Blood viscosity in patients with diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
The aim of the study was to evaluate blood viscosity as possible marker of disease progression in patients with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Methods: The viscosity of blood samples from 20 patients with newly diagnosed aggressive NHL (stage I, n = 7; stage II, n = 4; stage III, n =...
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Інститут експериментальної патології, онкології і радіобіології ім. Р.Є. Кавецького НАН України
2006
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| Цитувати: | Blood viscosity in patients with diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma / G. Utkan, I. Tek, M. Kocer, S. Muallaoglu, A.G. Durnalı, U.Y. Arslan, G. Celenkoglu, S. Tokluoglu, N. Alkis // Experimental Oncology. — 2006. — Т. 28, № 4. — С. 326-327. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-1379262018-06-18T03:11:25Z Blood viscosity in patients with diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Utkan, G. Tek, I. Kocer, M. Muallaoglu, S. Durnalı, A.G. Arslan, U.Y. Celenkoglu, G. Tokluoglu, S. Alkis, N. Short communications The aim of the study was to evaluate blood viscosity as possible marker of disease progression in patients with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Methods: The viscosity of blood samples from 20 patients with newly diagnosed aggressive NHL (stage I, n = 7; stage II, n = 4; stage III, n = 7; stage IV, n = 2) was analyzed using Brookfield DV-II + (USA) machine. Results: Blood viscosity in NHL patients (median: 5.5 ± 1.46 miliPascal) inversely correlated with lactatdehydrogenase (LDH) level, international prognostic index (IPI) score, and stage (p = 0.02, r= –0.51; p = 0.03, r= –0.63; and p = 0.04, r= –0.45, respectively) and positively correlated with hemoglobin level (p = 0.02, r = 0.65)). Conclusion: According to our data, blood viscosity may be considered as a follow up marker in NHL patients along with LDH level or sedimentation rate. Цель: анализ вязкости крови в качестве маркера возможного маркера прогрессии заболевания у больных неходжкинской лимфомой (НХЛ). Методы: вязкость крови 20 пациентов НХЛ (стадия I, = 7; стадия II, = 4; стадия III, = 7; стадия IV, n = 4) измеряли на приборе Brookfield DV-II + (США). Результаты: вязкость крови больных НХЛ (средняя величина: 5.5 ± 1.46 миллиПаскаль) находилась в обратной корреляции с уровнем лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ), величиной международного прогностического индекса (IPI) и стадией заболевания (p = 0,02, r = –0,51; p = 0,03, r = –0,63; p = 0,04, r = –0,45 соответственно) и в прямой зависимости от уровня гемоглобина (p = 0,02, = 0,65)). Выводы: согласно полученным данным, вязкость крови можно рассматривать в качестве маркера течения заболевания у больных НХЛ наряду с уровнем ЛДГ и показателем скорости оседания эритроцитов. 2006 Article Blood viscosity in patients with diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma / G. Utkan, I. Tek, M. Kocer, S. Muallaoglu, A.G. Durnalı, U.Y. Arslan, G. Celenkoglu, S. Tokluoglu, N. Alkis // Experimental Oncology. — 2006. — Т. 28, № 4. — С. 326-327. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 1812-9269 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/137926 en Experimental Oncology Інститут експериментальної патології, онкології і радіобіології ім. Р.Є. Кавецького НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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English |
| topic |
Short communications Short communications |
| spellingShingle |
Short communications Short communications Utkan, G. Tek, I. Kocer, M. Muallaoglu, S. Durnalı, A.G. Arslan, U.Y. Celenkoglu, G. Tokluoglu, S. Alkis, N. Blood viscosity in patients with diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Experimental Oncology |
| description |
The aim of the study was to evaluate blood viscosity as possible marker of disease progression in patients with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Methods: The viscosity of blood samples from 20 patients with newly diagnosed aggressive NHL (stage I, n = 7; stage II, n = 4; stage III, n = 7; stage IV, n = 2) was analyzed using Brookfield DV-II + (USA) machine. Results: Blood viscosity in NHL patients (median: 5.5 ± 1.46 miliPascal) inversely correlated with lactatdehydrogenase (LDH) level, international prognostic index (IPI) score, and stage (p = 0.02, r= –0.51; p = 0.03, r= –0.63; and p = 0.04, r= –0.45, respectively) and positively correlated with hemoglobin level (p = 0.02, r = 0.65)). Conclusion: According to our data, blood viscosity may be considered as a follow up marker in NHL patients along with LDH level or sedimentation rate. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Utkan, G. Tek, I. Kocer, M. Muallaoglu, S. Durnalı, A.G. Arslan, U.Y. Celenkoglu, G. Tokluoglu, S. Alkis, N. |
| author_facet |
Utkan, G. Tek, I. Kocer, M. Muallaoglu, S. Durnalı, A.G. Arslan, U.Y. Celenkoglu, G. Tokluoglu, S. Alkis, N. |
| author_sort |
Utkan, G. |
| title |
Blood viscosity in patients with diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
| title_short |
Blood viscosity in patients with diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
| title_full |
Blood viscosity in patients with diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
| title_fullStr |
Blood viscosity in patients with diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Blood viscosity in patients with diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
| title_sort |
blood viscosity in patients with diffuse large b cell non-hodgkin’s lymphoma |
| publisher |
Інститут експериментальної патології, онкології і радіобіології ім. Р.Є. Кавецького НАН України |
| publishDate |
2006 |
| topic_facet |
Short communications |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/137926 |
| citation_txt |
Blood viscosity in patients with diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma / G. Utkan, I. Tek, M. Kocer, S. Muallaoglu, A.G. Durnalı, U.Y. Arslan, G. Celenkoglu, S. Tokluoglu, N. Alkis // Experimental Oncology. — 2006. — Т. 28, № 4. — С. 326-327. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Experimental Oncology |
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2025-07-10T04:44:50Z |
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2025-07-10T04:44:50Z |
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| fulltext |
326 Experimental Oncology 28, 326–327, 2006 (December)
Blood viscosity composed of vascular and rheologic
components is considered as important parameter in a
wide variety of clinical disorders, including cancer. The
normal range for blood viscosity is 3.2 ± 0.4 miliPascal
(mPas) [1]. Elevated plasma viscosity was reported in
patients with breast and ovarian cancer [2–5]. Increased
plasma viscosity impairs blood flow properties and
may induce hypoxia in the microcirculation that favors
thrombosis, settlement of tumor cells and thus metas-
tasis. The viscosity of the blood is primarily related to
hematocrit but also to the amount of albumin, fibrinogen
and other macromolecules present in the blood [6].
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a malignant dis-
order which curability is highly possible [7]. Important
prognostic factors of NHL are the stage of the disease
and international prognostic index (IPI) value as well as
hemoglobin level [8, 9]. Hemoglobin levels < 11 g/dL
were shown to be a poor prognostic criteria for survival
of NHL patients [9]. The aim of our study was to analyze
the changes in blood viscosity in newly diagnosed NHL
patients on the background of alterations in fibrinogen,
albumin and hemoglobin levels.
Twenty newly diagnosed patients with histologically
documented diffuse large B cell NHL were enrolled in
the study. Written inform concent was taken from all
patients. Patients possessing diabetes mellitus, chronic
renal failure, hypertension, coronary vascular disease,
infectious disease, collagen vascular disease or co-
agulopathy were excluded from the study. The median
age of the patients was 52 years (range: 26–79), the
male/female ratio was 14/6. Patient’s characteristics
are presented in the Table (stage I, n = 7; stage II, n = 4;
stage III, n = 7, stage IV, n = 2; by IPI score, IPI 0, n = 1;
IPI 1, n = 3; IPI 2, n = 6; IPI 3, n = 6; IPI 4, n = 4).
Table. Patient’s characteristics and blood viscosity
No of
patient Sex Age Stage LDH ENIN IPI Hb
(g/dL) Fbr Blood Viscosi
ty (miliPascal)
1 M 39 3E 445 1 3 9.3 243 4.5 ± 0.2
2 F 59 1E 167 1 0 12.9 226 7.8 ± 0.3
3 M 66 1E 186 1 2 16.6 194 7.9 ± 0.2
4 F 38 2E 736 1 2 8.8 228 4.6 ± 0.2
5 M 72 1E 156 1 2 13.3 216 7.7 ± 0.2
6 M 29 3E 296 1 3 11.1 243 4.8 ± 0.1
7 M 77 4 318 0 4 11.6 256 5.7 ± 0.1
8 M 52 2E 259 2 4 11.8 251 4.7 ± 0.2
9 F 30 2E 235 1 2 12.3 223 7.2 ± 0.3
10 F 65 3E 373 1 3 9.7 236 3.7 ± 0.1
11 M 64 1 129 0 2 7.9 241 5.3 ± 0.2
12 M 41 3 328 0 3 12.8 264 4.7 ± 0.2
13 M 26 4 510 0 4 15.1 236 5.8 ± 0.2
14 M 42 1 123 0 1 8.8 214 7.6 ± 0.2
15 M 79 1E 141 1 3 11.2 181 4.7 ± 0.2
16 M 65 3 263 0 4 10.8 177 4.0 ± 0.1
17 M 29 3s 164 0 1 12.1 215 5.7 ± 0.2
18 M 53 1E 136 1 1 13.4 251 8.2 ± 0.3
19 F 63 2E 233 1 3 10.8 190 4.4 ± 0.2
20 F 51 3 290 0 2 12.6 244 5.9 ± 0.1
Notes: ENIN — extranodal involvement number; M — male; F — female;
Hb — hemoglobin; LDH — lactate dehydragenase (normal:100–200 U/L),
Fbr — fibrinogen (normal:170–400 mg/dL).
Blood samples in a volume of 5 cc were taken prior
to chemotherapy using tubes with anticoagulant and
immediately frozen at –40 °C. On the day of measure-
ment, all samples were melted and their viscosity was
measured at 37 °C in a Brookfield DV-II + (USA) machine
which was calibrated with distilled water. Each sample
was measured four times and the average of the mea-
surements was taken (mean ± levels, see the Table).
Staging procedures in all patients were done using
complete blood count, blood chemistry, lactatdehydro-
genase (LDH) level and erythrocyte sedimentation
rate, computed tomography and bone marrow bio-
psy. IPI scores were calculated according to stage
and clinical signs. The parameters which may have
an effect on viscosity such as fibrinogen (Beckman
Coulter ACL® 10000) and albumin (Beckman Coulter
Synchron LX® 20 Autoanalyser) were measured in
blood analyses before treatment.
To assess the trends, we used the median values of
intake in each category. 95% confidence intervals for
all relative risks were calculated. P values < 0.05 were
Blood VIscosIty In PatIents wIth dIffuse large B cell
non-hodgkIn’s lymPhoma
G. Utkan1, *, I. Tek2, M. Kocer1, S. Muallaoglu1, A.G. Durnalı1,
U.Y. Arslan1, G. Celenkoglu1, S. Tokluoglu2, N. Alkis1
1Ankara Oncology Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
2Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
The aim of the study was to evaluate blood viscosity as possible marker of disease progression in patients with newly diagnosed
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Methods: The viscosity of blood samples from 20 patients with newly diagnosed aggressive
NHL (stage I, n = 7; stage II, n = 4; stage III, n = 7; stage IV, n = 2) was analyzed using Brookfield DV-II + (USA) machine.
Results: Blood viscosity in NHL patients (median: 5.5 ± 1.46 miliPascal) inversely correlated with lactatdehydrogenase (LDH)
level, international prognostic index (IPI) score, and stage (p = 0.02, r= –0.51; p = 0.03, r= –0.63; and p = 0.04, r= –0.45,
respectively) and positively correlated with hemoglobin level (p = 0.02, r = 0.65)). Conclusion: According to our data, blood viscosity
may be considered as a follow up marker in NHL patients along with LDH level or sedimentation rate.
Key Words: blood viscosity, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Received: September 13, 2006.
*Correspondence: Email: gungorutkan_md@yahoo.com
Fax: 90 312 345 49 79
Abbreviations used: IPI — international prognostic index;
LDH – lactatdehydrogenase; NHL — nonHodgkin’s lymphoma.
Exp Oncol 2006
28, 4, 326–327
Experimental Oncology 28, 326–327, 2006 (December) 32728, 326–327, 2006 (December) 327December) 327) 327 327
considered significant. For independent prognostic
parameters, Spearman’s Rho correlation was used.
Median blood viscosity was found to be 5.5 ±
1.46 miliPascal (range: 3.7–8.2, normal: 3.2 ± 0.4) [1].
Blood viscosity inversely correlated with LDH, IPI score,
and stage (p = 0.02, r = –0.51; p = 0.03, r = –0.63; and
p = 0.04, r = –0.45, respectively) and positively correlat-
ed with hemoglobin level (p = 0.02, r = 0.65) (Fig. 1, 2).
Sex, age, fibrinogen level, and extranodal involvement
were not associated with blood viscosity (p = 0.57, p =
0.95, p = 0.57 and p = 0.84 respectively). Albumin levels
were shown to have a significant inverse correlation with
the stage (p = 0.02, r = –0.516) and positive correlation
with blood viscosity (p = 0.05, r = 0.442).
fig. 1. Correlation of mean blood viscosity with IPI score
fig. 2. Correlation of mean blood viscosity with the stage of
the disease
This is the first report on the blood viscosity in NHL
patients showing its inverse correlation with the stage
of the disease and IPI score. Elevated levels of acute
phase substances such as fibrinogen, C-reactive pro-
tein in NHL patients may contribute to these results.
In conclusion, we believe that evaluation of blood
viscosity may be used as an easy and useful marker of the
disease progression. Further trials may demonstrate the
impact of blood viscosity on prognosis in NHL patients.
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вязкость крови у больных диффузной в-клеточной
неходжкинской лимфомой
Цель: анализ вязкости крови в качестве маркера возможного маркера прогрессии заболевания у больных неходжкинской
лимфомой (НХЛ). Методы: вязкость крови 20 пациентов НХЛ (стадия I, n = 7; стадия II, n = 4; стадия III, n = 7; стадия IV,I, n = 7; стадия II, n = 4; стадия III, n = 7; стадия IV,, n = 7; стадия II, n = 4; стадия III, n = 7; стадия IV,n = 7; стадия II, n = 4; стадия III, n = 7; стадия IV, = 7; стадия II, n = 4; стадия III, n = 7; стадия IV,II, n = 4; стадия III, n = 7; стадия IV,, n = 4; стадия III, n = 7; стадия IV,n = 4; стадия III, n = 7; стадия IV, = 4; стадия III, n = 7; стадия IV,III, n = 7; стадия IV,, n = 7; стадия IV,n = 7; стадия IV, = 7; стадия IV,IV,,
n = 4) измеряли на приборе Brookfield DV-II + (���). = 4) измеряли на приборе Brookfield DV-II + (���).Brookfield DV-II + (���). DV-II + (���).DV-II + (���).-II + (���).II + (���).+ (���). Результаты: вязкость крови больных НХЛ (средняя величина:
5.5 ± 1.46 миллиПаскаль) находилась в обратной корреляции с уровнем лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ), величиной между-
народного прогностического индекса (IPI) и стадией заболевания (IPI) и стадией заболевания () и стадией заболевания (p = 0,02, r = –0,51;r = –0,51;= –0,51; p = 0,03, r = –0,63;r = –0,63;= –0,63; p = 0,04, r =r ==
–0,45 соответственно) и в прямой зависимости от уровня гемоглобина (p = 0,02, r = 0,65)).r = 0,65)). = 0,65)). Выводы: согласно полученным
данным, вязкость крови можно рассматривать в качестве маркера течения заболевания у больных НХЛ наряду с уровнем
ЛДГ и показателем скорости оседания эритроцитов.
Ключевые слова: вязкость крови, неходжкинская лимфома.
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