Age and sexual variation of morphometric traits in Darevskia lindholmi, Szczerbak, 1962 (Sauria, Lacertidae, Darevskia)
Based on results obtained by investigation of morphological differentiation of individuals of different age and sex, a highly correlated variation of 33 morphometric traits has been revealed in Lindholm’s rock lizard, Darevskia lindholmi (Szczerbak, 1962). It has been proved that the increase of lin...
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irk-123456789-1612702019-12-05T01:25:27Z Age and sexual variation of morphometric traits in Darevskia lindholmi, Szczerbak, 1962 (Sauria, Lacertidae, Darevskia) Peskov, V.M. Syniavska, I.O. Based on results obtained by investigation of morphological differentiation of individuals of different age and sex, a highly correlated variation of 33 morphometric traits has been revealed in Lindholm’s rock lizard, Darevskia lindholmi (Szczerbak, 1962). It has been proved that the increase of linear body dimensions reflects the basic (ontogenetic) trend of variation of traits during late ontogenesis of D. lindholmi. It has been shown that sexual differences of some traits in D. lindholmi are almost absent, while by the linear body dimensions (the value of the first canonical root) males are larger than females. The age-related morphological differentiation of this lizards significantly exceeds sexual differences among adult individuals. По результатам исследования морфологической дифференциации особей разного возраста и пола выявлено высокий уровень коррелятивной изменчивости 33 морфометрических признаков у ящерицы Линдгольма. Доказано, что увеличение линейных размеров тела отражает основной (онтогенетический) тренд изменчивости признаков в позднем онтогенезе D. lindholmi. Показано, что половые различия по отдельным признакам у ящерицы Линдгольма практически отсутствуют, в то время как по линейным размерам тела (значение первой канонической переменной) самцы крупнее самок. Морфологическая дифференциация ящериц по возрасту значительно превышает половые различия между взрослыми ящерицами. За результатами дослідження морфологічної диференціації особин різного віку і статі виявлено високий рівень корелятивної мінливості 33 морфометричних ознак у ящірки Ліндгольма. Доведено, що збільшення лінійних розмірів тіла відображає основний (онтогенетичний) тренд мінливості ознак у пізньому онтогенезі D. lindholmi. Показано, що статеві відмінності за окремими ознаками у ящірки Ліндгольма практично відсутні, в той час як за лінійними розмірами тіла (значення першої канонічної змінної) самці крупніші за самок. Морфологічна диференціація ящірок за віком значно перевищує статеві відмінності між дорослими ящірками. 2016 Article Age and sexual variation of morphometric traits in Darevskia lindholmi, Szczerbak, 1962 (Sauria, Lacertidae, Darevskia) / V.M. Peskov, I.O. Syniavska // Збірник праць Зоологічного музею. — 2016. — Вип. 47 — С. 3-11. — Бібліогр.: 18 назв. — англ. 0132-1102 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/161270 598.112.23:591.15 en Збірник праць Зоологічного музею Національний Науково-природничий музей НАН України |
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Based on results obtained by investigation of morphological differentiation of individuals of different age and sex, a highly correlated variation of 33 morphometric traits has been revealed in Lindholm’s rock lizard, Darevskia lindholmi (Szczerbak, 1962). It has been proved that the increase of linear body dimensions reflects the basic (ontogenetic) trend of variation of traits during late ontogenesis of D. lindholmi. It has been shown that sexual differences of some traits in D. lindholmi are almost absent, while by the linear body dimensions (the value of the first canonical root) males are larger than females. The age-related morphological differentiation of this lizards significantly exceeds sexual differences among adult individuals. |
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Article |
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Peskov, V.M. Syniavska, I.O. |
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Peskov, V.M. Syniavska, I.O. Age and sexual variation of morphometric traits in Darevskia lindholmi, Szczerbak, 1962 (Sauria, Lacertidae, Darevskia) Збірник праць Зоологічного музею |
| author_facet |
Peskov, V.M. Syniavska, I.O. |
| author_sort |
Peskov, V.M. |
| title |
Age and sexual variation of morphometric traits in Darevskia lindholmi, Szczerbak, 1962 (Sauria, Lacertidae, Darevskia) |
| title_short |
Age and sexual variation of morphometric traits in Darevskia lindholmi, Szczerbak, 1962 (Sauria, Lacertidae, Darevskia) |
| title_full |
Age and sexual variation of morphometric traits in Darevskia lindholmi, Szczerbak, 1962 (Sauria, Lacertidae, Darevskia) |
| title_fullStr |
Age and sexual variation of morphometric traits in Darevskia lindholmi, Szczerbak, 1962 (Sauria, Lacertidae, Darevskia) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Age and sexual variation of morphometric traits in Darevskia lindholmi, Szczerbak, 1962 (Sauria, Lacertidae, Darevskia) |
| title_sort |
age and sexual variation of morphometric traits in darevskia lindholmi, szczerbak, 1962 (sauria, lacertidae, darevskia) |
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Національний Науково-природничий музей НАН України |
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2016 |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/161270 |
| citation_txt |
Age and sexual variation of morphometric traits in Darevskia lindholmi, Szczerbak, 1962 (Sauria, Lacertidae, Darevskia) / V.M. Peskov, I.O. Syniavska // Збірник праць Зоологічного музею. — 2016. — Вип. 47 — С. 3-11. — Бібліогр.: 18 назв. — англ. |
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Збірник праць Зоологічного музею |
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AT peskovvm ageandsexualvariationofmorphometrictraitsindarevskialindholmiszczerbak1962saurialacertidaedarevskia AT syniavskaio ageandsexualvariationofmorphometrictraitsindarevskialindholmiszczerbak1962saurialacertidaedarevskia |
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2025-07-14T13:54:43Z |
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Zb. prac’ Zool. muz. (Kiïv), 47, 2016 3
Age and sexual variation of morphometric ...
© V. M. Peskov, I. O. Syniavska, 2016
Based on results obtained by investigation of morphological differentiation of individuals of dif-
ferent age and sex, a highly correlated variation of 33 morphometric traits has been revealed in
Lindholm’s rock lizard, Darevskia lindholmi (Szczerbak, 1962). It has been proved that the in-
crease of linear body dimensions reflects the basic (ontogenetic) trend of variation of traits during
late ontogenesis of D. lindholmi. It has been shown that sexual differences of some traits in
D. lindholmi are almost absent, while by the linear body dimensions (the value of the first ca-
nonical root) males are larger than females. The age-related morphological differentiation of this
lizards significantly exceeds sexual differences among adult individuals.
Keywords: Darevskia lindholmi, late ontogenesis, morphometric traits, linear body dimensions,
age and sexual variation.
Introduction
Lindholm’s rock lizard, Darevskia lindholmi (Szczerbak, 1962), is the
only rock lizard species common in the Crimean Mountains. The species
status of D. lindholmi was confirmed by molecular genetic studies
(MacCulloch et al., 2000; Doronin et al., 2013). Its distribution, aspects
of ecology and biology was also investigated (Szczerbak, 1962, 1966;
Darevsky, 1967; Kukushkin, 2009). In addition, taxonomic issues of
genetic and morphological differentiation of D. lindholmi on both inter-
population and interspecific levels were studied as well
(Szczerbak, 1962, 1966; Darevsky, 1967; MacCulloch et al., 2000; Dot-
senko et al., 2008–2009; Doronin et al., 2013). However, the issues of
age and sexual variation of morphometric traits and the differentiation of
individuals by liner body dimensions have not been studied sufficiently
yet. It is known that rock lizards are characterized by clearly expressed
age-related variation and sexual dimorphism. For instance, males of
D. lindholmi are notably larger than females, especially by the dimen-
sions of the head (Darevsky, 1967). According to M. M. Shcherbak’s
data (1966), males have larger values of liner body dimensions than fe-
UDC 598.112.23:591.15
V. M. Peskov1, I. O. Syniavska2
1National Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Science of Ukraine,
Bohdan Khmelnytsky St. 15, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
Е-mail: vladimir.peskov53@gmail.com
2Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine,
Bohdan Khmelnytsky St. 15, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
Е-mail: synyavska@ua.fm
AGE AND SEXUAL VARIATION
OF MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS IN
DAREVSKIA LINDHOLMI (SZCZERBAK, 1962)
(SAURIA, LACERTIDAE)
Збірник праць Зоологічного музею, 47: 3–11, 2016
4 Зб. пр. Зоол. муз., 47, 2016
V. M. Peskov, I. O. Syniavska
males, including the longer tale (Szczerbak, 1966). Data published by other authors
(e. g. Doronin et al., 2013) also confirm this statement.
The aim of this work is to study and compare sexual differences and age variation of
morphometric traits, as well as to evaluate the differentiation of individuals of Darev-
skia lindholmi by linear body dimensions.
Material and methods
Morphometric data of D. lindholmi obtained by processing scientific collections in
the Department of Zoology of the National Museum of Natural History, National Acad-
emy of Science of Ukraine (Kyiv). The studied material was collected by M. M. Shcher-
bak in different locations in the Crimean Mountains during 1956–1976. In total, 43 indi-
viduals have been studied, among which there were 34 adults1 (15 females
and 16 males), 4 subadult females (L = 46,0–47,0 mm), and 8 juvenile lizards with no
sex determination (L = 25,5–39,0 mm). Each lizard has been measured for the values
of 33 morphometric traits by calliper, ruler, and eyepiece micrometer of MBS–9 stereo-
microscope (magnification 1x8) with 0,1 mm accuracy. Measurements have been con-
ducted according to the scheme proposed for investigation of true lizards of the family
Lacertidae2 (Maliuk, Peskov, 2011; Maliuk, 2014): 1 — total body length (from tip of
snout to cloaca); 2 — trunk length (from throat fold to cloaca); 3 — glenoacetabular
length; 4 — body width at the chest; 5 — body height at the chest; 6 — body width at the
pelvis; 7 — body height at the pelvis; 8 — tail height at its base; 9 — tail width at its
base; 10 — head length; 11 — distance from the tip of the nose to the auditory canal;
12 — head width ahead of auditory canals; 13 — pileus width between the 2nd and 3rd
supraorbital scales; 14 — distance between the eye corners; 15 — distance between the
nostrils; 16 — maximal head height; 17 — distance between the tip of the snout to the
front edge of the eyes; 18 — distance between the front edge of the eyes to the auditory
canals; 19 — eyes length; 20 — vertical diameter of auditory canals; 21 — distance be-
tween the tip of the snout to the edge of the collar; 22 — fore-limb length; 23 — arm
length; 24 — forearm length; 25 — manus length; 26 — length of the 4th digit of the ma-
nus; 27 — length of the claw of the 4th digit of the manus; 28 — hind-limb length; 29 —
thigh length; 30 — crus length; 31 — foot length; 32 — length of the 4th digit of the foot;
33 — length of the claw of the 4th digit of the foot.
The minimum (min), maximum (max), and mean value (M), as well as the standard
error (m), standard deviation (Sx), coefficient of variation (CV, %), and the error of
measurement of the mean value (Cs, %) have been calculated for all of the studied mor-
phometric traits. The samples have been compared by the mean value of the traits using
Student’s t-test. For the statistical analysis of the data we used standard methods such as
univariate (basic statistics, nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test) and multivariate (PCA,
cluster and discriminant analysis) (Zaitsev, 1984; Kim et al., 1989). All calculations
were performed with the statistical package STATISTICA, v. 6.0.
Results and discussion
The accuracy of sample means evaluation. Because of the small volume of the studied
material (n = 43), in samples of adult males (n = 16) and females (n = 15) we have cal-
culated the mean accuracy scores (Cs, %) for each character. In all cases, the value of Cs
was lower than 5 % indicating sufficient accuracy of estimation of sample mean values
of morphometric traits in relation to general parameters (Zaitsev, 1984).
Sexual differences by separate traits. The variation of the body length (L, mm) in
adult mature females (CV = 8,91 %) and males (CV = 6,76 %) is almost the same
1 According to Shcherbak’s data (1966), adult mature females have snout-vent length >50 mm, while
males > 55 mm.
2 The scheme is based on body measurements traditionally used during studies on lizards (The sand lizard,
1976; Bannikov et al., 1977; Szczerbak, Szczerban’, 1980).
Zb. prac’ Zool. muz. (Kiïv), 47, 2016 5
Age and sexual variation of morphometric ...
(tabl. 1). By the mean value of the body length and the most (31–97 %) of other traits
sexual differences have not been revealed (t = 0,25–1,88; P > 0,05). Males and females
reliably differ only by one character, namely the distance between the tip of the snout
and the edge of the collar (character 21), which is on average somewhat bigger (t = 2,07;
P < 0,05) in males (M♂ = 20,92 mm) than in females (М♀ = 19,80 mm).
Factor analysis of character variation. The variation of 33 morphometric traits dur-
ing late postembryonic development of Lindholm’s rock lizard can be described by the
first principal component for 89,1 % (tabl. 2). The values of factor loadings onto PC1
vary from 0,85 (body height at the pelvis) to 0,99 (distance from the tip of the nose to
the auditory canal). This indicates the high correlation in variation of morphomet-
ric traits of Lindholm’s rock lizard influenced by the factor of growth. Therefore, the
Males (n = 16) Females (n = 15)
min max М Sx min max М Sx
1 51,0 63,0 57,58 3,892 50,0 65,0 57,18 5,093
2 32,0 41,0 36,58 2,720 31,0 44,0 37,26 3,904
3 23,0 32,0 27,23 2,644 23,5 33,0 27,92 3,154
4 5,5 8,3 6,87 0,869 5,2 8,8 6,88 1,136
5 4,8 7,3 6,21 0,707 4,8 8,0 6,19 1,054
6 6,0 8,1 7,08 0,616 5,3 9,0 7,38 1,187
7 4,0 7,4 5,75 0,995 4,9 7,5 6,13 0,894
8 5,0 6,3 5,60 0,433 4,4 6,4 5,44 0,644
9 3,9 5,4 4,69 0,489 3,1 5,5 4,46 0,776
10 12,7 15,3 14,27 0,911 11,9 15,4 13,66 1,127
11 13,1 16,0 14,79 0,999 12,1 15,8 14,05 1,187
12 7,0 9,9 8,56 0,802 6,4 9,8 8,19 1,036
13 5,0 6,8 5,90 0,621 5,1 6,7 5,80 0,486
14 4,3 5,8 5,07 0,541 4,2 5,5 4,89 0,417
15 1,6 2,0 1,85 0,138 1,5 2,1 1,78 0,186
16 5,1 7,1 5,99 0,645 4,5 7,0 5,79 0,799
17 5,0 6,6 5,79 0,543 4,5 6,5 5,69 0,600
18 4,9 6,8 5,76 0,584 4,3 6,6 5,60 0,688
19 2,0 2,7 2,34 0,221 2,0 2,5 2,27 0,167
20 2,0 2,6 2,18 0,177 1,8 2,4 2,08 0,163
21 18,5 23,0 20,92 1,552 17,0 22,0 19,80 1,461
22 17,3 23,7 20,56 1,943 16,4 22,0 19,26 1,899
23 4,7 7,3 6,14 0,723 5,2 6,7 5,94 0,458
24 4,0 6,4 5,34 0,682 4,4 5,9 5,02 0,485
25 7,3 10,6 9,08 0, 922 7,2 9,8 8,52 0,845
26 5,5 7,9 6,82 0,760 5,6 8,2 6,66 0,811
27 1,2 1,8 1,46 0,192 1,1 1,7 1,41 0,201
28 28,4 36,4 32,43 2,712 27,5 36,1 31,36 2,643
29 8,0 12,2 10,30 1,227 8,1 12,0 9,92 1,243
30 6,3 8,3 7,23 0,722 5,4 8,4 6,82 0,859
31 13,3 17,4 15,31 1,210 13,0 17,1 14,85 1,312
32 9,8 12,7 11,32 0,924 9,4 13,0 11,07 1,148
33 1,2 2,2 1,82 0,337 1,4 2,5 1,86 0,347
Table 1. Variation of morphometric traits in adult males and females of D. lindholmi
6 Зб. пр. Зоол. муз., 47, 2016
V. M. Peskov, I. O. Syniavska
increase of linear body dimensions during postembryonic development of Lindholm’s
rock lizard is the main reason for the basic (ontogenetic) trend of variation
of 33 morphometric traits of this species.
N Morphometric features, mm PC1 PC2 PC3
1 total body length –0,98 0,03 –0,03
2 trunk length –0,95 0,06 –0,02
3 glenoacetabular length –0,93 0,04 –0,03
4 body width at the chest –0,93 0,19 –0,23
5 body height at the chest –0,94 0,23 –0,10
6 body width at the pelvis –0,93 0,22 0,10
7 body height at the pelvis –0,85 0,44 0,07
8 tail height at its base –0,97 0,10 –0,01
9 tail width at its base –0,92 0,29 0,09
10 head length –0,98 –0,12 –0,03
11 distance from the tip of the nose to the audi-
tory canal
–0,99 –0,09 –0,02
12 head width ahead of auditory canals –0,98 0,05 0,01
13 pileus width between the 2nd and 3rd supraor-
bital scales
–0,96 0,03 –0,10
14 distance between the eye corners –0,96 –0,01 –0,03
15 distance between the nostrils –0,86 0,09 0,17
16 maximal head height –0,97 0,06 0,04
17 distance between the tip of the snout to the
front edge of the eyes
–0,98 –0,03 –0,02
18 distance between the front edge of the eyes to
the auditory canals
–0,98 –0,02 –0,04
19 eyes length –0,90 –0,06 0,26
20 vertical diameter of auditory canals –0,94 0,00 0,17
21 distance between the tip of the snout to the
edge of the collar
–0,98 –0,08 –0,07
22 fore-limb length –0,97 –0,14 –0,01
23 arm length –0,93 –0,18 –0,16
24 forearm length –0,91 –0,29 –0,21
25 manus length –0,95 –0,05 0,07
26 length of the 4th digit of the manus –0,94 –0,04 0,05
27 length of the claw of the 4th digit of the ma-
nus
–0,90 –0,25 0,26
28 hind-limb length –0,98 –0,08 –0,06
29 thigh length –0,96 0,03 –0,05
30 crus length –0,93 –0,08 –0,21
31 foot length –0,97 –0,01 0,05
32 length of the 4th digit of the foot –0,95 0,01 –0,02
33 length of the claw of the 4th digit of the foot –0,87 –0,32 0,18
of total variance, % 89,06 2,42 1,40
Table 2. Factor loadings of 33 morphometric traits on the first three principal components
Zb. prac’ Zool. muz. (Kiïv), 47, 2016 7
Age and sexual variation of morphometric ...
The distribution of individuals by the values of PC1 reflects the increase of linear
body dimensions of lizards during late ontogenesis by 33 morphometric traits. The body
length (L, mm) within the studied samples varies from 25,5 mm in juveniles to 63 mm
in adult males and to 65 mm in adult females (fig. 1).
According to M. M. Shcherbak’s data (1966), the maximum body length of adult ma-
ture individuals from Crimea can reach over 70 mm (in males Lmax = 72,6 mm, in fe-
males Lmax = 71,2 mm).
PC2 has a small part (2,42 %) of residual dispersion of 33 traits in the studied sample
and small values of factor loadings that varies from –0,32 to 0,44 (tabl. 2). Considering
that correlation between the body length and PC2 is almost absent (0,03) it can be con-
cluded that this component describes the variation of the relative values of some of the
morphometric traits which characterize the change of proportions of different body parts
during late ontogenesis of D. lindholmi.
In juvenile lizards having body length from 25,5 to 27 mm, proportions of the body
almost do not change, while in subadult immature (L = 38,0–47,0 mm) and adult mature
(L = 50,0–65,0 mm) individuals differentiation by body proportions notably increases
(fig. 1). In the same time, in a part of adult males (43,0 %) and females (60,0 %) having
positive values of PC2 the relative value of six traits (7, 9, 5, 6, 4, and 8)3 increases
along with the increase of the value of PC2. Conversely, the value of six other
traits (33, 24, 27, 23, 22, and 10) decreases (fig. 1, tabl. 2). The first group of traits char-
acterizes the variation of proportions of the body (4–7) and the tail (8, 9), while the sec-
ond group characterizes the variation of proportions of the head (10) and the limbs (22–
24, 27, 33). In the other part of adult males (56,2 %) and females (40,0 %) having nega-
tive values of PC2, a completely opposite kind of variation of body proportions can be
observed. With the increase of the values of PC2 decreases the relative value of traits of
the first group (7, 9, 5, 6, 4, and 8) and increases of the second (33, 24, 27, 23, 22,
and 10).
Fig. 1. The distribution of individuals of Darevskia lindholmi in the space of values of
PC1 and PC2. (Juvenile lizards are marked by triangles, males by rectangles, and fe-
males by circles).
3Here and further, the numbers of the characters are indicated according to the increase of their factor load-
ings.
8 Зб. пр. Зоол. муз., 47, 2016
V. M. Peskov, I. O. Syniavska
The above-mentioned data and data presented on fig. 1 indicate that the variation of
body proportions in Lindholm’s rock lizard significantly increases with the age. At the
same time, the influence of the age on the variation of linear body dimensions (Kruskal-
Wallis test: H = 18,29468; p = 0,0001) is larger, than on the variation of body propor-
tions (Kruskal-Wallis test: H = 7,185434; p = 0,0275). Reliable differences between
males and females by linear body dimensions (Kruskal-Wallis test: H = 3,219048;
p = 0,0728) and body proportions (Kruskal-Wallis test H: = 0,6857143; p = 0,4076)
have not been revealed.
Factor analysis of morphological diversity of lizards by linear body dimensions has
been conducted by processing DE matrix that contained information on generalized dif-
ferences between them according to linear body dimensions4. Such analysis allows not
only reveal size- and age-related heterogeneity of the studied sample (Peskov, Si-
nyavska, 2013), but also to evaluate the reliability of the correct age determination for
each individual (tabl. 3).
Comment: statistically significant correlation coefficients are given in bold.
Fig. 2. Distribution of juvenile (triangle), subadult (diamond), and adult (males — rectangle,
females — circle) individuals of Lindholm’s rock lizard in the space of values of the first and
second canonical roots.
№ individuals Age Sex L, mm PC1 PC2
2–6 juvenis — 25,5–33,0 0,877–0,952 0,278–0,460
7 ? ♀ 36,0 0,695 0,686
1, 8–12 subadul-
tus
♀ 38,0–47,0 -0,401–0,573 0,784–0,955
13–27 adultus ♀ 50,0–65,0 -0,765– -0,994 -0,229–0,629
28–43 adultus ♂ 54,0–63,0 -0,916– -0,992 -0,212–0,370
Prp.Totl 79,84 18,11
Table 3. Correlation coefficients of morphological distances (DE) with the principal compo-
nents
4To concern space the DE matrix is not presented in the article.
Zb. prac’ Zool. muz. (Kiïv), 47, 2016 9
Age and sexual variation of morphometric ...
The morphological diversity of D. lindholmi is sufficiently (97,95 %) characterized
by PC1 and PC2 (tabl. 3). In the same time, the first principal component (PC1) reflects
the maximum differences between juvenile and adult individuals by the linear body di-
mensions marking the former ones with high positive correlations (0,877–0,952), while
the others with negative correlations (males from –0,916 to –0,992; females from –0,765
to –0,994). PC2 marks the group of subadult individuals with high positive correlations
(0,784–0,955). A female with L = 39,0 mm has practically the same, but statistically
unreliable correlation coefficients with PC1 (0,695) and PC2 (0,686), hence it is hard to
include it with certainty into one of the age groups. Based on the results of discriminant
analysis (fig. 2) it has been revealed that this female (L = 36,0 mm) is nearly 2,3 times
closer to subadults (SqMD = 181,98) than to juveniles (SqMD = 425,40) by its linear
body dimensions, thus it was included into the subadultus group.
Discriminant analysis of morphological differentiation has been performed to esti-
mate the level and character of generalized differences (SqMD) between individuals of
different age and sex.
Discriminant analysis allows fully (100 %) determine by both the age and sex of each
individual of Lidholm’s rock lizard. Considering the distribution of individuals from
juveniles to adult mature males, it can be stated that males are notably larger than fe-
males by linear body dimensions (fig. 2). According to linear body dimensions, the most
differentiated from each other are the juveniles and adult males (SqMD = 1199,14),
while the least differentiated are the adult males and females (SqMD = 66,35). Subadult
females are closer to adult females (SqMD = 166,88) and males (SqMD = 280.38) than
to juvenile individuals (SqMD = 397,21). Based on the presented results, it can be con-
cluded that in Lindholm’s rock lizard, as well as in many other vertebrate species, the
age-related diversity of linear body dimensions is significantly higher than their sexual
diversity (Vasiljev et al., 2004; Pavlinov et al., 2008; Peskov et al., 2012). It should be
also noted that sexual differences in linear body dimensions in D. lindholmi are compa-
rable with interpopulation differences by the value of SqMD calculated by the body pro-
portions and features of pholidosis, while age-related differences are comparable with
interspecies differences (Dotsenko et al., 2008–2009).
Conclusions
According to the results of this study, the variation of 33 morphometric traits during late
ontogenesis of D. lindholmi for 91,5 % is characterized by the first two principal compo-
nents (PC1 and PC2). PC1, which has 89,1 % of residual dispersion, has high factor
loadings of all traits indicating their correlated variation. The increase of linear body
dimensions (absolute values of morphometric traits) from the juvenile (L = 25,5–
33,0 mm) to adult (L = 50,0–65,0 mm) individuals reflects the basic (ontogenetic) trend
of variation of traits during late ontogenesis of D. lindholmi. Sexual differences accord-
ing to separate traits of Lindholm’s rock lizard are practically absent, while, according
to linear body dimensions (value of the first canonical root), males are larger than fe-
males. Age-related morphological differentiation of the lizards is significantly higher
than sexual differences in adult individuals.
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В. М. Пєсков, І. О. Синявська
ВІКОВА І СТАТЕВА МІНЛИВІСТЬ МОРФОМЕТРИЧНИХ ОЗНАК У DAREVSKIA LINDHOLMI
(SZCZERBAK, 1962) (SAURIA, LACERTIDAE)
За результатами дослідження морфологічної диференціації особин різного віку і статі виявлено ви-
сокий рівень корелятивної мінливості 33 морфометричних ознак у ящірки Ліндгольма. Доведено, що
збільшення лінійних розмірів тіла відображає основний (онтогенетичний) тренд мінливості ознак у
пізньому онтогенезі D. lindholmi. Показано, що статеві відмінності за окремими ознаками у ящірки
Ліндгольма практично відсутні, в той час як за лінійними розмірами тіла (значення першої каноніч-
ної змінної) самці крупніші за самок. Морфологічна диференціація ящірок за віком значно переви-
щує статеві відмінності між дорослими ящірками.
К л ю ч о в і с л о в а: Darevskia lindholmi, пізній онтогенез, морфометричні ознаки, лінійні розміри
тіла, вікова і статева мінливість.
В. Н. Песков, И. А. Синявская
ВОЗРАСТНАЯ И ПОЛОВАЯ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ МОРФОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ПРИЗНАКОВ У
DAREVSKIA LINDHOLMI (SZCZERBAK, 1962) (SAURIA, LACERTIDAE)
По результатам исследования морфологической дифференциации особей разного возраста и пола
выявлено высокий уровень коррелятивной изменчивости 33 морфометрических признаков у ящери-
цы Линдгольма. Доказано, что увеличение линейных размеров тела отражает основной
(онтогенетический) тренд изменчивости признаков в позднем онтогенезе D. lindholmi. Показано, что
половые различия по отдельным признакам у ящерицы Линдгольма практически отсутствуют, в то
время как по линейным размерам тела (значение первой канонической переменной) самцы крупнее
самок. Морфологическая дифференциация ящериц по возрасту значительно превышает половые
различия между взрослыми ящерицами.
К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а: Darevskia lindholmi, поздний онтогенез, морфометрические признаки, ли-
нейные размеры тела, половая и возрастная изменчивость.
|