Biological mutagenes and their role in the natural mutation process
Two sets of lethal mutations in chromosome 2 of Drosophila melanogaster have been tested for allelism: lethals induced by viruses and exogenous DNA and those found in different natural populations or arising de novo in the progeny of wild-type flies. It was concluded that the mutagenic effect of dif...
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Інститут молекулярної біології і генетики НАН України
1995
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| Zitieren: | Biological mutagenes and their role in the natural mutation process / Yu.N. Alexandrov, M.D. Golubovsky // Биополимеры и клетка. — 1995. — Т. 11, № 5. — С. 24-27. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-1561872019-06-19T01:30:42Z Biological mutagenes and their role in the natural mutation process Alexandrov, Yu.N. Golubovsky, M.D. Two sets of lethal mutations in chromosome 2 of Drosophila melanogaster have been tested for allelism: lethals induced by viruses and exogenous DNA and those found in different natural populations or arising de novo in the progeny of wild-type flies. It was concluded that the mutagenic effect of different viruses and other sources of DNA, exogenous for the host cells, is to induce single-locus and multiple mutations, which can spread throughout natural populations. Certain population-genetical consequences of the data obtained are discussed, and in particular, the position that during virus-induced mutagenesis, similar multiple chromosome lesions can occur repeatedly and independently in isolated populations of flies a result of a single mutation event. Здійснено тест на алелізм між двома наборами летальних мутацій 2-ї хромосоми Drosophila melanogaster, індукованих вірусами і екзогенною ДНК і виявлених в різних природних популяціях у потомстві мух дикого типу. Зроблено висновок про те, що мутагенна дія різних вірусів і інших джерел екзогенної для клітин-хазяїв ДНК викликає появу однолокусних і множинних мутацій, здатних розповсюджуватися у природних популяціях. Обговорюються деякі популяційно-генетичні наслідки, які випли вають із отриманих даних, зокрема, положення про те, що при вірусному мутагенезі схожі множинні хромосоми можуть виникати багаторазово і незалежним чином у віддалених популяціях мух за рахунок одного мутаційного акту. Проведен тест на аллелизм между двумя наборами летальных мутаций 2-й хромосомы Drosophila melanogaster, индуцированных вирусами и экзогенной ДНК и обнаруженных в разных природных популяциях в потомстве мух дикого типа. Сделан вывод о том, что мутагенное действие разных вирусов и других источников экзогенной для клеток-хозяев ДНК вызывает появление однолокусных и множественных мутаций, способных распространяться в природных популяциях. Обсуждены некоторые популяционно-генетические следствия, вытекающие из полученных данных, в частности, положения о том, что при вирусном мутагенезе сходные множественные повреждения хромосом могут возникать многократно и независимым образом в удаленных популяциях мух за счет одного мутационного акта. 1995 Article Biological mutagenes and their role in the natural mutation process / Yu.N. Alexandrov, M.D. Golubovsky // Биополимеры и клетка. — 1995. — Т. 11, № 5. — С. 24-27. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. 0233-7657 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.0003F7 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/156187 575.17 en Биополимеры и клетка Інститут молекулярної біології і генетики НАН України |
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Two sets of lethal mutations in chromosome 2 of Drosophila melanogaster have been tested for allelism: lethals induced by viruses and exogenous DNA and those found in different natural populations or arising de novo in the progeny of wild-type flies. It was concluded that the mutagenic effect of different viruses and other sources of DNA, exogenous for the host cells, is to induce single-locus and multiple mutations, which can spread throughout natural populations. Certain population-genetical consequences of the data obtained are discussed, and in particular, the position that during virus-induced mutagenesis, similar multiple chromosome lesions can occur repeatedly and independently in isolated populations of flies a result of a single mutation event. |
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Alexandrov, Yu.N. Golubovsky, M.D. |
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Alexandrov, Yu.N. Golubovsky, M.D. Biological mutagenes and their role in the natural mutation process Биополимеры и клетка |
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Alexandrov, Yu.N. Golubovsky, M.D. |
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Alexandrov, Yu.N. |
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Biological mutagenes and their role in the natural mutation process |
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Biological mutagenes and their role in the natural mutation process |
| title_full |
Biological mutagenes and their role in the natural mutation process |
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Biological mutagenes and their role in the natural mutation process |
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Biological mutagenes and their role in the natural mutation process |
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biological mutagenes and their role in the natural mutation process |
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Інститут молекулярної біології і генетики НАН України |
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1995 |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/156187 |
| citation_txt |
Biological mutagenes and their role in the natural mutation process / Yu.N. Alexandrov, M.D. Golubovsky // Биополимеры и клетка. — 1995. — Т. 11, № 5. — С. 24-27. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
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Биополимеры и клетка |
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2025-07-14T08:31:58Z |
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1837610500892917760 |
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УДК 575.17
Yu. N. Alexandrov, M. D. Golubovsky
BIOLOGICAL MUTAGENES AND THEIR ROLE
IN THE NATURAL MUTATION PROCESS
Two sets of lethal mutations in chromosome 2 of Drosophila melanogaster have been
tested for alletism: lethals induced by viruses and exogenous DNA and those found in
different natural populations or arising de novo in the progeny of wild-type flies. It
was concluded that the mutagenic effect of different viruses and other sources of DNA,
exogenous for the host cells, is to induce single-locus and multiple mutations, which
can spread throughout natural populations. Certain population-genetical consequences
of the data obtained are discussed, and in particular, the position that during virus-in
duced mutagenesis, similar multiple chromosome lesions can occur repeatedly and in
dependently in isolated populations of flies a result of a single mutation event.
A long-term analysis of the appearance of mutations and their distribu
tion in geographically isolated populations of Drosophila indicated that
biocenotic interactions of viruses (and their genomic components) with
the host genome could serve not only as a powerful selective factor, but
could also lead to an intensification of the rate of the mutation process
and to the activation of mobile elements of the genome [1, 2]. A many-
sided investigation of the mutagenic effect of exogenous DNA and dif
ferent viruses, noninfectious for Drosophila, led to the same conclu
sion [3—5].
From the viewpoint of population and evolutionary genetics, it is
not only the principle of virus and exogenous DNA mutagenicity, firmly
established by many works which is interesting, but also the direct de
termination of which kind of hereditary changes, associated with the ef
fect of these factors, are distributed in natural populations. The possibi
lity of answering this question appeared after comparing two sets of se
cond chromosome lethals obtained and analyzed during many years in
two fabofatories: (a) induced by DNA and RNA viruses and foreign
DNA [4, 5] and (b) isolated from natural populations in the USSR fl] .
The suitability of an investigation of lethals in the case of Drosophila
for these purposes is obvious, since lethals represent an objectively re-
gisterable class of mutations, which occur in not less than 80 % of loci
in the genome. Moreover, reasonable simple methods are available, which
make it possible to isolate and localize lethals in a particular chromo
some, and to study their allelic relationships. So both sets of lethals we
re studied for allelism and some of them were localized.
The mutagenic effect both of various viruses noninfectious for Dro
sophila and foreign DNA is characterized bv strong site-specificity. Ana
lysis of even small samples consisting of 15—20 lethal chromosomes
shows comnlex allelic reactions and high allelism freauency. The mutati
ons occur in definite grouos of loci specific for each agent tested [5].
The chromosomes with lethal defects in many sites (multilethal) appear
regularly (see Fig. 1). The mutant loci are either clustered or dispersed
among the chromosome.
On the contrary, allelic relations of large grouns of lethals isolated
from nature are rather simple. The mutations usually aopear in a great
number of loci. Some lethals, however, have been found reneatedly both
within one population and among adjacent ones. The multilethal chro-
© Yu. N. ALEXANDROV. M. D. GOLUBOVSKY. 1995
24 ISSN 0233-7657. БИОПОЛИМЕРЫ И КЛЕТКА. 1995. Т. 11. № 5
mosomes were also isolated (see Fig. 2). Among these groups of natu
ral lethals wee found allelism with the lethals induced by viruses and
foreign DNA (see Table).
The main conclusion are: (1) mutagenic action of different viral
agents and foreign DNA sources causes the multisite mutations which
may be distributed in natural populations; and (2) this form of muta
genesis is similar to the action of movable genetic elements [7—9]. In
both cases the site-specific
chromosomal lesions (inclu
ding rearrangements) may
occur due to single mutation
events. Similar multisite mu
tations may appear repeated
ly and independently in iso
lated populations.
Thus viruses and vario
us types of DNA-carriers
when entering the eukaryo-
tic genome, can sharply in
tensity the rate of mutagene
sis, can lead to site-specific
multiple chromosome lesions,
Fig. 1. Diallelic crosses between
19 second chromocomes in which
lethals were induced by addition of
influenza virus in food. Allelism
is shown by black squares. Allelic
relationships are complex; their
interpretation is given at left. Mu
tations occur in 12 loci; 8 chro
mosomes are multilethal and have
2—5 lethals in different loci. The
order of loci is given here arbi
trarily. Chromosomes 52 and 32
are dilethal. So among 19 lethal
chromosomes 10 are multilethal;
they occur due to single mutatio
nal events
Results of a test for allelism between two groups of lethal mutations (induced
by viruses and exogenous DNA and those frequently met in natural populations
of Drosophila) *
Mutagen **
Number of
chromosomes
with induced
lethals taken
in the experi -
ment
Number о f
cases of
a l le l i sm
Information about natural lethal chromoso
mes which displayed al lel ism
Index, populat ion, year
Included in
the group of
mult i le thals
Algophage (DNA) 8
Influenza virus (RNA) 10
Herring DNA 10
Calf thymus DNA 29
Picornavirus C*** 5
Drosophila DNA 10
Total 72
237, 264, Dilizhan, 1964 Yes
2
2
5
1
11
247,
137,
305,
97,
121,
181,
587,
108,
.
255
654,
Dilizhan
Uman,
Uman,
Uman,
Uman,
Uman,
Uman,
Uman,
.
, 1964
1963
1965
1963
1963
1963
1967
1963
»
:»
No
Yes
No
Yes
»
»
__
* In the test for aUeUsm we compared 64 chromosomes with lethals, frequently
met in natural populations, with the indicated samples of induced lethals in 72-64-4608
crosses; ** In brackets we indicate the nucleic acid of the particular virus; ***. The
lethal mutations were isolates in the progeny of flies infected with picornavirus subtype
C, pathogenic for Drosophila [6].
ISSLN 0233-7ЧІ57. БИОПОЛИМЕРЫ II КЛЕТКА. 1УУ5. Т. П. № 5 25
and can induce instability of the genes. It becomes increasingly obvious
that the interaction of various DNA- and RNA-carriers plays a substan
tial role in the natural mutation process [10]. Having presented this vi
ewpoint, we are able to explain a series of baffling phenomena in popula
tion genetics and cytogenetics: the mode of mutation in particular genes,
Fig. 2. Diallelic crosses between 34 chromosomes with lethals isolated from a natural
population in Dilizhan (Armenia) in 1964. Allelic relationships as a rule are simple.
One exclusion is shown at left. Chromosome 233 contains two closely linked lethals;
both of them were allelic to the virus induced mutations (see Table). Chromosome 255
carries a short inversion on the right arm, In (2R); 51 A; 57B
which arises synchronously in remote regions; outburst of mutability ac
companied by the appearance of multiple unstable alleles; the presence of
similar multiple crossovers in different parts of an area occupied by the
species, etc. We arrive at biocenotic and at the hypothesis that the main
factor in the natural mutational process is the interaction of components
of the biocenosis.
Ю. M. Александров, М. Д. Голубовський
БІОЛОГІЧНІ МУТАГЕНИ ТА ЇХ РОЛЬ
У ПРИРОДНОМУ МУТАЦІЙНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ
Р е з ю м е
Здійснено тест на алелізм між двома наборами летальних мутацій 2-ї хромосоми Dro-
sophila melanogaster, індукованих вірусами і екзогенною ДНК і виявлених в різних
природних популяціях у потомстві мух дикого типу. Зроблено висновок про те, що
мутагенна дія різних вірусів і інших джерел екзогенної для клітин-хазяїв ДНК ви
кликає появу однолокусних і множинних мутацій, здатних розповсюджуватися у при
родних популяціях. Обговорюються деякі популяційно-генетичні наслідки, які випли
вають із отриманих даних, зокрема, положення про те, що при вірусному мутагенезі
схожі множинні хромосоми можуть виникати багаторазово і незалежним чином у
віддалених популяціях мух за рахунок одного мутаційного акту.
26 ISSN 0233-7657. БИОПОЛИМЕРЫ И КЛЕТКА. 1995. Т. П. № 5
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