О методах изучения домостроительства племен трипольской культуры

Збережено в:
Бібліографічні деталі
Дата:1976
Автор: Зиньковский, К.В.
Формат: Стаття
Мова:Russian
Опубліковано: Одеський археологічний музей НАН України 1976
Назва видання:Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья
Теми:
Онлайн доступ:http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/171044
Теги: Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
Назва журналу:Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Цитувати:О методах изучения домостроительства племен трипольской культуры / К.В. Зиньковский // Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья: Сб. научн. тр. — 1976. — Вип. 8. — С. 36-49. — Бібліогр.: 27 назв. — рос.

Репозитарії

Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
id irk-123456789-171044
record_format dspace
spelling irk-123456789-1710442020-09-09T01:25:53Z О методах изучения домостроительства племен трипольской культуры Зиньковский, К.В. Статьи 1976 Article О методах изучения домостроительства племен трипольской культуры / К.В. Зиньковский // Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья: Сб. научн. тр. — 1976. — Вип. 8. — С. 36-49. — Бібліогр.: 27 назв. — рос. XXXX-0126 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/171044 ru Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья Одеський археологічний музей НАН України
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection DSpace DC
language Russian
topic Статьи
Статьи
spellingShingle Статьи
Статьи
Зиньковский, К.В.
О методах изучения домостроительства племен трипольской культуры
Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья
format Article
author Зиньковский, К.В.
author_facet Зиньковский, К.В.
author_sort Зиньковский, К.В.
title О методах изучения домостроительства племен трипольской культуры
title_short О методах изучения домостроительства племен трипольской культуры
title_full О методах изучения домостроительства племен трипольской культуры
title_fullStr О методах изучения домостроительства племен трипольской культуры
title_full_unstemmed О методах изучения домостроительства племен трипольской культуры
title_sort о методах изучения домостроительства племен трипольской культуры
publisher Одеський археологічний музей НАН України
publishDate 1976
topic_facet Статьи
url http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/171044
citation_txt О методах изучения домостроительства племен трипольской культуры / К.В. Зиньковский // Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья: Сб. научн. тр. — 1976. — Вип. 8. — С. 36-49. — Бібліогр.: 27 назв. — рос.
series Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья
work_keys_str_mv AT zinʹkovskijkv ometodahizučeniâdomostroitelʹstvaplementripolʹskojkulʹtury
first_indexed 2025-07-15T06:25:21Z
last_indexed 2025-07-15T06:25:21Z
_version_ 1837693111163158528
fulltext 36 K. B. 3UHIJK08Cf.Utl pHaJIOB, OTpai)KaeT MeCTHble 3THOrpa$1H'l.J:OCl~JHe n.1eMeH1Hble qeprhl H HiB­ .'IHeT(~ff noKa3aTeJihnoii )J.JIH BhIJI.eJieHmI JIOKaJibHblX BapuanroB KYJJJ>ry­ ·phI. C 3TOH TO'-IKH 3pemrn .H ipaiccMa11p:aBa1eMh1e an11pomJ1Moip¢1Hhl·e ¢1H­ rypKH, Bblpa:tKafOmHe H,Ll,eOJIOrH'-!eCKHe npe,Ll,CTaBJieHHH ,ll,peBHHX 3eMJJe,ll,e.llh­ U·eB JI•eBo6epe:tKHODO TIQH!H30.Bb51 ,U'ynaH, HBJIHIOT.C·H 0)1.HHM ·H3 npi1!3H81K()B, yKa3blBafOmHM l!a JIOKaJibHOCTb BoJ1rpa,ll,cKoro aapnaHra B paMKax sHeo­ JIHTH'-leCKOH KYJlhTYPhl fyMe.1hHHUa. K. B. 3HHbKOBCKHff 0 METO,UAX 113Y4EH115I ,UOMOCTPOl1TEJibCTBA DJIEMEH TPHDOJibCKOVI KY Jib TYPbl MetOJI.HKa IIOJieBoro 1i3yqemrn ocrarKOB :tKHJIHm rpano.1bCKOH KYJih­ ryphl Tuna «m10maAOK» acer,ll,a 6w1a B uenrpe BHHMaHHH yqeHbIX, 3aHH · MaBIIIHXCH uccJie,ll,oBaHHeM TpunoJJbH 1, H, nO,ll,BepraHch KPHTHKe, coaep­ meHcTBOBaJiaCh 2. 0JJ.HaKo npouecc pa3pa60TKH HOBblX MeTO,ll,OB H BHe,ll,peHmI HX B ap· xeoJiornqecKyJO npaKrnKy CJIO)Ken H He .!JnIIIeH ourn6oK. TaK, 3aMelleHHhI~ eme B Ha'-la.1e H3Y'-leHHH rpHilOJibCKHX naMHTHHKOB orne'-laTKH ,ll,epeBHHHblX KOHCrpyKUHH nocrpoeK He qrnKc:npoBaJIHCb qepre2KaMH, a JIHlllb OilHChIBa. JI'liiCh e yKa3aJHHeM o6IUero HanpaBJI1eiIDHH. ToJIMW B 1969 r. so spe1Mfl sKc­ neJI.HUHH, B03rJiaBJIHeMoil: E. K. 4epHbilll, BnepBhJe 6pr.11a npe,II,npHHHra nonhITKa rpaqrnqecKu H3o6pa3HTh cJie.U.bl ,ll,epeBHHHhIX JJ.era.1eii, orneqaraB­ illHiX1Cff 1Ha ·rJIH>IUIJHOH o6Ma3K·e. C.1Je,a.osare.1bHo, .no 3THX nop 6e3B03B,parno yrpatIHBaJJrn 6orareifurnfi M arepua.11 o AepeBHHHhIX KOHcrpyKUHHX .D:OMOB, BCTpeqaeMblH npu HCCJie)J.oBaHHHX rpUilOJibCKHX naMHTHHKOB B retieHH~ necKo.1bKHX ,n:ernrn.lleTHH. Hey,ll,a'IHbIM npeJtcraBJIHercH raK:tKe cnoco6 H306pa1KeHH51 CTIJIOIIIHOH ryurnpOBKOH Ha qepre:IK:aX 060:1K::tKeHHbIX )J.~ CO· erostHHH llIJiaKa ytiaCTKOB I'JIHHbl, qpe3BhltiaHHO 3arpy,n:HHBllIHH aHaJIH3 HX HHrepnpermi;HH KaK Meer pacnoJ10:1K:eHHH neqefi u oqaroB 3• MneHHe H. <I>. EeJJHllleBcKoro o TOM, qro :tKl!BOTHbie-3eMJJepou Mory1 nepel:lOCIITb 60.'IbilIOe KOJIHlleCTBO HaXOJJ,OK ITO.II. 3aJJeraHH51 o6o:tK:IK:eHHOR rJIHHbl 4, a raK:tKe He,ll,oo~eHKa poJIH pa3pe3oB npu pacKonKax «nJJoma· 1 3Jl.eCh H .n;aJJee TepM1HH «n,1omanKa». yrnnpe6JJlle'!1Cll cyry6o yc.110B110 BCJie,n; 3a H, <I>. DeJ!llllleBcKHM, cnpaBeJUliHBO c'lil!:acllumM, tJTO OH He oTpa:IKaeT xapaKTepa o6neKrn, npencraB.'!lHOlll,ero oCTa'IlK!H r.'IHHOOHTHOH ITOCTpOiiKJH (H. $. Be JI !I Ille B c K H li, B. x B 0 ii­ K a. PacK"orrKili HlO!l r. B 06.rncTH 'PpHno.'lbcKoii KYJihrypb!. - AJIIOP, T. III. K., 1904, c. 116). . z ct>. B -0 JI ·Ko ·B. ffo noBOAY Ha.lllHX aeoJJ.11T.w1ecKHX Haxo;'l,OK c KepaMHJKoii noMHRieHcKo· ro THna y c. KMOJl.HCTOro, 3BeHHropon:cKoro ye3.n:a KHeBCKor'f ry6. AJIIOP, T. IL K., 1900; H. <I>. 6 e JI' H lllit~·B e K «H li. PacKOHKH H'a MOCTe 11ecmHTHtJecKoro noceJieam1 c Kepa1MH· K•o·ii .ll:OMIHIKetHcKom THIIla y ~· Ko.JJo;'J,•HcTor·o 3001mropoJJ.c.rooro.ye3J1.a KHeBCKoli ry6.-AJIIOP, T. IL I(., 1900; B. B. X Bo HK a. PacKonK!H B 1901 r. B 06.1acTH TpHnO.'lbCKOH KYJibTyphl.- 3PAO, T. v. Bbln. 2. Cil6.,. 1~04.; T .. c. n .a cc e'K. nepuo.n:HSaumi: TPHl1();Jlbc.K{)H .. KYJibTY· phi. - MHA, Ng W. M.-JI., 1949; C. H. B H 6 HK o B. · 0 peTpocneKTHHHOM BOCCTa.HOBJie­ RHlll apxeoJJorm1ecKHX ocTaTKOB Ha. Mec·nax 3a.10raHHli. - KCHA, Bbm. 9. K., 1900, c. 43-46; M. M. llIMarJiiH, B. n . .ltYJJ.Kili:, K. B. 3iHbKOBCbKHH. npo KOMnJJeKCHe BHBl'.JeHHll TPH•niJ!bCbKHX noce.JJeHb. Apxeo.10rlll, BHrr. 10. .K, 1973, c. 23-31; K. B. llI H Ill Ki H. 3 npaKT.llKIH Jl.emmppyBaHHll aepoljlOT03HiMKi·B y apxeoJJoritJHHX 11,i.lJHX.­ AipxooJiorill, BHn. IO. K., 1973. 3 CM. qepTeJK;H B KH.: Tp1mlJJbCbKa KYJJbTypa, T. I. K., 1940; T. c. IlacceK. ne­ pnO,L(H33U'lHI TpllITOJ!bCKHX noceJJeHiHH ... 11 .l!;pyrnx ny6J]HKaH:lll1X. 4 H. B e JI ll Ille B c Kn fl. YKas. co'!., c. 154-J 55. 0 MeToiJax U3y'leflUfl iJoA!OCTPOUTeAbCT8a nMMeH. rpunoAbCICOiJ. KYAbTYPbt 37 JI.OK», KOTOpaH CBeJJa HX KOJIH'IeCTBO .no MHHHMyMa, cra.'IH Ha ,llQJ!roe Bpe­ MH cepbe3Hb!M npenHTCTBileM ,ll,.!J51 npaBHJ!bHOI'O HCTOJIKOB3HHH ocrarKOB rpHUOJ!bCKHX noctpoeK~ ero yKa3aHHe Ha Heo6xo,n:HMOCTb BCKpb!TH:H o6'beK­ ra Ha urnpOKOH IlJIOma)J.H B OTJ!Ilqne OT pacKOTIKH TpaHllleHMH HeBOJ!bHO 06pe.10 xapaKrep nporuBorrocraBJ1eHI15l. MeTOJI.HKe, craBHmeli ueJihK> noJJy­ qenHe npocj:>uJieii, a Bnoc.1Je)J.CTBHH npnnHBllleern B npaKTHKe, cra.110 o6me­ npHHHThIM MeTO)J.HqeCKIIM IlO.TJO:tKeHHeM, Il03BOJIHBllIHM o6X0.1lHTbCH crpa­ rnrpacj:>HtieCKHMH ,ll,aHHhlMH 06 06'beKTe, noJJylleHHbIMH .J!Hlllb npH 38lIHCTKe creHOK pacKona 5. TaK Ha,ll,oJiro yTBepJI.IIJICH e.1lHHoo6pa3HblH IIO:ZI.XOJI. K HH­ repnpeTaUHH «nJJomaAOK» II Mero.ll HX HCCJJe.llOBaHHH 6 . Dpe,llTIOJIO}KeHHe, qro 3a.!JeraHil51 o60:IK:}KeHHOH rJIHHbl 5IBJIHIOTCH ocraTKaMH IlOJIOB }KHJIHm, YJI·O:IK:·eHIHhIX 1He1rnoqpe,ll,CTBeHHO !Ha 3eMJIIO, Ji:OJ11ro c..1yJKHJIO oc.noBaHHeM .U.JIH BhI,ll,e.lleHHH .B KatiecTBe «pannero ropH30ura» HH:>KeJJe:IK:amux HM 7 H ,lla}Ke Jierno B ocuoBy xpoHoJioruqeCKoro pa3,ll,eJieHHH naMHTHHKOB rpHIIOJJhCKOli KYJibTYPhI 8 • ,Uo He,ll,aBHero speMeHH orcyrcrsoBaJJH .u.annble o KanuraJJhHhIX cre­ Hax IlOCTpoeK, 6e3 KOTOpbIX, HCXOJJ,Sl TOJ!bKO I13. CJie,llOB npocreHKOB, He.'Ib- 351 cyAIITh o nJJannpOB'Ke ,Ll,OMOB, KaK 3TO 6bIJIO C.lleJiano E. 10. Kpw:ie13- CKHM H T. c. nacceK 9. 0'-!eBH.llHO, orcyrCTBile Ha)J.e}KHOI'O MeTOAa Bb15IB· JieHHH crpOHTeJibHbIX ocraTKOB H HX ;rnrepnperaUHH HBIIJIOCb cepbe3Hb1M npemncrBneM )J.JJH onpeA.eJieHHH nJJaHHPOBKH :IK:HJIHm H noceJieHHH. TaK, 6oJihIIIHM ynymeuI1eM oKa3aJJoc:o :n3y'-leHne rpnnOJJhCKHX naMHTHHKOB mypcj:>aMH H rpaHllleHMH raM, r.n:e ue ncrpe·qaJJIICh «nJJomaAKH». AnaJJn3:npyH ourn6KH II npoH3BO.'IhHble .n.onymeHHH, :nMeBllIIle Mecro yJKe Ha ypOBHe MeTO)lilqecKHX ycraHOBOK IlOJieBh!X HCCJ!ellOBaHHH, CJ!e)J.y• e.r o6paTHTb BHHMaHHe ua )J.Be B3aHMOHCKJllOllaJOmHe I'HilOTe3hl HHTepnpe­ TaU'HIH «JI.1orn..aJJ,01K», 1B ,cooTtBeTCTB1IIH e 1KOTOphIM\H O,ll,HH Ylle.HhI•e e'l!Hr.aJJiH ·HX ocTarKaMH :IK:HJJilm, .llpyrne ocrarKaMH norpe6aJibHblX coopymeHHH 10. DpH 3TOM H re :n Jtpyrne ocHOBhlBaJIHCh Ha JI.eiicTB:nu orHff, KoropoMy no.n:­ sepra.'IHCh crpoHTeJJhHble H 6bJTOBble ocraTKH, o6'b5ICHH51 ero B O,llHOM cJJy'-!ae KaK conpoBO:IK:,Ll,eHue KYJJbTOBbIX u~peM'OHHH, B JI.pyroM - KaK cnoco6 C03,lJ,3HIIH IlOJIOB JKIIJIHm, npanJJ,a, He IIMeJOmHii aHaJ!OrHH B npaK­ THKe MHpOBOI'O ,ll,OMOCTpOHTeJ!bCTBa H COBepllleHHO HeUeJJecoo6pa3HblH 11 , XOTH H Cb!rpaBllIHH onpe,lleJJeHHYIO pOJib B yTBep:IK:,lleHHII. HHTepnperaUIIH «ITJ!Oma)J.OK» KaK OCTaTKOB )K:Il.'Ib!X coopy:tKeHHH. JI1060IIblTHO, lITO B o60HX cJJyqaHx yqeHhle OCHOBhIBaJIHCb Ha 0.llHOM H TOM JKe - Ha ,lleHCTBHH OI'HH. Cr1paHH-O, qro HlliK'DO H3 HC:CJ!e,ll,oBaTMeii, oopamaiBIIIHXCH K npooJieM.; T1pH!IlOJibCKHX )K:HJIHm, He np:n6eraJI K ()l~OOKe CTpOHTeJ!blHbIX HOpM, peKOH­ crpyHpyH HX CJIO)KJHhle ocra11KH, 3' reM 60.11ee He crpeMiHJIOH K Hi3ylleHHIO rno1pHi11.Ka pa3pymeRHH IliOCT:pOeK H cnell.H$IH1KIH 13'TOOO m.pouecc.a. M.l!HyH 3ror Ba:IK:Heiimuli 3Ta'n, a ra'K:IK:e JI.pyrne He Menee HY:IK:Hhie crynenu HCCJie- 5 H. <t>. Be<1IHUJeBCK111li, B. XBOHKa. PacKO!llKJH 1901 r. B o6JiaC'l1H TpilHWJJb· cKofl KYJibTypbl ... ; A'Ka·.n:eiMiiK M. BiJI~meBCbK'l!ii. - T:KY, T. I. K ... 19126, c. 6; .n. A. AB· .n y c ,11 H. CTWieBaH apxeoJJo.nrn CCCP. M., 1972, c. 180. 6 €. IO. K p 11 'H B c" Kn fl. flpo6.ire:1.m TpHniJJbChKHX 1w10111,a1.!lO'K Ta ix iHTepnipeira- u.:11. Tipnni•'lbcbKa KYJ1b11}1pa, T. T. K., HMO. · 1 E. K. 4 e p111 bl Ill. Y:Ka3. cotJ. a C H. B H 6iH IK o B. 0 XiPOHOJJOrntJeCKOM pa3)le.~eHH•H TpHno:1bll A H 'l'Jma fyMeJib· HH.IJ,bl (A;riJI.eHh II) Ha I0ro-3a.na)l.e CCCP. - VII Me.lKllYHaij)OJIJHblH l!iOH!ipecc JJ.OHCTOpH­ KOB H IlpOTQiHCTOPllK().B. M., · J966. 9 E. IO. K 1p H "! e IB c IK IH Ii. YKa3 COil.; T. c. n a cc e K. DepHO!ilJH3311,Hll TpHil0.1Jb• CKHX noceJJef!1HH ... 10 K. B. 3 i H b K o s •c h K !I li. Hpo6.rreM a TpHniJJbCbl!iHX rmo111,aa-0x y cBiTJJi Hosnx JJ,aiH.mt - Apxeo.1orill, a11n. 15. K., 197'5. . 11 K. iB. 3 iH H1 b K o a c K 11 ii. HoBble .n:aH>Hble K poooacTp)'IK'll.HiJf '!1Jl'lfilMbCKHX JH,'JlJllHU\. ..... OA, 1973, N2 I. 38 K.. B. 3unb1eoec1euu JlOB3HHH, c,quraJIOCb BTIO.'I.He ecrercrBeH<HbIM :rnpm:ry:nHTb K peKOHCTPYKII.HH ,!lOIMa ,g ,!l3:1Ke TIOpHA'Ka pa3Mern:eHlrn HHBeHrap1H, 0CtHOU3bIB3'HICb JIHWb Ha co6CTBeHHhIX BTietJaTJI8H'HHX H BOChMa rrpOH3BOJibHOiM nipHiB•'IeqeHHH .9THO- npa¢1H'lec'K'HX aHa.i'IOf\HH 12. . Hpa1KTHKa pa6or B 06Jia1crH. JI,OMocr,ponre.rmcrna ·onpeAe.JJHJia· npor­ paMMY . tt3yti:eHHH lKHJIHIJJ: c I.J,eJibIO peKOHCrpyKI.J,HH. TipeJKJI,e Bcero neo6- X0'11.ltMO Y·CT3~0IBlHTb qHICTO rex1rn:qei0Kioe COOTBeTrCTJBHe MarepHaJia H CJie­ )J;OcB ax ynpoucrBa ~03MO:JKrHb1'M crpoHTeJI&HhI1M KO.HcrpyKII.HHM. HanpH:.i:ep, ocrarKH nepeKphITHH ABYX- i:urn rpexina:arnoro cooppKemrn. onpe.l(eJIHIOT Ha~HqHe MOllljHbIX CTeH H HanpaiBJieHHe HX TIOHC!Ka, H 1rno>6opor, M31CCHB­ Hh!H !}>)'iH,l(aMeHT I103BOJIHeT npe,n.no.1a1raTb BepTHiK3Jlb.HOe pa3•BH'l1He TIQ­ crpoii:1KH. 3areM CJie,l(yer BhlH'CHHTb TIOCJie,!l.'01BaTMbHOCTb pa3pymeHHH H xa­ paKrep COIIlpOBO}l:{,l(arorn:nx ero H1BJieHHH no .9THOrrpacjmqecKHM ,rr.aHHbliM ,l(rJIH onipe.u.eJieHHH B03MO.ir@ocrell: C•OxpaHemrn B apxeoJiorH'l!ec1KHX ocrarKax CJie,l(O•B Tex HJIH HHhIX KOHCrpyiKI.J,HH coopy.iKeHHrH, ·npocJie,n,H1B reH,l(BHUiHH rJ.poueoca yHmq1o}l:{eHHH nocrpofiKH no,n, .ue:ikrnHeM uc·Kyccr1BeHHhIX H ecre­ ctBeHHhIX cj>aKTOpOIB (rTIO,!l.iKOlf, pas6op:Ka BeTX.IfX nocrpo.eK, npHpO,!lHaH cwxi:rn: H r . .u.) ~ c yti:eTOM WKoro HCCJ!e,l(OB8HHH Bbipa6arbrnaeTtH MeT()Jl n.e.1ooanpaB­ JieHHOTO TIOHIOKa CJie,Il.OB TIOTOJIKOB, cTeJH, Meer npOXOJl;OB >H JI,pyrnx 3JieMeH­ TOB coopy2Kemrn. 0oHapy2KHB .n.ocToaepHhie cJie,l(bI ocHoBHhIX KOHcrpyKn.ttif ,l(OMa,. CJieJJ.yer npHcTynHTh K BbIIIOJIHem1ro npe.unapHTeJibHOH rpacjHitJeCKOH peKOHcrpyKII,HH, npoaepHH crponreJibHhie B03MOlKHOCTH BOCCTaHaBJUrnae­ Moll: nocrpoifKH nyreM pactJeroa. · . . PeaJihHocrb nocc03JJ.aHHoro coopyJKeHHH Heo6xo.n:HMO no,rr.TBep.l(HTh .9KcnepHMeHroM, CMOJJ.eJIHJ?OBaB npon.ecc crponreJihCTBa nocrpoflKH n ee p.a3pyrneHHH, rrpnBe,Il.H MOJI,eJib B cOCTOHHHe, 6.'IH3KOe K 'apxeoJioriiqecKHM ocrarKaM, H ycraHOBHB HX TOJK,Uecr:ao. TipH nOJI02KHTeJibHOM. p'e3yJihTaTe peKOHCTPYKII.HlO MO}l:{HO cqttrarb BepHoil: B OCHOBHhIX .n.eraJIHX, BKJIIOti:aro­ I.U:HX npe}l{,n,e .Bcero creHbI H npocreHKH, a raK.iKe nepeKphITHH, onpe.n:eJIHJO" tll,He IlJI3HllpOBKy. ,UOMa H MaTeptta.'lbI, H3 KOTOpbIX. OH BbICrpoen, 'ITO HMe­ er. perna10rn:ee 3HatJeHtte AJIH BhIHcHeHHH 9THO-KYJibTYPHOH HCTOpHH .l(peB· HHX. HapoAOB. Bhtcory .l(BepHhIX npoeMoB, a TaK2Ke Q:>opMy u paaMep oKoH B03MO}l{HO. ycTaHOBHTh, onHpaHCh JIHillb Ha MOJJ.eJIH )!{HJIHI.U:, HaXOJJ.HMbie Ha Tp~nOJihCKHX noceJieHHHx 13• AnaJI.ornqHoe MO:IKHO · cKaaaTb :H o peKoH­ crpyKI.I;'HH KpbIIil, TI.QIClKOJII:>KY ,HX C.'I•e,l(bI ;rnpn ,PaCKOTIKax npa1Krnrq1ecKH 1He­ y.'IOBiHMbl. 3mor:patjliH11ecKHe ;U.aHHhI<B . B 9TIOM C.'ly'l!.ae .He1Ha,n,eJK1HbIH •ttcroq­ mnt HanpttMep, Ha YKpanHe H B MoJI,UaBHH 30He HaH60Jihrnero pacnpo­ crpaHeHHH rpHnO.'lbCKHX DJieMeH - ce.iJbCKHe rJIHH06HTHhie .lI,OMa HMeror trnor,n.a OOJio:MeH.Hy10, KaMbIWOBYIO HJIH fJIHH06!HHYlO. KpOBJIIO, ·. npHqeM B nepBbIX. ll.BYX c.1yqa51x IlOCTpofiKa HMeer JJ.OIIO.'!HHTeJibHOe !IIOMern:e1me B BH,Il.e ti:ep,n,aKa, qTo HCKJiroqeno npH IlJIOCKOH c ne60JibWHM HaKJIOHOM Kpmne, 3a6yroBaHHofi rJIHHOfi. TaKHe .iKe no ycrpoil:cTBy .UBycKarnhie rJIH· 12 L.I\ozlowski. Budowle kultury ceramiki malowanei W·swiefle badan przepro­ wadzonych w I\oszylo;vcach, Nezwiskach i . Buczazu. Lwow, 'I 9\30; T. C. rr a cc e K, E. IO.~ K iJJ ,H q e B c K H n. T•pH!ITOJibOK~ noce.1eH11e KovmMHlirn;.HHa (Oirrb!T peiKOHC'I'.pyK- U:HH). I(CHHMI<, Bhln. XII, 1946, M. JI. MaKap.e1Bnl!. 06 HA!WJioml!ecroHx rrpei!l.­ eTa!BJreHJHIX y Tp1mo.'!00Knx. nJieMeH. ~ 30AO, T.. I (31.4). Oii:occa, 1960; Y .. Pa u 1.. Tn lega;tur~ l~cu:ntelor de syprafata cu platforma din asezarile culturHor Petr~ity s1 Cucutem·Tnpohe; ~ SCIV, t. >18, N L Bucutesti, 1967. T. I1 a •Cc e !K. l/pllnOJJbCl!{He .MOD:MH lKl!JlllU~. BJU1, N2 4. M., 1938; T. r. M 0 ll- IU a. 0. HeKOTOphlx MOITT:'7~Hx .IKH.~nm; 'llpllrroohK:umii Ky.wr.y;ph!. K:COfAJ\11 3a 1962 r. 0.rr.e~~' 1964; H. ~ um 1 t r es cu. Un modele de sanctuaire decuuvert dans la station eneo 1 htique de Casc1oarele. - Dacia, n.s;, t. ){JL Biucuresti 196& Apxecm.oriH Bllrr l !\., 971 (rwe-rHa51 &:KWTett~a). · ' · ' · · · · · ' - .. \ ·' 0 Meroilax usytteftUJl OOMOCTfJOUTeAbCTBa n.11e.Meft rpuno.A.&CIWU KY.A.f>TUPbl. 39 H06H'I'Hble. KpOBJIH HacTOJlhKO ynJIOI.U:eHbI BO H36e2KaHHe CMhIBa rJIHHbI, 'ITO qep)laKH H3-3a orpaHHqeHHOH BbICOTbI cJiy}l{aT mil.Uh Ten.'IOH30JIHIJ,J{OHHbIM ycrpOHCTBOM, ,LJ.e-ra.1H33UHH BHeurnero ocj>opMJieHHH JJ.OMa Ii ero HHrepbe· pa, y'lHThIBaH HeBblpa3HTeJihHOCTh n Ma.1oqHcJiettnocTh T?.KHX ocraTKOB, KaK rnryKarypKa, OKpaCKa Ii ,n,p., M02KeT ,n,onycKaThCH JIHUih ycJIOBHO rrpn HCTIOJib30BaHHH )laHHhIX MO,IT.eJieH rpHno.1bCKHX }l{HJIHI.U:, IlOCKO.'IbKY .. BpHJl JIH B03MO.iKHa HX IlOJIHaH H,II.eHTH!}>HK3IJ.HH c pea.'!bHbIMH nocrpo:HKaMH, HC- CJie,Il.OBaHHhlMli B IlOCJie,n.Hee BpeMH 14• . . . ifipaKT1HIK3 'HCC.'!e,LJ.OB81HHH BOH:pO.OOB ip·C.KOIHCr:pyK!U\Hili 1KHJI•HIJJ: rH .TIOCeJI~­ HHH no H3Jio.iKeHHOH nporpaMMe no,n,rnep.II.H•'Ia ee II,eJiecoo6pa3HOcTh H nepcneKrHBhI. fJiaBHOe npenMyrn:ecrBo npmrnTOro HanpaBJieHHH 3aKJiro­ qaeTcH B Heo6XO,II.HMOCTH DOCTOHHHOro pa3.BHTHH MeTOJlHKH, B TOM l.J:IiCJie H TIOJI.eBoro H3yJ.IeHHH naMHTHHKa 15• 8ro Il03B0•1HJIO CAeJiaTb HeO.iKH)J.aH­ Hble OTKpbITHH B TI.113HHpOBKe H ycrpoi'icrne He TOJibKO OT,UeJibHbIX nocrpo­ eK, no H Bcero noceJielIHH. B ueJIOM, a TaKJKe BHecrn cymecraeHHhle Kop­ peKTHBhI B Mero,rr. KOMDJieKCHoro HCCJie,Il.OBaHHH 'f PHilOJihCKHX naMH.THHKOB. 3Ha'lHTeJihHbIH BK.'13)1. B COBeprneHCTBOB8HHe npHeMOB no.'!eBOH MeTO· AHKH C,!leJiaH KOJIJieKTHBOM HCC.'Ie,Il.OBaTeJieH c yqaCTHeM aBropa B xo.ue pacKonoK noceJicHHH .9TIOXH pa3BHToro TpHnOJihH y ceJI PaKosen. Ii Bap­ Bapo1BKa B MoJI,n.aBirn no.n. pyKOB()JJ.CTBOM E .. K. qepHbIUI H B. 11. MapKe· Bff'la. TaK, craJ(ii''oqeBHAHhIMH ue,n,ocTaTKH <j>HKCaUHH H ee reXHHKH. 0Ka- 3aJIOCh qro TpaJJ.HIJ.UOHHhie qepTe.iKH B M3'CUITa6e l: 20 C•THillKOM MeJIKH ,l(.'IH n~pe.n.aqn cyrn:ecTBeHHbIX ti:epT 3aJieraHHH OCTaTKOB TpHnOJibCKHX }l{H­ JIHIII,, oco6eHHO B pa3pe3ax; HaH60Jiee nptteM.'!eMbIMH • HBJIHlOTC.H H3o6pa­ :1KeHHH, BblDOJIHeHHbie B MacUira6e l :10. 3cj>cj>eKTHBHhlH npHeM ,UJIH TIOJIY· ti:eHHfl BepHoro npe.ucraBJieHHH o crparnrpacj>HH. «nJiorn:a.UOK» npe,n.Jio}l{eH E. K. qepHbIIII, COCTOHIII,HH B TOM, qTo. B,UOJih JIHHHH p_a3pe3a rrpH pa36op· Ke ocraB.'IHIOTCH ycrynhl HH}l{HHX TIJI3CTOB o60JK:IKeHHOH fJIHHbl. c H3XOAKa· MH Ha HHX. 8ro II03BOJIHeT xopomo npe,n.craBHTb KapTHHY B3aHMOpacnOJIO­ }l{eHHH cTpOHTeJihHhIX H 6bIT0BhIX OCTaTK·OB H pa3pyUieHHfl AOMa, cnoco6- CTJ3 er TO'IHOH IH OObreKTHBIHOH 1qrnKC8!IJ.HH qeipreJK•OM H ¢ 10TOCH.H<MKQM. Bn~pBhie 6hIJrn c)J.eJiaHhI rr.wHhI oTneti:arKOB )lepeBHHHhIX KOHcrpyKII.Hi'i 16~ o60JK2KeHHOH fJIHHe, KO'I'Opb1e paHee JIHillh OllHChIB8JlHCh c yKa3aHneM 0 rn:ero HanpaBJieHHH HX CJie,!l,OB. . . • T•oti:HhliM H •9KiOHiOM'HtIIHhIM oKa3a.i1CH M-erOJl TIOKBa)lpawott ¢moc'WM~ KH c IBhitWThI 6 M, ITTJPeAJio1KeHHhIH B. 11. Ma;p1K€\BHll!eM, nepe,n,a10~HH o6beMHOCTh «nJiorn:aJJ.KH». B .n:eHh MOJKHO orcHHTh nJiorn:a.n:h AO 200 M H noJiyti:HTh pa6oti:He orneqarKH B ycJ'IOBHHX noXoAHOH cpoToJia6oparopHH, ror,n.a Ka.K qepre}l{HHKY )J;JIH BblTIOJIHeHHH IIJiaHa «nJIOI.U:a,llKH», 3aHHMa,ro­ III,eH AO 100 Mz, ·I10T:IJe16yerCH He Me1Hb!Ille Mecfllll;8. 3T•OT MeT•OllI: 'TeXHHllteCK·H 14 MHaro.'!eTHRe nccJie:n;osa•HIJlill noce'!e1mii: 'll}llHillOlllbCKaii KYJibTJ;pbI yc'lla>HOBHJI!l paaBn­ TYIO 00pilf301!1Ta.'!I>HYIO, a BOOc.1e;:{CTBHH Beprnr1rn:JlbHYIO rr~aH~poBIKy )!{rl!.'!Htl{. 0.QH3KO M-O·D:e­ Jlll nocTpoeK c rraMH'!1HlHKOB TpnnOJIBCKoii n poncrBeHHOH en KYJihrypbl fy:Me.'lbHHUbl nepe· JHllOT JJIJ6o onHoKaMepHoe ( apxaH'IJHae?) coopyi1rnmre, JLHDo u:eHTpaJrbHoe rrm,iemeHne AQMa c rnprH3HaKa~rn Bep11H11rn.'lbHoro pa:mll'll!!H (MWJ:eJll+ us Cyum-OB!KH H ITonyAHJH), Jrnoo BHern­ Hllli BHD: llOCTpOH•Kill, KOTOpblH JTI03BOJIHeT cyJ(HTb TOJ!bKO 0 Bep'!mK~"1bHOH l1JlaHlfpOBKe )i{iH· JIHlll;a (MIO,ll,eJJb us PoccoxyB•arK!l) H 11acrmrno o rop·H30ma.1hHOH Ha. y;poom~ sepxHero :::iTa)!{a no MOAeJL!l 1'13 ryMe.1hlHHIJ,Koni 110.ceJJeHW! }\3c111ttoapeJie. C11Ie.uosaTe.1nmo, na,HHbie ~mneJIH MoryT CJ!Yll{'!lTb .'mlllb KOCBel!HblM !!O)lTBep)!{.!l.eHUeM roit HJIH HrHOH j)el«l!JICTPYKU!liH. 15 B. A. •fop-O;'.l;ll!OB·, paryH sa -06'heK'l'HIBIIb!H JTQJJ.XQJ(, cpalBH!llBa.'! 'llCCJieJJ;O'BaTeJIH. c •neuoM itHnr.lf (cM. ApxeoJrornH, T. I. M.-JI., 1923, c. 16). OnHarKo on, K co.lKa.neH1nio, ne yi:rnrhrna.lJ, 11ro «iKill1Hra» a•pxeo.'!ornqecKillx llCTO!'lJH'.l!KiOB, KarK nrparuiJio, rpe6yeT cneuuqrn'le­ CKOW MeTona qreHJIH. Han6oJiee 06'.beK11n&HblM npeJJ.crarBJIHeTCH yKa3alll!e <I>. B0\1llKOBa 0 Heo6JCO>ll;iHMOCT.H ITOCTOH!HHOH pa31pa60TKH rrpaeMOB paOKOillill B sarBllC!lMJQCT,!J OT xa:PaJITepa o6'heKTa If ue..1eii HCCJIMOB,arHHH (cM. <I>. Bo JI Ko a. YKaa. col!., c. 138}. 40 K. B. 3wtbKOBCKUil ycoBepweHCTBOBaH HaMH H HeOJl.HOKpaTHO npoBepeH Ha TipaKTHKe. Mbt npHMemvur JierKyro pa36opHyro .. H yJJ.o6Hyro TIPH TpaHcnopTHpOBKe CTaHH­ HY H cnycKOBOe ycTpolicrno, TIPHfOJl.HOe Jl..TJH cpoToaTITiapaToB pa3HbIX cuc­ TeM, HecJio;>Knoe TIO KOHCTPYKU.HH. HaH6oJiee npHrDJl.HbIMH Jl..TJH c'beMKH OKa3aJIHCb aTITiapaTbI THTia «CMeHa» H «JlI06HTeJib». Cepbe3HOH Tipo6JieMOH CTa.TJa TiepeJl.aqa cTeTierrn o6:arnra rJIHHbI Ha qepTe)l{aX, IlOCKO.i'IbKY TIPHMemrnrnaHCH . CHCTeMa yc.TJOBHb!X o603HatJ:eHHl! yKpenJIHJia HeBeprrne TipencTaBJieHHe 06 aBTOHO!>fHOCTH HeKOTOpbIX ytJ:a- . CTKOB Ii TipaKTHKy HX H)J,eHTHcpHKall,HH c pa3JIH'IHhlMH BHyTpeHHHMH coopy­ )l{eHIMIMH B JI.O:\rnX (iHa!IlpUM6p, TietiaMH)' !He OTpa,:>H:aH n·C'CTen·eHHOlCTll .nepe- 1X>OJI.a OT CH.1biHOOtOO)l{)l{CH<HhIX K 1cJiai601oi6ot1KiKBHHb!M MelCTaM 13a.TJera11mH ,C"~po­ HTe.llbHhlX OCTaTKOB. TiepeJJ.aqa UBeTa H ero OTTeHKOB B MecTax Tiepexo.n.a, oco6ernro TIPH CJIO>KHOH raMMe KpacoK, xapaKTepHoi'r )l.JIH TPHTIOJibCKHX «TI.1oru.aJl.oK», c noM01IU,hIO u,,Bemw.ro .pucyH1Ka c.1oiK1Ha u 1cyi6oe!KTH.B1Ha, a TaKJK>e ,ney~o:oHa TIPH Tiy6JIHKaII,HH. Tia::1ToMy u.e.1ecoo6pa3Ho H306pa:>H:aTh CTeTieHh 0611rnr'l rycTOToii TOtJ:eK, TIPHHHTb!X na emrn1n.1,y TIJibill,aJl.H TIO !llKaJie, YtIHTbrnaro­ ru.eli COO,TBeTCTBHe CHJibI o6iKHra H U,BeTa fJIHHhI 16 • . no.neBbie HCCJie)l.OBaHHH PaKOBU,a H BapBapoBKH-8, TipOBe)l.eHHhle c noMOill,bro yKaaanuhlx MeTOJJ.OB, TI03BO.i'IHJIII CJJ.eJiaTb cJieJJ.yIOIU,He BblBOJI.hI. KpynnoMacwTa6Hbie, qepTeiKH H ipoTOCHHMKH, a TaK:>H:e TIJiaHhI ornetiaT­ KOB JJ.epeBHHHhIX Hal{aTOB TIOKaaaJIH, qT,O «TI.10IU,a)l.KH» HBJIH!OTCH OCTaT­ Ka1'rn r.1HHHHOH aa6yTOBKH nepeKphITHH )1,0MOB, HMeBWHX BeptHK8JlbHOe pa13!BHTHe "'. COlnocTa:BJieHHe mJia111101B, ,oTpaiKaIOIU,HX 1crene1Hh oiOilKHra, H ·C,T­ neqaTKH )l.epeBHHHbIX IWHCTpyKUHH c pa3pe3aMH CBH)l.eTeJibCTBOBa.110 0 TOM, trTo ytiactKH 3aJieraHHR ctpo1neJibHhIX ocTaTKOB, TIP!IHHMaeMbre 33 CJie)l.bl 1neq.ei'r,, HeCMOTip1H :Ha dI,pw-1y~wiliBbie 1cpop<MhI, 1npeJiiCTaB.r:lHIOT <Ipe3:BhI­ tl:aiiHO ,n;ecpopMHpoBaHHYIO no:>H:apoM rJIHHHHYIO 3a6yTOBKY nepeKpbITHH ill)O·Ma. TecttaH :CBH'3b n1pouec1rnB 1paa16op1rn II cpIIKca1U,uII, 'Heoi6xo\ll;HMa>H rnpH pacKOIIKe TPHTIOJihCKHX )KHJIHill,,. TI03BO.JJHJia y:IB:e B xoAe noJieBhIX IICCJie· )1,0B.iiHHH pa3rpaHHqHBaTb OCTaTKii BepXHiiX Ii Hii:iKHHX TiepeKpblTiiH, a TaK­ ;>Ke CBH3aTh HaXO,lJ.KH c OTipe)l.eJieHHb!M 3Ta)KOM nocrpoii:KH. «TI.101UaJl.KH», HBJiflIOIU,HeCH ocTaTKaMII .noroJIKOB. )KIIJIHill.,. ObIJIH OT­ KPhlThI n Ha II03)].HeTpHnOJibCKIIX rraMHTHHKax BapBapoBKa-8 H Bpbrn3eHh­ Ub!raHKa B MonJJ.aBHH 18• MaTepHaJibI pacKonoK H pa3Be)l.OK Ha 4epKac­ ru.nue TIOKa3aJIH, 'ITO H 'B 3TOM pai'IOHe pacnpocrpaHeHHH TpHnOJibCKOH KYJibTYPhI rrocrpoiiKII IIMe.TJH BeprHK8JlbHYIO nJiaHIIpOBKy, KOTOpafl npHMe­ HHJia•Cb, ino JJ.aHrHbIM pa<CK•Cill01K 1II01ceJiemrn BipeM•ecHH .pa<Hueno T:prnnoJihfl AneKCaH.npoBKa .B .OJJ.eccKoH: 06.rraCTH, Y*e B Ha'!aJie 0pa3BHTHH Ky.1bTY­ pbr 19• EcJIH JJ.OOaBIITb, 'iTO npeATI0.1o:IB:eHne 11. Tiayn o pa3BHTHH nocTpoH:­ KH BBepx TaKiKe OCHOBaHo Ha rraytJ:eHIIH OCTaTKOB THIIa «IIJIOIU,a,ll;KH» Ha pyMbiiH•cwoii reppIItopHH H ra1K11e '3aJierannH oootJK·iKeHHoii: r.11H1Hhl HIB.TJHIOT·CH xa1pa1KTepH01ii: <IepTOH TPHTIOJ.lbCKH:X na1M\f!TiHH'K01B, T'O ;IJ.10M c IB·epTH!KaJibiHbIM pa3BHTHeM MOiKHO C'IHTaTb OCHOBHhIM THTIOM noctpOHKH Ha noce.'IeHHHX 16 o. A. 'Ky Jl b c b Ka, H. n. n y 6 i u b K a. By .iJ:!.ne.'lbHi M.aTepiaJI11! rpcrmi.!JbCbK.Oi Ky.'lbTyp!!. - · Tp1nnii.i1bCbKa Ky.'lbTypa, r. I. K., 1940, c. 332; K B, 3 H H b Ko B c K H ii:. YKaa. coq., piHc. 1-2. 17 .no.npo.6iro 06 3TOM cM. K B. 3 11HbKo.BcK1H :i1. HeKoropb!e HrorH pacKOIIIOK pa~merp1mo.%1()Koro noceJJeHIH! AJieKcan.npoBKa. Te:1ll ll:Orrosineii XV HayKoBoi mH<jlepeH- llii IA AH YPCP. Oneca, 1972. 18 B. 11. Nl a p Ke u H "I. I1Torn pal'SoT MoJJ.J.\aBcKoif Heo.1HrJiqec'f{ol\ 3Kcne,ll;H!J,l!f!,. - AO 1970 r. Nl., 1971. . 19 l\. )3. 3 11 H b IC() IJl c I!{ 111 ii. f{eKOTopbie ilJTOI'H pa'OK\>ll<;>K ... O Meroaax uay•w1w1 8oMocrpoureAbCTBa rueMeH. rpunoAbCKOU KYAbTYP!Jl .41 tpHno.'IhCKoi'! KYJihtyphI. Mb1 noJIHOCThIO npHcOe)l.IIHHeMCH K MHeHmo E. K. 4epHbIW o cxoJJ.CTBe TpHnOJibCKoro H ryMe.TJbHHUKOro Jl.OMOCTpOJ.J­ reJihCTBa 20. TipeJJ.,,10iKeHHaH HHTepnpern11,1rn aaJierattnM: 060:>H:iKe1i'Hof1 rJIHHbl, 06- ycJIOBHB cepbe.1rnyro IIOCTaHOBKY Bonpoca 0 KaTIHTaJlbHbIX . CTeHaX )l.OMOS, crroco6Hhrx BhIJl.ep>KHBaTh narpy3KY HeCKOJihKHX nepeKphITHH, 3actaBHJia TiepeCMOtpeTb H rrpe.u.npmrnTh TIOilbITKY ycoaepweHCTBOBaTb MeTOJI.HKY HCCJieJJ.OBaHHH JJ.OMocrpmneJihCtBa TpHnOJihH. Ha ocnoBaHHH apxeo.1orn­ qecKnx H 3THOrpacpH<IeCKHX )l.aHHbIX, a TaK)l{e co6cTBeHHbIX Ha6.TJrop.eHHH aBTOpOM BbICKa3aHO rrpeJJ.nO.TJO)l{eHHe, qTo Hecyru.He KOHCtpyKUHH noctpoeK 6hIJIH r.JJHH06HTHbIMH 21 • TpHno.TJhCKHe «1nJioru.aJI.Kn» 3a.TJeraroT, KaK npaBH­ JIO, B HHiKHeM OT)l.e,,1e qepH03eMa, a rJIHHOOHTHhie He060iK)l{eHHhle OCTaTKH o:Ka:3bl!B8IOTC>l'I \BOIBJiell!eHHblMH IB nip10il.l,ecc [l'Oll!IB0,016paBO'BaH'HH {He lfO'B>CJipfl y)Ke o pacnauIKe TiaMHTHHKOB), reM He MeHee uaM yJJ.aJIOCh Bblpa6orarb Me11o:rr. cl6Ha•PYJKeHH1l'I Q,CTaTIKOiB creH. ABTopoM 1npoBe;neHbl Ha6.TJro,neHHH HaJJ. coBpeMeHHOH ce.TJbOKOH r.TJHHOO'Hrnoii: apXHTeKTyipoii: Y1KpaIIHhI H MoJI,i:r.a1BHH ·H 1rnpoueoc.a- MH 'pa:arpyrneHrrH aerxHx H 'CI'opeBrnnx •noctpoeK. BhIHCIHHJIOCh, '!TO ICTe!HhI cTIOKHHYTOI'O ~OMa IBHatiaJie ·IlO)l. )l,aBJie!HHeM IK1pbllllH H ·rre­ peKpbITHH H fBlCJie,QC1'BHe .IIO)l.iMbIBa HX QIC'HOBa'HHH 'MOryT 1pyX'HY".fb Ha:PY*Y ( ecJIH Kphillla crope,,n, na teHJJ.eHU.HH HCKJirogaeTcH), HO noc.TJe paapywe­ HIIH KpOB.'IH CTeHbI HaCTO.!JbKO HHTeHCHBHO OIIJlbIBaIOT, coxpaHHH B TO )Ke BpeMH npOtIHOCTb Ha CJIOM, llTO CMhlTbie "IaCTHUb! fJIHHbl o6pa3yIOT, oco- 6eHHO CHapy:>H:H, Ba.TJ OTIJlbIBa, no,n;)l.epiKHBaIOill,HH nx H npenHTCTBYIOill,HH o6pa30BaHIIIO 30Hbl oc.1a6JieHHH y OCHOBaHHH, TIOKa CTeHa He rrpnMeT BH,(I. e.uaa saMeTH1c1ro iBOXOJIM,,'Ie·HnH, Kcoro:p.oe IB<CKope 6yUJ.eT :aai;1J.e1pnc1BaHo. 3roT npouecc 3aHH:i.raeT OKO.'IO 20 .1et, pa3pyrueHHe pa3MblTOJ'O r.TJHHOOHTa 3a· sep.rliaeTC1H 'etro rrpecl6pa3,0BaHneM 'B "l€ipH03eM. ITI;poTH\BOOOJIOVKHOe Ha16JIIO­ in:ae'f!C'H ITT.pH IH.HIBeJIHIP•OBKe CTa'pbl:X :rJ.Q,C'I)p·OetK 'H 'BOi3IBe)l,1eHHH •Ha HX Meicre 1HOiBhl<X crpoeHHH. BepXHHH CTpOHTeJibHbIH ropH30HT Ha)].e)l{HO KOHCepBHp)ieT HH>K­ HHH, OT.'IH"IHO npe)l.OXpaHHH OT pa3pyweHHH OCHOBaHHH CTeH li ,II.pyrne r.TJH­ HOOHTHbie KOHCtpyKU.HH, II03TOMY xopomo coxpaHfllOTCH OCTaTKH )l{HJIHill, Ha cnHxpoHHbIX naMHTHHKax nma reJIJieH, HanpHMep B CpeJJ.HeH: AaHH 11 BonrapHH, xorn K.TJHMaT HX npHpOJl.HbIX 30H paaJitt"IeH. Y'IHTbIBan pe3yJihTaTbI rrpoBeJJ.eHHoro HccJie)l.oBaHHfl 6hr.rra npeJJ.TIPH· HHTa ou.eHKa MeTOJl.a H nopflJJ.Ka noJieaoro H3ytJ:eHHH ocratKOB tpnnOJib· CKHX )l{HJIHIU,. J13BeCTHO, 'ITO «TIJIOill,-O)l.KH» orneqaroT KOHTypaM rrpHMO­ yroJibH01fO ITIO•.l.1eill,eHH1H HJIH 'PHlll:a co•ce.mHHX JliOMern:em11i'r IB 111.€JIOM. 0JJ,Ha­ KO CTeneHh COOTBeTCTBiiH He ycTaHOB.'!eHa, TaK KaK Kpafl 3aJieraHHH 060)1{­ iKeHHOH rJIHHhI o6hI'IHO nepoBHhie, a HX cpopMa B nJiaHe npHHHMaeT aa<Iac­ TYIO TipIItiyJJ..TJHBbre oqeptaHHH, 06yc.10BJieHHhle uepaBHOMepHOCTbIO npo­ uecca o6iKHra' rJIHHOOHTHhIX KOHCTPYKU.HH JJ..OMa npH noiKape (pHc. 1). CJieJJ.oBaTeJibHO. ocHoBaHIIfl CTeH HY)KHO HCKaTb aa npeJJ.eJiaMH «TI.rroru.a­ Jl.OK», HMeHHO TaM, r)l.e rpaJJ.HUHH npeJI.TIHCbIBaeT Bhl6Hpatb rpyHT, '!T06bl ocrnBHTh o6o)l{iKeHHbie ocTaTKH Ha. «1none». BoJiee toro, HeKotopbie HCCJie­ JJ.pBare.rrn orpaHH'IHBaIOT TI.'IOill,a)l,b paCKOna, OTCTYTI.aH B'Cero Ha 1-2 M OT HpKO BhlpaiKeHHhIX 000)1{\IK:eHHbIX CTpOHTeJihHbIX OCTaTKO'B. TioBCeMeCTHO )l.a:>H:e )l.JIH Jl.BYX-Tpex pa3peaOB, npOXO)l.Hill,HX qepea «TIJIOill,aJI.Ky», He OCTaB­ Jifl.TJHCb 6pOBKH, Heo6xO)l,HMhle JJ..TJH tITeHHH crparmpa4:>HH 3a npeJI,e.'IaMH 20 E. K. lI e p H bl ill. T,pnno.'lbCKHe noceJJeHm! PaKaBeq,, - KCHA, Bbm. 134. M., 1973, 1,:, BO. · ~1 K. ~. 3 :n H 1> x o B c Ku ii. lfoa1>1e p;~1n1b!e K peK0Hc11,py11m,mL., <; •. l47, .. K .. B. 311.H.blWBCKUIJ. : N A --·- f ............... ,:....... . ·w vi 1 "1 ; r:i. .o I) ,. k::J )/ _____ ..... _ ....... \ /'~,,. j ,,.. .......... --------; '.. ..... --~ ·-- .... , I ' ' ' ' 0 fM \ r--1 I I I I I I I I I I c: .­ ' ,_ PHc. I. AJJeKcaH.n;pOBKa. n.1aH pa!"IJOJ10iKeHUll oc­ T~TKOB fJJllH061iTHblX creH IlOCTpOHKH H 3aJiera­ . HHH o66JKlKeHHOH fJJHHbl nepeKpb!THH (pacKon­ KH 1971-1973 rr.): 3aJieraHnii ·Oi601JIOK·eHIH10M lfJIH!HbI, IB 'PO IB:pe~HI 1K31K HMeHHQ. CHCTe­ Ma 16p·O.BOK \ll:JI•.ff 1TI01.TJyqeiHJ1.H ITTip0- (1\0Jib'HbIOC H iTI01II1epeqHbIX p aspe­ BOIB IBpaiCKCIIle IC iH•HTCiptB3JI·OM 2- 4 M 1Il<OOIBOiJIH.TJa rrmeipiBI:Ue Bbl.ff­ BHTb •OITTJibIIBbl H OC'HOiBaHH1.ff ll'JlU- 1H·0:6H'fJHbI.X iCTeH IB 1972 1r. ·CHa\Ja­ Jia iB AJie®caHJllpOBIKe, a saTeM. B MaH.n:aiHOO.K'OM 22• Ta1KHM ·016pa13.0M, y~aJWCb 1rnoJiy1qHTb .np~1cTa1Jme1Hne o ro- 1PH30HTaJih!Hoif ;TIJia1HHp101BKe ctpo­ HTNlblHbIIX 1K>OiMITT1.TJe1KCOIB Ha pa3H 10- :Bl[)eMeH1HbJIX []OiCeJI1eHHH1X. 3Haqe­ >H'IIe 3Tn.x IIl.aHHhlX TPYUJ:Ho nepe­ Olll,eHHTb. Ho-QJeij)IBbI•X, ·O.Kaaa.noieb, l\JTO ><<iIIJI10illl.8lllllrn» C010rrBeTC-l1BYIOT JIH'Illb ll,ewr,pa.'!b1HbI~r .n·o1Memeam- 1SIM Ul'OM·O:B, .aiKpytIB:eHHbIX PH'JlOM Ka1Meip 1TIO,!I,'C10\000IPO· 1HaB•H8i'tl.eHIHI H JIHillie•HHbIX TH[]HqlH01ro .)l,JISI )KH­ Jlb1'X K.O·MHaT IHHBeHTapH, :npe,rr:­ iCTatB.TJeHHO•DO 1pa3H-Oo'6pa3<HbIM 1Ha6opoM nocyAbI, 01py.u:H1fi Tp:yr,:u.a H JJ.p. .Brn-IBTOl{lbl.X, !KWK 1H.a .He- 60.'!blllHIX ·(AJieKCaHtnrpOIB!Ka)' taK H Ha oir1poMHbl1X naMIHTIHHIKax, r111.e .B 1ne1p1B•O-M 1c.11 Yll a e .«ITIJmmaA1KH>~ pa.c·noJiaira101•ciH 1p.H\ZUlMH, a !Bio <B'T01poiM no Kpyiry, 1Bce 1c1,poe­ HH.ff TeiCtH•O ·C01MiKIHYTbI, •Q1qeJBHj1J.iHO, I-II Hll!hl; 1n~1v -OCHOBaHHH rJJHl!06HTHblX JJeCT· B. 11.k:JISI,X .01601poHhI, iKOT.CllpbIM •OT- HH!.(; V CTeHHaj! !\Hrna; VI - •nJJOJI\l.lJ:IKa» .• ll3ellaIOT TaK:JKe IB·epTHI{aJihHaf! Il.'IalHHIPOIBJKa t!l:OM•OIB H 3aMIKHyTa.H - ca1M1H•X 1noceJieHHH. 11, 111aK0He.U,, :Y•CTa­ 'HOIB.,'JeHO, •qT() IHH pa:31Ber.1I!Ka >CTaJibHlbIM ilil)'IIliO,'\f, •HH ;C 1nOM10>lll.bIO Mail"HHT.OM'eT­ pa, ITIOB·BO.'Iff.!Qm.tte •Olnp·.e,JJ;e.1rnTb JIHUlb :K:01HTy1pbI 0;00\)KrlKeHHblX iOCTa'J1KOiB, a Ta1K'1Ke aepO!<P•OlriO·C'beMKa, $HIK:CH1py10m.a'5I <<iTIJIOlll.aJJ;KH», IHeCMiO'I'pH 1Ha .neipc- neKTHBIHOCTb &TOl!'O •MeTOlll.a zs, He 1MOII'YT 0Tpa3:11Tb peaJib'HOIH IITJiaHH•P·OOKH, 'I\PHIIl<OJil:>OKHiX !Il3MISITHHIKOIB, Te>M .60.nee 10T)l,eJib1Hbl'X .)!{HJIHlll.. ; T•eM He ·MeHee :rnocJI·e.mHne !1J.1Ba Mernt11.a :HaM160"11ee BIKOHOMH•'tl.•HbI AJ15I orrpe)l,eJieHH.ff paCJIOJIO)KeHJrn MeCT crpOHTe.lbHbIX OCTaTKOB Ha noce­ JieHHH H nepBool!epe,rr;HbIX aaAall pacKonKH. TaK, reoMarHHTHaH pa3ne.u.Ka TI03BOJrner BbIHBHtb rnyooKo 3a.11era10mue o6'beKTbI, a aaK.11a,11,Ka Tpamuei'1 llIHPHHOH 0,5 .M onpe.n.e.'IHeT HCTHHHble rpaHHil.bI CTpOHTe.'lbHOro KOMfI.lJ.eK­ ca H coorneTCTBYIOlll.He eMy pa3Mepbr pacKona, HaH6oJiee u;enecoo6pa3Hoe paonoJto)KeHHe cem 6ponoK. HpnMeHeHHe MarnHTOMeTpa npHo6perneT 22 K. B. 3 H .H b 1K 0 B c K l!l Ii, H. B .. 3 i!l IH b K 0 B c K a l!. noce.iieni!le A.~eKCaH:!l:pOBKa.­ AO 1973 r. M., :1.973; K 18. 3MHb~OBC\Krnli. He:imroph1e H>T•OI'H pacKonoK .. ., c. 94; H. M. Ill M a r Jl lf H, B. rr. JI. y JI. \K !H .H, K B. 3 H 1H b •K 0 B c Kill. Ii. PacKOf!Kl!l T,PRDQ,1b- CKOI:o rroce.1eRHH. AO 1972 r. M., 1973. 2S M. M. lllMarrJJJiii, B. rr. JI.yinrKiH, .I(. B. 3i.HbKIOBCbKUH. flipo l\:QMl!l- JI>(>KCHe B'fflB'{eHHll rp:H11IiJtb'ChK'llX m:ioeeJJe!Hh; K . .B. · lll ·lf w ·Ki H. YiKae. CCJl'l.. • .. 0 M.eroiJax usy'l.e11.un, iJoM.ocrpoure.AbCTBa nAeM.en rpuno.11.bcKot1. KY.11.bTYPbl -oco6eHHOO 3HaltleHHe !6JiaIT:'O)l,aipSI ;31<li$eJKTHJBHOCTH iTIOiH1CtKa cr,prOHTeJib­ HbIX OCTaTKOB, HaXOA.Hlll.HXCH Ha rny6nue )1,0 1 M H t.foJiee, saKOHCepBHpo­ naHHbIX MOlll.HbIM CJIOeM seMJIR ll coxpaHSIIOlll.HX C.lJ.e)l,bl CTeH JIY1Illle, l!e:w OCTaTKll rrocTpOeK, Jie)Kalll.He He rny6)Ke 0,2~0,4 M OT COBpeMeHHOH TIO· BepXHOCTH H Il03TOMY CHJlbHO pa3pymaIOI11.HeCSI rny6oKOH BCTiaillKOH, illH· pOKO npHMeHSieMOH B HaC'I'O.Hlll.ee npeMH. YllHTbIBa.H onbIT pacKonK11 naMHTHHKOB OT Halla.11a H3y1IeHHH Tpr1- no.11bSI )1,0 HaUilfX )l,Hett, H3.'JO}K.HM OilTHMaJibHb1H Ha cerO)l,HH napHaHT npo- 11.ecca no.nenoro HCCJie,11,oBaHH.ff CTpOHTe.'IbHbIX OCTaTKOB, nponepeHHbIH np aKTllKOH. H36pan o6'beKT pacKOTIKH yRasaHbIM Bblille crroco6oM H onpe,11,emrn npttMepnbie rpaHHil.bI rrpe)l,Ha3HaqeHHOH )l,JIH BCKpbITHH TIJIOlll.a.UH, c.11e.11.y· eT Bbl.f!CHHTb no ,11,aHHbIM TpaHmefi (HX )l,0.'I)KHO 6bITb He MeHee JlBYX B3a­ HMHO nepnettJI.HKy.11HpHbrx) rny6HHY er:o 3aJieraHHSI. EcJIH oHa B HaH6oJiee npn6JIH)KeHHhlX K TIOBepXHOCTH yqacTKaX CTPOHTeJibHbIX OCTaTKOB COCTaB­ JrneT He. MeHee 0,4 .M, .TO MO}K.HO CH.HTb rraxotHbIH C.'IOH Ha rny6HHY ,11,00,2 M MexaHH\JeCKHM .rryTeM, He pHCKYSI HX pa3pyillHTb. ,ll.lJ.H 3TOro npttro,11.eH TOJibKO cKpenep, WOTOpb!M MO)KHO CHHMaTb rpyHT TOHKHMH (,11,0 3 CM) If poBHblMH ~JIOSIMH, Liero HeB03MO)KH0 )l,OCTlffHYTb, npHMeHH.ff 6yJib,11.03ep, KOTOpbIH 3aqacTy10 OCTaBJI.HeT pbITBHHbl If TIJIOXO HHBeJIHpyeT nonepXHOCTb npH yJlaJieHHH 3eMJIH. 3aTeM MO}K.'HO npHCTynaTb K paCKOTIKe JIOTiaTaMtt AO IlO.HBJieHHH 3aJieraHHH o60}K.)KeHHbIX CTpOHTeJibHbIX OCTaTKOB, 3a'IHCT· KY Koropbrx cne,11,yeT npoH3BOJlHTb no)l. pyKOBO.UCTBOM onb1rnor:o corpy)'J.· HttKa, cTapaHCb ocTaBJISITb Ha MecTe ,11,a.}K.e He6oJihllIHe KOMbH rJIHHbI. He­ o6xo,11,HMO o6parHTb BHHMaHHe Ha TO, . qro. B MecTaX pacnOJIO>KeHIHI RM, BblKOTiaHHbIX B TIOJIY IlOMeIII.eHHH HH}frnero 3Ta)Ka, c qeM Mbl He0,11,HQKpaT­ lH() 1CTaJIIrn.BaJIH-Cb, MO}KHO- IBCT1peTHTb 31Halt{HTeJIMf-Oe .cmy1C1Ka1HHe .«ifL:oma.ri.­ KH» .. · KOTOpoe MO)KeT OKa3aTbCH Hey'!TeHHbIM npH CTporo TIOC.'IOHHOH pac­ KOTI~e o6'beKTa H BIIOCJie,11,CTBHH HCTOJIKOBaHHbIM KaK rJIHH06HTHble KOH. CTpyKUHH «HH)KHero roptt30HTa» yrny6JICHHbIX JKHJIHlll. 24• J1yllllleH CTpa­ XOBKOH OT OWH60K B TaKOH CHTyall.HH SIB.'IHIOT'C5I MeCTHbie pa3pe3bl, K llO· MOlll.H KOTOpbIX CJie,11,yeT npn6eraTb B KaJI{,11.0M COMH;neJibHOM c.11yqae, B co­ l!eTaHHH c Tlll.aTeJibHOH. pacqHCTKOH H cp1rncautteH OTTiellaTKOB .11.epeBHH­ HbIX HaCTHJIOB nepeKpbITHH Ha rJIHHHHOH 3a6yroBKe nepeKpblTHH npH pa3- 6opKe. · . . C,1e)l,y10lll.HM 3TaIIOM paCKOIIQqHl;IX palJOT HB.TJHeTCH TIOC.'!e)l,OBaTeJI&­ HaH pa36opKa .CJIOeB TJIHH06HTHbIX OCTaTKOB, ,11,.THl npaBH.lJ.bHOro BbI~eJie­ HHH KOTOpbIX CJIYJKHT ceTb paspe..30B ll KYJibT)'f>HhIX HanJia;roBaHHH . sa npe,11,e.11aMH «IIJIOIII.8,11,KH», conpOBOJI{,UaIOW.aHCH qrnTOC'beMKOH CBepxy B nJiaHe c yKa3aHHeM HHBe.'IHpOBOqHbIX ,11,aHHblX Ha <j>ororpa<j>HHX KBaJI.pa­ TOB COCTaBJieHlieM nJiaHa HaX0,11,0K,. H .-OTneqaTKOB .n.epena. o6H3a'feJlbHbllC JI.JI~ Ka)K,11,0ro HaC;JIOeHHSI ynaBUIHX nepeKpbITHH OT)l,e.'IbHO. Ho .. OKOHlfRHHH pa3oopKH. KYJil>TypHoro CJIOH noJl saJieraHHeM .o6oJKJKeHHOH rJIHHbI H 3a ero npe.u.eJiaMH npaH3BOJI.HTCH KOHTPOJibHaH npoKonKa » MarepHKe 11a rny- 6HHY )l,0 0,5 .M, HCKJI10Ya51 _anaC:HOCTb OCTaBHTl:I <He3aMeYeHHbIMH HMbI, KO· 24 3Ta omH6Ka, K coma«1eH<HIO,HMeIOIUaH Mecro npH apxeo.'!OrIJqeoronx'11ccJie.ii.0Bamrnx, B TOM 'lrHCJie H '11j)i!mOJlliCKHX H2MRTH.IfKOB, ObIJJa i10.ll.'Bepl1H·YT~ cn.p!!IBe<,11;.~i!IBOii l<.pHTHKe 00 cTo.poHhl E. K.. L!epHhlrn (cM. E. K 4 e pH bI lll, 'YKaa. OO'l., c. st). '.fa:K, ma'1PHMep., .B JlenRosuax, k'lewcarHJI1P01BKe, Pa'1<<>.Blle, .M.aii:JJ..airemwM H . .illPYF·HX rtOCeMeilttffx CBll3!> Ha3e)I· H.blX li yrnyoJieHHbIX 'lRCTeii nocrpqiilKill. ROJl,11JlepJK,11;~TCH H .OOJJTIHK&llbHOll H ·l'OJ>.H-'i~HTaJu.­ HOH crp.arnrpmpHeil, naxo1v1 aHMornu ti y.c:tpo~e !lOAnMa HJil! yrn~ie1111u1 ·no.itys'l'a.lKa IM~ . . K. B. 3u1tti1Coec1Cua TOpbie IIJIOXO qiuaIOTCH B ycJIOBHHX 3aJieraHHH TpHIIOJihCKHX naMHTHHKOB, H MeJIIKHe Ha1XOJl:KH, ICTOilaU3illlHe B K'pO'TOIBHlHbI. nJI•H 1CiBOe1B1peMe·HHO!fO -OtOHarpyi)KeRmI )'if Jly\(iJieHHH 1PeK0Me!HJ}J,ye11c11 IJ1·pon31H)l,,!l,HTb ro1pH30•H1'3.'Ib~ Hble aa<tJ:HCI'KH 1IlC<CJie CHHTHIH 13e!\iJI·H ·Ha 'Ka'JKl,ll,b!H IIITblK ·no IIJIO­ lll.3!Il.H . pa•cnwina. UeJleco·o6pa3HO paciCM·OT·perb lll,P•CIIJ,ec•c noHciKa Heo16o)KOKeHHhl1x rJIHHo­ olfTIHbIX 01CTaTJK01B H iHPeoKt!I.e IB•Ce:rO•CTelH. B.o-:neipiBblX, i6pCIBKH Jl:O,'DK1Hbl rma­ TeJibH·O. H •HOCJie.n,!(JJBa1'e .. 1bH03aqumaTIYCH no"!lie;pe y1rny16Jie<HH·H pa1cK10lfla. 3a HH­ MH Be.n.eTCH IlOCTOHllHOe na6.i'IIO.ll.eHHe B pa3HOe BpeMH .ll.HH H c pa3HbIX 1'011€iK, n:3.:-.1eH!Sf'H pa1C<CTOH•HHe H y1ro,,1 31peHH1H, no,'l, KC•TOpbI:-.1 ipa13,pe3 OCMaT­ pnBaercH. ./KeJiaTeJibHO, qro6br 3THM 3aHHMa.'IOCb HeCKO.'IbKO .COTPYJl:HH· KOB. BpoBKH coxpaHHIOrc11 .n.o OKOHqaHHH pacKonKH, qro oco6eHHO BaJKHo Jl:JIH noJiy11eHn>H n~ocpHJIH rpamneli cpyH.n.aMeHTa crell. Bo-BropbIX, pesyJih· T3Tbl Ha6JIIO,UeHnH ,UOJIJKHbl cpm~CHpOB3ThCH qepTeJKOM H cpoTOrpacpHeH. CJie.n.y~r y11ecrh, 11ro coxpBHHOCTh OC:HOBaHHH H onJ1hlBOB creH H coor· BeTCT•B6HiHO H03MiQJK'HOCTb IBhlH!B.t'IeHH'H HX ·O'CTaTIKOIB 33BHC1HT •OT ino11.BeHHhl•X ycJioBHH. TaK, B BH3KHX THiKeJibIX cyrnuHKax AJieKcaH.z1:poBKH npn oTJIHq- .. HOH coxpaHHOCTH ocHoBaHnii: creH n cpyH,naMeHTa ua BhicOTY ,no IM onJibI· Bbl l!HTaIOTCH oqeHb TIJIOXO, a IlO.'IOJKHTeJibHblH pe3yJihTaT ,UOCturaeTCH MHOrOKpaTHblMH OCMOTpaMH H H3yqeHHeM 11epHo-6eJibIX II UBeTHhIX H306- paJKeunli pa3pe30B, noJiyqeHHhIX cpororpaq:rnqecKn. Ha Meuee nJIOTHhIX rpyuTax B Maii,naHeUKOM pa3MhIThre r mmo6nTHhie ocraTKn oTJ'rnqHo npo­ c.11eJKnBa10rcH B pa3pe3aX, Tor.na KaK OCHOBaHHH CTeH npn paCKODKe Bbl· ,ll,eJI!5IIOT1CH c Tpy,noM. fl.O!C'KClllhKY COXJparHHIBU1H€C·H CTeHbl HJIH HX <PY'HiJl:a'.\H~HThl OT.i'IHlllaIOT•Cf! no IlJIOTHOCTH OT OKpyJKaIOruefI 3eMJIH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT xapaKTepa rpyHra, OTKal!lbitBaTh HIX H pacr1rn.ruaTb .rl;OJI:lKeH C'OT1PYJJ.1HH1K, HMe10rurnli 160v'IMIIYIO npaK­ T.HKY 3eMJI{OIK01fl;HOH 1pa160Thl H X•01p1omo rqyrsc'I1ByIDII(HH H3MeHeHJff! ITIJIOTHCCTH B 1npou.eoce 1K101nKn. HanpH·Mep, e·c.,1n ;a AJieKcaH.mpoiBKe 6hlJIO 1cpw3mrncKH TPY.Il.HO no OillH6Ke nepeKonaTh ocuoBaHHe rnmro6IITHOH CTeHhl; TO B Maii­ JJ.a1He1UIKOM [10!1l·Ol6Hble OiCTaTKH 6hIJlH :QltJ:;HIIUeHbl ·OT i3>eM.i'IH VC·HJIUHJMH H€C!KOV!b· ·KHIX iH3)"1IIHbIX ICOe'rp~iHH1KOIB H •OtilblT1Hbl1X par60111nx illiPII \IIO~CT<015IH1HO·H 1CIBepKe c .naHHhlMII ·pas•pea1CIB. KoppeJIHll.IIH cpororpacp1111ecKnx H qepTeJKHhIX nJiaHoB, cpnKcnpyIOruux OCTaTKH .n.epeBHHHb!X KOHCTpyKll,HH IlOCTpOHKH H pacnO.'IO:lKeHIIe HHBeHTa· pH ,B IlOMemeHmi:x, c paspe3aMH II cpororpacpHHMII, Bhl'IlOJIHeHHhlMH B paa­ JIHl!HhIX paKypcax, Il03BOJIHeT COCTaBHTb ueJIOCTHOe npe.ucraBJieHne 0 pac­ KOilaHHOM o6'heKTe H ero mi:aHnpOBKe, qro oco6eHHO BaJKuo nptt nocrn­ HOBKe 3a,ll,aqn ero peKOHCTPYKUHH. Mcno.'lhsoBanne npe.zwoJKeHHoro Mero.ua pacKonKn ue T0.1hKO no.u- TBep.ntt.10 cpaKr BepTnKaJihHoro pa3BHTH.H TPHrIIOJihCKux ,UO'.\fOB, Ho a o6· Hapy~H"10 nx CJIO:lKHYIO ropnsouraJihHYIO n~11auapoBKY B AneKcan)J.pOBKe rt MaH.Il.aueuKoM. Ec.rrn B PaKoBue y,Ila.rroch 3acpHKCHpoBaTb cJie,UbI JIIOKa c ~OMOIUhIO Koroporo coo6ruaJIHCh noMerueHHH Bepx1rnx n Hn:iKunx ara ~ JKeH, TO B AJieKJCaiH!llP'OIB.Ke ObIJIH OTKiPh!ThI OCH0BaHH1H fJI'll1HOi6H1'1HbI1X JieCT­ HHU, Be.nyruttx Ha BTopoii aTaJK ,UOMa n uaxo.nm:unxcf! B Henocpe.ncrneHHOH CBH3H c npoxo,IlaMH, coe,UHHHBillHMH IIOMemeHHH KaJK.noro .9Ta)Ka '(pHC. l). BJiaro.uap5I cpnKcau.nn OTneqaTKOB ,ll,epeBa H BHHMaTeJihHOMY H3yIIeHHIO reKCTYPhI, BbIHCHH.10Ch, l!TO nepeKpblTHH C03,IlaBaJIHCh II3 TBepJl:blX nopo,ll, ,llpeBeCIIHbI (Jl.y6, 6yK, rpa6) H COCT05I.'IH H3 CilJIOIIIHbIX HaKaTOB, BK.110qaB­ IllHX pasnoo6pa3Hhie .n.eramr: rop6hIJIH, ti:eTBepryrnKn, nJiaxn a r. Jl.. JII0- 6onh!THO, ti:ro Ha taKHX pa1rnerpnno.1hcK11x naMHTHHKax, Kah'. TionoB~fopou. H AJieKcaH.n.poBKa, B orJinqHe QT .npyrnx noceJieHnii cpe,Iln c.11e,ll,OB .n.epeBa Ha OOOJK.IB.:eHHOH fJIHHe BCTpeqeHhl TOJihKO OTneqaTKH 6peBeH, a KO•'IOTblJ~ 0 MeTooax U3y'leH.Ufl OOMOCTpouTe.llbCT8a nJte.M.eH. TpUnOAbCICOtl ICY.ltbTYPbl. 45 ,IleTaJIH npaKr11qecKH orcyrcTBylOT 25. He cBHJl:eTeJihCTByeT nn aTo 06 arHo­ rpacpwrecKnx paaJinq1rnx no ypoBHIO crpoHTeJihHOH TexHnKu? B AJieKcaH.n­ posKe 0Tne11aTKH .uepeBa noKaaaJIH npncyrcTBHe ueHTpaJihHoro onopttoro 6pyca, nb,Il,ll,epJKnBaBmero uaKaT nepeKphitHH, a B Ma:f!JI,aHeUKOM y.naJIOCh 3acpHKCHpOBaTh coe.nHHeHne KOJIOTbIX .nera.1eii TOpUOIJbIMH CTOpoHaMH, qTo TaKJKe npe,Il'TIOJiaraer l:!a.1u11ne onopbl. YcraHoBJieuo, 11TO uanooJiee .nocro­ BepHbIMH OCTarKaMH ne11eft f!BJIHIOTCH raK Ha3bIBaeMhie 3a.11eraHH5I «IlJIIiT· qaroli o6Ma3KH», .lJ'Hme'.HHOH paCTHteJibHOH npHMeCH, B OT.1HqHe OT uacbl· rueHHOH eIO rJilfHbl nepeKpbITHH, npe.ri,craB.THBIIIHe, oti:eBHJl:HO, IlOJl:hl OtlB)K­ HhlX H neqHbIX coopyJKeHHH. 0J{HaKo ,!l,aJKe CaMbIH orpa6oraHHhlH MeTOJJ. paCKOilKH He pemaeT BOnpoca peKOHCTPYKUHH CTpOHTe.1bHbIX ocraTKOB, XOTH B coqeraHHH c .naH­ HhIMH 3THOrpacpII11ecKoro Jl:OMOCTpOHTeJihCTBa MOJKeT .narh MarepnaJihI Jl:JIH C03)J.3HIIH npe.uno.11araeMbIX cxeM IlOCTpOHKH B OCHOBHbIX qeprax, KOTO'pbie, KaK yKa3hIBanoch, HYJK.Ila!OTCH B no,llTBepJK.ue1rnu pac11eTOM H aKcrrepnMeu­ TOiM, mpeilK!Ue 11eM rneipeihH K iD.eTaJihlHOMY' 1Bi010C03,!I.aHHIO co,opy;)K'eHH'H. KoMrrJteKc .9KCnepnMeHTaJibHhlX pa6or Haqar B 1972 r. H cTaBHJI ra-: KHe 3aJTI.all.fn. Bo-:nep1Bhix, lll!})C1B•eip1Ky 1B>0'3MOOO:HocrH co3Jl,aHHH 1r.11H•HH-Hio·.n.epe­ BHHHhIX uaCTHJIOB c TIOMOIUh!O KOCTpOBOfO o6JKHra (no npe.nnoJIOJKeHHIO H. <t>. Bem1meBCKoro, E. IO. KpHqeBcKoro, T. C. TiacceKJ. Bo-srophIX, MO!UeJIH!pOiB3•}IHe C11PO·HTe.'IbC'l1Ba H, lfJla!B!HOe,. 1rnpou€'c,ca 1pa0,pyirneHH5I IIiOCT­ po1ft1KH; no1rn16rneft IB 1pesyJihra1·e III1o)Ka1pa, ,u .01nipeui.e.1eH11e reiH,n:eiHll.l.ll'H ee npeBpalll.eHnH B apxeo.1orn11ecKne ocraTKH. C aTOH ue.1hIO B ypotrnrue AJieKcaH,IlpOBKa 6bIJI c,ne.11au Hacrn.1 ns .uepeBHHHhIX npyrheB, HMHTnpy!O­ muft IB Ma1Cill1Ta6e l : lO •H31KaT 6pe1BeH JieipeKpblT·H<H noMelll.eHH•H T1PHIIIO.'Ib­ !CIKOfO :i'KH .. 'IHIIll.a cpeJJJHH•X <p 33Me1po1B, 1noKphITbl1H 1rJIH>HOH •C IIljpHMelCblO TIOJIO· BhI. Ha.u nJioll(a,IlKOH pa3MepaMH l,4X0,6 M 6bIJia yJioJKeHa noJieHHuua cy%eB BblCOTOH 0,4 M II IlOJl:OJKJKeHa. M3-3a CHJibHOfO JKapa ccj:lororpa­ cpHpOBaTb no.'Ib1xa10mnii Kocrep yJlaJIOCh JIHlllh c paccroHHHH 5 M. TeM ue Meuee r.'IHHa oKaaaJiach JIHillh c.1erKa o6mK:iKeHnoft Ha Ma.1eHhKOM yqw cme; ocraJihHaH qacTh nJIOllJ.aJ(KH 6bIJia npocro xopomo BhrcyrneHa orneM, ,U•elpe'B.HHHaf! CrOHOIBa eJl,Ba ·Oi6yrJIIIJiaCh Ha (!{10<H:Il.3X, OiCT31B'lllill1Cb .C·01Be1pillleHHO ueJiofi. TaK erue pa3 06uapy:arn.1ach uepea.1bHOCTh nHrepnperaunn rpH· III{l"11h<C<KHOC «i!IJI.Olll.a!ll:OK» Ka K llCKYCCTIBeHHO coe.naHHbIX IIlYT•e,M %OCT1P{l1B'01ro 06)K1rra IlOJIOB JKHJIHIU. nJIH ycTaHOBJieHHH XapaKTepa CJieJl:OB OrHH, COXpaHHBillIIXCH Ha QC· raTKaX TPHilOJibCK'HX )KHJIHIU, HaMH, HCXO,UH H3 COBpeMeHHbIX npeJI,CTaBJie­ HHH ,o 1Kowcr1pyiK1unu TpunoJibCKH1x )KHJIHW: H Ma11epHaJiax, n1pJIM,eiHHiBIIIll'X­ cH .npeBHHMH MacTepaMH, 6bI.1 nocTaB.'IeH .9KCnepnMei:lr. UeJihlO ero HB.'IH· .10Cb BOcnpoII3Be,l(eune npouecca crpOHTe.11bcr1:ia Jl:OMa, a raK)Ke ero pa3· pymeHHH nyreM: no,IlJKora c nocJ1e,nyI01ueli HJJ.el:!THcpHKauneii pa3pymeHHoii MOtll.eJI,H II a1p1xeo.1.0rn1qeicKHX OCTaTIKOIB THJila «!IlJI-OiIUa•,U10K». IL~O\ll.eJih Jl:\BY•X- 3TaiJKHO!fO lll•OMa 16h1Jia 1BhirIIOJI1HeHa ;a Ma.crmra16e 1 : 10 OT paeMepc1s TPHIIIOJih· CKOro JKHJIHlU.a cpeJI,HeH BeJIHqHHbl, ee paaMepb! I35X55 CM, .BbICOTa 70 CM. CreubI TOJillJ.H1HOH 8 CM c.n.eJiaHbl ·ll:3 CMe•CH lrJIHHbl c UOJIOIB01H, HaCTHJihl l1 1e:p­ .na11uoro H MeJK,nyaTaJKHOro nepeKpbITHH B BH,Ue CIIJIOillHhIX HaKaTOB H3 KOJIOThIX ,nepeBHHHhIX ,n:,eTaJieii ObI.'lH sa6yroBaHbl rnHHOH c pacrnTeJihHOtt ... npnMeChIO; noJiyKpyrnaH Kpblrna, BOCC03,U3HHaH ITO MOJl:eJIH JKHJIHIUa U3 P·oc:coLxy1BaT11rn, npc1,UOJihHbre 16aJIKH Koro•poft 1onHpaJIH1Ch •Ha cp1po1HT·OHbI r-0.p­ I.I.OBhIX · cTeu, 6bIJia noKphlra KaMhIIIIOM H o6Ma3aHa rJIHHOH. B HHJKHeM 25 M. )I. P y JJ. 'H H h ch x It Ii. Hoo.asrop!OllChKHii B!UIB ·KyJH>TYPH MaJibOBa:Hoi Ke.paM1i·K1t.­ AHTpono.'!orisi, T. III. K, 1930; K B. 3HHhKOBCKUii, H.B. 3H<HbKOBCKaH. ;',.Ka3. CO'!. 46 K .. B. 3UtiblW8CKUil 3TaLKe 6bIJI ycTpOeH rJIIIH06HTHblH oqar H BblMOCTKa Ha ,ZigpeBHHHOH oc­ HOBe .Zl.JIH npoBepKH npe,ZI;IIOJIO:>IrnHHH 0 cyrn:ecTBOBaHHH IIO,ZI.06Hb!X BbIMOC­ TOK H noJioB Ha .ZI.epeBHHHhIX HaCTHJiax B TpHIIOJihCKHX :>KHJittrn:ax. B I H II 3Ta:>Kax MO,ZI.eJIH 6bIJIH IIOMern:eHbl BOC'.IIPOH3Be,ZI.eHHbie B MHHHaTIOpe cocy· JI.bl ;H .*'eHcKHe craTyeTKn., 1016o·:>K1:>KeH1Hh1e 1nptt T,eM1nepaType 300°1C, ,pa10KoJio­ Th1e KOCTH, OCKOJIKH KpeMHH H rpaHHTa, HMHTHpyrorn:tte opy.ZI.HH H3 3THX MaTepHaJIOB H OTXO,ZI.bl HX npOH3BO,ZI.CTBa. yqHThIBaH, qTO HH apxeOJIOrttqecKaH npaKTHKa, HH 3THOrpaqrnqeCKHe Ha6JIIO,ZI.eHHH CJie,ll.OB IIO:>Kapa IIOCTpOeK, OCQ6eH'HO rJIHH06HTHbIX, He ,ZI.aIOT KaprttHhI, aHaJiornqHoli TOH, KOTopyro npe.ZI.CTaBJIHIOT ocTaTKH TPHIIOJihCK!:!X )KHJillllll: (IIIOJIIHOe iBbI1ropa1HHe lZI,e!peBa, Ol6:>K.rnr M•O,III!HOIH :fJIHHOOHTIHOIH Bai6y­ TOBKH ,ZI.O COCTOHHHH IIIJiaKa, .ZI.ecpopMaUHH cocy,ZI.OB B pe3yJihTaTe pacnJiaB­ JieHHH H T. ,ZI..)' HaMH BblCKa3bIBaJIOCb npe,ll!IIOJIOLKeHHe 0 npe,ZI.HaMepeHHOM yHaqTo:>KeHHH noceJieHHH c acnoJib30BaHHeM .ZI.OIIIOJIHHTeJihHhIX 'roproqttx MaTepHaJIOB, HaMepeHHO IIOMern:aBIIIHXCH B ,Zl.OMe 26 • .ll.JIH npoBepKH 3TOH rHIIOTe3bl MO,Zl.eJib 6bIJia CO:>K:>KeHa c HCHOJib30BaHHeM ,ZI.OIIOJIHHTeJibHOro TOIIJIHBa - rn:enoK, KOTOpbIMH 6hIJIH 3anOJIHeHbl BCe ee IIOMern:eHHH, B npH­ cyTCTBHH rpynnbl apxeoJioroB. B pe3yJihTaTe noJiyTopaqacoBoro HHTeHCHB­ Horo ropemrn TOIIJIHBO H ,ZI.epeBHHHhie KOHCTPYKUHH BhiropeJIH noJIHOCThIO, OCTaBHB JIHlllb neneJI, 3a6yTOBKa nepeKpbITHH pacKaJIHJiaCb ,ZI.OKpaCHa, npo.ZI.OJI:>KaH 3aHHMaTb CBOe nepBOHaqaJibHOe IIOJid:>KeHHe, B TO BpeMH KaK CTeHhl H Kpblllla, oqeBH,ZI.HO, BCJie,ZI.CTBHe 60JibIIIOH TeIIJIOOT,ZI.aqH B aTM.occpe­ PY ocTaBaJIHCh e,ZI.Ba TeIIJihIMH. 4epe3 4 qaca, no-BH.ZI.HMoMy, B pe3yJihTaTe OXJia:>K,ZI.eHHH KpbIIIIa H 3a6yTOBKa nepeKpbITHH pyxHyJIH O,ZI.HOBpeMeHHO, a creHhI, cJierKa ouo:>K:>KeHHhie H3HYTPH, ocTaJIHCh CTOHTh. Pe3yJihTaThI 3KC­ nepttMeHTa CB!:l,ZI.eTeJihCTBYIOT 0 HaqaBIIIeMCH pa3MhIBe CTeH H rJIH'H06HTHOH 3a6yTOBKil: OCTaTKOB BblHOCa Kpb!IIIH, ymaBIIIHX CHapy:>KH IIOCTpOHKH, B'CJieJL­ CTIBH'e 1qe1ro •016pa3•01BaJIICH ,BaJIHK 01IIJibI1Ba, H,ll;etHTH'q1HbltH IHaOJIIQ)J;aeMO­ MY npH :pa3•pymeHnH 1creH 3a6ipoiI1IeH1HbIX 1rJIHiH016HT•Hb11x lZI,01MOIB, JIHIIIeH­ HbI:x IKipbliIIIH. l-fayqeHHe H pa360pKa CTpOHTeJihHbIX ocraTKOB 1rnyTpH MO,ZI.eJIH IIOKa- 3aJIH, qTo CBepxy 3aBaJia Jie:>KaJIH CJia6oo6o:>K:>KeHHhie H He IIO,ZI.BeprIIIttecH o6:>Kttry OCTaTKH 3a6yTOBKH KpbIIIIH, qaCTO o6parn:eHHble OTIIIeqaTKaMH Ka­ MbIIIIOBOH OCHOBbl BBepx; IIO,ZI. HHMH HaXO,ZI.HJIHCb KYCKH o6Ma3KH qep,ZI.aq­ HOro nepeKpbITHH, a HH:>Ke - MOHOJIHTHbIH CJIOH 3a6yTOBKH Me:>K,ZI.Y3Ta:>KHO­ ro nepeKpbITHH c orneqaTKaMH, o6parn:eHHhIMH KHH3y. Cocy,ZI.hI H CTaTy3T·· KH, HaXO,ZI.HBIIIHeCH B IIOMern:eHHHX II 3Ta:>Ka, CHJlbHD cMeCTHJIHCb K HX nep­ BOHaqaJibHOMY IIOJIO:>KeHHIO, HeKOTOpbie H3 HHX pa36HJIHCh; nocy,ZI.a B I 3Ta· :>Ke OCTaJiaCb Ha MeCTe, O,ZI.HH H3 cocy,ZI.OB 6bIJI pa3,ZI.aBJieij o6JIOMKaMH 3a6y1'0BKH rrepeKpbITHH, KpeMeHb OT :>Kapa np1!06peJI 6eJibIH UBeT, a KOCTH o6yrJIHJIHCb . .r:r.e·peBHHHaH BbIMOCTKa BbirOpeJia, a ee rJIHHHHOe IIOKpbITHe pacTpecKaJIOCh H npoceJio. CTeneHh o6:>Kttra H ee ocJia6JieHHe Ha nepncpe­ pttH OCTaTKOB nepeKpbITHH H KpbIIIIH OKa3aJIHCb aHaJiornqHblMH 1rn6JIIO­ ,ZI.aeMbIM npH paCKOIIKaX TpHIIOJiblCKHX «IIJIOrn:a.ZI.OK». TaKHM o6pa30M, npe,ZI:noJiarneMaH peKOHCTPYKUHH .ZI.OMa IIOJIHOCThIO IIO,ZI.TBep,ZI.HJiaCb MeTO,ZI.OM MOAeJIHpOBaHHH, BnepBbie HCIIOJib30BaHHbIM B npaKTHKe apxeoJiornqecKoro HCCJie,ZI.oBaHHH apxttTeKTYPHhIX ocTaTKOB. Xa· paKTep pa3pyIIIeHHH nocTpoiIKH 110,ZI.TBep:>K,ZI.aeT npe,ZI.noJio:>Kem1e. o npe,ZI.Ha­ MepeHHOM CO:>K:>KeHHH TPH'IIOJibCKHX IIOCeJieHHH, HCKJIIOqa51 HX rtt6eJib OT 06h1qHoro no:>Kapa, a CTeneHh o6:>Kttra H noJio:>KeHHe ynaBIIIHX rJIHH06ttr­ HhIX KOHCTPYKUHH tt.ZI.eHTHqHhI 3aJieraHHHM THna <<'IIJiorn:a.ZI.OK». 26 K. B. 3 ill H b K 10 B c K H H. HeKoTop.bie morn pacKOITOK ... , c. 95. Q Meroaax usytteHUR aoMOCTpOUTeAbCT8a nAeMeH TpUnOAbCKOll KYAbTYPbl Puc. 2. CxeMa pa3pyrneHHSI tpurrOJJbCKOH rroctpoii:Ku: J-11 - O'lepel\HOCTb pa3pyweHHll lKHJ!HWa; J - rJIHHllHall 3a'5yTOBKa Kpb!WH H fie· peKpb!THll; 2 - 11epeBl1HHbJe HaKaTbl rrepeKpb!THll H Kpb!WH H ee KaMblWOBblll HaCTHJI; 3 - rJIHH06HTH~ll rHl\POH30JlllU.HOHHall OTMOCTKA.; 4 - OlIJlb!Bbl cTeH; 5 - coxpaHlllO· mHeCll OCHOBaHHll CTeH; 6 - HaXO)\KH '5b!TOBOro HHBeHTaoll: 7 - o'50JKlKeHHble ocTaT· KH 3a6yTOBKH rrepeKpb!THH H Kpb!WH ( «lIJIOma11Ka»l: TO'!KaMH noKa3aHbl y'laCTKH, HaH'5oJiee no11eepraIOmHeCll 803)\el!CTBH!O OrHll · llPH llOlKape; 8 - KYJibTypHb!ll CJ!Oll,. OTJIOlKHBWHHCll Ha rrony rroMemeHHll I nalKa. 47' TeH,ZI.eHUHH K pa3pyIIIeHHIO Heo60:>K)KeHHblX OCTaTKOB, H npeLK,ZI.e BCero CTeH, IIIQ)I;TBe;p:>KJI.aJOrn:a:HICH MHOIPOq11.cJieHHbIMH 3'11HoOrpa1cp11qeCiKHMH 1Hai6JI10.­ ,ZI.eHHHMH, HaXOll.HT OTpa:>KeHHe B apxeoJIOrHqecKHX OCTaTKaX II~CeJieHHH AJieKcaH.ZI.pOBKa H MaiI.ZI.aHeUKOe H cnoco6cTByeT HX opaBHJihHOH HHTep- npeTaUHH. rlpaKTHKa TaKoro HCCJie,ZI.OBaHHH OTKpbI·BaeT lllHpOKHe B03MO:>KHOCTH MO.ZI.eJittpoBaHHH npoueccoB cTp011TeJihCTBa H pa3pyIIIeHHH .ZI.JIH orrpe,ZI.eJie­ HHH ,ZI.OCTOBepHOCTH HHTepnpeTaUHH CTpOHTeJibHbIX OCTaTKOB H peKOHCTPYK­ UHH :>KHJIHlll: ,ZI.peBHHX Hapo,ZI.OB. ConocTaBJieHHe pe3yJihTaTOB 3KcnepHMeHTa. 3THOrp acpttqecKHX H apxeoJiornqecKHX ,ZI.aHHbIX II03BOJIHeT npe,ZI.JIO:>KHTb peKOHCTpyKn1110 pa3pyIIIeHHH TPHIIOJibCKOro ,ZI.OMa BIIJIOTb ,ZI.O npeBparn:eHHH B apxeoJiornqecKHe OCTaTKH, OTpa:>KaH HX IIOCJie,ZI.OBaTeJihHOCTb H xapaK- Tep (pttc. 2). rloKa3aB CJIO:>KHble IIYTH CTaHOBJieHHH MeTO,ZI.HKH HCCJie,ZI.OBaHHH ,ZI.OMO­ CTpOHTeJibCTBa Tp!:!IIOJibCKHX IIJieMeH, KOr,ZI.a MeTO,ZI. HHOr,ZI.a npHBO.ZI.H1' K HCKJIIQqHTeJihHblM TIO CBOeMy 3HaqeHIIIO OTKp.bITHHM H, Hao6opoT, npe,ZI.IIO· JIO:>KeHHe onpe,ZI.eJIHeT MeTO.ZI. It3yqeHHH npo6JieMhl, MO:>KHO ccpopMyJIHPOBaTb CJie,ZI.yIOrn:He OCHOBHbie .Bb!BO,Zl.bl, . 1. PeIIIeHtte npo6JieM .ZI.OMOCTpo11TeJibCTBa ,ZI.peBHHx Hapo.ZI.OB MOLKer 6hlTb i0cy1rn:ec11BJieHQ TOJibl!W 1KOM11IJiell<JC1HbIM iilotZI.~MOM, IBKJIIOqa10rn:nM Me'TO­ ,ZI.bl He TOJibKO IIOJieBoro HCCJie.ZI;OBaHHH,. HO H HHTepnpeTaUHH CTpOHTeJib­ HbIX OCTaTKOB c ueJihlO peKOHCTPYKUHH )KHJIHlll: H IIOCeJieHHH H npeBparn:e· 48 K. B. 3UHbK08CKUU lHH>H 3'I10!N) MaTepHaJrn IB HCTO:P·HlqecKHH ,m::TO!lflHHK, Ha OICH•OIBe IIWTOprnro B·0:3- MOiKHbI urnpoKne BhIBO,IJ,bI. HenpeMeHHblM ycJIOJ3HeM noJ1yqeHHH ,rr,ocTOBep­ HbIX pe3yJibTaTOB JIBJIHe'J'CH IlOCTOHHHOe -COBepmeHCTBOBaHHe MeTO,ZI.HKH HC· cJie,ZI.oaaHHH. · 2. Han60.1ee 3cp$eKTHBHhIM MeTo,ZI.oM onpe,ZI.eJieHHH o6mHx np1rn11,Hnon n.1aHHp0BKH TpIIIlOJibCKHX noceJieHHH .HBJIHeTCH a·gpocpoTOC'heMKa B coqern­ HHII c reoMarHHTHOH pa3Be,ZI.KOH, He3aMeHHMhie TaK)Ke B 'onepaTHBHOM on­ pe,ZI.eJieHIIH Meci: CTall,HOHa pHbIX pacKOTIOK. 3. DpncTyrraH K packonKe noceJiemrn, KOTOpaH, KaK npaBHJIO, Ha'l:H­ HaeTCH eo BCKpbITIIH O,ZI.Hoii: H.'III aecKOJib:KHX nocTpoeK, rne.n.yer Y'l:HThIBaTh OCHOBHbie IIX THilhI, onpe,ZI.e;1HeMbie npnp0,1IJiblMH yc.'IOBHHMH H pecypcaMH MeCTHOCTII B ApeBHOCTH, .II xapaKTep pa3pyrnemrn ,IJ,O,MOB IlO,ZI. B03,II.~HCTBHeM npHpOAHbIX II ,ZI.pyrnx <PaKTOpOB, npoBepeHHb!X no 3THorpaqrntieCKHM H 3KC­ nepnMeHTaJihHbIM ,ZI.aHHhIM. 4. ilpHHll,HilHaJibHaH cxeMa TpliilOJibCKOrO ,lI.OMa, KOHCTaTIIpy10maH ero CJIOJirny10 BepTHKa.'lhHYIO It ropH30HT3JibHYIO TIJiaHHpOBKy, He MO)KeT CJiy­ iKHTb OCHOBaHHeM ,ZI.JIH Il0J1HOH peKOHCTpyKll,HII iKlrnHlll. H HX pacnOJIOJKeHIIH Ha noceJ1emrn. l1HrepnpeTall,!IH ,ZI.aHHbIX aepocpOTOC'heMKH, npOBepeHHaH reoMarHHT­ HOH pa3Be,ZI.KOH Il BH3yaJibHbIMH OCMOtpaMH, Il03BOJIH.'Ia BbUIBHTb orpOMHble naMHTHHKH, 3aHHM3IOUI.He HeCl{OJibKO COJeH reKTapoB KalK,ZI.blH (Mai1,II.aHe­ I1,KOe, )J.06p0130,lI.bl H ,!I,p.). )J.JIH KOHUa Ill TblC. ,ZI.O H. 3. 3TO HCK.'IIOl.J:HTeJib­ HOe HIB.'H~HHe .!B rCOtleTa!HHH 00 ·CJIClf:tKH·O:H f[I.'Ja1HHIP•OIBIK01H •CTp·OUTeJibHbl·X KOM:IT­ .IIeKCOB, CBOHCTBeHHOH rpnnOJlhCKIIM :lKHJIHIIJ.aM, CBH.QeTeJibCTByeT o qpe3- 1BbI'l:aftao 1Bh!1COK-OM YIP·OIBHe pa'3BHTHH a1p1xII1TeKry1pb1 Trpnno.,'IhH. ,(JI,Ol}KHa1H 1Kap­ TIIHa COlJ:eTaHirn :arnJibIX H no.uco6HbIX IIOMemennii ,ZI.OMa, BnepBbie OOHapy­ :lKeHHaH 6.rraro,rr,a pH MeTO.Uy BhI,lJ,eJieHH5I cpe,11,H neo6oJK:tKeHHbIX OCTaTKOB OCHOBaHHll Kannta.rrbl::IblX CTeH H, npOCTeHKOB, Il03BOJ:rneT xapaKTepH30BaTb Ka:tK,11,oe :tKHJIIIIIJ,e KaK caMOCTOHTeJibHYIO X03Hll1CTBeHHo·eKOHOMIIlJ:eCKYIO e,lJ,IIHHU.Y noceJieHHH Ha paHHeM (AJ1eKCaH,ZI.pOBKa ) II Il03,lJ,HeM (Mafi,11,aHe­ UKOe) 3Tanax pa3BHTHH Tpnno.1hCKOH Ky.r1bTYPbI. B TO :>Ke BpeMH pacno.rro­ iKeHHe X03HllCTBeHHbIX IlOMemeHHll Me:tKJI.Y :tK!IJibIMH KOlV!HaTaM!I coce,lJ,H!IX ,ZI.OMOB, xapaKTepH3YIOIIJ.HMHCH Ha.1HtiHeM «m1oma.11,0K» H 60JibillHM KOJIH­ tJ:eCTBOM pa3H006pa3HOro HHBeHTapn, CB!I,lJ,eTeJibCTByeT 0 TOM, 'ITO }KHJible KOMilJieKCbI IIpHMbIKaJIH )J;pyr K )J;pyry. ilo paCDOJIO)l\eHHIO 060iKiKeHHbIX OCTaTKOB IJ,eHTpaJibHbIX IIOMerrieH!IH . )J;OMOB He.'Ih3H npOH3BeCTH rpacpntie­ CIKYIO peKOIHCT,PYIKll:HIO ITTOCeJieHH:H, 1'EIM He Mettee OHM C<B!IiL!.eTeJib1CT1BYlOT 0 tJ:eTKOll CHCTeMe n.'IaHHpOBKII rroceJICHllH He3aBHCHMO OT IIX MacrnTa60B rt BpeMem1 cymecTBOBaH!IH B. paMKax TpimoJihH. 9TO npocJie:tKHBaeTrn 11a He60Jiblli:!IX rraMHTHHKax, r,11,e «n.10maAKH» pacno.rraraIOTCH pHAa~rn. a TaK­ iKe Ha KpynHhIX rroceJieHHHX c KpyroBofi nJiattnpoBKOi'I. B o6onx cJiytJ:aHX npncyrcrnyeT 3aMKHYTa5I CHCTeMa 3aCTpOHKH ,lJ,OMOB c BepTIIKaJibHbIM pa3- BHTHeM, KOTOpy10 MO:iKHO 06'h5ICHHTb llCKJIIOqHTC.'IbHO HYiKA3MlI o6oponbI, TeM 60.nee, tiTO Jiatt,11,rnacpT .'IecocTerrn, 30Hbl pacceJieHlIH TPHIIOJibCKHX IIJie­ MeH, tte npenHTCTBOBa.rr pacrrpoCTpaHeHHIO yca,11,e6 no ropn30HTa.rn. TaKHM o6pa3oM, <PaKT KOHCo.1nJ1.au1rn ceMeii, BJia,lJ,eBUJHX otJI.eJihHbnrn ,lJ,OMaMn H OTpa3HBillHHCH B yCTpOHCTBe noceJieHnii:, rrpec;i;re,nyromeM HX on­ THMaJibHYIO 06opottocnocooHocTh, OtJ:ean.nen. TaKafl nJiattnpoaKa naceJieH· HbIX nyHKTOB no 3THOrpa<!>H'IeCKHM ,lJ,aHHb1M CBOMCTBeHHa Hapo,11,aM, coxpa· HHIOIIJ,HM naTpIIapxa.'IhHYIO KJiaHOBYIO CIICTeMy. noceJIKH-Kpenocrn npn rraT-. p!IapxaJibHOM 6hITe MO:tKHO BCTpeTHTb y pa3Hb!X Hapo,11.0B MHpa 27• i 1 JI b 10 H c f, · Mo pr a H. .lJ.oMa . H. ,n:oMarnmrn )KH3.Hb aMep:HKaHCKHX Ty3eMuen. JI., 1934, c. 94; M. 0. Koc Be H. CeMeirnaH o6III:UHa H na'l'pOHHMHH, · · M., 1963, c. 190; . B. K y.s He !lo a, H. JI y He B. )laroMeH. M., 19M, c. 70. J'caroBo. Ha ucropuu uc.c11e80BaH.uR. 49 Oco6oro BHHMaHnH 3acJiy:tKnaaeT TmareJihHO no.11.rornBJieHHOe co:tK:>Ke­ HHe rpnrrOJihCKHX n0rceJieHHfi, rroBceMeCTHoe ,UJI5I TpmrOJibH n npOH3BO,ll.HB­ rneecH, O'l:eBHAHO, caMHMH iKHTeJIHMH; 9TO HB.rrenne, a TaKiKe OTCYTcT'BHe CJieAOB nepecrpoeK Il 3aMKHyTaH. CTatt,11,apTHaH nJiaHHpOBKa O,lJ,HOCJIOMHblX tpHIIOJibCKHX rraMHTHHKOB, rrpaKTH'ICCKH HCKJlIOtJ:aromaH B03MOiKH,OCTb ljX pa31pa•CTaiHHi5I, !C:Bljlf.l.eTeJihiCT.BYIOT 1He T011Ib1K10 '°' 'I'OM, 1'!T•O• 1noce .. 1eHHi5I •OUIJHOIB·pe­ MeHHO IlOKH,lJ,aJiltCb, HO !I B03HHKa.1IlI B HeOOXO,ll.HMbIX )J;JIH nepeceJieJill,eB Macuna6ax. MaccoBbie nepeceJieHH5I rpynn TpIInOJihCKlIX nJieMeH. BTI.OJIHe B03MO:tKHbI c TOl.J:KH 3pemrn f!IITOTe3 06 3KCT.eHCllBHOM 3eM.'IeTIOJI,b30BaHHH, BbICKa3aHHbIX B pa6orax L 4all:JI,ZI.a, C. H. BnonKOBa H ,11,p. BepoHTHOCTb TaKHX 5IB.1IeHnfi. !:I rr.'IaHOMepHbIH HX xapaKTep Il03BO.'IHIOT npe,11,no.naraTb C.'!O:tKHYIO Il B TO }Ke BpeMH onpe,ZI.e.1eHHYIO CHCTeMy COIJ,Ha.IIbH0-3KOHOMHlJ:e­ CKoro ycTpoilcTBa npn tJ:eTKoii n,11,eoJior11qecKoli ,11,oM:irnaH;re y ipIITIOJihCKHX IIJieMeH. )J.aHHble npe)J;TIOJIO:tKeHH5I, .He BbIXO.UH 3a paMKH paOO'!HX rnnoTe3, no.utiepKHBaIOT poJib ,ZI.OMOCTpOIITe.'IhCTBa n.,'IeMeH rpnno.'IbCKoft KYJihTYPhI KaK HCTOpHtieCKOfO HCTOl.J:Hl:IKa l{ aKTyaJihHOCTb' ,LI.aJihHefime:i'I pa3pa6oTKil MeTO,lJ,a ero HCCJie,ll.OBaHHH. 3. <P. flATOKOBA YCATOBO. 113 l1CTOPI1l1 l1CCJ1E)J.OBAHH,Sl Hcc.rre,11,oBaHHH HOB.b!X apxeoJiorIItJ:ecKHX .naMHTHIIKOB 3a ro,11,b1 CoBeT­ c1wi1 BJiaCTH B 3HatJ:IITe.'IbHOH CTeneHII H3MeHH.'Ill npeiKH!Ie B3f.,'I5I,UbI Ha Apooueiiiimy10 wcro1p1110 1Ha,ceJieHHH IOira ooip·oiilef1,c1Kofi qa.cr.n OCCP. O:rr.HHM HJ3 1Ha,n16ooee 1n:31BecT1HhIX 3•HeOJIHTmrncfKrnx 1na,MH'J1HaK:01B CetB,e,po-3a­ na,ZI.Horo ilpH'IepHOMOpbH 5IBn.11c51 Y·caroBCKHH apxeoJiorntJ:ecirnii KOMrrJieKc, KOTOpblH. HCCJie,lJ,OBaJICH B OCHOBHOM COTPY.UHHKaMH 0,11,ecCKoro apxeo.11orn­ tJ:eCKOro My3e5I H Hepa3pbIBHO CBHi3aH c HMeHaMH COBeTCKHX apxeoJIOfOB M. Cl>. BoJ1TeHKO H E. ¢. J1aroJ1.oacKo:i'I. AHaJIOrH'l:Hhie naMHTHHKH 6bIJIH H3BeCTHhI n paHhrne H3 ,11,opeBOJIIOll,IIOHHbIX HCCJieAOBaHnfi Ha 10.re YKpaH­ HhI n Mo.11.ua·BnH1, no ,11,oJiiKHoe HayqHoe onpe,n:eJiemrn oHH noJiytJ:IIJIH TOJih­ Ko. nocJI.e rncreMaTntJ:eCK!IX pacKorroK B YcaToBe. Kpaft .cTennoro nJiaTo Ha neBoM 6epery Xa.u:>K116eikKoro JIHMaHa na paoCT•OH1HHH 8 1c~ K 1ceBep10-,3a1nalD,y OT tr. OJI,eccbI M·e)Kl.rr,y ceJiaMJI YcaTOIBO H B. KyHJibHHK npHa.rreK BHHMairne nccJie,LI.o.BaTeJie.i'I oJiaro,11,apH TOMY 06- CTOHTeJihCTBy, l.J:TO B o6pblBax rrpOBaJIOB, o6pa30BaBllIHXCH B paiioHe Haxo­ ,lJ,HIIJ,HXCH TaM KaMeHOJIOMeH, o6napy:tKHJICH KYJibrypHhifi CJIOH, rye.To Hacbl­ meHHblfi paKyIIIKal\rn, KOCTHMH )KllBOTHhIX, 06noMKaM11. nocy.Ahl. B .nep,Ho,rr, •C 19il6 iHO 1919 I['. MeCTHbIMH 1CTa;p01)KHJiaMH HeO!ll,HOKpa·11Ho 1npeincTalBJI•HJIHiCb B O,n.eccKoe oomecTBO !ICTOp!IH Il .upeBHOCTeH . KOJIJieKUHH nocy,lJ,bI, KpeM­ I:Ieii H T. ,lJ,. 2 B 1917 r. 'IJICH3M!I oomecrna 6@Jia npOH'3Be,lJ,eHa nepBaH peKOrHOCUHpOBKa MCCTa HaXO)J;OK, ycTaHOBHBilla5I 3HaqIITe.'IbHOe pa3pywe- I B. I1. r 0 Ill Ke B H q. f(.JLa,ll,bl H ii:peB'HOCT,H XepcOHCKOJi ryGeplhllI. Xepeoa,. 1903, _. 143; )l. 5L C a Mo K ·Ba cos. Morn.11h1 py~ccKoli seMJliH. Ni., 1908, c. · 20~22; A .. B . .U o 6· po iB o ,, b c KH if. PacKOinKH KypraHa B npe.UMeic'The 0Jr.eccbl C.1106o.n,Ka-P0Mi\:1lo•B'l<•a. - 300H,ll, T. XXII, 01ll:eoca1 1900, c. I 23'-'--"145. · 2 flaMH11RHK ol'Kpbrr a 19H2 r. aeM.lJ:eMe,poM 9. <1>. Bepuepo,M. B aace,n:aHHHX 06mecma 41418"M 17/X 191fir., 453-M 25/IV 1917 r., 454-M HrX 1917 r. a 459-iM J.1/X ,191'9 r. aa­ qmiroHpoB.ana · nepen.a<ra HaXOilOK H3 YcaT-OBo r.!lMHa•3HCTOM MaiKCOM Mopry;mcoM. 4-1927