Technological safety of sustainable development of coal enterprises
Purpose. Substantiation of conceptual base of searching the ways of threats prevention to sustainable development of coal enterprises in the presence of multidirectional vectors of economic pressure of the external environment. Findings. The analysis of main definitions that reflecting essence of su...
Збережено в:
| Дата: | 2017 |
|---|---|
| Автори: | , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | English |
| Опубліковано: |
УкрНДМІ НАН України, Інститут геотехнічної механіки НАН України
2017
|
| Назва видання: | Розробка родовищ |
| Онлайн доступ: | http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/145686 |
| Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Technological safety of sustainable development of coal enterprises / V. Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, F. Cawood, V. Chervatiuk // Розробка родовищ: Зб. наук. пр. — 2017. — Т. 11, вип. 2. — С. 1-11. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
irk-123456789-145686 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
irk-123456789-1456862019-01-27T01:23:13Z Technological safety of sustainable development of coal enterprises Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, V. Cawood, F. Chervatiuk, V. Purpose. Substantiation of conceptual base of searching the ways of threats prevention to sustainable development of coal enterprises in the presence of multidirectional vectors of economic pressure of the external environment. Findings. The analysis of main definitions that reflecting essence of such scientific phenomena as “sustainable development” and “economic security” of the enterprise is conducted. Actuality and reasonability of scientific research conducting on formation of methodical base and tools of an assessment of a technological component of sustainable development safety of coal enterprises is substantiated. Мета. Обґрунтування концептуальної бази пошуку шляхів запобігання загрозам сталого розвитку вугільних підприємств при наявності різноспрямованих векторів економічного тиску зовнішнього середовища. Результати. Проведено аналіз основних визначень, що відображають сутність таких наукових феноменів, як “сталий розвиток” і “економічна безпека” підприємства. Обґрунтована актуальність та доцільність проведення наукових досліджень з формування методичної бази й інструментарію оцінки технологічної складової безпеки сталого розвитку вугільних підприємств. Цель. Обоснование концептуальной базы поиска путей предотвращения угроз устойчивому развитию угольных предприятий при наличии разнонаправленных векторов экономического давления внешней среды. Результаты. Проведен анализ основных определений, отражающих сущность таких научных феноменов, как “устойчивое развитие” и “экономическая безопасность” предприятия. Обоснована актуальность и целесообразность проведения научных исследований по формированию методической базы и инструментария оценки технологической составляющей безопасности устойчивого развития угольных предприятий. 2017 Article Technological safety of sustainable development of coal enterprises / V. Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, F. Cawood, V. Chervatiuk // Розробка родовищ: Зб. наук. пр. — 2017. — Т. 11, вип. 2. — С. 1-11. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. 2415-3435 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/mining11.02.001 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/145686 622.3:658.5 en Розробка родовищ УкрНДМІ НАН України, Інститут геотехнічної механіки НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| description |
Purpose. Substantiation of conceptual base of searching the ways of threats prevention to sustainable development of coal enterprises in the presence of multidirectional vectors of economic pressure of the external environment. Findings. The analysis of main definitions that reflecting essence of such scientific phenomena as “sustainable development” and “economic security” of the enterprise is conducted. Actuality and reasonability of scientific research conducting on formation of methodical base and tools of an assessment of a technological component of sustainable development safety of coal enterprises is substantiated. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, V. Cawood, F. Chervatiuk, V. |
| spellingShingle |
Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, V. Cawood, F. Chervatiuk, V. Technological safety of sustainable development of coal enterprises Розробка родовищ |
| author_facet |
Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, V. Cawood, F. Chervatiuk, V. |
| author_sort |
Bondarenko, V. |
| title |
Technological safety of sustainable development of coal enterprises |
| title_short |
Technological safety of sustainable development of coal enterprises |
| title_full |
Technological safety of sustainable development of coal enterprises |
| title_fullStr |
Technological safety of sustainable development of coal enterprises |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Technological safety of sustainable development of coal enterprises |
| title_sort |
technological safety of sustainable development of coal enterprises |
| publisher |
УкрНДМІ НАН України, Інститут геотехнічної механіки НАН України |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/145686 |
| citation_txt |
Technological safety of sustainable development of coal enterprises / V. Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, F. Cawood, V. Chervatiuk // Розробка родовищ: Зб. наук. пр. — 2017. — Т. 11, вип. 2. — С. 1-11. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Розробка родовищ |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT bondarenkov technologicalsafetyofsustainabledevelopmentofcoalenterprises AT cherniakv technologicalsafetyofsustainabledevelopmentofcoalenterprises AT cawoodf technologicalsafetyofsustainabledevelopmentofcoalenterprises AT chervatiukv technologicalsafetyofsustainabledevelopmentofcoalenterprises |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-10T22:17:10Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-10T22:17:10Z |
| _version_ |
1837300021644492800 |
| fulltext |
Mining of Mineral Deposits
ISSN 2415-3443 (Online) | ISSN 2415-3435 (Print)
Journal homepage http://mining.in.ua
Volume 11 (2017), Issue 2, pp. 1-11
1
Founded in
1900
National Mining
University
UDC 622.3:658.5 https://doi.org/10.15407/mining11.02.001
TECHNOLOGICAL SAFETY OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT OF COAL ENTERPRISES
V. Bondarenko1, V. Cherniak2*, F. Cawood3, V. Chervatiuk4
1Underground Mining Department, National Mining University, Dnipro, Ukraine
2Production Sphere Management Department, National Mining University, Dnipro, Ukraine
3Wits Mining Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
4LLC “DTEK Energy”, Kyiv, Ukraine
*Corresponding author: e-mail vi_chernyak@ukr.net, tel. +380993425484
ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА СТІЙКОГО РОЗВИТКУ
ВУГІЛЬНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
В. Бондаренко1, В. Черняк2*, Ф. Кейвуд3, В. Черватюк4
1Кафедра підземної розробки родовищ, Національний гірничий університет, Дніпро, Україна
2Кафедра менеджменту виробничої сфери, Національний гірничий університет, Дніпро, Україна
3Гірничий дослідний інститут, Вітватерсрандський університет, Йоганнесбург, Південно-Африканська Республіка
4ТОВ “ДТЕК Енерго”, Київ, Україна
*Відповідальний автор: e-mail vi_chernyak@ukr.net, тел. +380993425484
ABSTRACT
Purpose. Substantiation of conceptual base of searching the ways of threats prevention to sustainable development of
coal enterprises in the presence of multidirectional vectors of economic pressure of the external environment.
Methods. Methods of the structural and comparative analysis for an assessment of usage of the main definitions of a
research, their essence and communication with other categories which define efficiency of development of the coal
enterprise are used for the solution of the set tasks in the work; groups and classifications are used for systematization
of types of economic security and stability of the enterprise, and also factors which cause them.
Findings. The analysis of main definitions that reflecting essence of such scientific phenomena as “sustainable devel-
opment” and “economic security” of the enterprise is conducted. Actuality and reasonability of scientific research
conducting on formation of methodical base and tools of an assessment of a technological component of sustainable
development safety of coal enterprises is substantiated.
Originality. Research of opportunities of the comprehensive programs creation of adaptive management of the mining
enterprise including a retrospective and perspective assessment of a pathway of its development.
Practical implications. Introduction of adaptation activity at the coal enterprises in aspect of process of technological
safety ensuring.
Keywords: coal enterprise, technological safety, economic stability, stable functioning
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the world coal industry is nearly the most
difficult sphere of economic activity from the point of
view of an assessment and realization of prospects of its
further development.
Such situation, on the one hand, is caused by the in-
creasing role, weight and economic feasibility of alterna-
tive energy sources implementation. Already more than
30 countries of the world have proclaimed that they have
reached smaller costs of their usage in relation to tradi-
tional sources on the basis of coal, oil and gas and even
nuclear power. It leads to the fact that the governments are
skeptical about necessity of the state support of the coal-
mining enterprises and providing any preferences to them.
On the other hand, the industry continues to provide
millions and millions of work places not only at the enter-
prises, but also in partner spheres, such as metallurgy, me-
chanical engineering, chemical industry, etc. Besides, in-
creased investments into technological development of the
enterprises connected with complication of mining-and-
geological conditions of coal mining from year to year.
Presence of such multidirectional vectors of economic
pressure leads to necessity of acceptance by the enterprises
of measures for prevention of threats for steady functioning.
V. Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, F. Cawood, V. Chervatiuk. (2017). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 11(2), 1-11
2
In domestic practice it is necessary to add to these fac-
tors also political one, which consequence of action viola-
tion of integrity of the organizational and economic mech-
anism of management of industry and coordination of
work of the state and private sectors of coal mining has
turned out. In such conditions, so far, only the Donbass
Fuel and Energy Company (DTEK) keeps perspective
technical and technological base for improvement organi-
zational and economic making productions of coal output.
For the last 11 years, Company invested nearly UAH
20 billion in development of mines (Derun, 2016).
Since 2013, on DTEK enterprises the system of eco-
nomical production “Innovator” based on rules of the
Toyota production system (Toyota Production System –
TPS) which principles and tools have found reflection in
its American option – system of economical production of
LEN (LEN – Lean Production). Its represented as a certain
complex of actions for management of the organization
which are directed on improvement of quality of work due
to reduction of losses. And even in a year of implementa-
tion, the effect of introduction of “Innovator” at the DTEK
coal enterprises has made only UAH 8.2 million, then in
the next years it has considerably increased, and in 2014
has reached to UAH 66.6 million, and in 2015 has ex-
ceeded the amount of UAH 270 million. For today, statis-
tically, each 20 minutes in DTEK the new idea on ensur-
ing lean manufacturing is suggested.
However, the system strategy of maintenance of com-
petitiveness and development of the coal-mining enter-
prises can be constructed only on a strong scientific and
methodical basis (Kharlamova, Nate, & Chernyak, 2016).
Such scientific approaches to increase in efficiency of ac-
tivity of the enterprises urgent today as “concept of sus-
tainable development of the enterprise” and “concept of
economic security of the enterprise” can make its concep-
tual basis of construction (Vorotnikov, 2014). At the same
time, it is necessary to consider that mining industry has
certain specifics of activity which are available dynamic
working space that imposes certain restrictions for usage
of classical scientific approaches to ensuring sustainable
development of the enterprises.
The attention was already focused on the fact that en-
terprises of coal industry have specific conditions which
can influence on functioning of safety mechanism of sus-
tainable development. Works that devoted to enterprises
of mining and metallurgical complex (Slobodchikova,
2016; Amoosha, Starichenko, & Cherevatskyi, 2013;
Dhookie, 2016) are testified about that.
The attention of the last research on this issue con-
centrates generally on economic and financial aspects of
stability of the coal enterprises, and “technology”,
though is noted as a significant factor, but remains be-
yond the scope of research. Furthermore, for instance, in
work of Trifonova (2015), concentrating on a perspective
of “stability of the enterprise” and “stability of function-
ing of the enterprise” (including coal mines), researchers
let go that as it has been shown above, these phenomena
can be considered only as the separate moments of “sus-
tainable development of the coal enterprise” and can’t be
considered as the complete business strategy of the en-
terprises of coal industry.
Weighing features of functioning and development of
the coal enterprises and considering the level of scientific
developments on the designated perspective, it is possi-
ble to note that the special attention is required by a tech-
nological component of safety of sustainable develop-
ment today.
2. PRINCIPLES OF ADAPTATION
PROGRAMS FORMULATION OF
COAL MINES DEVELOPMENT
Any operating mining enterprise and coal mine in par-
ticular, represent the difficult dynamic system that func-
tioning in continuously changing conditions of the internal
and external environment.
For instance, volumes of daily updates of working
space on stoping and preparatory mine workings on coal
mines of DTEK in 2016 exceeded 60 000 m3 (Fig. 1), i.e.,
every day cardinal transformations of space of 5 football
fields on height in human growth were undergo.
Figure 1. Changes of working space on DTEK coal mines
Advance of the front of stoping and preparatory oper-
ations, displacement of roof and bottom rocks, changes of
gas-and water abundance of mine workings – all these lead
to necessity of ensuring stability of functioning and devel-
opment of the enterprise and, respectively, development
and implementation of projects (programs) that allowing
to create such maintenance. Furthermore, it is necessary to
consider instability factors that connected with the level of
readiness of stocks for application of these or those tech-
nological schemes. According to Khetagurov (2013), min-
eral reserves which are initial product of the nature, have
significant effect on overall performance of the rock en-
terprise for this reason:
– have no starting cash value in its classical sense;
– placement and total number of resources (category
A, B, C1 and C2) in subsoil have various degree of a prob-
abilistic assessment;
– in each time point, the assessment of deposits stocks
is confirmed by data of the reconnoitered part of stocks,
and the information about them is replenished with expan-
sion of its industrial development;
– resources of minerals are non-reproducible, and
at the same time can be filled up due to geological
investigation;
111276 113224
62962
48834 51277
11158 14625
15885
10135 9593
2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4 2 0 1 5 2 0 1 6
DTEK stoping DTEK preparatory
V. Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, F. Cawood, V. Chervatiuk. (2017). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 11(2), 1-11
3
– the constant preparation of the new front is necessary
for providing a continuity of production drivage of perma-
nent and preparatory mine workings, operations on sup-
porting of mine workings, construction and equipment of
transport communications and so forth;
– initial expenses on preparation of the new front con-
ducting is very essential and demands a considerable ad-
vancing in time of mining operations;
– fields and their sections are characterized by very
various conditions of a bedding and quality of minerals
and, as a result, efficiency potential;
– the infrastructure of the enterprise including a complex
of buildings and constructions in the absence of effective re-
serves of mineral, and practically, has no market value.
Basing on analysis of industry specifics of activity, it
is possible to predict with confidence that for coal mines
in such ways of development today is increasing in adap-
tive abilities of the enterprise to mining-and-geological
conditions of development of deposits and research of
technical-and-technological capabilities of ensuring ex-
panded reproduction.
The comprehensive programs of adaptive management
including a retrospective and perspective assessment of a
trajectory of development of mining enterprise, identifica-
tion of critical stages, dangers, risks, emergency situations
which can change the developed tendencies, form a basis
of such work and create the innovative potential of ensur-
ing safety and steady functioning.
Set of interrelations of properties and opportunities of
the developing objects, their parametrical reflection also
makes a structural and logical basis (Fig. 2) of adaptation
programs for the mining enterprises reproduction.
ъ
Figure 2. Structurally-and-logical scheme of programs elements interaction of adaptive management on coal mines
Problems of adaptability, adaptation process, adaptive
management of the enterprises are subject to close atten-
tion of scientists. At different times in the context of de-
velopment of the enterprises, such authoritative foreign
scientists as D. Andresen, I. Ansoff, J. Dixon, P. Segne,
A. Setkhi, and S. Setkhi, V. Stephenson who have laid the
theoretical and methodological foundation of the concept
of adaptive management of the enterprises were engaged
in such tasks.
Usage of the basic principles of programs of adaptive
management of technological processes on DTEK mines
within such actions have allowed to reduce necessary
volumes of updates of working space almost twice
(Fig. 3), reducing thereby potential area of critical activ-
ity and increasing technological safety of production.
And if in 2012 – 2013 practically the same volume of
mined rocks fell on each cubic meter of the extracted
coal, now it was reduced almost by 3 times (Salli, Ma-
maykin, & Smolanov, 2013).
The cumulative effect from realization of innovative
actions on Ukrainian coal mines of DTEK during the pe-
riod from 2013 to 2016 has made about UAH 480 million
that at the cost of “start” of one longwall of UAH 50 mil-
lion, it corresponds to economy of commissioning of
10 stoping faces.
D
ev
el
op
m
en
t s
te
ad
in
es
s
A
da
pt
iv
ity
A
nt
ic
ip
at
iv
ity
R
ef
le
xi
vi
ty
V
al
en
cy
R
ef
le
ct
io
n G
eo
lo
gi
ca
l
T
ec
hn
ol
og
ic
al
In
du
st
ri
al
W
or
k
pa
ra
m
et
er
s In
co
m
in
g
O
ut
co
m
in
g
D
ev
el
op
m
en
t s
af
et
y
Program
of current
(simple)
activity
Critical
activity
Innovation
activity
Capabilities
(resources)
of current
activity
Capabilities
of critical
activity
Capabilities
of innovation
activity
Technical-and-tech-
nological
Organizational
Financial
Other types
of safety
V. Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, F. Cawood, V. Chervatiuk. (2017). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 11(2), 1-11
4
Figure 3. Efficiency of implementation of adaptation programs
of stoping and preparatory operations technology in
conditions of DTEK mines (daily renewals of working
space on 1 ton of extracted coal, cubic meters)
At the same time, it is necessary to consider what con-
sequences of the entered innovations can exert negative im-
pact on balance of safety and stability. Such influence not
always happens obvious, especially if the indicators that
characterizing adaptability weren’t considered in advance
and borders weren’t projected in calculations, and borders
or scale of values of its level are also not developed.
For prevention of negative consequences of such
plan, on the basis of the analysis of theoretical and me-
thodical base of a research of adaptation processes and
the phenomena in functioning of the enterprises, the fol-
lowing complex of requirements (A) and principles is
proposed (B), on the basis of which adaptation programs
of development of coal mines have to be formed
(Chernyak, 2004):
A. Adaptation programs of coal mines development
has to meet the following requirements:
– to have the high flexibility allowing to change quickly;
– to have high mobility in adoption of administrative
decisions and their realization in life;
– to be an adequate to current situation;
– to consider the serious competition;
– to consider requirements for professionalism level;
– to consider the risks that connected with dynamics of
changes and development;
– to take into account necessity of uncertainty of the
external environment;
– to predict transition of system from one state in another
by a preliminary task of parameters of external environment;
B. Adaptation programs of coal mines development
has to be based on the following principles:
– system-wide principles;
– methodical principles;
– principles of the structural organization of adaptive
business management;
– principles of an indicativity and measurability;
– the special (industry) principles that determined by
specifics of the concrete enterprise activity.
In particular, for coal mines one of the basic principles
can be considered the principle of restriction of working
space updates. Realization of this principle in practice can
be reached due to reuse of mine workings and, respec-
tively, increases in stability of those mine workings which
can be potentially reused, and also by increase in length of
extraction pillars that provides increase in concentration
of stoping operations. Further research of considered per-
spective also have to develop in the direction of a specifi-
cation of the special principles of development of manage-
ment adaptation programs of safe and sustainable devel-
opment of coal mines.
In conditions of mining enterprises, technical-and-
technological environment is the most quickly changing
element that gives the foundation to consider technologi-
cal processes as a basis of formation of safe and sustaina-
ble development.
3. METHODICAL FEATURES OF
ADAPTATION PROGRAMS ELABORATION
OF COAL MINES DEVELOPMENT
Having considered basic elements of conceptual base
of sustainable development of coal-mining enterprises and
ensuring its technological safety, we can pass to statement
and solution of the first analytical task: to analyze and es-
timate specifics of parametrical, algorithmic and resource
adaptation of technological system of coal mines.
Difficulty of the solution of such task consists in vari-
ous conditions of production of underground operations
because of insufficiency and uncertainty of information on
true parameters of the massif outside mine workings, real
indicators of mining operations can significantly differ
from planned (design).
Problem statement. We have the changing Technolog-
ical working space of TWS representing the interacting
complex of two Technological subspaces (Fig. 4):
– technological subspace TSS1 of stoping operations;
– technological subspace TSS2 of preparatory operations.
Figure 4. Technological subspaces
Changes TSS1 and TSS2 happen within plan targets.
At the same time, the actual resultant values of changes
are fixed as in positive (a plan overfulfillment), and in neg-
ative (failure to follow the plan) ranges of the arising sets
of events. Both unforeseen combinations of conditions
and mistakes in administrative decisions can be the rea-
sons of existence of zones of non-performance of plan tar-
gets: or in aspect of establishment of the plans which
aren’t corresponding to the current conditions or owing to
using not rational technology of mining operations con-
ducting. The solution of a task, in broad understanding, is
minimization of probability of manifestation of events in
the negative range.
The choice of schemes and the sequence of updating
of technological working space, and also temporary char-
acteristics of each work (beginning, termination, duration)
and determined by appointed (planned) intensities of their
performance which in the maximum measure correspond
to conditions of the environment of TSS1 and TSS2 is the
result of solution of an objective.
1.27
1.13
0.78 0.75 0.75
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
ТSS 1 Т
S
S
2
V. Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, F. Cawood, V. Chervatiuk. (2017). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 11(2), 1-11
5
For reflection of qualitative “picture” of examined task
conditions and results of work of the operating coal mines
of DTEK during the period from 2012 to 2016 are consid-
ered. As the dynamic indicator of a situation, the interre-
lation of speed of stoping and preparatory mine workings
with performance of plan targets is analyzed. The statisti-
cal set displaying this interrelation is presented on
Figure 5. In general, these works of 1125 drivage and
478 stoping faces (Table 1) have been processed.
For finding solutions of problems of this type it is re-
quired to create a technique of a research of ways of
providing economic (in aspect – technological) safety and
stability of working space (TSS1 and TSS2) in conditions
of its continuous change which in basic option comes
down to a technique of the solution of a task of adaptive
management of mining operations development and for-
mations of the appropriate adaptation programs.
Procedures of search of the adaptive decision (or adap-
tive procedures) can be divided into three groups: proce-
dures with parametrical adaptation, procedures with algo-
rithmic (structural) adaptation and procedures with resource
adaptation. The first group of procedures can be considered
as a special case of the second – algorithms (structures) dif-
fer only in values of the operated parameters.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 5. Statistical distribution of analyzed data: (a) plan performance at various speeds of continuous drivage; (b) plan performance
at various speeds of drilling and blasting operations method; (c) plan performance at various advance rate of face
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250%
A
dv
an
ce
r
at
e,
m
/d
ay
Plan performance, %
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250% 300% 350% 400% 450%
A
dv
an
ce
r
at
e,
m
/d
ay
Plan performance, %
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250% 300% 350% 400%
A
dv
an
ce
r
at
e,
m
/d
ay
Plan performance, %
V. Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, F. Cawood, V. Chervatiuk. (2017). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 11(2), 1-11
6
Table 1. The volume of statistical selection on stoping and
preparatory faces of DTEK coal mines
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
Preparatory faces
with continuous
drivage
105 150 154 126 121 656
Preparatory faces with
drilling-and-blasting
operations drivage
99 150 133 37 50 469
Stoping faces 136 139 78 62 63 478
Total amount
of faces
340 439 365 225 234 1603
Changes of parameters and structure of system and, as
a result, the operating influences for achievement of its op-
timum state at initial uncertainty and the changing work-
ing conditions are conducted by results of modeling. At
the same time, model F which consists of structure and
parameters is formed:
CStF , , (1)
where:
St – structure of model F;
C = (C_1, ..., C_k) – its parameters.
Such adaptive models function in the conditions of a
multicriteriality, and these criteria can be not only ex-
treme, but also have the nature of restrictions. It induces
to formulate several criteria at once and to vary their
choice depending on current situation and internal require-
ments of the system. Thus, already the choice of criteria
of adaptation is process adaptive and has to be considered
during adaptation determining. Therefore, with taking into
account features of difficult systems, adaptation is defined
in a broad sense as process of purposeful change of param-
eters and structure of system which consists in determina-
tion of criteria of its functioning and performance of these
criteria (Rastrigin, 1981).
The main approach to the solution of this kind of tasks
is application of expert methods of an assessment and sit-
uation analysis (Kovalevska, Illiashov, Fomychov, &
Chervatuk, 2012; Bondarenko, Hardygora, Symanovych,
Sotskov, & Snihur, 2016).
In the conditions of a multicriteriality of tasks it is ex-
pedient to apply entropy approach to an assessment of sit-
uations to increase in efficiency of adoption of expert de-
cisions. For this purpose, data of any selection can be rep-
resented in the form of Pareto-diagram, such as on Fig-
ure 6 results of defragmentation of selection on effective-
ness of TSS2 changes during using of continuous methods
of preparatory mine workings are displayed.
Further, we can calculate value of entropy within each
fragment of the splitting received on diagram according to
a formula:
1ln1
n
i ii PPН , (2)
where:
n – the number of groups into which the schedule dur-
ing calculating is divided;
Pi – value of probability of point getting into a certain
group.
Figure 6. Total Pareto-diagram of data sampling of plan performance of preparatory mine workings during 2012 – 2016
On diagram on Figure 6, significant Pareto-area in-
cludes 5 groups (ranges), the number of observations in
which is equal to 81.4% of the total amount of selection
(905 points of 1111 considered, data which correctness
isn’t confirmed weren’t considered). Values of indicator
of performance of plan targets in the range of values from
60 to 135% get into these groups. At the same time, if to
analyze selection after a time interval (by years, from 2012
to 2016, Fig. 7), it is possible to see that significant groups
in separate years can settle down in wider range therefore
for the further analysis the settlement range of values of
an indicator of implementation of the plan for preparatory
mine workings drivage from 40% (at the minimum value
of 38% in 2012) to 160% (at the maximum value of 152%
according to 2012) is determined.
Value of entropy on a total indicator of plan targets
performance on preparatory mine workings drivage dur-
ing 2012 – 2016 are defined on the basis of the calcula-
tions that presented in Tables 2 – 4. From Figure 8 it is
follows that the probability of plan targets performance on
preparatory mine workings drivage on DTEK mines dur-
ing 2012 – 2016 was equal to 50%.
V. Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, F. Cawood, V. Chervatiuk. (2017). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 11(2), 1-11
7
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e)
Figure 7. Single Pareto-diagram of data sampling of plan performance on preparatory mine workings drivage during 2012 – 2016:
(a) 2012; (b) 2013; (c) 2014; (d) 2015; (e) 2016
V. Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, F. Cawood, V. Chervatiuk. (2017). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 11(2), 1-11
8
Table 2. Calculation of entropy for a total indicator of plan targets performance for preparatory mine workings drivage during
2012 – 2016
Index
Defragmentation of sampling on value groups, %
< 40.00
40.00 –
59.99
60.00 –
79.99
80.00 –
99.99
100.00 –
119.99
120.00 –
139.99
140.00 –
160.00
>160.00
The number of obser-
vations in group (n)
33 78 163 280 368 103 28 52
Value of probability
for each group (Pi)
0.03 0.07 0.15 0.25 0.33 0.09 0.03 0.05
Logarithm of proba-
bility of group (ln Pi)
–3.51 –2.66 –1.90 –1.39 –1.11 –2.41 –3.51 –3.00
Value of entropy
on groups (Hi)
–0.11 –0.19 –0.29 –0.35 –0.37 –0.22 –0.11 –0.15
Total value
of entropy (H)
0.94 1.79
Table 3. Calculation of entropy on single (for 1 year) indicators of plan targets performance on preparatory mine workings drivage
during 2012 – 2016
Index Year
Defragmentation of sampling on value groups
< 40.00
40.00 –
59.99
60.00 –
79.99
80.00 –
99.99
100.00 –
119.99
120.00 –
139.99
140.00 –
160.00
>160.00
The number
of observations
in group (n)
2012 2 10 28 45 68 17 7 27
2013 8 17 46 84 98 22 10 8
2014 14 27 43 67 93 23 5 7
2015 4 13 25 35 51 25 2 6
2016 5 11 21 49 58 16 4 4
Value of probability
for each group (Pi)
2012 0.01 0.05 0.14 0.22 0.34 0.08 0.03 0.13
2013 0.03 0.06 0.16 0.29 0.33 0.07 0.03 0.03
2014 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.24 0.33 0.08 0.02 0.03
2015 0.02 0.08 0.16 0.22 0.32 0.16 0.01 0.03
2016 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.29 0.35 0.09 0.02 0.02
Logarithm of
probability
of group (ln Pi)
2012 –4.61 –3.00 –1.97 –1.51 –1.08 –2.53 –3.51 –2.04
2013 –3.51 –2.81 –1.83 –1.24 –1.11 –2.66 –3.51 –3.51
2014 –3.00 –2.30 –1.90 –1.43 –1.11 –2.53 –3.91 –3.51
2015 –3.91 –2.53 –1.83 –1.51 –1.14 –1.83 –4.61 –3.51
2016 –3.51 –2.66 –2.04 –1.24 –1.05 –2.41 –3.91 –3.91
Value of entropy
on groups (Hi)
2012 –0.05 –0.15 –0.28 –0.33 –0.37 –0.20 –0.11 –0.26
2013 –0.11 –0.17 –0.29 –0.36 –0.37 –0.17 –0.11 –0.11
2014 –0.15 –0.23 –0.29 –0.34 –0.37 –0.20 –0.08 –0.11
2015 –0.08 –0.20 –0.29 –0.33 –0.36 –0.29 –0.05 –0.11
2016 –0.11 –0.19 –0.27 –0.36 –0.37 –0.22 –0.08 –0.08
Total value
of entropy (H)
2012 0.81 1.75
2013 0.93 1.69
2014 1.01 1.77
2015 0.90 1.71
2016 0.93 1.68
Table 4. Sampling of calculated values of entropy on a drivage
Period
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
< 40.00
40.00 – 60.00 – 80.00 – 100.00 – 120.00 – 140.00 –
>160.00
59.99 79.99 99.99 119.99 139.99 160.00
2012 –0.05 –0.15 –0.28 –0.33 –0.37 –0.20 –0.11 –0.26
2013 –0.11 –0.17 –0.29 –0.36 –0.37 –0.17 –0.11 –0.11
2014 –0.15 –0.23 –0.29 –0.34 –0.37 –0.20 –0.08 –0.11
2015 –0.08 –0.20 –0.29 –0.33 –0.36 –0.29 –0.05 –0.11
2016 –0.11 –0.19 –0.27 –0.36 –0.37 –0.22 –0.08 –0.08
Total on drivage –0.11 –0.19 –0.29 –0.35 –0.37 –0.22 –0.11 –0.15
V. Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, F. Cawood, V. Chervatiuk. (2017). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 11(2), 1-11
9
Figure 8. The schedule of probability of plan targets perfor-
mance on preparatory mine workings drivage during
2012 – 2016
Range from 0 to 40% are characterized by the greatest
uncertainty that confirms existence of weakly-predicted
situations that connected with sharp deterioration in min-
ing-and-geological conditions as follows from the sched-
ule that submitted on Figure 9.
Figure 9. The schedule of entropy values (uncertainty level) of
plan targets on preparatory mine workings drivage
The probability of approach of events of such plan is
equal to 6 – 15%. And here almost equal values of en-
tropy (uncertainty level) in the range from 40 to 100% of
plan performance for a drivage reflects an incorrect as-
sessment of a condition of technological space at the
level of planning. And, respectively, the probability of
failure to follow the plan as a result of such actions of
managers is equal to 36 – 45%.
For identification of the concrete reasons and defini-
tion of preparatory operations necessary for transfor-
mations of an algorithm of maintaining, it is necessary to
conduct analysis of influence of separate mining-and-ge-
ological and production factors.
Similar procedures of the analysis are performed also
for an assessment of a technological subspace of stoping
operations.
4. CONCLUSIONS
As a result of the executed analysis, it is established that
concepts of “sustainable development” and “economic se-
curity of the enterprise” are crossed in a set of definitions
and factors which form and reflect their essence. Being
guided by provisions of dialectic logic in a tandem these
phenomena, it is possible to consider at the same time as
process and as the mechanism of its providing.
It, in turn, means that planning of stoping and pre-
paratory operations demands optimization of analytical
procedures and an assessment of structure and condi-
tion of technological space of the enterprise. The re-
quired algorithm of changes of technological working
space has to:
– provide performance of planned targets on volumes,
types and quality of mine workings;
– conduct strict spatial and temporary coordination of
the planned works;
– provide maintenance for technological sequence
of changes of TSS1 and TSS2, not to allow its critical
deviations;
– provide continuous updating of TSS2 with taking
into account regulated breaks in changes of TSS2;
– provide planned loadings of mining sections in sub-
critical limits.
Adaptation activity at the enterprise always needs ei-
ther in current, or perspective resources. Practical ability
to conduct resource support of process of adaptation also
reflects, in fact, a possibility of ensuring economic secu-
rity of the enterprise. And as, in this case, the technologi-
cal subsystem of the coal mine is considered, so we will
talk about resource adaptation in aspect of process of tech-
nological safety ensuring of the enterprise.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors express gratitude for the help and consultations
during work performing for director of management of
coal mining of LLC “DTEK Energy” Mykhailo Barabash.
REFERENCES
Amoosha, О., Starichenko, L., & Cherevatskyi, D. (2013).
State, Main Problems and Prospects of the Ukraine Coal
Industry. NAS of Ukraine, The institute of the Economy of
Industry, 25-36.
Bondarenko, V., Hardygora, M., Symanovych, H., Sotskov, V.,
& Snihur, V. (2016). Numerical Methods of Geomechanics
Tasks Solution During Coal Deposits’ Development. Mining
of Mineral Deposits, 10(3), 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.15407/mining10.03.001
Chernyak, L. (2004). Adaptiruemost’ i adaptivnost’. Otkrytye
sistemy, SUDB, pp. 9. Retrieved from https://www.osp.ru/
os/2004/09/184560/
Dhookie, V.I. (2016). Impact of New Technologies in Hard
Rock Underground Mining Taking into Account Operational
Efficiencies and Production Rates. Mining of Mineral
Deposits, 10(4), 56-60.
https://doi.org/10.15407/mining10.04.056
Derun, I. (2016). Risk Identification in the Company’s Account-
ing System. Economic Annals-XXI, 159(5-6), 97-100.
https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v159-21
58
46 46
52
48
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
P
ro
ba
bi
li
ty
v
al
ue
, %
Period, year
-0.40
-0.35
-0.30
-0.25
-0.20
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10
E
nt
ro
py
v
al
ue
s
Value groups
2012 2013
2014 2015
2016 Total drivage
V. Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, F. Cawood, V. Chervatiuk. (2017). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 11(2), 1-11
10
Kharlamova, G., Nate, S., & Chernyak, O. (2016). Renewa-
ble Energy and Security for Ukraine: Challenge or Smart
Way? Journal of International Studies, 9(1), 88-115.
Khetagurova, T.G., & Khetagurova, I.Yu. (2013). Protsessy
adaptatsii gornykh predpriyatiy k izmeneniyam okruzhay-
ushchey sredy. Ustoychivoe Razvitie Rornykh Territoriy,
2(16), 97-99.
Kovalevska, I., Illiashov, M., Fomychov, V., & Chervatuk, V.
(2012). The Formation of the Finite-Element Model of the
System “Undermined Massif – Support of Stope”.
Geomechanical Processes During Underground Mining
2012, 73-79.
https://doi.org/10.1201/b13157-13
Rastrigin, L.A. (1981). Adaptatsiya slozhnykh sistem. Riga: Zinatne.
Salli, S., Mamaykin, O., & Smolanov, S. (2013). Inner Potential
of Technological Networks of Coal Mines. Mining of Min-
eral Deposits, 243-246.
https://doi.org/10.1201/b16354-46
Slobodchikova, O.A. (2016). Mechanism of Ensuring the Strate-
gic Sustainability of the Metallurgical Enterprise in Terms of
Restructuring. Economic Annals-XXI, (7-8), 44-46.
Trifonova, O.V. (2015). Upravlіnnia stіikym funktsіonuvanniam
vuhledobuvnykh pіdpryiemstv: teorіia ta praktyka.
Dnіpropetrovsk: Natsіonalnyi hіrnychyi unіversytet.
Vorotnikov, V. (2014). Ukraine Coal Industry Captured by the
Ongoing Armed Conflict. Coal Age, 119(10), 38-39.
ABSTRACT (IN UKRAINIAN)
Мета. Обґрунтування концептуальної бази пошуку шляхів запобігання загрозам сталого розвитку
вугільних підприємств при наявності різноспрямованих векторів економічного тиску зовнішнього
середовища.
Методика. Для вирішення поставлених у роботі завдань використані методи структурно-порівняльного
аналізу – для оцінки використання основних дефініцій дослідження, їх сутності та зв’язку з іншими категорі-
ями, які визначають ефективність розвитку вугільного підприємства; групування й класифікації – для систе-
матизації видів економічної безпеки і стійкості підприємства, а також факторів, які їх обумовлюють.
Результати. Проведено аналіз основних визначень, що відображають сутність таких наукових феноменів,
як “сталий розвиток” і “економічна безпека” підприємства. Обґрунтована актуальність та доцільність прове-
дення наукових досліджень з формування методичної бази й інструментарію оцінки технологічної складової
безпеки сталого розвитку вугільних підприємств.
Наукова новизна. Дослідження можливостей створення комплексних програм адаптивного управління
гірничим підприємством, що включають ретроспективну і перспективну оцінки траєкторії його розвитку.
Практична значимість. Впровадження адаптаційної діяльності на вугільних підприємствах в аспекті про-
цесу забезпечення технологічної безпеки.
Ключові слова: вугільне підприємство, технологічна безпека, економічна стійкість, стійке функціону-
вання
ABSTRACT (IN RUSSIAN)
Цель. Обоснование концептуальной базы поиска путей предотвращения угроз устойчивому развитию
угольных предприятий при наличии разнонаправленных векторов экономического давления внешней
среды.
Методика. Для решения поставленных в работе задач использованы методы структурно-сравнительного
анализа – для оценки использования основных дефиниций исследования, их сущности и связи с другими кате-
гориями, которые определяют эффективность развития угольного предприятия; группировки и классификации
– для систематизации видов экономической безопасности и устойчивости предприятия, а также факторов, ко-
торые их обусловливают.
Результаты. Проведен анализ основных определений, отражающих сущность таких научных феноменов,
как “устойчивое развитие” и “экономическая безопасность” предприятия. Обоснована актуальность и целесо-
образность проведения научных исследований по формированию методической базы и инструментария оценки
технологической составляющей безопасности устойчивого развития угольных предприятий.
Научная новизна. Исследование возможностей создания комплексных программ адаптивного управления
горным предприятием, включающих ретроспективную и перспективную оценку траектории его развития.
Практическая значимость. Внедрение адаптационной деятельности на угольных предприятиях в аспекте
процесса обеспечения технологической безопасности.
Ключевые слова: угольное предприятие, технологическая безопасность, экономическая устойчивость,
устойчивое функционирование
ARTICLE INFO
Received: 26 December 2016
Accepted: 14 April 2017
Available online: 30 June 2017
V. Bondarenko, V. Cherniak, F. Cawood, V. Chervatiuk. (2017). Mining of Mineral Deposits, 11(2), 1-11
11
ABOUT AUTHORS
Volodymyr Bondarenko, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of the Underground Mining Department, National Min-
ing University, 19 Yavornytskoho Ave., 4/56, 49005, Dnipro, Ukraine. E-mail: v_domna@yahoo.com
Volodymyr Cherniak, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Production Sphere Management
Department, National Mining University, 19 Yavornytskoho Ave., 4/99, 49005, Dnipro, Ukraine. E-mail:
vi_chernyak@ukr.net
Frederick Cawood, Doctor of Philosophy, Director of the Wits Mining Research Institute, University of the Witwa-
tersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Ave., 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa. E-mail: Frederick.Cawood@wits.ac.za
Volodymyr Chervatiuk, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Deputy Director for Production of the LLC “DTEK Energy”,
57 Lva Tolstoho St, 01032, Kyiv, Ukraine. E-mail: ChervatyukVG@dtek.com
|