Foreign Grant Support for Projects in the Context of R&D Structure and Performance in Ukraine
Information about peculiarities and trends of grant form of R&D financing in Ukraine is given. It is emphasized that it was developing in Ukraine along with rapid decline in R&D financing, which entailed mainly “utilitarian” view of foreign grants, although they should be regarded as, first...
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Центр досліджень науково-технічного потенціалу та історії науки ім. Г.М. Доброва НАН України
2015
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irk-123456789-1625332020-01-12T01:26:22Z Foreign Grant Support for Projects in the Context of R&D Structure and Performance in Ukraine Malitsky, B.A. Зарубіжна наука. Міжнародне науково-технічне співробітництво Information about peculiarities and trends of grant form of R&D financing in Ukraine is given. It is emphasized that it was developing in Ukraine along with rapid decline in R&D financing, which entailed mainly “utilitarian” view of foreign grants, although they should be regarded as, first and foremost, as an effective means for internationalization of the national R&D system. Main reasons for intensification of grant form of foreign support to national R&D are highlighted. Factors determining participation of Ukrainian researchers in international projects with grant financing are outlined: the performance of domestic research potential and the thematic conformity of R&D conducted in Ukraine and beyond Ukraine. Estimates on publication activity of Ukrainian researchers, derived using domestic and international databases, and results of a comparative analysis of the publication activity of researchers from Ukraine and selected European countries are given. The problem of grant R&D financing inside Ukraine is discussed. Наведено інформацію про особливості та тенденції грантової форми фінансування в Україні. Підкреслено, що вона розвивалась в Україні на тлі різкого зниження витрат на науку, що визначило в основному «утилітарне» ставлення до зарубіжних грантів, хоча їх насамперед необхідно розглядати як ефективний засіб інтернаціоналізації національної наукової системи. Наведено основні причини активізації грантової форми зарубіжної підтримки національних НДДКР. Розкрито фактори, що визначають ступінь участі українських вчених у міжнародних проектах з грантовим фінансуванням: рівень розвитку наукового потенціалу країни та відповідність між тематичним профілем досліджень в Україні та світі. Наведено оцінки публікаційної активності українських учених на основі вітчизняної та міжнародної баз даних, а також результати порівняльного аналізу публікаційної активності вчених України та деяких європейських країн. Висвітлено проблему розвитку грантової форми підтримки НДДКР усередині України. Приведена информация об особенностях и тенденциях грантовой формы финансирования науки в Украине. Подчеркнуто, что она развивалась в Украине на фоне резкого снижения расходов на науку, что предопределило в основном «утилитарное» отношение к зарубежным грантам, хотя их прежде всего необходимо рассматривать как эффективное средство интернационализации национальной научной системы. Приведены основные причины активизации грантовой формы зарубежной поддержки национальных НИОКР. Раскрыты факторы, определяющие степень участия украинских ученых в международных проектах с грантовым финансированием: уровень развития научного потенциала страны и соответствие между тематическим профилем исследований в Украине и мире. Приведены оценки публикационной активности украинских ученых на основе отечественной и международной баз данных, а также результаты сравнительного анализа публикационной активности ученых Украины и некоторых европейских стран. Освещена проблема развития грантовой формы поддержки НИОКР внутри Украины. 2015 Article Foreign Grant Support for Projects in the Context of R&D Structure and Performance in Ukraine / B.A. Malitsky // Наука та наукознавство. — 2015. — № 3. — С. 67-75. — англ. 0374-3896 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/162533 001.38 en Наука та наукознавство Центр досліджень науково-технічного потенціалу та історії науки ім. Г.М. Доброва НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
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English |
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Зарубіжна наука. Міжнародне науково-технічне співробітництво Зарубіжна наука. Міжнародне науково-технічне співробітництво |
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Зарубіжна наука. Міжнародне науково-технічне співробітництво Зарубіжна наука. Міжнародне науково-технічне співробітництво Malitsky, B.A. Foreign Grant Support for Projects in the Context of R&D Structure and Performance in Ukraine Наука та наукознавство |
| description |
Information about peculiarities and trends of grant form of R&D financing in Ukraine is given. It is emphasized that it was developing in Ukraine along with rapid decline in R&D financing, which entailed mainly “utilitarian” view of foreign grants, although they should be regarded as, first and foremost, as an effective means for internationalization of the national R&D system. Main reasons for intensification of grant form of foreign support to national R&D are highlighted. Factors determining participation of Ukrainian researchers in international projects with grant financing are outlined: the performance of domestic research potential and the thematic conformity of R&D conducted in Ukraine and beyond Ukraine. Estimates on publication activity of Ukrainian researchers, derived using domestic and international databases, and results of a comparative analysis of the publication activity of researchers from Ukraine and selected European countries are given. The problem of grant R&D financing inside Ukraine is discussed. |
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Article |
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Malitsky, B.A. |
| author_facet |
Malitsky, B.A. |
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Malitsky, B.A. |
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Foreign Grant Support for Projects in the Context of R&D Structure and Performance in Ukraine |
| title_short |
Foreign Grant Support for Projects in the Context of R&D Structure and Performance in Ukraine |
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Foreign Grant Support for Projects in the Context of R&D Structure and Performance in Ukraine |
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Foreign Grant Support for Projects in the Context of R&D Structure and Performance in Ukraine |
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Foreign Grant Support for Projects in the Context of R&D Structure and Performance in Ukraine |
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foreign grant support for projects in the context of r&d structure and performance in ukraine |
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Центр досліджень науково-технічного потенціалу та історії науки ім. Г.М. Доброва НАН України |
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2015 |
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Зарубіжна наука. Міжнародне науково-технічне співробітництво |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/162533 |
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Foreign Grant Support for Projects in the Context of R&D Structure and Performance in Ukraine / B.A. Malitsky // Наука та наукознавство. — 2015. — № 3. — С. 67-75. — англ. |
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Наука та наукознавство |
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67ISSN 0374-3896 Наука та наукознавство, 2015, № 3
UDC 001.38
B. A. Malitsky
Foreign Grant Support
for Projects in the Context of R&D
Structure and Performance in Ukraine
Information about peculiarities and trends of grant form of R&D financing in Ukraine
is given. It is emphasized that it was developing in Ukraine along with rapid decline in R&D
financing, which entailed mainly “utilitarian” view of foreign grants, although they should be
regarded as, first and foremost, as an effective means for internationalization of the national R&D
system. Main reasons for intensification of grant form of foreign support to national R&D are
highlighted. Factors determining participation of Ukrainian researchers in international projects
with grant financing are outlined: the performance of domestic research potential and the thematic
conformity of R&D conducted in Ukraine and beyond Ukraine. Estimates on publication activity
of Ukrainian researchers, derived using domestic and international databases, and results
© B. A. Malitsky, 2015
1–2 жовтня 2015 р. у м. Києві відбулась Міжнародна науково-практична конференція
«Грантова підтримка досліджень та нових технологій – 2015» (“Granting of Research and New
Technologies – 2015”, GRANT – 2015), організована Державним фондом фундаментальних досліджень
України. Метою конференції було розроблення підходів до удосконалення грантового (конкурсного)
фінансування науки на основі світового досвіду. Основними темами для обговорення були:
– способи залучення коштів для фінансування фундаментальних досліджень;
– проведення експертизи наукових проектів та визначення спільних пріоритетів;
– правове поле міжнародної фінансової підтримки фундаментальних досліджень.
На конференцію були запрошені представники фондів підтримки науки, представники органів,
відповідальних за прийняття рішень у науковій сфері, науковці, представники міжнародних
наукових об’єднань і громадських організацій. Загалом у конференціЇ взяли участь 100 фахівців, які
представляли Німеччину, Польщу, Францію, Литву, Естонію та Україну.
У результаті роботи конференції було розроблено рекомендації стосовно підвищення
ефективності діяльності фондів підтримки науки в пострадянських країнах, насамперед фондів
фундаментальних досліджень, які мають стати основою дорожньої карти побудови ефективної
грантової системи фінансування науки.
Конференція проводилася у формі пленарного засідання та обговорення в рамках круглих столів.
Круглий стіл 1. «Інноваційна спрямованість науково-технічних проектів – міф чи реальність?»
Круглий стіл 2. «Джерела фінансового забезпечення фундаментальних досліджень. Досвід
провідних країн світу».
Круглий стіл 3. «Експертиза наукових проектів – пошук оптимальної схеми».
Круглий стіл 4. «Наукометрія – оцінка результативності чи спекуляції на кількості».
В цьому та наступному випусках журналу публікуються вибрані виступи, які оформлені у
вигляді статей та підготовлені англійською (робочою) мовою конференції.
Доповіді на Міжнародній науково-практичній конференції
«Грантова підтримка досліджень та нових технологій – 2015»
68
B. A. Malitsky
ISSN 0374-3896 Science and Science of Science, 2015, № 3
of a comparative analysis of the publication activity of researchers from Ukraine and selected
European countries are given. The problem of grant R&D financing inside Ukraine is discussed.
Keywords: grant, research and development (R&D), R&D financing, R&D potential,
publication activity, database “Ukrainika naukova”, database Scopus, grant form of R&D
support.
1. The notion of foreign grant in the field
of research became well known in Ukraine
more than 20 years ago. At the beginning,
grant support was used in the framework of the
international organization “Ukrainian Science
& Technology Center” established in 1994 by
Ukraine, Canada, the U. S. and Sweden. The
notion of grant became even more widespread
due to the work of the well known Soros
Foundation. But this notion was not being
established smoothly in the administrative
practices. The attempts were made to tax
grants and impose the administrative control
over grant programs. The grant form of R&D
funding in Ukraine has largely remained the
one of external origin in Ukraine; it domestic
sources are still of minor significance due to the
shortage of funds.
2. Grants are usually provided by grantors
in form of financial resources allocated on
competitive basis t o physical persons, R&D
teams or organizations for concrete projects.
The advantage of a grant compared with a
loan is that the former need not be returned,
although it requires reporting on good
results and strict fulfillment of financing
requirements. The meaning of a grant is in
a way comparable with one of an order (a
contract). Grants and R&D contracts have
essential impact on change in the thematic
profile of R&D, bringing it in conformity
with the global tendencies. This is especially
important bearing in mind the prevalence of
institutional R&D financing in the Ukrainian
R&D. The strong effect of grant financing
for changing thematic profile of R&D can be
seen in new EU members from the Eastern
Europe, where the R&D themes could adapt
to the European profile in a short time.
3. Because a grant is given on the
basis of competitive selection of projects,
applicants need to demonstrate high level
of research results and strong capacities for
project implementation. Also, grants involve
other conditions making grant process labor
consuming and sophisticated. In fact, skills
and competencies involved in grant process
have become a kind of profession. Probably,
due to lack of such experiences with Ukrainian
researchers, especially lack of confidence
in winning a competition, and sometime
their reluctance to spend time for this
process, their participation in international
grant competitions still remains quite low
and fails to match their creative capacities,
although the numbers of grants received by
Ukrainian researchers and organizations from
international foundations over the latest 10
years have increased. In 2012, 1855 grants were
received, which is nearly 300 grants more than
in 2008. The leading position by the number of
grants is with the HEE sector accounting for
2/3 of the total number of grants.
4. Another peculiarity of Ukrainian grant
receivers is their unchanging composition,
which raises several problems of humanitarian
and moral dimension. The prevailing mood
with the researchers belonging “grant
receivers” category is praising the Western
science and implicitly critical view of the
domestic science. One fresh example is
the opinion of Dr. Igor Zozulenko, a grant
receiver working now is a Sweden university,
cited in the Ukrainian mass media. His
“medical” diagnosis to the Ukrainian R&D
is that “the patient is rather dead than alive”.
Unfortunately, judgments like this can often
be heard from many Ukrainian researchers
who have changed research work for political
or administrative one. It is obvious that the
performance of real research, and not the one
serving the needs of political power, can only
be judged by one’s own engagement in this
real research. As follows from scientometric
analyses, a major part of candidates and
doctors of sciences coming to political power
offices in Ukraine, including top ones, have
no high-rank research publications.
5. It is true that ill-conceived reforms
and the state policy explicitly hostile
to R&D, implemented by Ukrainian
governments over years, have exhausted
creative capacities, public merit and trial
facilities of the Ukrainian R&D. It is now
69ISSN 0374-3896 Наука та наукознавство, 2015, № 3
FOREIGN GRANT SUPPORT FOR PROJECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF R&D STRUCTURE AND
PERFORMANCE IN UKRAINE
in the chronic crisis. While the global R&D
can be referred as the one undergoing the
crisis of growth, considering the growing
numbers of researchers, growing R&D
investments, growing and diversifying
institutional forms of R&D, and this crisis
is associated with its transition to a new
phase scientific progress, the crisis in the
Ukrainian R&D is the crisis of decline. It
originates from the rapidly shrinking R&D
capacity of the domestic industry, de-
technologization and even considerable
de-industrialization of the Ukrainian
economy. These conditions entailed
rapid shrinkage in the domestic demand
for R&D resulted in the decreasing
figures of R&D financing (see Figure 1),
R&D personnel, R&D institutions; this
decreasing tendency continued over nearly
quarter of the century and still being on.
Figure 1. R&D financing per capita in Ukraine, Poland, Turkey,
PPP, constant prices of 2000, USD
Source: computations of Dr. I. A. Bulkin by data from OECD database
Only in this year (2015) the number of
R&D institutions has fallen by 90, the R&D
employment reduced by 8,000 persons; yet
even further reduction of R&D employment
is expected by the end of this year as part of
the government measures on the so called
“optimization” of budgetary expenditures.
The National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine is expected to shrink by about 8,000
employees. Ukraine has fallen to the bottom
line in Europe by number of researchers per
1,000 of population. But Ukraine leads many
countries by numbers of public order and
security officials and clerics. In fact, Ukraine,
an R&D intensive republic in recent past, has
turned into a repressive and clerical country.
6. Although politically and socially
marginalized, Ukrainian R&D, as a system
with high capabilities for self-organization,
could preserve rather high capacities in a
number of R&D fields.
6.1. The Ukrainian R&D has not lost the
capacity to produce results of international
merit in the following fields:
selected advanced sections of
mathematics and theoretical physics;
research of nanostructures and
development of nanotechnologies;
radio physics of millimeter and sub-
millimeter range;
immune biotechnology, biocensors
and molecular diagnostics;
biotechnology of plants and
biophysics, technologies of biodegradation;
cryobiology and cryomedicine;
neuroscience, including neurophy-
siology;
informatics;
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B. A. Malitsky
ISSN 0374-3896 Science and Science of Science, 2015, № 3
micro- and optoelectronics;
airspace technologies;
other fields of physics, chemistry,
biology.
6.2. Ukraine has preserved the highly
performing R&D capacities of material
science in the following fields:
control of the process of structure
formation and formation of properties of
construction and instrumental materials and
their welding;
development of technologies
for production of functional (including
scintillating) materials for electronics, laser
and diagnostic devices;
development of advanced composite
materials and studies of mechanical
properties of sophisticated constructions and
systems, built on their basis;
development of technologies for
production of synthetic diamonds and other
super hard materials, and tools on their basis.
6.3. A number of domestic developments
could be globally competitive given certain
conditions, including:
technology and the equipment for
welding of living tissues in surgery operations;
polyorgansiloxan adsorbents;
domestic antibiotics – cyclosporines;
titanium alloys produced by domestic
technologies;
domestically produced super hard
materials and tools on their basis etc.
7. The viability of the Ukrainian R&D
can be measured by more robust indicator,
the investment in the Ukrainian military
R&D. The dynamics of these foreign
contracts in 2001–2013 is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Foreign investment in the Ukrainian military R&D, %
2001 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013
Foreign investment in the
Ukrainian military R&D
27.0 39.5 77.1 78.2 57.5 47.9
Although the share of foreign contracts
has reduced in the recent period, the above
figures are nevertheless very high even for
countries with highly developed R&D. These
figures refute the unjustified attacks coming
from some political officials, political persons
or various pseudo-experts of the Ukrainian
R&D, which give misleading assessments of
its capacities in an attempt to discredit the
national scientific community working (more
often quite effectively) in hard conditions.
Thus, the globally recognized design bureau
“Yuzhnoye” returns 60 UAH to the budget
per the invested 1 UAH. It is the result of
doing foreign contracts, including ones
from European and American countries,
including the U. S.
8. Another peculiar point with regard
to foreign grants in Ukraine is that grants
are essentially looked at with utilitarian
intention to have additional financing
that may sometimes be larger than the
domestic one. But apart from this, a foreign
grant offers an effective means to push
integration of national research systems in
the single global and regional research area.
There are several key factors behind the
necessity for expanding the international
science and technology cooperation, which
predetermines the expansion of grant form as
a means of R&D support from abroad.
First, there has been globally increasing
awareness that all the countries have to share
the responsibility for decisions of complex,
large-scale and global scientific problems.
This refers to problems such as global climate
change, control over spread of infection
deceases, studies of root causes of terrorism
and its prevention, which cannot be fought a
lone hand.
Second, the occurrence of more
and more large-scale fundamental and
multidimensional problems that can be
more effectively dealt with trough combining
national research capacities. Problems
like research of human genome, research
of micro- and macroworld, exploration of
space, development of information and
71ISSN 0374-3896 Наука та наукознавство, 2015, № 3
FOREIGN GRANT SUPPORT FOR PROJECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF R&D STRUCTURE AND
PERFORMANCE IN UKRAINE
communication systems can only be solved
by international research capacities.
Third, in R&D, like is extraction of
minerals, generation of each portion of new
knowledge requires the increasing costs that
cannot be afforded by one country, if even a
very rich one. This tendency was emphasized
by a distinguished Ukrainian researcher of
science, Gennadiy Dobrov, who highlighted
this problem in his bestseller book “Science
about Science”. The humanity has witnessed
many evidences that this tendency was
strengthening. The European Large Hadron
Collider, genetic research, international
space station, explorations of new space
objects, thermonuclear energy and other
high cost projects involve the research based
on broader international cooperation of
national researchers with use of grant form
for R&D support.
9. The extent of participation of
Ukrainian researchers in such international
projects depends, first and foremost, on the
performance of the national R&D system
and on the relevance of the thematic profile
of the Ukrainian R&D system to the thematic
profiles at European and global level. The
thematic profile can be evaluated by various
methods. One of these involves structuring of
publications by thematic heading. In Ukraine
this method is used in database “Ukrainika
naukova”. Figure 2 shows the latest data
on the publication activity of Ukrainian
researchers in 21 research fields. As can be
seen in the chart, the publication activity
of Ukrainian researchers is dominated
by economic sciences, with essential
contribution coming from medical sciences,
studies of culture, education, science policy
studies.
Figure 2. Publication activity of Ukrainian researchers by thematic headings
of “Ukrainika naukova” database
Source: constructed by A. Koretsky by use of database “Ukrainika naukova”
In total, social sciences and humanities
account for 44% of the total publications in
“Ukrainika naukova” database. In spite of the
constantly increasing number researchers in
social sciences and humanities and the vice
versa trend in natural and technical sciences,
the share of the former in the total number
of researchers still remains lower than their
share in the total publications, meaning
that researchers in social sciences and
72
B. A. Malitsky
ISSN 0374-3896 Science and Science of Science, 2015, № 3
humanities write more than, say, physicists,
mathematicians, biologists or chemists.
The situation will, however, be reverse
when we proceed to the international
database. Thus, in Scopus database Ukrainian
researchers in social sciences and humanities
account for less than 3% of the registered
documents, although their share in “Ukrainika
naukova”, as mentioned above, is larger
than 44%. In natural sciences, Ukrainian
researchers in physics and astronomy account
for nearly 26% (see Table 2).
Table 2
Comparison of the shares of publications by Ukrainian authors
in databases Scopus and “Ukrainika naukova”
Field
Share of publications in database,%
“Ukrainika naukova” Scopus
Social sciences and humanities 44 3
Physics and astronomy 3 26
This comparison may seem to be not
sufficiently correct because of various
conditions or possibilities for registration in
international databases on social sciences
and humanities. Specialists from our Institute
have emphasized that peculiarities of data
compilation in various databases or relatively
small numbers of Ukrainian publications
counted in specific databases may have
negative effects for the above mentioned
indicators. Yet, cooperation of Ukrainian
researchers with foreign colleagues, their
active participation in joint R&D, in seeking
for foreign grants obviously have a positive
effect for their representation in databases.
Dr. V. P. Rybachuk, our leading
researcher in the scientometric field, jointly
with Dr. Galina Kwist from Gent University
(Belgium), has shown that collaborative
publications of Ukrainian and foreign authors
enhance the opportunity for Ukrainians
to be registered in whatever international
database. Also, they have identified six
countries with which Ukrainian researchers
have the largest numbers of collaborative
publications. These are (in ranking order):
Germany, Poland, France, the U. K., Italy
and Spain. The ranking rows of countries
derived from the analysis of Scopus and Scirus
databases, have rather good correlation and
can be used for bibliometric monitoring of
the international scientific cooperation of
Ukrainian researchers, especially in studying
the potentials for increasing the grant activity
of Ukrainian researchers.
10. It should be remembered that in spite
of a thematic change in R&D and a change
in the disciplinary structure of the Ukrainian
R&D, the disciplinary structure of the latter
is still essentially distinct from the European
one. The following profile occurs when
Scopus database is used for comparison of
the disciplinary structure of publications in
EU-27 and Ukraine (see Figure 3).
As can be seen from Figure 3, technical
disciplines, especially physics and astronomy,
are prevalent in Ukraine, which is a clear
evidence of high performance of these
disciplines in Ukraine. Yet, comparison of
disciplinary restructuring of publications in
EU and Ukraine according to Scopus data
base would be very important. Regarding
EU, the growing number of documents
occurs in “medicine”: in 2014, these
publications accounted for more than 18% of
the total number of publications registered in
Scopus database. Ukraine, however, lags in
this discipline tenfold behind Italy, France,
Germany, the U. K., Poland, and manifold
behind Slovakia, Romania or Hungary. The
essential reason behind this lag is that the
Ukrainian medical R&D with its excellent
professionals lacks advanced trial and
experimental facilities to do domestic R&D.
11. Out-dated or even ruined trial and
experimental facilities, manifold reduction of
R&D personnel, shortage of funds for R&D
and other signs of crisis in the Ukrainian
R&D obviously have negative effects for
its performance, including the publication
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PERFORMANCE IN UKRAINE
activity. The Scopus database shows that
while in 1996 Ukraine was ahead of counties
like Greece, Portugal, Czech Republic,
Romania or Ireland by the publication
activity, in the subsequent years it was far
behind them (see Figure 4).
Figure 3. Disciplinary structure of publications in EU-27 and Ukraine, 2014, %
Source: constructed by A. Koretsky by use of Scopus database
Figure 4. Publication activity of Ukraine, Greece, Portugal, Czech Republic,
Romania and Ireland by Scopus database, 1996–2014
Source: constructed by A. Koretsky by use of Scopus database
74
B. A. Malitsky
ISSN 0374-3896 Science and Science of Science, 2015, № 3
12. The chart given in Figure 4 shows a
dismaying trend regarding the gap between
Ukraine and others. It should be stressed,
however, that the number of publications of
Ukrainian researchers by Scopus database,
if considered per 1,000,000 USD of R&D
expenditures, has not, in fact, decreased (4.51
documents per 1,000,000 USD in 2014), but
has been sometimes even higher than the
EU average or the figures for countries like
Denmark, Sweden, France, Finland, Austria
or Germany. It could be assumed that if the
R&D financing in Ukraine matched the
legally fixed level (1.7% of GDP), the figure
would match the one for Poland, Lithuania,
Latvia or Estonia (8.28–7.2 documents per
на 1,000,000 USD).
13. I believe that another important
problem exists in grant support for Ukrainian
researchers. It should be emphasized
because the raging military separatism and its
support by Russia make Ukraine extremely
vulnerable from defense point. It should
be noted that on the eve of independency
Ukraine was the third nuclear power in the
world and accommodated huge military and
industrial complex (MIC) employing more
than 40% of the domestic researchers.
Yet, the subsequent years witnessed ill-
conceived policies regarding MIC conversion.
The high tech segment of the industrial R&D
in Ukraine was razed to the ground by various
ways, including international science &
technology cooperation. If these actions are
seen from economic perspective, it should be
reminded that on the eve of independence
Ukraine was a large-scale participant of the
global market of armaments, with annual
exports worth 2,000,000 USD. These losses
could not be ever compensated by foreign
support of domestic researchers, provided to
them with other purposes (that have nothing
common with support to domestic MIC).
It is well known that the purpose of
the abovementioned Ukrainian Science &
Technology Center (USTC) was in providing
grant support for the domestic researchers
working in MIC. The foreign sponsors deserve
gratitude as they helped the researchers
survive in the hard economic conditions of
90s. However, the material aid received by
Ukraine through USTC is incomparable
with the immediate material losses and
subsequent human losses of Ukraine, caused
by conversion of MIC and by the ineffective
national science & technology policy.
Ukraine adopted the Charter on Special
Partnership Relations with NATO in
1997, and the State Program of Ukraine –
NATO Partnership for 2001–2004. Nearly
13,000 of Ukrainian specialists took part in
international research projects sponsored
by NATO on grant line over this time. The
cooperation with NATO in the research field
has been on since then. In the last 2 years,
4 scientific and practical conferences jointly
with NATO were held in Ukraine.
Unfortunately, this huge potential
of international science & technology
cooperation has been underused for national
security purposes, including R&D support
for adaptation of the domestic MIC to NATO
standards, use of foreign achievements
in domestic manufacturing of advanced
armaments, strengthening of Ukraine’s
positions at the global market of armaments.
14. In the conclusion I would like to
mention the problem of domestic grant
support to R&D in Ukraine. This form
of R&D support in Ukraine is mainly the
responsibility of the State Foundation for
Basic Research (SFBR). But it is well known
that its financial capacities do not meet any
real need of the domestic R&D. Apart from
the financial deficit, the SFBR is constrained
by bureaucratic pressures. There has been an
attempt of creating a new super-foundation
that is supposed to become more solvent
financially and take on the funds managed
now by domestic Academies of Sciences.
However, the problem cannot be tackled by
this step, because the problem goes beyond
the SFBR competence. Instead of one
foundation for R&D support, Ukraine needs
dozens of them, with the variety of support
forms. These foundations need to accumulate
funds to sponsor the projects capable to solve
large-scale scientific problems, including
projects with invited foreign researchers.
As regards the SFBR, it has vitally
important role, as it has the capacities
to optimize the thematic structure of the
domestic R&D through grant system
by unfixing the established thematic
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conservatism immanent in the institutional
R&D financing. Also, the SFBR is needed
to support young researchers, especially ones
with defended dissertations. They need to be
supported financially in several subsequent
years once the dissertation is defended, to
be able, above all, to develop their research
and publish in distinguished international
journals, to go to internship in foreign
research centers. Ukraine needs to do so in
order to prevent the increasing outflow of
young researchers from domestic R&D to
other sectors or to foreign research centers.
Many questions have been raised about
objectivity of grant competitions. But it
depends on the real financial capacities of
each foundation. The trend has always been
the same: the lesser are the foundation’s
capacities, the more problematic is the
objectivity. I hope that the capacities of
SFBR will meet the needs of Ukrainian
researchers.
Одержано 16.09.2015
Б. А. Маліцький
Зарубіжна грантова підтримка проектів у контексті
структури та стану досліджень в Україні
Наведено інформацію про особливості та тенденції грантової форми фінансування в Україні.
Підкреслено, що вона розвивалась в Україні на тлі різкого зниження витрат на науку, що визначило
в основному «утилітарне» ставлення до зарубіжних грантів, хоча їх насамперед необхідно розгля-
дати як ефективний засіб інтернаціоналізації національної наукової системи. Наведено основні
причини активізації грантової форми зарубіжної підтримки національних НДДКР. Розкрито фак-
тори, що визначають ступінь участі українських вчених у міжнародних проектах з грантовим
фінансуванням: рівень розвитку наукового потенціалу країни та відповідність між тематичним
профілем досліджень в Україні та світі. Наведено оцінки публікаційної активності українських
учених на основі вітчизняної та міжнародної баз даних, а також результати порівняльного аналізу
публікаційної активності вчених України та деяких європейських країн. Висвітлено проблему роз-
витку грантової форми підтримки НДДКР усередині України.
Ключові слова: грант, фінансування науки, науково-дослідницькі та дослідно-конструк-
торські роботи (НДДКР), науковий потенціал, публікаційна активність, БД «Україніка наукова»,
БД Scopus, грантова форма підтримки НДДКР.
Б. А. Малицкий
Зарубежная грантовая поддержка проектов в контексте структуры и
состояния исследований в Украине
Приведена информация об особенностях и тенденциях грантовой формы финансирования на-
уки в Украине. Подчеркнуто, что она развивалась в Украине на фоне резкого снижения расходов
на науку, что предопределило в основном «утилитарное» отношение к зарубежным грантам, хотя
их прежде всего необходимо рассматривать как эффективное средство интернационализации на-
циональной научной системы. Приведены основные причины активизации грантовой формы зару-
бежной поддержки национальных НИОКР. Раскрыты факторы, определяющие степень участия
украинских ученых в международных проектах с грантовым финансированием: уровень развития
научного потенциала страны и соответствие между тематическим профилем исследований в Ук-
раине и мире. Приведены оценки публикационной активности украинских ученых на основе отечес-
твенной и международной баз данных, а также результаты сравнительного анализа публикаци-
онной активности ученых Украины и некоторых европейских стран. Освещена проблема развития
грантовой формы поддержки НИОКР внутри Украины.
Ключевые слова: грант, финансирование науки, научно-иследовательские и опытно-конс-
трукторские работы (НИОКР), научный потенциал, публикационная активность, БД «Україніка
наукова», БД Scopus, грантовая форма поддержки НИОКР.
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