV�UDLVHG�XS�WR���������&��GHSHQGLQJ�RQ
WKH� JODVV� FRPSRVLWLRQ�� DQG� WKH� PHOW� ZDV
KROG� DW� WKLV� WHPSHUDWXUH� IRU� ���PLQ� EHLQJ
PL[HG�HYHU\����PLQ�IRU�KRPRJHQL]DWLRQ��7R
SUHYHQW� WKH� JODVV� GHYLWULILFDWLRQ�� WKH� RE�
WDLQHG� KRPRJHQLRXV� PHOW� ZDV� SRXUHG� LQ� D
JODVV�FDUERQ� FUXFLEOH� KHDWHG� WR� ����&�� DQG
FRROHG�GRZQ�WR�URRP�WHPSHUDWXUH�VSRQWDQH�
RXVO\�� 7KH� JODVV� VDPSOHV� ZHUH� DQQHDOHG� DW
����&�GXULQJ���K�
7KH� HOHPHQWDO� FRPSRVLWLRQ� RI� REWDLQHG
JODVVHV� ZDV� FRQWUROOHG� XVLQJ� D� -HRO� -60�
����/9�VFDQQLQJ�PLFURVFRSH�ZLWK�;�UD\�GH�
WHFWRU� ,1&$� ���� �-HRO�� -DSDQ��� 7KH� JODVV
SKDVH�FRPSRVLWLRQ�ZDV�VWXGLHG�E\�WKH�;�UD\
VWUXFWXUH� DQDO\VLV� XVLQJ� D� 6LHPHQV� '���
SRZGHU� GLIIUDFWRPHWHU�� 7R� VWXG\� WKH� LQWHU�
QDO�VWUHVVHV��WKH�RSWLFDO�SRODUL]DWLRQ�PHWKRG
ZDV�XVHG��D�3.5�����XQLW���
7R�VWXG\�WKH�JODVV�RSWLFDO�SURSHUWLHV��WKH
VDPSOHV�ZHUH�FXW�DQG�SROLVKHG�ZLWK�$&0���
�� GLDPRQG� SRZGHU�� 7KH� VDPSOH� WKLFNQHVV
ZDV���PP��7KH�DEVRUSWLRQ�VSHFWUD�ZHUH�UH�
FRUGHG� EHWZHHQ� ���� DQG� �����QP�RQ� D� 6)�
����� VSHFWURSKRWRPHWHU� ��6SHNWU�� FRUSRUD�
WLRQ�� 6W�� 3HWHUVEXUJ��� 7KH� OXPLQHVFHQFH
VSHFWUD�RI�WKH�JODVVHV�ZHUH�UHFRUGHG�XVLQJ�D
9DULDQ�&DU\�(FO\SVH��86$��VSHFWURIOXRULPH�
WHU�DW����&�
���5HVXOWV�DQG�GLVFXVVLRQ
7KH� SDUDPHWHUV� WR� EH� RSWLPL]HG� DUH� WKH
V\QWKHVLV�WHPSHUDWXUH��WKH�GXUDWLRQ�RI�PHOW�
LQJ� DQG� WKH�PHOW�KRPRJHQL]DWLRQ� VWDJHV�� ,W
KDV�EHHQ�VKRZQ�WKDW�WKH�LQWLPDWH�PL[LQJ�RI
DOO� LQLWLDO� UHDJHQWV� ZDV� DWWDLQHG� DW� ���Ü
�����&�� GHSHQGLQJ� RQ� WKH� UDUH� HDUWK� HOH�
PHQW�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�LQ�WKH�PL[WXUH��7KH�V\Q�
WKHVLV� WHPSHUDWXUH� RI� ����&� DOORZV� WKH
PD[LPDO� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ� RI� ODQWKDQLGHV� LQ� D
JODVV�RI���ZW����WR�EH�DGGHG��,QFUHDVLQJ�WKH
V\QWKHVLV� WHPSHUDWXUH� XS� WR� �����&�� WKH
PD[LPDO� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ� RI� UDUH� HDUWK� HOH�
PHQWV� RI� �� ZW�� �� ZDV� UHDFKHG�� 7KH� WKRU�
RXJK�VWLUULQJ�RI�FRPSRXQGV�ZDV�FDUULHG�RXW
HYHU\� ��� PLQ� IRU� KRPRJHQL]DWLRQ�� ,Q� DOO
FDVHV�� WKH� PHOWLQJ� ZDV� FRQWLQXHG� GXULQJ
���PLQ�WKDW�ZDV�HQRXJK�WR�REWDLQ�D�YLVXDOO\
KRPRJHQHRXV�PHOW�
9DU\LQJ� WKH� LQLWLDO� WHPSHUDWXUH� RI� WKH
JODVV�FDUERQ� FUXFLEOH� ZKHUH� WKH� JODVV� LV
IRUPHG�� WKH� RSWLPDO� FRROLQJ� FRQGLWLRQ� IRU
WKH� IXVHG� PL[WXUH� KDV� EHHQ� GHWHUPLQHG�� ,W
KDV� EHHQ� IRXQG� WKDW� WR� SUHYHQW� WKH� JODVV
GHYLWULILFDWLRQ��WKH�IXVHG�PL[WXUH�VKRXOG�EH
SRXUHG�LQWR�WKH�FUXFLEOH�KHDWHG�XS�WR�����&�
7KHQ�WKH�IXVHG�PL[WXUH�LV�WR�EH�DOORZHG�WR�FRRO
VSRQWDQHRXVO\�GRZQ�WR�URRP�WHPSHUDWXUH�
7KH� KRPRJHQHLW\� RI� WKH� JODVV� FRPSRVL�
WLRQ� ZDV� YHULILHG� E\� WKH� �SRLQW�WR�SRLQW�
HOHPHQWDO� DQDO\VLV� XVLQJ� DQ� HOHFWURQ� VFDQ�
QLQJ�PLFURVFRSH��3HUIHFWLRQ�RI�WKH�REWDLQHG
JODVVHV�ZDV�PRQLWRUHG�E\�WKH�RSWLFDO�SRODUL�
]DWLRQ�PHWKRG�� ,W� KDV� EHHQ� VKRZQ� WKDW� WKH
V\QWKHVL]HG�JODVVHV�DUH�FKDUDFWHUL]HG�E\�ORZ
LQWHUQDO� VWUHVV� YDOXHV� �)LJ���� D��� 7KH� JODVV
DQQHDOLQJ� DW� ����&� UHVXOWV� LQ� D� GHWHULRUD�
)LJ����� 3KRWR� RI� JODVV� VDPSOH� �6HULHV� ��� LQ
SRODUL]HG�OLJKW��D��XQDQQHDOHG��E��DQQHDOHG�
7DEOH�� ,QLWLDO� PL[WXUHV� FRPSRVLWLRQ� IRU
V\QWKHVLV�RI�JODVVHV
6HULHV
1R�
3UHFXUVRU��PDVV����
/L32� +�%2� &D)� &H�
(X��3U
(U��/X�
1G��7E�
� ��� Ü Ü Ü Ü�
� �� �� Ü Ü Ü�
� �� �� Ü Ü Ü�
� �� �� �� Ü Ü�
� �� �� �� Ü Ü�
� �� �� �� � ��
� ��Ü���� �� �� ���Ü��� Ü
.�1�%HOLNRY�HW�DO����6\QWKHVLV�DQG�RSWLFDO�SURSHUWLHV����
)XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ���
WLRQ�RI� WKH�JODVV�SURSHUWLHV� �)LJ�����E���7KH
JODVV� VDPSOH� VWUXFWXUH� ZDV� VWXGLHG� E\� WKH
;�UD\� VWUXFWXUH� DQDO\VLV� WKDW� KDV� VKRZQ
WKDW�WKH�DQQHDOHG�JODVV�VDPSOHV�GR�QRW�FRQ�
WDLQ�DQ\�FU\VWDO�SKDVH�
7KH� DEVRUSWLRQ� VSHFWUD� RI� REWDLQHG
JODVVHV� �VHH� 7DEOH�� DUH� SUHVHQWHG� LQ� )LJ����
$OO� WKH� VSHFWUD� H[KLELW� D� ZLGH� EDQG� LQ� WKH
QHDU� 89� VSHFWUDO� UHJLRQ� ZLWK�PD[LPXP� DW
������� QP�� 7KDW� FDQ� EH� DVFULEHG� WR� WKH
LQWULQVLF� DEVRUSWLRQ� RI� SKRVSKDWH� PDWUL[
SUHGRPLQDQW� LQ� WKH� JODVVHV�� :KHQ� WKH
JODVVHV� FRQWDLQ� FDOFLXP� IOXRULGH�� D� KLJKHU
RSWLFDO� WUDQVPLVVLRQ� LQ� 89� UHJLRQ� ZDV� RE�
WDLQHG�� :KHQ� WKH� LQLWLDO� PL[WXUH� ZDV
IRUPHG�E\����ZW����RI�+�%2���WKH�REWDLQHGJODVVHV�UHYHDOHG�D�ODUJH�DPRXQW�RI�GLIIHUHQW
GHIHFWV�� ZKLFK� LPSDLU� WKH� JODVV� WUDQ�
VSDUHQFH�� 7KH� RSWLPDO� FRQWHQW� RI� +�%2�� IRUIXUWKHU� V\QWKHVLV� ZDV� IRXQG� WR� EH� RI� ��� ZW�
��
,Q�WKH�JODVVHV�GRSHG�ZLWK�UDUH�HDUWK�HOH�
PHQWV� �)LJ������ WKH� IROORZLQJ� DEVRUEDQFH
EDQGV� DUH� REVUHYHG� DJUHHLQJ� ZHOO� ZLWK� WKH
GDWD� >���@��&H�,,,���� ������� QP��3U�,,,�
Û����������������DQG�����QP��1G�,,,������Ü
����������������������������DQG�����QP�
(U�,,,��� ����� �������� ����� DQG� ���� QP�
(X�,,,�������QP��
7KH� OXPLQHVFHQFH� VSHFWUD� �6HULHV� ��� VHH
7DEOH��ZHUH�UHFRUGHG�LQ�VSHFWUDO�UDQJH�XS�WR
����� QP�� ,QWHQVH� OXPLQHVFHQFH� EDQGV�ZHUH
REWDLQHG� RQO\� IRU� JODVVHV� GRSHG� ZLWK� &H�
(X��DQG�3U� LRQV� �)LJ������7KH�SKRWROXPLQHV�
FHQFH� H[FLWDWLRQ� ZDYHOHQJWKV� ZHUH� GHWHU�
PLQHG�IURP�WKH�DEVRUSWLRQ�GDWD������QP�IRU
JODVVHV� GRSHG� ZLWK� &H�� ���� QP�� IRU� 3U
GRSHG� RQHV�� DQG� ���� QP�� IRU� WKRVH� GRSHG
ZLWK� (X�� 7KH� OXPLQHVFHQFH� EDQGV� RI� &H
GRSHG�JODVVHV��PD[LPXP�DW�����QP��DUH�DV�
VRFLDWHG� ZLWK� WKH� HOHFWURQ� WUDQVLWLRQ� IURP
�I� WR� �G� VKHOO� >����@�� ,Q� OXPLQHVFHQFH
VSHFWUD� RI�(X� GRSHG� JODVVHV�� WKH� EDQGV� DUH
ORFDWHG�DW���������������QP�DQG�DUH�FRQGL�
WLRQHG� E\� WUDQVLWLRQV� �'��o��)���������� LQ(X�,,,��>������@��7KH�OXPLQHVFHQFH�VSHFWUD�RI
JODVVHV� GRSHG� ZLWK� 3U� H[KLELW� WZR� LQWHQVH
EDQGV� WKDW� FRUUHVSRQG� WR� WKH� EDVLF� WUDQVL�
WLRQV��WKH�EDQG�DW�����QP���3��o��+��WUDQ�
)LJ����� $EVRUSWLRQ� VSHFWUD� RI� JODVVHV� �6HULHV
���� )LJ����� $EVRUSWLRQ� VSHFWUD� RI� JODVVHV� GRSHG
ZLWK�UDUH�HDUWK�HOHPHQWV��6HULHV��������&H�
���3U�����1G�����(P�����7E�����(U�����/X�
)LJ�����3KRWROXPLQHVFHQFH�VSHFWUD�RI�JODVVHV�GRSHG�ZLWK�&H��(X��3U��6HULHV����
.�1�%HOLNRY�HW�DO����6\QWKHVLV�DQG�RSWLFDO�SURSHUWLHV����
��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV�������������
VLWLRQ�� DQG� RQH� FHQWHUHG� DW� ���� QP
��3��o��+��WUDQVLWLRQ��>������@�7R�VWXG\�WKH� LQIOXHQFH�RI�UDUH�HDUWK�HOH�
PHQW�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RQ� WKH�PDLQ�SKRWROXPL�
QHVFHQFH� EDQG� LQWHQVLW\�� WKH� 6HULHV� �� VDP�
SOHV� �VHH� 7DEOH��ZHUH� XVHG�� 7KH� LQFUHDVH� RI
&H� LRQ� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ� FDXVHV� D� VLJQLILFDQW
GHFUHDVH� RI� OXPLQHVFHQFH� LQWHQVLW\� LQ� WKH
JODVVHV� �)LJ������ ,W� VHHPV� WR� EH� DVVRFLDWHG
ZLWK� WKH� HIIHFW� RI� OXPLQHVFHQFH� FRQFHQWUD�
WLRQ�TXHQFKLQJ��
���&RQFOXVLRQV�
$Q� HIILFLHQW� WHFKQLTXH� KDV� EHHQ� GHYHO�
RSHG�WR�REWDLQ�WKH�SKRVSKDWH�ERUDWH�IOXRULGH
JODVVHV�GRSHG�ZLWK�UDUH�HDUWK�HOHPHQWV��7KH
JODVV� VDPSOHV� SUHSDUHG� KDYH� KRPRJHQHRXV
HOHPHQWDO�FRPSRVLWLRQ�DQG�GR�QRW�UHYHDO�VLJ�
QLILFDQW� PHFKDQLFDO� VWUHVVHV�� 7KH� RSWLFDO
SURSHUWLHV�RI�JODVVHV�GRSHG�ZLWK�&H��(X��3U
KDYH�EHHQ�VWXGLHG�LQ�WKH�UHJLRQ�IURP�����WR
����� QP�� $OO� DEVRUSWLRQ� EDQGV� DUH� W\SLFDO
RI� WKH� WULYDOHQW� UDUH� HDUWK� HOHPHQWV�� )RU
JODVVHV� GRSHG�ZLWK�&H��(X�� DQG�3U�� WKH� LQ�
WHQVH� SKRWROXPLQHVFHQFH� EDQGV� KDYH� EHHQ
REWDLQHG�� 7KH� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ� TXHQFKLQJ� RI
OXPLQHVFHQFH� IRU� &H� GRSHG� JODVVHV� �EDQG
����QP��KDV�EHHQ�REVHUYHG��
$FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV�� :H� ZLVK� WR� WKDQN
3�9�0DWH\FKHQNR� IRU� DVVLVWDQFH� LQ� WKH
FKHPLFDO� FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ� RI� V\QWKHVL]HG
JODVVHV�
5HIHUHQFHV
� ���0�-�+ROPHV��)�3�3D\QH��'�0�6SLULW��(OHFWURQ�
/HWW�������������������
� ���:�-�0LQLVFDOFR��-��/LJKWZDYH�7HFKQRO���������
�������
� ���&�+RQQLQJHU�� )�0RULHU�*HQRXG�� 0�0RVHU� HW
DO���2SW��/HWW������������������
� ���0�1DIWDO\�� $�-KD�� -��$SSO��3K\V��� ���� ����
�������
� ���%�*�3RWWHU� -U��� .�6LPPRQV�3RWWHU�� 1XFO�
,QVWU���0HWK���3K\V��5HV��%���������������������
� ���0�,VKLL��<�.XZDQR��7�$VDL�HW�DO���1XFO��,QVWU�
DQG�0HWK��$������������������
� ���*�$�$SSOHE\D�� $�(GJDU�� *�9�0�:LOOLDPV� HW
DO���1XFO��,QVWU��0HWK��3K\V��5HV��$������������������
� ���6�0�+VX�� 6�+�<HK�� 0�6�/LQ� HW� DO��� 5DGLDW�
3URW��'RVLPHWU\������������������
� ���+�(EHQGRUII�+HLGHSULHP��'�(KUW��2SW��0DWHU��
������������
����.�%LQQHPDQV�� 5�9DQ� 'HXQ�� &�*RUOOHU�:DOUDQG
HW�DO���-��1RQ�&U\VW��6ROLGV�����������������
����6�%DFFDUR��5�'DOO�,JQD��3�)DEHQL�HW�DO���-��/X�
PLQHVFHQFH�������������������
����/�+XDQJ�� ;�:DQJ�� +�/LQ� HW� DO��� -��$OOR\V
&RPS�������������������
����6�6XUHQGUD�%DEX��3�%DEX��&�.�-D\DVDQNDU�HW
DO���-��/XPLQFHQFH������������������
����/�5�0RRUWK\��7�6�5DR��.�-DQDUGKDQDP�HW�DO��
-��$OOR\V�&RPS������������������
vÒÓ�ËÏ��È�º¹�Ò�ÓL�mãȰ�Òmº°�LÁº°ÁÈ��º¯È��Á�º¯Ò�ÓÒ²�°�Ë}ºã�LÏ��ºÈm}ÈäÒ¯L�}L°ÓºÏËäËã ÓÒ²�ËãËäËÓ�Lm�
z�l�r¼ãL}ºm��l�l��¯ËËÓ
}��|�{��¯Ò�ÒÓÈ��s�����º¯ºmÈ���|��ºm¯ºÏLÓ��v�l��Èã}LÓ
sÈmË�ËÓº�¯ËÏ�ã �È�Ò�¯ºÏ¯º}Ò��˲Ӻãº�L��º�¯ÒäÈÓÓ«��È��º°ãL�ÎËÓÓ«�º¹�Ò�ÓÒ²�mãȰ�
�Òmº°�Ë®�°�Ë}ºã�°}ãÈ���/L�2±3�2�±%�2�±&D)�±/Q� ��Ë�/Q� �&H��(U��(X��/X��1G��3U��È�7E���¯º�ËäºÓ°�¯ºmÈÓº�º�Óº¯L�ÓL°� �ËãËäËÓ�Óº�º�°}ãÈ����È�mL�°��ÓL°� �L°�º�ÓÒ²�ä˲ÈÓL�ÓÒ²
Óȹ¯�ÎËÓ � m� º�¯ÒäÈÓÒ²� ϯÈÏ}Ȳ���¯ºmË�ËÓº� ¹º¯LmÓ«ÓÓ«� º�¯ÒäÈÓÒ²� �ÈÓÒ²��º�º� °ä��
¹º�ãÒÓÈÓÓ«� �È� Áº�ºã
äLÓ˰�ËÓ�L�� Ï� ÓÈmË�ËÓÒäÒ� �� ãL�˯È��¯L�� |�¯ÒäÈÓº� ÏÈãËÎÓº°�L
LÓ�ËÓ°ÒmÓº°�L�Áº�ºã
äLÓ˰�ËÓ�L��mL��mäL°����˯L
��¼m¯º¹L
��È�¹¯ÈÏ˺�Òä����°�Ë}ãȲ��
)LJ����� 7KH� SKRWROXPLQHVFHQFH� EDQGV� LQWHQ�
VLW\� GHSHQGHQFH� �UHODWLYH� XQLWV�� RQ� &H
�����QP���(X� �����QP��DQG�3U� �����QP��FRQ�
WHQW�LQ�WKH�JODVVHV��6HULHV����
.�1�%HOLNRY�HW�DO����6\QWKHVLV�DQG�RSWLFDO�SURSHUWLHV����
)XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ���
|