Evaluation of the Healthy Life Years Indicator in Conditions of EU Digitalization
The paper considers the impact of digitalization on humans. An analysis of the literature showed that the problem of the impact of digitalization on the number of years of a healthy life remains insufficiently studied. As an object of study, the EU-28 member countries were selected. Since, on the on...
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irk-123456789-1690212020-06-02T01:26:11Z Evaluation of the Healthy Life Years Indicator in Conditions of EU Digitalization Vyshnevskyi, O. International and Regional Economics The paper considers the impact of digitalization on humans. An analysis of the literature showed that the problem of the impact of digitalization on the number of years of a healthy life remains insufficiently studied. As an object of study, the EU-28 member countries were selected. Since, on the one hand, the EU includes sovereign states, and on the other, it is a single labor and capital market. At the same time, the process of digitalization at the legislative level is actively supported in the EU and work is underway to build a Digital Single Market. Based on a review of literary sources and the object of study, the aim of the study is to assess the status and dynamics of “Healthy Life Years” in the context of digitalization in the EU countries. The main results. The countries leaders in digitalization not only do not show high levels in terms of the number of “Healthy Life Years”, but I can’t reduce their backlog from the countries of the leaders in terms of Healthy Life Years”. Thus, the hypothesis that “countries with a higher level of digitalization will be able to provide a greater number of “Healthy Life Years” for their citizens and its positive dynamics” has not been confirmed. No positive effect was found. У роботі розглядається оцінка впливу цифровізації на людину. Аналіз літератури показав, що залишається недостатньо дослідженою проблема впливу цифровізації на кількість років здорового життя. Як об'єкт дослідження обрані країни-члени ЄС-28, оскільки, з одного боку, в ЄС входять суверенні держави, а з іншого – це єдиний ринок праці і капіталу. При цьому в ЄС активно підтримуються процеси цифровізації на законодавчому рівні та виконується робота з побудови єдиного цифрового ринку. Виходячи з огляду літературних джерел і об'єкта дослідження метою дослідження є оцінка стану і динаміки «здорових років життя» в умовах цифровізації в країнах ЄС. Основні результати. Країни-лідери по цифровізації не тільки не демонструють високих рівнів за кількістю «здорових років життя», а й не можуть скоротити своє відставання від країн лідерів за показником «роки здорового життя». Таким чином, гіпотеза, що «країни з більш високим рівнем цифровізації зможуть забезпечити більшу кількість «здорових років життя» для своїх громадян і їх позитивну динаміку» не підтвердилася. Позитивний вплив не виявлено. В работе рассматривается оценка влияния цифровизации на человека. Анализ литературы показал, что остаётся недостаточно исследованной проблема влияния цифровизации на количество лет здоровой жизни. В качестве объекта исследования выбраны страны-члены ЕС-28, так как, с одной стороны, в ЕС входят суверенные государства, а с другой – это единый рынок труда и капитала. При этом в ЕС активно поддерживаются процессы цифровизации на законодательном уровне и проделывается работа по построению единого цифрового рынка. Исходя из обзора литературных источников и объекта исследования, целью исследования является оценка состояния и динамики «здоровых лет жизни» в условиях цифровизации в странах ЕС. Основные результаты. Страны лидеры по цифровизации не только не демонстрируют высоких уровней по количеству «здоровых лет жизни», но и не могут сократить своё отставания от стран лидеров по показателю «годы здоровой жизни». Таким образом, гипотеза, что «страны с более высоким уровнем цифровизации смогут обеспечить большее количество «здоровых лет жизни» для своих граждан и их позитивную динамику» не подтвердилась. Позитивное влияние не обнаружено. 2019 Article Evaluation of the Healthy Life Years Indicator in Conditions of EU Digitalization / O. Vyshnevskyi // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2019. — № 4 (58). — С. 66-71. — Бібліогр.: 24 назв. — англ. 1817-3772 DOI: 10.12958/1817-3772-2019-4(58)-66-71 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/169021 314:004:339.92 en Економічний вісник Донбасу Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| topic |
International and Regional Economics International and Regional Economics |
| spellingShingle |
International and Regional Economics International and Regional Economics Vyshnevskyi, O. Evaluation of the Healthy Life Years Indicator in Conditions of EU Digitalization Економічний вісник Донбасу |
| description |
The paper considers the impact of digitalization on humans. An analysis of the literature showed that the problem of the impact of digitalization on the number of years of a healthy life remains insufficiently studied. As an object of study, the EU-28 member countries were selected. Since, on the one hand, the EU includes sovereign states, and on the other, it is a single labor and capital market. At the same time, the process of digitalization at the legislative level is actively supported in the EU and work is underway to build a Digital Single Market. Based on a review of literary sources and the object of study, the aim of the study is to assess the status and dynamics of “Healthy Life Years” in the context of digitalization in the EU countries.
The main results. The countries leaders in digitalization not only do not show high levels in terms of the number of “Healthy Life Years”, but I can’t reduce their backlog from the countries of the leaders in terms of Healthy Life Years”. Thus, the hypothesis that “countries with a higher level of digitalization will be able to provide a greater number of “Healthy Life Years” for their citizens and its positive dynamics” has not been confirmed. No positive effect was found. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Vyshnevskyi, O. |
| author_facet |
Vyshnevskyi, O. |
| author_sort |
Vyshnevskyi, O. |
| title |
Evaluation of the Healthy Life Years Indicator in Conditions of EU Digitalization |
| title_short |
Evaluation of the Healthy Life Years Indicator in Conditions of EU Digitalization |
| title_full |
Evaluation of the Healthy Life Years Indicator in Conditions of EU Digitalization |
| title_fullStr |
Evaluation of the Healthy Life Years Indicator in Conditions of EU Digitalization |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of the Healthy Life Years Indicator in Conditions of EU Digitalization |
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evaluation of the healthy life years indicator in conditions of eu digitalization |
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Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| topic_facet |
International and Regional Economics |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/169021 |
| citation_txt |
Evaluation of the Healthy Life Years Indicator in Conditions of EU Digitalization / O. Vyshnevskyi // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2019. — № 4 (58). — С. 66-71. — Бібліогр.: 24 назв. — англ. |
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O. Vyshnevskyi
66
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(58), 2019
UDC 314:004:339.92 doi: 10.12958/1817-3772-2019-4(58)-66-71
O. Vyshnevskyi,
PhD (Economics),
ORCID 0000-0002-2375-6033,
Institute of Industrial Economics NAS of Ukraine, Kiev
EVALUATION OF THE HEALTHY LIFE YEARS INDICATOR
IN CONDITIONS OF EU DIGITALIZATION
Formulation of the problem. Digitalization is an
end-to-end process that affects both the economic and
social aspects of human activity. A quantitative assess-
ment of the quality of expansion of the digital economy
is one of the important scientific and practical problems.
As a rule, its solution is sought purely on an economic
plane. It's exist the estimate of the digital GDP percent-
age, the growth in the share of e-commerce, online ser-
vices, the capitalization of technology companies, and
the volume of cashless payments. However, the ultimate
goal of digitalization is a person, the quality and expec-
tancy of his life. Therefore, in general terms, there is a
problem of assessing the impact of digitalization on a
person.
Literature review. Researchers of digitalization
processes consider its various aspects [1-4]. They agree
on the fundamental impact of these processes on the
economy and society. Particular attention is paid to the
connection of the digitalization of the economy with the
development of medical services [1, p.143-152; 5] and
the solution of environmental problems [6]. At the same
time, the assessment of the impact of digitalization on
human life, which is characterized primarily by life ex-
pectancy, remains without proper attention. “Life
expectancy at birth reflects the living conditions of the
population and is a direct consequence of the socio-eco-
nomic situation of the territory” [7, p. 61]. It should be
borne in mind that modern researchers prefer the
Healthy Life Years (HLY) indicator [8-10]. “Healthy
Life Years (HLY) allow estimating the quality of the re-
maining years that a person is expected to live, in terms
of being free of long-standing activity limitation” [8,
p.1]. Researchers identify the following factors that af-
fect HLY: «Air pollution – carbon dioxide emission in
tons per capita; Education – fraction of population with
tertiary education; GDP per capita; Material depriva-
tion – fraction of population with 4 or more important
housing items missing; Social protection expenditures
to GDP; Population density; Beds in hospitals per
100000 inhabitants; Doctors per 100000 inhabitants; Al-
cohol consumption in liters per capita; Cigarettes – frac-
tion of regular smokers in population; Obesity – fraction
of obese inhabitants in population [10, p.185]. Thus, the
problem of the influence of digitalization on the HLY
indicator remains insufficiently studied Based on this, a
hypothesis can be formulated that countries with a
higher level of digitalization will be able to provide
more HLY for their citizens and its positive dynamics.
Object of research. The EU is a unique entity,
which harmoniously combines the signs of a single and
universal. On the one hand, the EU includes sovereign
states, and on the other, it is a single labor and capital
market. The EU is actively supporting digitalization
processes at the legislative level and work is underway
to build a Digital Single Market. EU adopted “A Digital
Agenda for Europe” [11], “A Digital Single Market
Strategy for Europe” [12], “Building a European Data
Economy” [13], and other regulations [14, p.122-123].
Therefore, the EU is a suitable target for testing a hy-
pothesis.
Aim of research. Based on a review of the litera-
ture and the object of study, the aim of the study is to
evaluate the state and dynamic of “Healthy Life Years”
in conditions of EU digitalization.
Methods. There are various indicators for as-
sessing the level of digitalization of countries [15-23].
The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) [17] the
only of the considered indices is calculating specifically
for the EU countries. Therefore, it was he who was cho-
sen to assess the digitalization level of the EU member
states. Healthy Life Years Index is calculated by Euro-
stat [24].
The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was
used as an analytical tool for evaluating the tightness of
communication.
Results and discussion. Analysis of the HLY in-
dex shows that among the EU-28 has a significant dif-
ference (table). The leaders in HLY at birth for females
(table, column 10) are Malta and Sweden, where this in-
dicator is 73.4 and 71.9 years at the end of 2017. More-
over, in terms of digitalization, they occupy the 8th and
4th place. The last two positions are occupied by Slove-
nia and Latvia (54.6 and 52.2 years respectively). In
terms of digitalization, they occupy the 16th and 19th
positions.
The difference between the first and last position
for HLY at birth for females (table, column 10) is
21.2 years. The median value for the sample is 61.4.
A similar situation is observed for HLY at birth for
males (table, column 14), where in terms of HLY at birth
the first positions are occupied by the same Malta
(71.9 years) and Sweden (73.2 years). The last positions
are held by Estonia (54.7 years) and Latvia (50.6 years).
The difference between the first and last position
for HLY at birth for males (table, column 14) is
22.6 years. The median value for the sample is 60.6.
O. Vyshnevskyi
67
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(58), 2019
Table
DESI and HLY at birth in EU countries in 2014-2017
No. Country
DESI HLY at birth (females) HLY at birth (males)
141 15 16 17 14 15 16 17 14 15 16 17
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 Austria 12 13 12 12 57,8 58,1 57,1 56,8 57,6 57,9 57 57,4
2 Belgium 9 9 7 7 63.7 64 63.8 64.1 64.4 64.4 63.7 63.5
3 Bulgaria 27 27 26 27 66.1 65 67.5 66.2 62 61.5 64 62.9
4 Croatia 21 20 20 20 60 56.8 58.7 58 58.6 55.3 57.1 57.3
5 Cyprus 23 23 21 22 66.1 63.4 68.8 65.8 65.8 63.1 67.5 64.7
6 Czechia 17 14 17 15 65 63.7 64 62.4 63.4 62.4 62.7 60.6
7 Denmark 2 1 1 1 61.4 57.6 60.3 59.7 60.3 60.4 60.3 59.8
8 Estonia 7 7 9 9 57.1 56.2 59 57.2 53.2 53.8 54.4 54.7
9 Finland 3 2 2 2 57.5 56.3 57 56.4 58.7 59.4 59.1 58.3
10 France 14 15 15 14 64.2 64.6 64.1 64.9 63.4 62.6 62.6 62.5
11 Germany 10 11 11 11 56.5 67.5 67.3 66.7 56.4 65.3 65.3 65.1
12 Greece 26 26 27 26 64.9 64.1 64.7 65.1 64.1 63.9 63.8 64.4
13 Hungary 22 22 22 23 60.6 60.1 60.2 60.8 59.1 58.2 59.5 59.6
14 Ireland 11 10 10 10 67.5 68 69.8 69.3 66.3 66.5 67.2 67.9
15 Italy 25 24 24 24 62.3 62.7 67.2 66.4 62.5 62.6 67.6 66.2
16 Latvia 19 19 19 19 55.3 54.1 54.9 52.2 51.5 51.8 52.3 50.6
17 Lithuania 18 18 18 18 61.7 58.8 59.4 59.8 57.6 54.1 56.2 56.4
18 Luxembourg 5 5 5 5 63.5 60.6 58.9 58.1 64 63.7 61.4 60.1
19 Malta 8 8 8 8 74.5 74.6 72.4 73.4 72.3 72.6 71.1 71.9
20 Netherlands 4 4 4 3 59 57.2 57.8 57.6 63.3 61.1 62.8 62.3
21 Poland 24 25 25 25 62.7 63.2 64.6 63.5 59.8 60.1 61.3 60.6
22 Portugal 16 17 14 17 55.4 55 57.4 57 58.4 58.2 59.9 60.1
23 Romania 28 28 28 28 59.1 59.3 59 58.3 58.9 59 59.8 59.2
24 Slovakia 20 21 23 21 54.6 55.1 57 55.6 55.5 54.8 56.4 55.6
25 Slovenia 15 16 16 16 59.6 57.7 57.9 54.6 57.8 58.5 58.7 55.3
26 Spain 13 12 13 13 65 64.1 66.5 69.9 65 63.9 65.9 69
27 Sweden 1 3 3 4 72.8 72.2 73.3 71.9 73 73.1 73 73.2
28 UK 6 6 6 6 64.2 63.3 63.1 62 63.3 63.7 63 63.3
1 14 means 2014, 15 – 2015.
Source: compiled by the author using data of Eurostat [17; 24].
Thus, the HLY at birth statistics for women and
men are not fundamentally different.
For a more detailed analysis, the EU-28 member
countries were divided into 4 quartiles by digitalization
level. First quartile from 1 to 7 place (Denmark, Finland,
Netherlands, Sweden, Luxembourg, United Kingdom,
Belgium), second quartile from 8 to 14 (Malta, Estonia,
Ireland, Germany, Austria, Spain, France), third quartile
from 15 to 21 (Czechia, Slovenia, Portugal, Lithuania,
Latvia, Croatia, Slovakia), the fourth quartile from 22 to
28 (Cyprus, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Greece, Bulgaria,
Romania). For each quartile, the mean values of HLY at
birth for females and males in 2017 were calculated. The
graphic image (fig. 1) of these shows the uneven distri-
bution pattern without any distinct tendency. HLY at
birth for females and males in the 1st quartile in terms
of digitalization is lower than in the second (61.4 years
for female and 62.93 years for male in 1st quartile and
65.46 years for female and 64.07 years for male in 2nd
quartile). A similar situation when comparing the 3rd
and 4th quartiles.
The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient bet-
ween HLY at birth (females) and DESI in 2017 is –
0.0268. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
between HLY at birth (males) and DESI in 2017 is –
0.0268.
Thus, analytically and graphically, there is no po-
sitive relationship between the level of digitalization of
countries and HLY at birth for both sex.
A separate issue is the study of the impact of digi-
talization on the dynamics of HLY. For 4 years (2014-
2017), EU-28 member countries have demonstrated
multidirectional dynamics. According to HLY at birth
(females) in 13 countries (Germany, Spain, Italy, Ire-
land, Portugal, Slovakia, Poland, France, Belgium, Hun-
gary, Greece, Bulgaria, Estonia) is positive changing.
The leaders are Germany (+10.2 years), Spain (+4.9)
and Italy (+4.1). The average increase for these coun-
tries amounted to 2 years. However, in 15 countries
(Cyprus, Romania, Sweden, Austria, Malta, Finland,
Netherlands, Denmark, Lithuania, Croatia, the United
Kingdom, Czechia, Latvia, Slovenia, Luxembourg)
there was a decrease, which also averaged 2 years. The
largest declines were recorded in Slovenia (-5 years) and
Luxembourg (-5.4 years).
O. Vyshnevskyi
68
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(58), 2019
Fig. 1. HLY at birth in DESI quarters
Similarly, for HLY at birth for males. 13 countries
shown growth. These are Germany, Spain, Italy, Portu-
gal, Ireland, Estonia, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary,
Greece, Romania, Sweden, Slovakia. The average in-
crease is 1.87 years. The leaders are the same Germany
(+8.7 years), Spain (+4 years) and Italy (+3.7 years). A
decrease in HLY at birth for males was recorded in
14 countries (Austria, Malta, Finland, Denmark, France,
Latvia, Belgium, Netherlands, Cyprus, Lithuania, Croa-
tia, Slovenia, Czechia, Luxembourg). The average de-
cline is 1.3 years. Among the outsiders are Slovenia
(-2.5), Czechia (-2.8), Luxembourg (-3.9). In the United
Kingdom unchanged.
Thus, despite the deepening digitalization level in
most EU-28 countries, there is a negative trend. It re-
mains to explore how this dynamic is consistent with the
level of digitalization. For this, the average rank for the
EU-28 member countries for 2014-2017 was calculated.
All the Top 5 countries in terms of digitalization
showed a negative change in the level of HLY at birth:
Denmark (-1.7 years for female; -0.5 years for male),
Finland (-1.1 years for female; -0.4 years for male),
Sweden (-0.9 years for female; +0.2 years for male),
Netherlands (-1.4 years for female; -1 year for male),
Luxembourg (-5.4 years for female; -3.9 years for male).
For 5 countries that occupy the last positions in terms
of digitalization is more positive situation: Italy
(+4.1 years for female; +3.7 years for male), Poland
(+0.8 years for female; +0.8 years for male), Greece
(+0.2 years for female; +0.3 years for male), Bulgaria
(+0.1 years for female; +0.9 years for male), Romania
(-0.8 years for female; +0.3 years for male).
If we analyze the quartile distribution (fig. 2), then
the discrepancy between the digitalization level of the
dynamics of changes in HLY at birth becomes notice-
able. In the 1st quartile, according to the level of digita-
lization, the average decrease in HLY at birth is -1.8
years for females and -0.59 years for males. In the 2nd
quartile in terms of level of digitalization, the average
increase in HLY at birth is 2.27 years for females and
1.7 years for males. In the 3rd quartile, according to the
level of digitalization, the average decrease in HLY at
birth is -1.71 years for females and -0.99 years for
males. In the 4th quartile in terms of digitalization, the
average increase in HLY at birth is 0.61 years for fe-
males and 0.77 years for males.
The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient bet-
ween the change in HLY at birth (females) in 2017 re-
lative to 2014 and the average DESI in 2014-2017 is
-0.28 (for females) and -0.20 (for females).
If we literally interpret the results, then we can con-
clude that a moderate level of digitalization (countries
from 2nd quartile) is most favorable for HLY at birth.
However, the tools and depth of research do not allow
such a conclusion. Rather, the results obtained cast
doubt on the unconditional effectiveness of digitaliza-
tion from the standpoint of the life of an individual.
Therefore, there is great potential for increasing HLY at
birth. This is especially true for countries that are on
decades behind the leaders in this indicator.
Conclusion. In the EU-28 member states, the pro-
cess of digitalization and the construction of the Digital
Single Market are actively underway. Its positive results
are recorded in the continuous growth of DESI. How-
ever, against the background of these processes, a steady
increase in HLY at birth is not observed.
The digitalization leader countries not only do not
show high levels of HLY at birth, but also can not to
reduce their gap with the countries of the leaders on
HLY. For most of the EU-28 countries, with a deep di-
gitalization level, a decrease in HLY is observed. This
is a very unexpected result.
Thus, the hypothesis that “countries with a higher
level of digitalization will be able to provide higher
HLY for their citizens and its positive dynamics” has not
been confirmed. No positive effect was found.
61,40
65,46
57,09
63,73
62,93
64,07
56,56
62,51
1-7 8-14 15-21 22-28
HL
Y
at
b
irt
h
Group of DESI rank
Female
Male
O. Vyshnevskyi
69
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(58), 2019
Fig. 2. HLY at birth in DESI quarters
Directions for further research. The directions of
further research are related to the consideration of
changes in the duration and quality of life depending on
the level of digitalization in other parts of the world, as
well as their compare with each other.
An important issue for the study is the analysis and
systematization of the reasons for the lack of a positive
impact of the digitalization level on HLY in the EU
countries. As well as it's necessary the development of
organizational, institutional, economic, technological
tools for the effective use of the potential of digitaliza-
tion in order to increase HLY.
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Female
Male
O. Vyshnevskyi
70
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Вишневський О. С. Оцінка показника «Роки
здорового життя» в умовах цифровізації ЄС
У роботі розглядається оцінка впливу цифровіза-
ції на людину. Аналіз літератури показав, що залиша-
ється недостатньо дослідженою проблема впливу циф-
ровізації на кількість років здорового життя. Як об'єкт
дослідження обрані країни-члени ЄС-28, оскільки, з
одного боку, в ЄС входять суверенні держави, а з ін-
шого – це єдиний ринок праці і капіталу. При цьому в
ЄС активно підтримуються процеси цифровізації на за-
конодавчому рівні та виконується робота з побудови
єдиного цифрового ринку. Виходячи з огляду літера-
турних джерел і об'єкта дослідження метою дослі-
дження є оцінка стану і динаміки «здорових років
життя» в умовах цифровізації в країнах ЄС.
Основні результати. Країни-лідери по цифровіза-
ції не тільки не демонструють високих рівнів за кіль-
кістю «здорових років життя», а й не можуть скоро-
тити своє відставання від країн лідерів за показником
«роки здорового життя». Таким чином, гіпотеза, що
«країни з більш високим рівнем цифровізації зможуть
забезпечити більшу кількість «здорових років життя»
для своїх громадян і їх позитивну динаміку» не під-
твердилася. Позитивний вплив не виявлено.
Ключові слова: цифровізація, показник «Роки здо-
рового життя», ЄС.
Vyshnevskyi О. Evaluation of the Healthy Life
Years Indicator in Conditions of EU Digitalization
The paper considers the impact of digitalization on
humans. An analysis of the literature showed that the prob-
lem of the impact of digitalization on the number of years
of a healthy life remains insufficiently studied. As an ob-
ject of study, the EU-28 member countries were selected.
Since, on the one hand, the EU includes sovereign states,
and on the other, it is a single labor and capital market. At
the same time, the process of digitalization at the legislative
level is actively supported in the EU and work is underway
to build a Digital Single Market. Based on a review of li-
terary sources and the object of study, the aim of the study
is to assess the status and dynamics of “Healthy Life
Years” in the context of digitalization in the EU countries.
The main results. The countries leaders in digitaliza-
tion not only do not show high levels in terms of the num-
ber of “Healthy Life Years”, but I can’t reduce their back-
log from the countries of the leaders in terms of Healthy
Life Years”. Thus, the hypothesis that “countries with a
higher level of digitalization will be able to provide a
greater number of “Healthy Life Years” for their citizens
and its positive dynamics” has not been confirmed. No po-
sitive effect was found.
Keywords: digitalization, Healthy Life Years indica-
tor, EU.
Вишневский А. С. Оценка показателя «Годы
здоровой жизни» в условиях цифровизации ЕС
В работе рассматривается оценка влияния цифро-
визации на человека. Анализ литературы показал, что
остаётся недостаточно исследованной проблема вли-
яния цифровизации на количество лет здоровой жизни.
В качестве объекта исследования выбраны страны-
члены ЕС-28, так как, с одной стороны, в ЕС входят
суверенные государства, а с другой – это единый ры-
нок труда и капитала. При этом в ЕС активно поддер-
живаются процессы цифровизации на законодатель-
ном уровне и проделывается работа по построению
единого цифрового рынка. Исходя из обзора литера-
турных источников и объекта исследования, целью ис-
следования является оценка состояния и динамики
«здоровых лет жизни» в условиях цифровизации в
странах ЕС.
Основные результаты. Страны лидеры по цифро-
визации не только не демонстрируют высоких уровней
по количеству «здоровых лет жизни», но и не могут со-
кратить своё отставания от стран лидеров по показа-
телю «годы здоровой жизни». Таким образом, гипо-
теза, что «страны с более высоким уровнем цифрови-
зации смогут обеспечить большее количество «здоро-
вых лет жизни» для своих граждан и их позитивную
динамику» не подтвердилась. Позитивное влияние не
обнаружено.
Ключевые слова: цифровизация, показатель
«Годы здоровой жизни», ЕС.
Received by the editors: 09.12.2019
and final form 19.12.2019
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