Тhe use of ozone technologies in grain storage
The results of experimental studies of toxicogenic fungi activity inhibition at various ozone concentration and doses by ozone-air mixture, which were carried out at the developed and manufactured experimental stand are given. The ozone inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi infection Aspergillus...
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irk-123456789-1473562019-02-15T01:25:30Z Тhe use of ozone technologies in grain storage Golota, V.I. Taran, G.V. Zamuriev, А.А. Opalev, P.O. Pugach, S.G. Mankovskyi, S.N. Petrenkova, V.P. Nyska, I.N. Плазменно-пучковый разряд, газовый разряд и плазмохимия The results of experimental studies of toxicogenic fungi activity inhibition at various ozone concentration and doses by ozone-air mixture, which were carried out at the developed and manufactured experimental stand are given. The ozone inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi infection Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium nordicum is defined. The ozone-air mixture ability to limit the mold fungi development on the wheat and barley grains during their storage is shown. Наведено результати експериментальних досліджень пригнічення озоно-повітряною сумішшю активності токсигенних грибів при різних концентраціях і дозах озону, які проведені на розробленому і виготовленому експериментальному стенді. Визначено ингібіруючий вплив озону на розвиток грибкової інфекції Aspergillus flavus і Penicillium nordicum. Показана здатність озоно-повітряної суміші пригнічувати розвиток плісеневих грибів на зерні пшениці і ячменю під час їх зберігання. Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований подавления озоно-воздушной смесью активности токсигенных грибов при различных концентрациях и дозах озона, которые проведены на разработанном и изготовленном экспериментальном стенде. Определено ингибирующее воздействие озона на развитие грибной инфекции Aspergillus flavus и Penicillium nordicum. Показана способность озоно-воздушной смеси подавлять развитие плесневых грибов на зерне пшеницы и ячменя во время их хранения. 2018 Article Тhe use of ozone technologies in grain storage / V.I. Golota, G.V. Taran, А.А. Zamuriev, P.O. Opalev, S.G. Pugach, S.N. Mankovskyi, V.P. Petrenkova, I.N. Nyska // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2018. — № 4. — С. 185-188. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.75.-d, 52.77.-j, 81.20.-n http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/147356 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Плазменно-пучковый разряд, газовый разряд и плазмохимия Плазменно-пучковый разряд, газовый разряд и плазмохимия |
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Плазменно-пучковый разряд, газовый разряд и плазмохимия Плазменно-пучковый разряд, газовый разряд и плазмохимия Golota, V.I. Taran, G.V. Zamuriev, А.А. Opalev, P.O. Pugach, S.G. Mankovskyi, S.N. Petrenkova, V.P. Nyska, I.N. Тhe use of ozone technologies in grain storage Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description |
The results of experimental studies of toxicogenic fungi activity inhibition at various ozone concentration and
doses by ozone-air mixture, which were carried out at the developed and manufactured experimental stand are given. The ozone inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi infection Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium nordicum is defined. The ozone-air mixture ability to limit the mold fungi development on the wheat and barley grains during their
storage is shown. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Golota, V.I. Taran, G.V. Zamuriev, А.А. Opalev, P.O. Pugach, S.G. Mankovskyi, S.N. Petrenkova, V.P. Nyska, I.N. |
| author_facet |
Golota, V.I. Taran, G.V. Zamuriev, А.А. Opalev, P.O. Pugach, S.G. Mankovskyi, S.N. Petrenkova, V.P. Nyska, I.N. |
| author_sort |
Golota, V.I. |
| title |
Тhe use of ozone technologies in grain storage |
| title_short |
Тhe use of ozone technologies in grain storage |
| title_full |
Тhe use of ozone technologies in grain storage |
| title_fullStr |
Тhe use of ozone technologies in grain storage |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Тhe use of ozone technologies in grain storage |
| title_sort |
тhe use of ozone technologies in grain storage |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| topic_facet |
Плазменно-пучковый разряд, газовый разряд и плазмохимия |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/147356 |
| citation_txt |
Тhe use of ozone technologies in grain storage / V.I. Golota, G.V. Taran, А.А. Zamuriev, P.O. Opalev, S.G. Pugach, S.N. Mankovskyi, V.P. Petrenkova, I.N. Nyska // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2018. — № 4. — С. 185-188. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. |
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Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| fulltext |
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2018. №4(116) 185
THE USE OF OZONE TECHNOLOGIES IN GRAIN STORAGE
V.I. Golota1, G.V. Taran1, А.А. Zamuriev1, P.O. Opalev1, S.G. Pugach1, S.N. Mankovskyi1,
V.P. Petrenkova2, I.N. Nyska2
1National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkov, Ukraine;
2Plant Production Institute named A. V.Ya. Yuryev of NAAS, Kharkov, Ukraine
The results of experimental studies of toxicogenic fungi activity inhibition at various ozone concentration and
doses by ozone-air mixture, which were carried out at the developed and manufactured experimental stand are giv-
en. The ozone inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi infection Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium nordicum is de-
fined. The ozone-air mixture ability to limit the mold fungi development on the wheat and barley grains during their
storage is shown.
PACS: 52.75.-d, 52.77.-j, 81.20.-n
INTRODUCTION
The grain production in Ukraine is the traditional
direction in agriculture. “Seed of Ukraine” program is
provided to reach the level of annual output about 80
million Tons. [1]. Meanwhile because of high diseases
and pests progression the potential harvest losses can
reach 15…30%, and in the years of epifitotiyny pro-
gression they can make 50% [2]. Except real harvest
loss the phytopathogens can produce toxins, therefore
grain is not suitable for eating and animal feeding.
Therefore the optimization of seeding phytosanitary
state is the considerable reserve for increase in grain
production and for saving its quality.
Grain which is put on storage in elevators must satis-
fy safety and qualities requirements according to DSTU
3768-2010 “Wheat. Technical conditions” [3]. It has to
be free from toxins which were created as a result of
pathogenic microorganisms activity because these food
raw materials ares used for grain, torments, beer manu-
facture and etc. The problem of mycotoxins still re-
mains worldwide relevant. As toxins are low-molecular
substances, they can spread quickly to the cells of plant
affected parts and can kill even those cells which are far
from the place of microorganism effect [4].
The annual loss from the mold fungi growth on the
agricultural products and the industrial raw materials in
the world exceeds 30 billion US dollars [5]. The signifi-
cant threat is posed by known now fungi sorts of mold
microorganisms which met in grain raw materials such
as Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria.
Therefore the limiting of fungi infection development
on grain during its storage on elevators is one of the
effective methods of toxins content minimization in
food parties of grain weight.
There are many ways in agriculture to restrict the in-
fection growth on grain, in particular, mechanical, phys-
ical, chemical, biological, physical, chemical and others.
By the experimental works of certain authors, it is
proved poor efficiency of these methods, the significant
spending of time for their realization, and that some of
them are dangerous for environment, people and ani-
mals [6]. Chemical methods are limited to grain pro-
cessing by oxidizers solutions and strongacids or alkalis
that leads to mycotoxins destruction, but at the same
time the most part of useful product elements are de-
stroyed too. The analysis of these methods of fungi in-
fection growth restriction on grain during its storage on
elevators gives a reason to admit the importance of such
questions as research and development of modern, effi-
cient, low-cost, safe methods of grain masses detoxicat-
ing, as an example the using of ozone-air mixtures.
Ozone is the strong oxidizer which is used in many
technical applications for fight with harmful microbes
and volatiles.
Within implementation of the MycoKey project ac-
cording to the European Horizon 2020 program the re-
search problem of ozone-air mixture influence on a
pathogenic fungi infection of such sorts as Aspergillus
and Penicillium was set. Therefore, the purpose of the
carried out researches was the definition of ozone-air
mixture influence on growth of fungi infection of sorts
Aspergillus and Penicillium in pure culture and on
wheat and barley grains, that was infected in vitro.
For purpose achievement such tasks were carried
out: the stand, intended for fungi mycelium treatment on
pure culture, placed in Petri dishes, and on small parties
of the infected grain (to 3 kg), was developed and man-
ufactured; the patogenicity of fungi strains, sorts Asper-
gillus flavus and Penicillium nordicum, which were re-
ceived from our colleagues from Valencia's (Spain)
University was defined; the optimal concentration in
ozone-air mixture and ozone dose for fungi mycelium
growth restriction in pure culture and on wheat and bar-
ley grains infected in vitro by spores of Aspergillus fla-
vus and Penicillium nordicum was determined.
METOD AND EXPERIMENT
The studies were carried out in the laboratory condi-
tions of plant immunity to diseases and pests of the
Plant Production Institute nd. A.V.Ya. Yuryev of NAAS
and at the department of nonequilibrium low-
temperature plasma chemistry in NSC “Kharkov Insti-
tute of Physics and Technology” NAS of Ukraine.
The methods of pure culture for fungi selection and
subculture [7], the seeds analysis for detection of exter-
nal infection [8], a microscopy for definition of fungi
species were used. The options of pure fungi culture
treatment by ozone-air mixture used such ozone concen-
tration: 0.04, 0.1, 0.5 g O3/m3 with exposure time 4, 24,
48, 72, 168 hours. The infected grain was processed by
ozone-air mixture with concentration 0.1 g O3/m3 and
exposure time 8, 24, 48 and 72 h. Three-time iteration
was carried out. The grain masses which were used in
researches belong to a harvest of 2016.
The grain and pure fungi culture was treated at the
“Ozone-agro-1L” stand. The Ozone-agro 1L stand con-
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2018. №4(116) 186
sists of following function boxes: an air compressor
with efficiency up to 50 l/min and with a maximal pres-
sure up to 12.7 kPa, company Secoh sangyo (Japan), a
gas loss meter (SM-4 GU3 type), the laboratory ozone
generator “Ozone-agro-1L”, ozone concentration me-
ters, company Teledyne instruments (USA), model
454H with the ozone concentration measurement range
0.1…100 g/m3 and Ozone Solutions (USA) the ES
model − 600 with the ozone concentration measurement
range 0.01…0.1 g/m3, the laboratory camera for sam-
ples placement and ozone destructor, Figs. 1, 2.
The barrier-free ozonizer on a streamer discharge of
atmospheric pressure [9] which was made durimg im-
plementation of the MycoKey project according to the
European Horizon 2020 [10] program was used for
ozone synthesis. It has obvious advantages over barrier
ozonizers for application in agriculture. First of all it is
their low sensitivity to the water vapor content in the
reacting gas, no need for high-precision accuracy of
electrode system assembly, no need for water cooling of
electrodes, low resistance to gas mixture hesitation
pumping through the ozone generator module. They can
stably produce ozone from ordinary atmospheric air for
a long period (without use of special air preparation
system) with ozone-air mixture parameters necessary
for grain treatment.
Fig. 1. Function boxes block diagram
of the laboratory stand “Оzone-agro 1L”
The laboratory stand “Ozone-agro 1L” is on Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. The laboratory stand “Оzone-agro 1L”
Grain, infected with fungi infection, sorts Aspergil-
lus flavus and Penicillium nordicum, for treatment in the
experimental camera was placed on a lattice surface,
under which the camera was fed by the ozone-air mix-
ture, that uniformly spread throughout the volume.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
As a result of carried out studies about definition of
ozone-air mixture influence on microorganisms vital
activity in pure three and seven-day culture the efficien-
cy of ozone treatment with the corresponding exposure
time that led to a lethal fungi mycelium distraction was
defined. That is at the repeated fungi subculture on a
medium (in 7 days after ozone treatment) the total loss
of their ability to sprouting is noted (Table 1).
Table 1
Ozone-air mixture influence on pathogenic
microorganisms vital activity in pure culture
Micro-
organism
Fungi
age,
days
Treatment
mode Fungi morphological features
concen-
tration,
g О3/m3
exposure
time,
year
straight
after
ozone
treatment
in 7 days
after
ozone
treatment
in 7 days
after
subculture
Aspergil-
lus
flavus
3
0.1 4
mycelium
turned
white
and
dried up
turned
green sprouted
0.1 24 turned
green sprouted
0.1 48 white, dry not
sprouted
0.1 72 white, dry not
sprouted
0.5 4 turned
green sprouted
Aspergil-
lus
flavus
7
0.04 72
mycelium
turned
white
and
dried up
white, dry not
sprouted
0.1 24 white, dry not
sprouted
0.1 168 white, dry not
sprouted
0.5 168 white, dry not
sprouted
Penicil-
lium
nordicum
3
0.1 24 mycelium
turned
white and
dried up
turned
green sprouted
0.1 48 white, dry not
sprouted
0.1 72 white, dry not
sprouted
Penicil-
lium
nordicum
7
0.04 72 mycelium
turned
white
and
dried up
white, dry not
sprouted
0.1 5 turned
green sprouted
0.1 72 white, dry not
sprouted
Ozone lethal effect on three-day culture Aspergillus
flavus is defined in option with ozone concentration in
mixture 0.1 g/m3 during 48 and 72 hours. Smaller expo-
sure time of ozone influence (4 and 24 hours) and also a
low dose (0.5 g O3/m3 during 4 hours) were ineffective
because didn’t depress fungi germination ability after its
subculture on a medium in 7 days after treatment. The
selected options of seven-day Aspergillus flavus culture
treatment by ozone-air mixture had a lethal outcome on
fungi, as its germination at repeated subculture wasn’t
noted. As for Penicillium nordicum vital activity after
impact on three-day pure culture by ozone-air mixture
the lethal concentration 0.1 g O3/m3 with exposure time
48 and 72 hours is defined. The seven-day culture of
this fungi was depressed by ozone concentration 0.04
and 0.1 g/m3 with exposure time 72 hours [11].
As a result of researches of mold fungi growth limit-
ing on wheat and barley grain raw materials the effec-
tive conditions of treatment by ozone-air mixture, which
depressed development of the pathogenic microorgan-
isms cultivated on simulated medium and put on grain
in vitro was determined.
Treatment of wheat and barley samples, which were
infected in vitro with a fungi infection Aspergillus fla-
vus was carried out by ozone-air mixture with ozone
concentration 0.1 g/m3 in the model of an elevator silo,
with ozone-air mixture feeding from center to periphery.
The mixture consumption made 0.5 m3/hour. Samples
selection was carried out after 2, 4 and 6 days of treat-
ment. Samples were placed in the thermostat and kept at
the temperature 25°C and humidity 90%. The registra-
tion of grain affection was carried out on 3 and 7 days.
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2018. №4(116) 187
Data on barley affection are presented in the Fig. 3, and
wheat − in the Fig. 4.
Ozone treatment of contaminated barley by
Aspergillus flavus strain
100
79
25
7
100
81
32 29
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
control 2 days 4 days 6 days
days of
ozone treament
% contaiminated
grain
3 days after treatment
7 days after treatment
Fig. 3. Ozone-air mixture influence on barley grain
affection by fungi infection Aspergillus flavus
on 3 and 7 day after embedding into the thermostat
From the schedule in the Fig. 3 the conclusion can
be made that barley affection decreases by 3-4 times
with treatment duration more than 3 days and slightly
depends on growth time of fungi infection Aspergillus
flavus. However, the grain seeding significantly depends
on its growth time while treating during more than 5
days (7 and 29%).
Ozone treatment of contaminated wheat by
Aspergillus flavus strain
82
16
8
3
100 99
53
38
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
control 2 days 4 days 6 days
days of
ozone treament
% contaiminated
grain
3 days after treatment
7 days after treatment
Fig. 4. Ozone-air mixture influence on wheat grain
affection by fungi infection Aspergillus flavus
on 3 and 7 days after embedding into the thermostat
From the schedule in the figure 4 the conclusion can
be made that wheat affection significantly depends on
growth time of fungi infection and, for example, makes
less than 10% from monitoring after 4 days’ treatment
and 3 days’ growth, and more than 50% − after 7 days
of fungi infection Aspergillus flavus growth.
For barley samples treatment, which were infected
with fungi infection Penicillium nordicum in vitro the
ozone-air mixture was fed from the center to the periph-
ery with ozone concentration 0.1 g/m3 in the model of
elevator silo. The mixture consumption made 0.5 m3/h.
Samples selection was carried out after 2, 4 and 6 days
of treatment.
Experiment procedure is the same, as for research of
fungi infection Aspergillus flavus affection. Data on
barley affection are presented in the Fig. 5.
From the schedule in the Fig. 5 the conclusion can
be made that at smaller initial activity of fungi infection
in control samples (37 and 64%), the barley affection by
fungi infection Penicillium nordicum decreased in 3-
4 times after 3 and 7 days germination.
Ozone treatment of contaminated barley by
Penicillium nordicum strain
37
10 8 6
64
30
22
16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
control 2 days 4 days 6 days
days of
ozone treament
% contaiminated
grain
3 day after treatment
7 day after treatment
Fig. 5. Ozone-air mixture influence on wheat grain
affection by fungi infection Penicillium nordicum
on 3 and 7 day after embedding into the thermostat
For determination of fungi infection Aspergillus fla-
vus activity after wheat and barley seed samples treat-
ment by ozone-air mixture the experiment on flushing
subculture on a medium was carried out. For this pur-
pose, from the barley and wheat seeds infected with the
Aspergillus flavus pathogen and treated by ozone was
made a spores flushing and received suspensions injec-
tion on pure nutrient medium (KGA). On the 3rd day
the measurements of colonies growth were carried out.
The results of fungi infection colonies count in 7 days
after subculture are given in Table 2.
Table 2
Development of fungi infection Aspergillus flavus
colonies after flushing from the wheat and barley seed
samples treated by ozone-air mixture
Treatment options
fungi colonies diameter,
mm
barley wheat
monitoring 30 24
2 days 11.5 10.6
4 days 12.3 10.8
6 days 12 13
From Table 2 one can see that diameter of fungi col-
onies, treated by ozone-air mixture, is twice smaller in
comparison with untreated.
CONCLUSIONS
The laboratory stand for research of possibility to
suppress the toxicogenic fungi activity by ozone-air
mixture during wheat and barley seed storage is devel-
oped and manufactured. Ozone concentration at the
ozone generator output can be regulated from 0.05 g/m³
to 1 g/m³.
The efficient inhibition of ozone-air mixtures on
pathogenic organisms Aspergillus flavus and Penicilli-
um nordicum growth in pure culture at cultivation on
the simulated medium (KGA) is defined.
The lethal effect on the three-day Aspergillus flavus
culture was provided by barley and wheat seed samples
treatment by ozone-air mixture with ozone concentra-
tion 0.1 g/m3 during 48 hours and 72 hours, on seven-
day − 0.04 g O3/m3 with exposure time 72 hours and
0.1 g O3/m3, 24 hours. The vital activity of three-day
Penicillium nordicum culture was suppressed by ozone-
air mixture with ozone concentration 0.04 g/m3 during
72 hours and 0.1 g O3/m3 − 48 hours, and seven-day
0.04 and 0.1 g O3/m3 with the same explosure time 24
hours.
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2018. №4(116) 188
On grain samples infected by fungi infection, both
Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium nordicum, the effi-
cient influence on inhibition of infection growth (by 3-4
times) is defined by ozone-air mixture treatment with
ozone concentration 0.1 g/m3 and the exposure time not
less than 72 hours.
Thus, the ozone-air mixture ability to suppress the
mold fungi growth on wheat and barley grain confirms
the opportunity to use this technology for grain storage
on elevators.
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hibitor of pathogens Aspergillus flavus and Penicil-
lium nordicum growth // International scientific and
practical conference “Fundamental and applied
problems of modern ecology and plant protection”,
Kharkov, 14-15/09/2017, p. 84-86
Article received 15.06.2018
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ОЗОНОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПРИ ХРАНЕНИИ ЗЕРНА
B.И. Голота, Г.В. Таран, А.А. Замуриев, П.О. Опалев, С.Г. Пугач, С.Н. Маньковский,
В.П. Петренкова, И.Н. Ниска
Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований подавления озоно-воздушной смесью активно-
сти токсигенных грибов при различных концентрациях и дозах озона, которые проведены на разработанном
и изготовленном экспериментальном стенде. Определено ингибирующее воздействие озона на развитие
грибной инфекции Aspergillus flavus и Penicillium nordicum. Показана способность озоно-воздушной смеси
подавлять развитие плесневых грибов на зерне пшеницы и ячменя во время их хранения.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ОЗОНОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ПРИ ЗБЕРІГАННІ ЗЕРНА
B.І. Голота, Г.В. Таран, О.О. Замурієв, П.О. Опалєв, С.Г. Пугач, С.М. Маньковський,
В.П. Петренкова, I.М. Ниска
Наведено результати експериментальних досліджень пригнічення озоно-повітряною сумішшю активнос-
ті токсигенних грибів при різних концентраціях і дозах озону, які проведені на розробленому і виготовлено-
му експериментальному стенді. Визначено ингібіруючий вплив озону на розвиток грибкової інфекції
Aspergillus flavus і Penicillium nordicum. Показана здатність озоно-повітряної суміші пригнічувати розвиток
плісеневих грибів на зерні пшениці і ячменю під час їх зберігання.
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