Prevention of ecological safety by waste neutralization
Проанализирована ситуация, сложившаяся в мире вследствие активного действия вируса H5N1. Определен дополнительный источник заражения птичьим гриппом – технологические отстойники птицефабрик. Даны технические и технологические предложения по переработке материала отстойников, позволяющие снизить риск...
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Український науково-дослідницький і проектно-конструкторський інститут гірничої геології, геомеханіки і маркшейдерської справи НАН України
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| Zitieren: | Prevention of ecological safety by waste neutralization / N. Kiselev, V. Filatov // Наукові праці УкрНДМІ НАН України. — 2007. — № 1. — С. 158-164. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-139662010-12-08T12:02:12Z Prevention of ecological safety by waste neutralization Kiselev, N. Filatov, V. Проанализирована ситуация, сложившаяся в мире вследствие активного действия вируса H5N1. Определен дополнительный источник заражения птичьим гриппом – технологические отстойники птицефабрик. Даны технические и технологические предложения по переработке материала отстойников, позволяющие снизить риск возникновения эпидемии и получить биотопливо. Проаналізована ситуація, що склалася у світі в наслідок активної дії вірусу H5N1. Визначено додаткове джерело зараження пташиним грипом – технологічні відстійники птахофабрик. Надані технічні та технологічні пропозиції переробки матеріалу відстійників, що дозволяють знищити різні появи епідемії та отримати біопаливо. 2007 Article Prevention of ecological safety by waste neutralization / N. Kiselev, V. Filatov // Наукові праці УкрНДМІ НАН України. — 2007. — № 1. — С. 158-164. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. 1996-885X http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/13966 578.832.1:579.222.2 en Український науково-дослідницький і проектно-конструкторський інститут гірничої геології, геомеханіки і маркшейдерської справи НАН України |
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Проанализирована ситуация, сложившаяся в мире вследствие активного действия вируса H5N1. Определен дополнительный источник заражения птичьим гриппом – технологические отстойники птицефабрик. Даны технические и технологические предложения по переработке материала отстойников, позволяющие снизить риск возникновения эпидемии и получить биотопливо. |
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Article |
| author |
Kiselev, N. Filatov, V. |
| spellingShingle |
Kiselev, N. Filatov, V. Prevention of ecological safety by waste neutralization |
| author_facet |
Kiselev, N. Filatov, V. |
| author_sort |
Kiselev, N. |
| title |
Prevention of ecological safety by waste neutralization |
| title_short |
Prevention of ecological safety by waste neutralization |
| title_full |
Prevention of ecological safety by waste neutralization |
| title_fullStr |
Prevention of ecological safety by waste neutralization |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Prevention of ecological safety by waste neutralization |
| title_sort |
prevention of ecological safety by waste neutralization |
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Український науково-дослідницький і проектно-конструкторський інститут гірничої геології, геомеханіки і маркшейдерської справи НАН України |
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2007 |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/13966 |
| citation_txt |
Prevention of ecological safety by waste neutralization / N. Kiselev, V. Filatov // Наукові праці УкрНДМІ НАН України. — 2007. — № 1. — С. 158-164. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
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AT kiselevn preventionofecologicalsafetybywasteneutralization AT filatovv preventionofecologicalsafetybywasteneutralization |
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2025-07-02T15:44:55Z |
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2025-07-02T15:44:55Z |
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1836550555448639488 |
| fulltext |
Наукові праці УкрНДМІ НАН України, № 1, 2007
Transactions of UkrNDMI NAN Ukraine, № 1, 2007
УДК 578.832.1:579.222.2
PREVENTION OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY BY WASTE
NEUTRALIZATION
Nikolay Kiselev, Valeriy Filatov
(UkrNIMI NANU, Donetsk, Ukraine)
Проанализирована ситуация, сложившаяся в мире
вследствие активного действия вируса H5N1. Определен
дополнительный источник заражения птичьим гриппом –
технологические отстойники птицефабрик. Даны технические и
технологические предложения по переработке материала
отстойников, позволяющие снизить риск возникновения
эпидемии и получить биотопливо.
Проаналізована ситуація, що склалася у світі в наслідок
активної дії вірусу H5N1. Визначено додаткове джерело
зараження пташиним грипом – технологічні відстійники
птахофабрик. Надані технічні та технологічні пропозиції
переробки матеріалу відстійників, що дозволяють знищити різні
появи епідемії та отримати біопаливо.
At present the closeness of population on planet increases and
simultaneously increases intensity of animal raising and special
poultry raising. Only in Ukraine on the state on 1 February 2007, from
data of «APK - Inform» total number of livestock of poultry counted a
160,4 million. Wastes of poultry raising count about 35 million ton to
the present time. Technological settlers of poultry factories are the
opened erections, disposed in the distance about 2-10 km from poultry
factories. Because of the features of it chemical composition wastes of
poultry raising are not used as fertilizers. They are not claimed and not
utilized. At the same time settlers are a favourable environment,
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Наукові праці УкрНДМІ НАН України, № 1, 2007
Transactions of UkrNDMI NAN Ukraine, № 1, 2007
reservoir of many viruses, for example, such as tuberculosis, all
viruses of flu and especially bird flu.
The first outbreaks of bird flu associated with illness and death
in humans have occurred in Southeast Asia, H5N1 strain of avian
influenza has made its first known jump to humans in 1997 in Hong
Kong. Since the beginning of bird flu epidemic in 2003 in this region
140 million of poultry have died or have been slaughtered and
disposed of to limit the spread of H5N1. Only in PRC since the
beginning of 2004 quarantine was announced in 33 areas of the
country. In the course of localization of the consequenses of epidemic
20 million head of poultry have been destroyed. China authorities
officially confirmed 10 cases of bird flu H5N1 human infection.
According to the reports of the World Health Organization the H5N1
strain has killed about 80 people in Asia since 2003. Losses of the
national produce on the whole in Asia was approximately $10-
15 million. Outbreaks of bird flu were recorded in Japan and in
Europe. In the Netherlands 17 million of chickens have been
destroyed (or 60 % of farm livestock). Epizootic of the H5N1 among
poultry population in Russia has captured 6 administrative districts. 1
million 311 thousand domestic birds infected with avian influenza
died or have been destroyed. The number of poultry in Ukraine has
decreased by 5.3 %.
At present mortality of poultry population caused by the H5N1
strain of avian influenza is registered in 47 countries worldwide. Yet
there are no reported cases of human-to-human transmission of the
current strain of avian flu. The virus does not pose a risk to humans
but scientists fear the H5N1 could mutate into a form that could be
passed between humans, causing a global pandemic influenza. In this
case mankind faces the prospect of global epidemic. The World Bank
says the global bird flu pandemic within a year can cause a damage to
world economics as much as $800 milliard.
A threat of human pandemic avian influenza has set a problem
before sanitary-epidemiologic officials. In short term they are to
develop and apply efficient measures to help contain the spread of
avian influenza infection. The main efforts should be undertaken in
two directions:
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Наукові праці УкрНДМІ НАН України, № 1, 2007
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1. Killing livestock population of infected domestic and wild
birds by incineration and burial.
2. The mass vaccination of the whole poultry stock.
It is considered that vaccinating birds does stop the spread of the
H5N1 virus. However, despite the fact that by now about 1 milliard of
poultry livestock and wild birds have been destructed, in spite of mass
vaccination of the poultry stock, and measures taken to prevent close
contact of poultry with wild birds epidemic has not been averted. It is
the authors’ opinion that one of the reasons is neglecting existence of
additional source of infection, namely waste treatment lagoons of
commersial poultry farms. Floss, dyed out tissue cover particles,
manure of already infected birds but not for a while yet having
symptoms of illness are removed from the farm buildings and home
yards and moved to lagoons. Every day an average poultry farm
produces 30-40 tons of waste and moves it to lagoons.
As a rule, a lagoon is the most common open treatment facility
located in the low-lying part of specially allotted lands.
Underestimation of the role of geoecological conditions often shown
results in that waste liquid phase through soil layers drains into low-
lying water layers with possible brining in them of incubated H5N1
virus. The sun and the wind dry up the upper level of a lagoon. Solid
component saturated with the virus is sublimated, becomes loose in
stricture and spreads by the wind in the neighbourhood. In contact
with a living organism in appropriate favorable conditions
(temperature, humidity etc.) the virus becomes actively evolve, with
all following consequences, i.e. necessary prerequisites are created for
the new outbreak of epidemic.
In no way denying the fact of the primary infection of poultry
with the H5N1 strain from wild birds, we do consider necessary to
take into account the existence of the potential source of the secondary
infection with the virus. Also special measures must be taken for
neutralization of accumulated chicken farming waste.
As one of the measures we propose our method developed in the
course of investigations. The method includes waste briquetting
adding sorbent and neutralizing components [1] and further use of it
as fuel for industry. A composite proposed consists of:
– poultry manure: 5-80 %;
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Наукові праці УкрНДМІ НАН України, № 1, 2007
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– lime: 2-10 %;
– lignin: 10-20 %;
– coal fines: the rest.
Poultry manure in combination with lime is a binding agent.
Besides, lime is a neutralizer of the ammonia it contains and shall
reduce H5N1 strain activity. Lignine (pulp and paper industry waste)
shall function as a sorbent and plasticizing agent. Addition of coal
fines shall increase heat engineering properties of briquette as a fuel to
the level of power-generating coals (table 1).
Table 1
Properties of briquettes
ltem Main parameters Symbols Unit measure Value
1
Analytic moisture
Wa % 7.0
2 Ash level Ad % 30.8
3 Volatile content Vd % 41.4
4 Total sulfur St
d % 1.14
5 High heat value Qdaf kcal/kg 5857
Briquetting of poultry farming waste is made as follows. A
portion of manure is removed from a lagoon following necessary
personal protective measures and charged into a mixer whereto lime is
added, and then the whole mixture is mixed thoroughly. Further lignin
and coal fines by turns are loaded into this mixture being constantly
mixed. Prepared mixture is charged into a special expeller [2] where it
is shaped in the form of cylinder-type briquettes of ∅20-22 mm and of
the length 25-30 mm and the briquettes are subject to
hydrophobization. Briquettes obtained are dried in a drying chamber
for 10-15 minutes at temperature 150-200 0C and dispatched to
customers for combustion. Strength of such fuel briquettes is 3.0 MPa
that meets requirements made to coal briquettes. The shape and size of
a briquette are taken starting from optimum conditions of combustion
process in boiling bed burners.
A complex of equipment to neutralize commercial poultry
farming waste must be mobile, placed directly near a lagoon and
consist of:
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Наукові праці УкрНДМІ НАН України, № 1, 2007
Transactions of UkrNDMI NAN Ukraine, № 1, 2007
1. Generator.
2. Mixer with dispensing apparatus.
3. Shaping expeller.
4. Drying chamber.
5. Charging equipment.
The primary element of this complex is a shaping expeller
(Fig. 1). Press design includes a worm 1 with a driving actuator 2
located in a housing 3, a charging hopper 4 installed at the housing 3
and adjoining to the end of the housing 3 nozzle 5 with channel-
orifices 6 provided with shaping tubes 7. There is also a cutting
element 8 made such as to slide along the line of coming out of
briquettes from the shaping tubes 7. Each of the tubes 7 has an internal
circular groove 9 with an orifice 10 for discharging hydrophobizating
solution.
Prepared briquette mass is charged into the housing 3 through a
charging hopper 4 wherefrom by means of rotated by a driving
actuator 2 extrusion worm 1 it is fed in the nozzle 5. There it is
compacted by an worm 1, pressed out in a channel-orifice 6 and is
moved in the shaping tubes 7 where the mass is shaped in the form of
a solid full-strength dense cylinder. A cylinder is subject to
hydrophobization by a special solution discharged through an orifice
10 in circular grooves 9 of tubes 7. At the outlet from the shaping
tubes 7 the mass is cut by briquettes of selected length with a cutting
element 8 sliding along the line of their coming out.
Taking into account forecasts of scientists with respect to
mutation of H5N1 virus (there are favorable conditions for this in
multi-component medium of a lagoon), it is necessary, without delay,
to bend every effort to the complete neutralization (treatment) of
accumulated poultry farming waste by suggested technique. This will
ensure prevention of global bird flu epidemic among people,
environmental improvement and obtaining of additional fuel.
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Наукові праці УкрНДМІ НАН України, № 1, 2007
Transactions of UkrNDMI NAN Ukraine, № 1, 2007
Assembly unit A
8
75
6
9
10
1
Fig. 1: 1 - extrusion worm; 2 - driving actuator ; 3 - housing; 4 -
charging hope; 5 - nozzle; 6 - channel-orifice; 7 - shaping
tube; 8 - cutting element; 9 - circular groove; 10 – orifice
for discharging hydrophobizating solution
163
Наукові праці УкрНДМІ НАН України, № 1, 2007
Transactions of UkrNDMI NAN Ukraine, № 1, 2007
REFERENCES
1. Pat. 10434 Ukraine, ICP7 C1OL5/42. Composition of briquetted
fuel / A.V. Antsiferov, V.V. Filatov, V.B. Bozhdansky, N.N.
Kiselev (Ukraine) – № U200504025; Applied on 27.04.05;
Released on 15.11.05.– 28 p.
2. Pat. 12100 Ukraine, ICP7 В28В3/22, В01D9/02. Biomass
densification / A.V. Antsiferov, M.G. Tirkel, V.V. Filatov, N.N.
Kiselev. (Ukraine) – № U200507670; Applied on 01.08.05;
Released on 16.01.06. – 32 p.
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