Resolving power of scintillation panels based on zinc selenide
This work presents some characteristics of experimental samples of flexible scintillation panels made on the basis of fine-powders of zinc selenide scintillator. The purpose of the work was to determine the resolving power of dispersed scintillation panels based on ZnSe(Te) and to clarify the field...
Збережено в:
Дата: | 2012 |
---|---|
Автори: | , , , , , |
Формат: | Стаття |
Мова: | English |
Опубліковано: |
НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України
2012
|
Назва видання: | Functional Materials |
Теми: | |
Онлайн доступ: | http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/135282 |
Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
Цитувати: | Resolving power of scintillation panels based on zinc selenide/ V. Litichevskyi, S. Galkin, O. Lalaiants, E. Voronkin, S. Mahota, I. Breslavskiy // Functional Materials. — 2012. — Т. 19, № 1. — С. 130-134. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraineid |
irk-123456789-135282 |
---|---|
record_format |
dspace |
spelling |
irk-123456789-1352822018-06-15T03:05:08Z Resolving power of scintillation panels based on zinc selenide Litichevskyi, V. Galkin, S. Lalaiants, O. Voronkin, E. Mahota, S. Breslavskiy, I. Devices and instruments This work presents some characteristics of experimental samples of flexible scintillation panels made on the basis of fine-powders of zinc selenide scintillator. The purpose of the work was to determine the resolving power of dispersed scintillation panels based on ZnSe(Te) and to clarify the field of their application in X-ray technique. In the course of studying the dependences of the resolving power of scintillation panels based on ZnSe(Te) on the powder particles size and thickness of the panels were discovered. The data on the dependences of the light output on the panel thickness and particle size of the scintillator in the samples in the thickness range of 0.1-1 mm are presented. X-ray images of different test objects obtained using scintillation panels based on zinc selenide are shown. Three ranges of the particles dispersion were investigated: the first — 25-40 µm, the second — 40-120 µm, and the third — 120-200 µm. It was revealed that the resolving power was 5, 3 and 2.5 lp/mm for the each range of dispersion. 2012 Article Resolving power of scintillation panels based on zinc selenide/ V. Litichevskyi, S. Galkin, O. Lalaiants, E. Voronkin, S. Mahota, I. Breslavskiy // Functional Materials. — 2012. — Т. 19, № 1. — С. 130-134. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. 1027-5495 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/135282 en Functional Materials НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України |
institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
collection |
DSpace DC |
language |
English |
topic |
Devices and instruments Devices and instruments |
spellingShingle |
Devices and instruments Devices and instruments Litichevskyi, V. Galkin, S. Lalaiants, O. Voronkin, E. Mahota, S. Breslavskiy, I. Resolving power of scintillation panels based on zinc selenide Functional Materials |
description |
This work presents some characteristics of experimental samples of flexible scintillation panels made on the basis of fine-powders of zinc selenide scintillator. The purpose of the work was to determine the resolving power of dispersed scintillation panels based on ZnSe(Te) and to clarify the field of their application in X-ray technique. In the course of studying the dependences of the resolving power of scintillation panels based on ZnSe(Te) on the powder particles size and thickness of the panels were discovered. The data on the dependences of the light output on the panel thickness and particle size of the scintillator in the samples in the thickness range of 0.1-1 mm are presented. X-ray images of different test objects obtained using scintillation panels based on zinc selenide are shown. Three ranges of the particles dispersion were investigated: the first — 25-40 µm, the second — 40-120 µm, and the third — 120-200 µm. It was revealed that the resolving power was 5, 3 and 2.5 lp/mm for the each range of dispersion. |
format |
Article |
author |
Litichevskyi, V. Galkin, S. Lalaiants, O. Voronkin, E. Mahota, S. Breslavskiy, I. |
author_facet |
Litichevskyi, V. Galkin, S. Lalaiants, O. Voronkin, E. Mahota, S. Breslavskiy, I. |
author_sort |
Litichevskyi, V. |
title |
Resolving power of scintillation panels based on zinc selenide |
title_short |
Resolving power of scintillation panels based on zinc selenide |
title_full |
Resolving power of scintillation panels based on zinc selenide |
title_fullStr |
Resolving power of scintillation panels based on zinc selenide |
title_full_unstemmed |
Resolving power of scintillation panels based on zinc selenide |
title_sort |
resolving power of scintillation panels based on zinc selenide |
publisher |
НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України |
publishDate |
2012 |
topic_facet |
Devices and instruments |
url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/135282 |
citation_txt |
Resolving power of scintillation panels based on zinc selenide/ V. Litichevskyi, S. Galkin, O. Lalaiants, E. Voronkin, S. Mahota, I. Breslavskiy // Functional Materials. — 2012. — Т. 19, № 1. — С. 130-134. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
series |
Functional Materials |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT litichevskyiv resolvingpowerofscintillationpanelsbasedonzincselenide AT galkins resolvingpowerofscintillationpanelsbasedonzincselenide AT lalaiantso resolvingpowerofscintillationpanelsbasedonzincselenide AT voronkine resolvingpowerofscintillationpanelsbasedonzincselenide AT mahotas resolvingpowerofscintillationpanelsbasedonzincselenide AT breslavskiyi resolvingpowerofscintillationpanelsbasedonzincselenide |
first_indexed |
2025-07-09T21:16:29Z |
last_indexed |
2025-07-09T21:16:29Z |
_version_ |
1837205596335505408 |
fulltext |
5HVROYLQJ�SRZHU�RI�VFLQWLOODWLRQ�SDQHOV�EDVHG�RQ�]LQF�VHOHQLGH
9�/LWLFKHYVN\L��6�*DONLQ��2�/DODLDQWV�(�9RURQNLQ��6�0DKRWD��,�%UHVODYVNL\
,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6FLQWLOODWLRQ�0DWHULDOV��67&��,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV��
1DWLRQDO�$FDGHP\�RI�6FLHQFHV�RI�8NUDLQH�����/HQLQ�$YH���������.KDUNLY�
8NUDLQH
5HFHLYHG�1RYHPEHU���������
7KLV�ZRUN� SUHVHQWV� VRPH� FKDUDFWHULVWLFV� RI� H[SHULPHQWDO� VDPSOHV� RI� IOH[LEOH� VFLQWLOOD�
WLRQ�SDQHOV�PDGH�RQ�WKH�EDVLV�RI�ILQH�SRZGHUV�RI�]LQF�VHOHQLGH�VFLQWLOODWRU��7KH�SXUSRVH�RI
WKH�ZRUN�ZDV�WR�GHWHUPLQH�WKH�UHVROYLQJ�SRZHU�RI�GLVSHUVHG�VFLQWLOODWLRQ�SDQHOV�EDVHG�RQ
=Q6H�7H��DQG�WR�FODULI\�WKH�ILHOG�RI�WKHLU�DSSOLFDWLRQ�LQ�;�UD\�WHFKQLTXH��,Q�WKH�FRXUVH�RI
VWXG\LQJ�WKH�GHSHQGHQFHV�RI�WKH�UHVROYLQJ�SRZHU�RI�VFLQWLOODWLRQ�SDQHOV�EDVHG�RQ�=Q6H�7H�
RQ�WKH�SRZGHU�SDUWLFOHV�VL]H�DQG�WKLFNQHVV�RI�WKH�SDQHOV�ZHUH�GLVFRYHUHG��7KH�GDWD�RQ�WKH
GHSHQGHQFHV�RI�WKH�OLJKW�RXWSXW�RQ�WKH�SDQHO�WKLFNQHVV�DQG�SDUWLFOH�VL]H�RI�WKH�VFLQWLOODWRU
LQ� WKH� VDPSOHV� LQ� WKH� WKLFNQHVV� UDQJH� RI� ����� PP� DUH� SUHVHQWHG�� ;�UD\� LPDJHV� RI
GLIIHUHQW�WHVW�REMHFWV�REWDLQHG�XVLQJ�VFLQWLOODWLRQ�SDQHOV�EDVHG�RQ�]LQF�VHOHQLGH�DUH�VKRZQ�
7KUHH� UDQJHV� RI� WKH� SDUWLFOHV� GLVSHUVLRQ� ZHUH� LQYHVWLJDWHG�� WKH� ILUVW�� ����� PP�� WKH
VHFRQG��������PP��DQG� WKH� WKLUG���������PP�� ,W�ZDV� UHYHDOHG� WKDW� WKH� UHVROYLQJ
SRZHU�ZDV������DQG�����OS�PP�IRU�WKH�HDFK�UDQJH�RI�GLVSHUVLRQ�
�¯Ë�°�ÈmãËÓ©�²È¯È}�˯Ұ�Ò}Ò�ª}°¹Ë¯ÒäËÓ�Èã Ó©²�º¯ÈÏ�ºm��Ò}Ò²�°�ÒÓ�Òãã«�ÒºÓ�
Ó©²� ¹ÈÓËãË®�� ÒÏ�º�ºmãËÓÓ©²� ÓÈ� º°ÓºmË� äËã}º�Ò°¹Ë¯°Ó©²� ¹º¯º�}ºm� °ËãËÓÒ�È� �ÒÓ}È�
jÏ��ËÓÈ� ÏÈmÒ°Ò亰� � ¹¯º°�¯ÈÓ°�mËÓÓº�º� ¯ÈϯË�ËÓÒ«� � °�ÒÓ�Òãã«�ÒºÓÓ©²� ¹ÈÓËãË®� ÓÈ
º°ÓºmË�=Q6H�7H��º��¯ÈÏä˯È��Ȱ�Ò��¹º¯º�}È�°�ÒÓ�Òãã«�º¯È�Ò��ºã�ÒÓ©�¹ÈÓËãË®���¯Ë��
°�ÈmãËÓ©� �ÈÓÓ©Ë� º� ÏÈmÒ°Ò亰�Ò� °mË�ºmº�º� m©²º�È� ¹ÈÓËãË®� º�� �ºã�ÒÓ©� Ò� ¯ÈÏä˯È
�Ȱ�Ò�� °�ÒÓ�Òãã«�º¯È� m� º¯ÈÏ�Ȳ�m��ÒȹÈϺÓË� �ºã�ÒÓ����Ü��ää���º}ÈÏÈÓ©�¯ËÓ��ËÓº�
�¯ÈÁÒ�˰}ÒË�°ÓÒä}Ò�¯ÈÏãÒ�Ó©²��˰��º�Ë}�ºm��¹ºã��ËÓÓ©Ë�°�¹ºäº�
�°�ÒÓ�Òãã«�ÒºÓ�
Ó©²�¹ÈÓËãË®�ÓÈ�º°ÓºmË�°ËãËÓÒ�È��ÒÓ}È��j°°ãË�ºmÈÓº��¯Ò��ÒȹÈϺÓÈ��Ò°¹Ë¯°Óº°�Ò��Ȱ�
�Ò���¹Ë¯m©®�Û���Ü���ä}ä��m�º¯º®�Û���Ü����ä}ä���¯Ë�Ò®�Û����Ü����ä}ä���°�ÈÓºmãË�
Óº�� ��º� ¹¯º°�ÈÓ°�mËÓÓºË� ¯ÈϯË�ËÓÒË� °º°�Èmã«Ë�� ��� ��� ���� ¹È¯� ãÒÓÒ®�ää� �ã«
°ºº�mË�°�m�
�Ò²� �ÒȹÈϺӺm�� |¹¯Ë�ËãËÓº� ¹¯º°�¯ÈÓ°�mËÓÓºË� ¯ÈϯË�ËÓÒË� �Ò°¹Ë¯°Ó©²
°�ÒÓ�Òãã«�ÒºÓÓ©²�¹ÈÓËãË®�ÓÈ�º°ÓºmË�=Q6H�7H���ã«�m©«°ÓËÓÒ«�Ò²�ºãȰ�Ò�¹¯ÒäËÓËÓÒ«�
���,QWURGXFWLRQ
=Q6H�7H��VFLQWLOODWRU��UHODWHV�WR�WKH�VHPL�
FRQGXFWRU�PDWHULDOV� FODVV� RI�$�%��JURXS�� ,WLV� ZLGHO\� XVHG� LQ� VFLQWLOODWRU�VLOLFRQ� SKRWR�
GLRGH�V\VWHPV�IRU�;�UD\�GHWHFWRUV�RI�PRGHUQ
PXOWLFKDQQHO�ORZ�HQHUJ\�GHYLFHV�IRU�YLVXDOL�
]DWLRQ� RI� KLGGHQ� LPDJH� �V\VWHPV� RI� QRQ�GH�
VWUXFWLYH�FRQWURO��PHGLFDO�WRPRJUDSK\��UDGL�
RJUDSK\�� >�@�� &U\VWDOV� RI� ]LQF� VHOHQLGH� SRV�
VHVV� D� KLJK� OXPLQHVFHQW� HIILFLHQF\
���� WKRXVDQGV� SKRWRQV�0H9�� DQG� VKRUW� DI�
WHUJORZ�GXUDWLRQ��ZKLFK� DOORZV� UHJLVWUDWLRQ
RI�WKH�VKDGRZ�LPDJH�RI�ELRORJLFDO�REMHFWV�LQ
UHDO� WLPH�� $OVR� WKH� HPLVVLRQ� FRORU� RI� WKLV
SKRVSKRU�LV�RUDQJH�UHG��ZKLFK�PDNHV�LW�SHU�
IHFWO\�VXLWHG�WR�GHWHFWLRQ�E\�VLOLFRQ�VHPLFRQ�
GXFWRU�GHYLFHV�>�@���
$V�VFLQWLOODWLRQ�PDWHULDO�=Q6H�7H��FDQ�EH
XVHG�LQ�FU\VWDO�DQG�SRZGHU�IRUP�>�@��2Q�WKH
EDVLV� RI� SRZGHU� ]LQF� VHOHQLGH� WKH� IOH[LEOH
)XQFWLRQDO�0DWHULDOV�����1R��������� ��������67&��,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV�
��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV�������������
VFLQWLOODWLRQ� SDQHOV� ZLWK� KLJK� OLJKW� \LHOG
DQG� KRPRJHQHLW\� RI� WKH� OXPLQHVFHQFH� ZHUH
GHYHORSHG� >�@�� 7KHVH� IOH[LEOH� VFLQWLOODWLRQ
SDQHOV�PDGH�IRU�DSSOLFDWLRQ�LQ�;�UD\�VWXGLHV
RI�ELRORJLFDO�REMHFWV�LQ�PHGLFDO�WRPRJUDSK\�
LQGXVWULDO� GHIHFWRVFRS\� DQG� RWKHU� ORZ� HQ�
HUJ\� GHYLFHV� RI� YLVXDOL]DWLRQ� RI� KLGGHQ
LPDJH�� IRU� H[DPSOH�� WKH� V\VWHPV� RI� ;�UD\
VFDQQLQJ�RI�SDVVHQJHU�V�EDJJDJH� LQ�WKH�DLU�
SRUWV� RU� YHKLFOHV� VFDQQLQJ� LQ� WKH� FXVWRPV
VWDWLRQV�� 6FLQWLOODWLRQ� SDQHOV� DUH� GHVLJQHG
IRU� XVH� ZLWK� PXOWL�FKDQQHO� VLOLFRQ� SKRWR�
GLRGHV�� &&'V� DQG� RWKHU� SKRWRGHWHFWLRQ� GH�
YLFHV�RI�OLQHDU�DQG�FRPSOH[�VKDSH�
)RU� VXFFHVVIXO� DSSOLFDWLRQ� RI� WKH� VFLQWLO�
ODWLRQ� SDQHO� LQ� ;�UD\� HTXLSPHQWV� LW� KDV� WR
SRVVHVV� WKH� QXPEHU� RI� QHFHVVDU\� IHDWXUHV
VXFK�DV�VDWLVIDFWRU\�FRQWUDVW�VHQVLWLYLW\�DQG
UHVROYLQJ� SRZHU� LQ� D� ZLGH� G\QDPLF� UDQJH�
'HSHQGLQJ�RQ�WKH�W\SH�RI�;�UD\�V\VWHP�WKH
UHVROYLQJ� SRZHU� FDQ� YDU\� E\� XS� WR
���OS�PP�IRU�WKH�WUDGLWLRQDO�ILOP�UDGLRJUD�
SK\��DERXW���� OS�PP�IRU�FRPELQHG�V\VWHPV
RI� ILOP� DQG� LQWHQVLI\LQJ� VFUHHQ� DQG� IURP
���� WR� ��� OS�PP� IRU� GLJLWDO� UDGLRJUDSK\
>����@�
7KH�SXUSRVH�RI�WKLV�ZRUN�ZDV�WR�ILQG�RXW
WKH� UHVROYLQJ� SRZHU� RI� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� SDQHOV
EDVHG� RQ� =Q6H�7H�� DQG� WKHLU� RSWLPDO� SD�
UDPHWHUV�IRU�NHHSLQJ�D�FRPSURPLVH�EHWZHHQ
WKH� UHVROYLQJ� SRZHU� DQG� OLJKW� RXWSXW� RI
WKHVH�SDQHOV�
,Q� WKLV� ZRUN� GHSHQGHQFHV� RI� UHVROYLQJ
SRZHU�RI�WKH�VFLQWLOODWLRQ�SDQHOV�RQ�WKH�VL]H
RI� =Q6H�7H�� VFLQWLOODWRU� SRZGHU� SDUWLFOHV
DQG� WKH� SDQHOV� WKLFNQHVV� ZDV� GLVFRYHUHG�
7KH�GDWD�RI�WKH�OLJKW�RXWSXW�GHSHQGHQFH�RQ
WKH�SDQHO�WKLFNQHVV�DQG�VFLQWLOODWRU�SDUWLFOH
VL]H�LQ�D�WKLFNQHVV�UDQJH�RI������PP�ZHUH
SUHVHQWHG�� ;�UD\� LPDJHV� RI� GLIIHUHQW� WHVW
REMHFWV� REWDLQHG� XVLQJ� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� SDQHOV
EDVHG�RQ�]LQF�VHOHQLGH�ZHUH�VKRZQ�
���([SHULPHQWDO
7KH� REMHFWV� RI� VWXG\� ZHUH� VFLQWLOODWLRQ
SDQHOV� RI� YDULDEOH� WKLFNQHVV� PDGH� LQ� WKH
IRUP� RI� D� OD\HU� RI� SRO\FU\VWDOOLQH� SDUWLFOHV
RI� LUUHJXODU� VKDSH� RI� LQRUJDQLF� VFLQWLOODWRU
=Q6H�7H�� LQ� WKH� RSWLFDO� LPPHUVLRQ� PHGLXP
�VLOLFRQH�UXEEHU��6DPSOHV�RI�WKH�SDQHOV�DUH
PDGH�E\�SRXULQJ�D�PL[WXUH�RI�SRZGHU�VFLQ�
WLOODWRU� DQG� LPPHUVLRQ�PHGLXP� LQ� WKH� FRQ�
WDLQHU�ZKLFK�FRYHUHG�ZLWK�DQWL�DGKHVLRQ�PD�
WHULDO��
5HVROYLQJ�SRZHU�RI�WKH�VFLQWLOODWLRQ�SDQ�
HOV� ZDV� GHWHUPLQHG� E\� D� NQRZQ� PHWKRG
XVLQJ� DQ� DSSDUDWXV� IRU� ;�UD\� LPDJH� UHJLV�
WUDWLRQ� �)LJ������$V�D�VRXUFH�RI� LRQL]LQJ�UD�
GLDWLRQ� DSSDUDWXV� ,6292/7� 7LWDQ� (� ;�UD\
*HQHUDWRU� ���� ZDV� XVHG� DQG� WKH� PHDVXUH�
PHQWV� RI� WKH� UHVROYLQJ� SRZHU� ZDV� FDUULHG
RXW�E\�XVLQJ�D�VWDQGDUG�WHVW�REMHFW�(1�����
��'XSOH[�,4,�
0HDVXUHPHQWV� RI� WKH� VDPSOHV� OLJKW� RXW�
SXW� LQWHQVLW\� ZHUH� FDUULHG� RXW� E\� D� NQRZQ
PHWKRG� XVLQJ� WKH� XQLW� IRU�PHDVXUHPHQW� RI
OLJKW� \LHOG� DQG� DIWHUJORZ� Û� 6PLWKV� +HL�
PDQQ�$06���
���5HVXOWV�DQG�GLVFXVVLRQ
([SHULPHQWDO� VDPSOHV� RI� VFLQWLOODWLRQ
SDQHOV� EDVHG� RQ� =Q6H�7H�� ZHUH� PDQXIDF�
WXUHG� ZLWK� D� YDULDEOH� WKLFNQHVV� ZKLFK
UDQJHG� IURP����� WR���PP��7KUHH� UDQJHV� RI
SDUWLFOHV� GLVSHUVLRQ� ZHUH� LQYHVWLJDWHG�� WKH
ILUVW� RQH� LV� ��Ü��� PP�� WKH� VHFRQG� Û� ��Ü
����PP��DQG�WKH�WKLUG�RQH���������PP�
7KH� GDWD� RI� GHSHQGHQFHV� RI� WKH� OLJKW
\LHOG� RQ� WKH� SDUWLFOH� VL]H� DQG� WKLFNQHVV� RI
)LJ�����6FKHPH�RI�DSSDUDWXV�IRU�;�UD\�LPDJH
UHJLVWUDWLRQ���
)LJ�����7KH�GHSHQGHQFHV�RI�WKH�OLJKW�\LHOG�RQ
WKH� SDUWLFOH� VL]H� DQG� WKLFNQHVV� RI� WKH� SRO\�
FU\VWDOOLQH� GLVSHUVHG� VDPSOHV� RI� VFLQWLOODWLRQ
SDQHOV� EDVHG� RQ� =Q6H�7H��� &XUYH� �� FRUUH�
VSRQGV�WR�WKH�VDPSOH�RI�SDQHO�ZLWK�D�SDUWLFOHV
VL]H�LQ��������PP��FXUYH����SDUWLFOHV�VL]H
LV� ������ PP�� FXUYH� �� � SDUWLFOHV� VL]H� LV
�����PP�
9�/LWLFKHYVN\L�HW�DO����5HVROYLQJ�SRZHU�RI����
)XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ���
WKH� SRO\FU\VWDOOLQH� GLVSHUVHG� VDPSOHV� RI
VFLQWLOODWLRQ� SDQHOV� EDVHG� RQ� =Q6H�7H�� DUH
VKRZQ� LQ�)LJ�����7KH� ILUVW� UDQJH� RI� GLVSHU�
VLRQ� LV� WKH�PLQLPXP� DOORZDEOH� IRU� ]LQF� VH�
OHQLGH�DQG�ZLWK�IXUWKHU�GHFUHDVLQJ�RI�SDUWL�
FOH� VL]H� WKH� OLJKW� RXWSXW� EHFRPHV� WHQ� WLPHV
ORZHU� WKDQ� WKH� OLJKW� RXWSXW� RI� WKH� RULJLQDO
FU\VWDOOLQH� VDPSOH�� 7KLV� LV� GXH� WR� WKH� HOHF�
WURQ� FDSWXUH� OHQJWK� LQ� ]LQF� VHOHQLGH� �DERXW
���PP� DW� WKHVH� HQHUJLHV�� DQG� LI� LW� EHFRPHV
JUHDWHU� WKDQ� WKH� VL]H� RI� WKH� SDUWLFOHV� WKHQ
RQO\� D�PLQRU� IUDFWLRQ�RI�;�UD\� UDGLDWLRQ� LV
DEVRUEHG� E\� SDUWLFOHV� DQG� LQGXFHV� VFLQWLOOD�
WLRQ� IODVKHV�� )RU� WKH� ILUVW� UDQJH� RI� GLVSHU�
VLRQ� WKH� PD[LPXP� RI� OLJKW� RXWSXW� LV� RE�
VHUYHG� DW� WKLFNQHVVHV� IURP� ���� WR� ����PP�
:LWK� WKH� IXUWKHU� WKLFNQHVV� GHFUHDVH� RI� WKH
SDQHO�WKH�OLJKW�RXWSXW�DOVR�GHFUHDVHV�GXH�WR
GHWHULRUDWLRQ�RI�WKH�RSWLFDO� WUDQVSDUHQF\�RI
WKH�PHGLXP�DQG�WKH�GLVVLSDWLYH�SURFHVVHV�RI
VFDWWHULQJ� DQG� UHDEVRUSWLRQ� RI� VFLQWLOODWLRQ
IODVKHV�LQ�WKH�VDPSOH��7KH�VHFRQG�DQG�WKLUG
UDQJHV� RI� GLVSHUVLRQ� SRVVHVV� KLJKHU� OLJKW
RXWSXW�ZKLFK�DFFRUGLQJ�WR�)LJ����LQFUHDVHV�LQ
WKH�WKLFNQHVV�UDQJH�LQ������PP�DQG�UHDFKHV
D�PD[LPXP� DW� WKLFNQHVVHV� LQ� �����PP�IRU
WKH� VHFRQG� UDQJH� DQG� ������� PP� IRU� WKH
WKLUG�UDQJH�>�@�
)RU�GHWHUPLQDWLRQ�RI�GHSHQGHQFHV�RI� WKH
UHVROYLQJ� SRZHU� RI� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� SDQHOV� RQ
VFLQWLOODWRU�V� SDUWLFOH� VL]H� WKH� VDPSOHV� RI
WKUHH� UDQJHV� RI� GLVSHUVLRQ� ZHUH� PHDVXUHG
�VFKHPH�RI�WKH�H[SHULPHQW�LV�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJ�����
6FLQWLOODWLRQ�SDQHOV�PDGH�RI�WKH�ILUVW�UDQJH
RI� GLVSHUVLRQ� SRVVHVV� WKH� EHVW� UHVROYLQJ
SRZHU� � DSSUR[LPDWHO\� ��� OS�PP�� 6XFK
UHVROYLQJ� SRZHU� YDOXH� LV� DFKLHYHG� GXH� WR
VPDOO� VDPSOH� WKLFNQHVV� �������� PP�� DQG
UHODWLYHO\�VPDOO�SDUWLFOH�VL]H�RI�WKH�VFLQWLOOD�
WRU�������PP��ZKLFK�IRUP�D�GHQVH�OD\HU�RI
VFLQWLOODWLRQ�PDWHULDO� DQG� ZLWKLQ� WKLV� OD\HU
WKH� VFDWWHULQJ� RI� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� IODVKHV� LV
PLQLPDO�� 3DQHOV� EDVHG� RQ� =Q6H�7H�� SRZGHU
ZLWK� D� SDUWLFOH� VL]H� RI� ������ PP� KDYH� D
ORZHU�UHVROYLQJ�SRZHU����OS�PP���5HVROYLQJ
SRZHU� RI� WKH� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� SDQHOV�ZLWK� SRZ�
7DEOH����7KH�UHVROYLQJ�SRZHU�PHDVXUHPHQWV�UHVXOWV�IRU�VFLQWLOODWLRQ�SDQHOV�EDVHG�RQ�=Q6H�7H�
6L]H�RI�WKH�=Q6H�7H��SDUWLFOHV�
LQ�WKH�SDQHO��PP
;�UD\�LPDJH
����
�����
������
'HVLJQDWLRQ �' �' �' �' �' �' �' �' �'
'LDPHWHU�RI�WKH�ZLUH ����� ����� ����� ����� ����� ����� ����� ����� ������
OS�PP ���� ��� � ��� � � � ���� ����
�
�
�
9�/LWLFKHYVN\L�HW�DO����5HVROYLQJ�SRZHU�RI����
��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV�������������
GHU�GLVSHUVLRQ�LQ��������PP�LV�����OS�PP
�7DEOH�����7KH�UHVROYLQJ�SRZHU�GHWHULRUDWLRQ
IRU� WKH� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� SDQHOV� ZLWK� LQFUHDVLQJ
RI� WKH� SDUWLFOHV� VL]H� FDQ� EH� H[SODLQHG� E\
LQFUHDVLQJ� WKH� SDQHO�V� WUDQVSDUHQF\� GXH� WR
DQ� HQODUJHPHQW� RI� WKH� SDUWLFOHV� DQG� WKXV
UHGXFLQJ� WKH� QXPEHU� RI� VFDWWHULQJ� FHQWHUV
DQG�OLJKW�DEVRUELQJ�VXUIDFH�LQ�WKH�VFLQWLOOD�
WRU�LPPHUVLRQ� PHGLXP� V\VWHP�� :LWK� LQ�
FUHDVH�RI�WKH�SDQHO�V�WUDQVSDUHQF\�WKH�VFDW�
WHULQJ� FRQH� RI� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� IODVKHV� DOVR� LQ�
FUHDVHV�� 7KH� YDOXHV� RI� UHVROYLQJ� SRZHU� RI
WKH� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� SDQHOV� EDVHG� RQ� =Q6H�7H�
REWDLQHG�DFFRUGLQJ�WR�WKH�RSWLPL]HG�SDUDPH�
WHUV�RI�;�UD\V�
&UHDWLRQ� RI� KLJK�TXDOLW\� VFLQWLOODWLRQ
SDQHOV� UHTXLUHV� D� FRPSURPLVH� EHWZHHQ� WKH
SDQHO� WKLFNQHVV� �UHVSHFWLYHO\� WKH� OHYHO� RI
OLJKW�RXWSXW��DQG�UHVROYLQJ�SRZHU��VLQFH�DQ
LQFUHDVH� RI� WKH� SDQHO�V� WKLFNQHVV� GHFUHDVHV
WKH�UHVROYLQJ�SRZHU�E\�LQFUHDVH�RI�WKH�VFDW�
WHULQJ� FRQH� RI� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� IODVKHV��$FFRUG�
LQJ� WR� VWXGLHV�� WKH� RSWLPDO� WKLFNQHVVHV� RI
WKH�SDQHOV�LQ�RUGHU�WR�DFKLHYH�PD[LPXP�UH�
VROYLQJ�SRZHU�ZLWK�VDYLQJ�WKH�OLJKW�\LHOG�DW
WKH� DSSURSULDWH� OHYHO� IRU� SKRWRGHWHFWRU� DUH
DV�IROORZV��IRU�WKH�ILUVW�UDQJH�RI�GLVSHUVLRQ
WKH� RSWLPDO� WKLFNQHVV� EHORQJV� WR� WKH� UDQJH
�������PP�DW� WKH� OHYHO� RI� OLJKW� RXWSXW� LQ
��� �� RI� WKH� RULJLQDO� FU\VWDO�V� OLJKW� \LHOG�
�������PP� WKLFNQHVV� UDQJH� LV� RSWLPDO� IRU
D� VHFRQG� UDQJH� RI� GLVSHUVLRQ� DW� WKH� OLJKW
RXWSXW� OHYHO� LQ� ��� �� DQG� ������� PP
WKLFNQHVV�UDQJH�LV�RSWLPDO�IRU�WKH�WKLUG�GLV�
SHUVLRQ� UDQJH�ZLWK� WKH� OLJKW�\LHOG� LQ�����
�7DEOH����
7KH�LPDJHV�RI�GLIIHUHQW�WHVW�REMHFWV�ZHUH
REWDLQHG�XVLQJ�WKH�VFLQWLOODWLRQ�SDQHOV�EDVHG
RQ� =Q6H�7H�� SRZGHU� ZLWK� D� GLVSHUVLRQ� RI
�������PP�� 7KH� RUJDQLF� WHVW� REMHFW
�FKLFNHQ�ZLQJ��LV�VKRZ�LQ�)LJ�����7KH�SKRWR
SUHVHQWV� WKH� ZLQJ� ;�UD\� LPDJH� ZKHUH� VRIW
WLVVXH�� ERQH� WLVVXH� DQG� YRLGV� LQ� WKHP� DUH
YLVLEOH�� %\� YDU\LQJ� WKH� SDUDPHWHUV� RI� ;�
UD\V��FXUUHQW�DQG�YROWDJH�RI�DQRGH��WKH�QHF�
HVVDU\� FRQWUDVW� RI� LPDJHV� FDQ� EH� REWDLQHG�
7R� GHPRQVWUDWH� WKH� G\QDPLF� UDQJH� RI� WKH
VFLQWLOODWLRQ�SDQHOV� D� VHW� RI� FDOLEUDWHG� VWHHO
SODWHV� ZLWK� WKLFNQHVVHV� UDQJLQJ� IURP� ����
WR� �� PP� DQG� D� VSDFLQJ� RI� ����� PP� ZDV
FKRVHQ�DV�DQ�LQRUJDQLF�WHVW�REMHFW��)LJ�����
$FFRUGLQJ� WR� WKH�;�UD\� LPDJH� GDWD� HYHQ
PLQRU� FKDQJH� RI� WKH� REMHFW�V� WKLFNQHVV
������PP�� LV� FOHDUO\� UHFRUGHG� LQ� WKH� SKRWR
WKDW� PHDQV� WKDW� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� SDQHOV� EDVHG
RQ�=Q6H�7H�� SRVVHVV� WKH� KLJK� VHQVLWLYLW\� RI
GHWHFWLRQ�
���&RQFOXVLRQV
$V�D�UHVXOW�RI�WKLV�ZRUN�WKH�GHSHQGHQFHV
RI�WKH�UHVROYLQJ�SRZHU�DQG�WKH�OHYHO�RI�OLJKW
RXWSXW� RI� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� SDQHOV� EDVHG� RQ
=Q6H�7H�� RQ� WKH� VDPSOH�V�WKLFNQHVV�DQG�WKH
GLVSHUVLRQ�UDQJH�RI�WKH�SDUWLFOHV�ZHUH�GHWHU�
PLQHG�
)LJ�����;�UD\� LPDJH�RI�WKH�LQRUJDQLF�WHVW�RE�
MHFW� �D� VHW� RI� FDOLEUDWHG� VWHHO� SODWHV� ZLWK� D
WKLFNQHVV� IURP� ����� WR� �� PP�� REWDLQHG� E\
XVLQJ� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� SDQHO� EDVHG� RQ� =Q6H�7H�
ZLWK�D�GLVSHUVLRQ�RI�WKH�VFLQWLOODWLRQ�SDUWLFOHV
�������PP�
)LJ�����;�UD\�LPDJH�RI�WKH�ELRORJLFDO�WHVW�RE�
MHFW��FKLFNHQ�ZLQJ��REWDLQHG�E\�XVLQJ�VFLQWLO�
ODWLRQ�SDQHO�EDVHG�RQ�=Q6H�7H��ZLWK�D�GLVSHU�
VLRQ� RI� WKH� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� SDUWLFOHV� ���Ü
����PP�
7DEOH����6RPH�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI�VFLQWLOODWLRQ�SDQHOV�EDVHG�RQ�=Q6H�7H�
6L]H�RI�WKH�=Q6H�7H��
SDUWLFOHV�LQ�WKH�SDQHO��PP
7KLFNQHVV�RI�WKH�SDQHO�
PP
5HVROYLQJ�SRZHU�RI�WKH
SDQHO��OS�PP
5HODWLYH�OLJKW�RXWSXW�
��IURP�WKH�RULJLQDO
FU\VWDOOLQH�VDPSOH
=Q6H�7H�
���� ������ �� XS�WR���
����� ������ � XS�WR���
������ ������ ��� XS�WR���
9�/LWLFKHYVN\L�HW�DO����5HVROYLQJ�SRZHU�RI����
)XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ���
,W�ZDV�IRXQG�WKDW�WKH�VFLQWLOODWLRQ�SDQHOV
EDVHG�RQ�]LQF� VHOHQLGH� IURP�WKH� ILUVW� UDQJH
RI�GLVSHUVLRQ�FDQ�EH� VXFFHVVIXOO\�DSSOLHG� LQ
GLJLWDO� UDGLRJUDSK\� IRU� ZKLFK� WKH� UHTXLUH�
PHQWV�IRU�UHVROYLQJ�SRZHU�YDU\�IURP�����WR
���OS�PP��3DQHOV�EDVHG�RQ�WKH�VHFRQG�DQG
WKLUG�UDQJHV�RI�GLVSHUVLRQ�DFFRUGLQJ�WR�WKHLU
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV� DUH� VXLWDEOH� IRU� WKH� SURGXF�
LQJ� RI� SRVLWLRQ� VHQVLWLYH� GHWHFWRUV� VXFK� DV
VFLQWLOODWRU�SKRWRGLRGH�V\VWHPV�
7KXV� WKH� FRPSOLDQFH� RI� WKH� RSWLFDO� DQG
VFLQWLOODWLRQ� SDUDPHWHUV� �VXFK� DV� UHVROYLQJ
SRZHU�� G\QDPLF� UDQJH�� VHQVLWLYLW\� RI�GHWHF�
WLRQ�� RI� VFLQWLOODWLRQ� SDQHOV� EDVHG� RQ
=Q6H�7H��IRU�UHTXLUHPHQWV�DQG�VWDQGDUGV�RI
GLJLWDO� UDGLRJUDSK\� KDV� EHHQ� GHPRQVWUDWHG
LQ�WKLV�ZRUN�
5HIHUHQFHV
� ���*�5XGLJHU��0HG��(TXLS�����������������
� ���/�*DOFKLQHWVN\��9�5\]KLNRY��1�6WDU]KLQVN\�HW
DO���3URE�� $WRP��6FL�� �7HFKQ��� 6HU��� 3K\V��5DG�
'DPDJH�5DG��0DWHU��6FL�����������������
� ���(3�����������$���������
� ���9�/LWLFKHYVN\L�� 6�*DONLQ�� 2�/DODLDQWV� HW� DO��
)XQFWLRQDO�0DWHULDOV�����������������
� ���$�0LNKDLORY�� 0HDQV� DQG� 0HWKRGV� RI� 0RGHUQ
5RHQWJHQRJUDSK\��%HO��6FLHQFH��0LQVN��������
� ���$�0LNKDLORY��LQ��3URF��3RVVLELOLWLHV�DQG�/LPL�
WDWLRQV� RI�0RGHUQ�0HWKRGV� RI�0HGLFDO� ,PDJ�
LQJ��0LQVN��%HO0$32���������Y����S����
cºÏ�Lã ÓÈ�Ï�È�ÓL°� �°�ÒÓ�Òã«�L®ÓÒ²�¹ÈÓËãË®�ÓÈ�º°ÓºmL�°ËãËÓL����ÒÓ}��
{�|��L�L�Ëm° }Ò®��v�l��Èã}LÓ��|�,��ÈãÈ«Ó����n�{º¯ºÓ}LÓ��v�{�lȲº�È��,�k�r¯Ë°ãÈm° }Ò®�
�¯Ë�°�ÈmãËÓº�²È¯È}�˯Ұ�Ò}Ò�Ë}°¹Ë¯ÒäËÓ�Èã ÓÒ²�ϯÈÏ}Lm��Ó��}Ò²�°�ÒÓ�Òã«�L®ÓÒ²
¹ÈÓËãË®��mÒ�º�ºmãËÓÒ²�ÓÈ�º°ÓºmL��¯LÓº�Ò°¹Ë¯°ÓÒ²�¹º¯º�}Lm�°ËãËÓL����ÒÓ}���{Òm�ËÓº
ÏÈãËÎÓL°� �¯ºÏ�Lã Óº��Ï�È�Óº°�L�°�ÒÓ�Òã«�L®ÓÒ²�¹ÈÓËãË®�ÓÈ�º°ÓºmL�=Q6H�7H��mL��¯ºÏäL�
¯�� �Ȱ�º}� ¹º¯º�}�� °�ÒÓ�Òã«�º¯È� L� �ºm�ÒÓÒ� ¹ÈÓËãË®�� �¯Ë�°�ÈmãËÓº� �ÈÓL� ¹¯º� ÏÈ�
ãËÎÓL°� �°mL�ãºmº�º�mÒ²º���¹ÈÓËãË®�mL���ºm�ÒÓÒ�L�¯ºÏäL¯���Ȱ�ÒÓº}�°�ÒÓ�Òã«�º¯È��ã«
ϯÈÏ}Lm� �� �LȹÈϺÓL� �ºm�ÒÓ� ���Ü�� ää���º}ÈÏÈÓº� ¯ËÓ��ËÓº�¯ÈÁL�ÓL� ÏÓLä}Ò� ¯LÏÓÒ²� �˰�
º�¼}�Lm�� º�¯ÒäÈÓL� ÏÈ� �º¹ºäº�º
� °�ÒÓ�Òã«�L®ÓÒ²� ¹ÈÓËãË®� ÓÈ� º°ÓºmL� °ËãËÓL��� �ÒÓ}��
iº°ãL�ÎËÓº� �¯Ò� �LȹÈϺÓÒ� �Ò°¹Ë¯°Óº°�L� �Ȱ�ÒÓº}�� ¹Ë¯�Ò®� Û� ��Ü��� ä}ä�� �¯��Ò®�Û
��Ü����ä}ä���¯Ë�L®�Û����Ü����ä}ä��{°�ÈÓºmãËÓº���º�¯ºÏ�Lã ÓÈ�Ï�È�ÓL°� �°�ÈÓºmÒ� ���
�������¹È¯�ãLÓL®�ää��ã«�mL�¹ºmL�ÓÒ²��LȹÈϺÓLm�
9�/LWLFKHYVN\L�HW�DO����5HVROYLQJ�SRZHU�RI����
��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV�������������
|