К истории культурной атрибуции памятников черняховского типа степной зоны СССР
Gespeichert in:
| Datum: | 1976 |
|---|---|
| 1. Verfasser: | |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | Russian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Одеський археологічний музей НАН України
1976
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online Zugang: | http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/171051 |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Zitieren: | К истории культурной атрибуции памятников черняховского типа степной зоны СССР / А.В. Гудкова // Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья: Сб. научн. тр. — 1976. — Вип. 8. — С. 119-131. — Бібліогр.: 102 назв. — рос. |
Institution
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
irk-123456789-171051 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
irk-123456789-1710512020-09-09T01:25:59Z К истории культурной атрибуции памятников черняховского типа степной зоны СССР Гудкова, А.В. Статьи 1976 Article К истории культурной атрибуции памятников черняховского типа степной зоны СССР / А.В. Гудкова // Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья: Сб. научн. тр. — 1976. — Вип. 8. — С. 119-131. — Бібліогр.: 102 назв. — рос. XXXX-0126 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/171051 ru Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья Одеський археологічний музей НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| language |
Russian |
| topic |
Статьи Статьи |
| spellingShingle |
Статьи Статьи Гудкова, А.В. К истории культурной атрибуции памятников черняховского типа степной зоны СССР Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Гудкова, А.В. |
| author_facet |
Гудкова, А.В. |
| author_sort |
Гудкова, А.В. |
| title |
К истории культурной атрибуции памятников черняховского типа степной зоны СССР |
| title_short |
К истории культурной атрибуции памятников черняховского типа степной зоны СССР |
| title_full |
К истории культурной атрибуции памятников черняховского типа степной зоны СССР |
| title_fullStr |
К истории культурной атрибуции памятников черняховского типа степной зоны СССР |
| title_full_unstemmed |
К истории культурной атрибуции памятников черняховского типа степной зоны СССР |
| title_sort |
к истории культурной атрибуции памятников черняховского типа степной зоны ссср |
| publisher |
Одеський археологічний музей НАН України |
| publishDate |
1976 |
| topic_facet |
Статьи |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/171051 |
| citation_txt |
К истории культурной атрибуции памятников черняховского типа степной зоны СССР / А.В. Гудкова // Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья: Сб. научн. тр. — 1976. — Вип. 8. — С. 119-131. — Бібліогр.: 102 назв. — рос. |
| series |
Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT gudkovaav kistoriikulʹturnojatribuciipamâtnikovčernâhovskogotipastepnojzonysssr |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-15T06:25:51Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-15T06:25:51Z |
| _version_ |
1837693142732636160 |
| fulltext |
118
CyMMttpyH ,n:aTttpyro11u1li Ma1'epttaJI H ycIHThIBaH pa3JIHllHH B CTparn
rpaqrn11eoKoM TIOJIO:>KeHHH CTpOHTeJibHbIX OCTaTKOB B caMOM TIOCJieroTCKOM
CJIOe, MO:>KHO c,n:eJiaTb BbIBO)l 0 TOM, tJTO nepe'tIHCJieHHhie MOHeTHbie Haxo,n:.
KH ·tt Ha1d5oJiee no3.zurne npe,n:Me1'hl KepaMtttJecKoro KOMmieKca (aMcjlopa
·HITTH6ITf!:HCIK.CJ\r•O THiTia) ,n:amr, -O'tJelBHlJ;HO, :ll.IBe ·KP8HiHHe )l81'hl, IK>O'TOipbie 1M<oiryT
CtIHTaTbCH xpOHOJIO'rIPieOKHMH rpaHHll;8MH TIOCJieTOTOKoro CJIOH - cepeJI.HHa
III - Bropa·H 1nOJIOBHHa IV B. H. a.
CroJib TI03,ll;Hee BbIJI.eJieHHe Jie:m:am.ero cBepxy CJIOH III-IV BB. B Tttpe
M·O*Ho oi6·M11cHHTb 1PH1Ll101M ·Ci6eno,HreJihcTB, Ka•K a6mttx .UJIH HeKorntpb11x aH
nPIHhIX naMHTHH'KOB, TaK H cneU;HcjJHtJecKHX. Yme yiKa3hl-BaJiocb Ha pa3py
rneHHH, CBH3aHHble c 6ypHbIM CTpOHTeJihCTBOM Ha 3TOH :me TIJIOIII.3Jl.H B
XIII-'-XIV BB. 06III.HM 6bIJIO peaKoe yMeHI>WeHHe MOHeTHbIX HaXOJI.OK B
CBH3H iC npeKpameHHeM Mec:moi'I: qeKaH'KH, OTCYTCTB~e HpKHX ,n:aTHPYIOIII.HX
MarepuaJIOB. HaKoHell;, ycraHOB'HBmeecH B JIHTeparype H CTaBrnee rpaJI.H
UMOHHbIM yT.Bep:m:,n:eHHe o rn6eJIH ropo,n:a B cepe.II.HHe III B. H. 3., no,n:Kpen
JieHHoe aBTOpHreTOM KpynHblX y11eHhlX 38, H OTCyTCTBHe npH paOKOnKax
npe:m:Httx .11er TBep,n:o JI.aTupyeMoro nJI'acTa crpo·ttreJib'HhIX ocTaTKOB He no-
3BOJIHJIH 1npeo,n:oJieTb npH onpeJI.eJieHHH BpeMeHH HacJioeHHH caMoro noc
JieJI.H~ro nepnoJI.a 1KH3HH Tttphl py16em cepe.II.HHbl III B. H, 3.
ToJih'KO B pa6oTax nocJieJI.HHX JieT BbI.II.eJieHbI HannacTOBaHHH H HeKo
Topwe rpynnbl HaxoJI.OK III-IV BB. H. 3. B TaHance 39 H Ha ceJibCKHX noce
JieHHHX Bocnopa 40• ITocJie,n:y10m.ue ua6JIIO.IleHHH nptt BhIHBJiemrn B 1973-
1974 rr. OCTaTKOB HeCKOJibKHX 'IlOCTpOe'K, onpe,n:eJiemm . CBH3H :>KHJibIX
nosepXHOCTeH, TpaM60BOK H BbIMOCTOK B pa3HbIX Mee.Tax BHOBb pacKpbITOH
11acT.H UeHTpaJinH:oro pacKona noKa3aJIH, 'tfTO H B caMoM nQlcJieroroKoM
CJIOe cym.ecTByeT Jl)Ba nepeKpblBaIOIII.He JI.pyr .npyra ropH30HTa, COOTBeT
CTBYIOIII.He .ll.BYM nepao;uM CTpOHTeJibCTBa nocJie cepe,n:HHbl III B. H . . 3.
PaHee 6blJIO ycTaHOBJieHo, tJTO BbIMOCTKa (193), npoJio:>KeHHaH B Bepx
HeM roptt30HTe no BropoH. npo,n:o.'lbHOH yJittll;e, 1cneuHaJihHO He npeJI.Ha3Ha-
11aJiach ,llJIH no,n:xo,n:a 'K IlOCJierOTCKOMy ,llOMy, 'HOCKOJI!>KY OHa pe3KO CBOpa
tJHBaeT K ceaepo-3anaJJ.y, CMbIK3$lCb c BbIMOCTK3MH Me:m:,n:y JJ:BYMH noMe
meHHHMH ~noro :m:e CJIOH. c 10r0-1BOCTOKa K BblMO'CT'Ke npHMbIKaeT noMem.e
HHe c TIOJIOM (OTMeTKa IlOBepXHOCTH 17,81 M) H3 KpynHhIX TIJIHT (244);
TIOJl.OilIBbl K.'13,llOK, o6pa3yIOII.l,HX ero 3aTI3.!l.HbJH yroJI, HMelOT OJl.HHa•KOBYIO
rny6m1y 33.!JO:>KeHHH c BblMOCT.KOH ( OTMeTKa 17,55 M). Me:m:,n:y reM TIOJl.0-
IlIBbl CTeH paonOJIO:>KeHHOro pHJI.OM K 10ro-3anaJI.y nocJieTOTCKOro JI.OMa (OT
MeT'Ka 18,0 M) 33JIO:>KeHhl Bblllle Ha 0,45 M.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, BhIMOCTKa yJIHll;hl H noMell.(eHHe H3 nJIHT, c o,11.Hoi'1
cropOHbl, H nocJierorCKHH ,llOM c JI.pyrofl, Jie:>KaT B pa3Hb!X ropH30HT3X
OJJ.Horo CJIOH. ITocJie,n:nee no,llTBep:m:naercH pacrrpocrpaHe1rneM Mom.euoii
MeJIKllM 'K3MHeM H yTpaM60B3HHOH TIOBepXHOCTH c OTMeTKOH 17,7-17,75 .M
OT 101ro-10ro-aana,n:HOH creHbI IlOMeII.l,eHHH c IlOJI,OM H3 'TIJl'l!T TIOJI. nOJI.Olll'BY
ceB~po-ceaepo-aocro11Hoii creHbl nocnerorcKoro ,n:oMa. flpn pacKonKax noc
.11erorcK<oro .ll.OMa HH:>Ke ero noJia Ha OTMe11Ke 17,7-17,8 M ·Bcrpet:1eHa :>KHJiaH
noBepXHOCTb c 01I3TOM H KJiaJl.KOH (91)' M8JIO OBH3aHH8H co CTeHaMH .II.OM a
H OTHOCHII.l,3HCH, O'IeBHJJ.HO, ell.(e K npe,ll:rnecrsy10meMy neptto,n:y.
AHTH'I1HaH KJia1,'J:Ka (261), 1nepeKpblTHH H'U1neJinp.oso1'IHO•H no11J.ChmKoiH
paaJJ.eJI•HIOIII.eH 1cpe.11.HeBe%OBble H TI03,llHeaHTHIJHble C.1IOH, BblHBJieHa Ha,;
ypoBHeM noJia HaaeMHoiro noMeIII.eHHH, ·sKJI10tJa10mero rroJI.BaJI, coopy:m:eH
Hhili: Ha KypTHHe UHT3Jl.eJilI ( 150) C JieCTHHUeH. flo-BH,11.HMOMy, B rrepBbIH
88 T; Mo MM a en. I1cTOp1rn PHMa, T. V. M., 1949, c. 206-207.
89 .Il. B. Ille JI o B •. Tananc n H1rnrnHli .Ilon B nepBhle BeKa narueli 3pb1. M., 1972,
c. 307-335.
40 ¥!. T. K p yr JI HK o 13 ii· Bocnop B poa;a,neitHTHqnoe apeM11. M.,. 1966, <;:, ~Q-~7,
K uCTopuu KYAbrypnou aTpu6yquu naMJtTHUK06 tte{J1l11roecKoeo Tuna 119
nepHOJI. noCJie paapyrneHHH UttTa.!leJIH 6hIJI nocrpoeH JI.OM c no,usaJioY
( 150), 011eBHJJ:HO, cttHxpoHHhlH noMemeHHIO I II Ha 10ro-3arraJI.HOM yr JIY 3JI.a
HHH BeK-CHJIJIHUHH H noMeIII.eHHIO (244), rrepeKpbliBarom.eMy ero Bxoa. K
aroMy me rreptto,lly orHOCHTCH BbIMOcr~a no Brop?H: npo,n:oJibHOH YJIHUe.
Bo BTOpoli nepttoJI. Ha noBblCHBWeHCH JI.HeBHOH inoBepx!fOCTH 6b!JIH B03-
seJI.eHbI creHhl nocnerorcKoro JI.OM a, KJiaJI.Ka ( 197) no·crpouKil: K ceBepo-aa
na,tty OT Hero H. KJiaJJ.Ka (161), nepeceKaIOll.(aH H33CMHOe IlOMeli(eHHe .llOMa
C IlO,llB8JIOM (150).
Iloii;,o6HaH cmyailJ.H!H ua16mo.rt.aercH H iB .ztpy1rnx Mecra1x reppttropHH U'H-
ra~eJIM, nn.e coxipaHHJIHCb Ha .paaHbIIX rn1p.HG()HTaX '?l'l'Jl.e.-'lb!HDI.e KJlaf!KH Ka1K
neip18oc.o; ra!K H 1BTop0ir-0 nepHOJI.l()(B inoo!lllHeaHTHl'IHO.H aa·c;:poH•KH. K neplB·O·
MY 100iHOOH11CH .ocTaTKH cren ( 139, 142, 153) 1noMeimeHH'H 'Y ce1Beipo-3anaJJ.
H01ro cjlaca!ll.a KiPYlf'JIOH 6amHH ('PH'C. 3)' H'CKJl!OtJaIOII.l,H.X ee iB•O'eHIHOe H1aI1'0Jlb·
30BaHHe' IlOJI.OilIBbl i3THX KJia,n:oK Jie:>KaT HH:>Ke ypoBHH OCHOB3HHH creH pac
no.11.oi>Ke~·H·Olf'.O PMO'M .r10rne1roTOK·OIDO JJ:O'.'vta (88); 1K·O ;BrnipoMy. - .KJialll1Ka
Be1pxH,eJw· P01pH3{)HTa (54)' inepeceKa10ma1H [10 Ha,npaBJieHHIO 38ITT3JI.-B10•CT01K
CTeHy ill,HTailJ.·C.'IH {235-231) .
TaKOBhI B o6mttx 11eprax pe31yJihTaThI B cocrasJieHHH crpaTttrpacjln11e
cKoii cxeMbI no3JI.HeaHTHIJHhlX na1nJiacrosaH1:1li T1ttpbI II-IV BB. H. 3. Pac
KOnKH nocJieJl.HHX 6oJiee 11eM IO Jier no3BOJIMJIH pa3Jin11arh i.B ocrarKax TH·
pbI pttMCKoro speMeHH ,n:Ba ocHOBHhIX CJIOH. K HH:>KHeM)' orHOCHtcR orKphI
raH UHTa,lleJib pHMCKOro rapHH30Ha, JI.aTttpyeMl:lH II - nepsoii IlOJIOBHHOH
III s. H. 3. K BepxHeMy, BIIepsbie BbI,n:eJieHHO:MY H !f!POJI.aTnpoBaHHOMY BTO
p·o:H n·OJIOOHJH,CJ&i HI-IV BIB. H. 3., - nocT1pOIH1Kli, 1B10!3HHIWilIHe •Ha ipasiBaJitt1Hl:l'X
UHTa,lleJIH. B npeJI.eJiax 1noc.1eJI.Hero 3Tana 1KH3HH ropo,n:a, nony11usmero
orpameHHe B Bep:irneM cJioe, HaMetJaIOTCH ,11.sa nepeKphma10mtte ,n:pyr .n.pyra
neptto,!l.a sosBe,IJ.eHHSI nocrpoeK.
A. B. rY/iKOBA
K I1CTOPI1I1 KYJlbTYPHOTI ATPI1BYUI1I1 ITAMHTHI1KOB
l.JEPHHXOBCKOfO TI1ITA CTEITHOfl 30HbI CCCP
JlJiareJihHoe BpeMH s cose'icKoft apxe0Jlor1rn rocno,llcrso1faJio, ,n:a M·celi-
11a'c em.e pacnpocTpam:mo MHeHHe o TOM, 'tiro 11epHHXO·OCKaH KYJihTypa .CBH· .
33Ha B OCHOBHOM c JieCOCTeTibIO. CtJHTaJIOCh, IJTO crenH B CHJIY CBOHX cjJH3H·
K:O-reorpacjJHIJeCKHX ycJIOBHH 6bIJIH HenpiffO)J.HbIMM ,llJIH o6HTaHHH HOC_Hte-'
Jieli aroH. KYJihTYPhl 1. BnepBhie 3TO n'pe,mcraBJieHHe 6hIJIO rroKoJie6~eHo B
40~e H oco6eHHO s 50-e ro,n:w c orKp1>1rtteM B crenHoM floJI.Herrpo)3be .MHoro
•rncJieHHhIX naMHTHHKOBj noceJieHHH H MOrHJibHHK.OB, KOTOpble H'CCJie,llOBaTe·
JIH 6e3 KoJie6aHHH onpeJI.eJIHJIH Ka1K 11epHHXOBCKHe 2
• Sro onpeJI.eJieHHe. H
celi11ac ocraercH o6menpHHHThfM. ITpe,rcnoJia'raJiocb, i:tro naMHTHH'K~ nop.o~ ,
:>KHCTOH 11acrtt )J.Henpa cocrnBJIHIOT oco6y10 rpynny B 11eptrnxoBCKOH KYJib
rype a. IO.mHofI rpaHHll,eii: pa1crrpocrpaHemrn naMHTHHKOB Ha .)J.Henpe CIJH-
1 r. 1B. <tie ll 0 p 0 ,B, Ha~eJJeHHe fl,p,yrroKo,JlJiec11p01B1C1Koro' Me:iKJJ.y1peqqH. B
I Tb!C. H. 9. - Mi11A, N~ 89. M., 1960, ~. 100, 159. . I
2 3. A. C bl Mono a H q, ITaM'RTHHKH qepnHxoacKoi'I KYJibTYPhl crennoro Ilo,1u1e-
npOBbR. CA, 1955, T. XXIV; IO. B. K y.x ape n Ko. IToceJieHHe H MOf,HJipHHK ,aoJI~l\
norpe6eHHH B ceJie ITpH,BOJ!bHOM. CA, 19~. 1:· XXII; A. r., 6 pa H q e B c b Ka. nrn
Me}K a qepm1xilocbKOl KY•1bTY'J)H Ha .IlH1np1. - ApxeoJI·orn,g, T. XI. K, 1957, .c. , 4.
IO. B. Ky x ape HK o. ITqceJieHHe H MOrHJibHHK noJtei\: norpe6eH11i\: B cene '. ITpH
BOJlbHOM, c. 152. HaMH MaTepHaJibl Ha.ll,nopO)Kb!l · H nopo.lKHcroro .IlHenpa non:po6ao :· 1fe .
paccMaTpHBi1.19TCR, KaK H OTHOIIIeHHe HX K npoqHM I18l\IRTHHK8M cren!IOH SOHN. .
120 A. B. I'yiJKoaa
TaJICH paiioH Htt'KOTIOJIH 4• B. ocTaJibHOH aoHe CTE~neii 6bIJIH H3BeCTHbI TOJib
KO OT,UeJibHbie LiepHHXOBCKlle naMHTHllKll (norpe6eHH51 B 3anJiaaax 5 ll .Ua
HllJIOB-Oll BaJirKe 6).
TiapaJIJieJihHO M. A. TnxaHoBoii Ha MarepnaJiax c TeppnTOpHH PyMhI
HHH 6bIJI BbI,UeJieH B apeaJie LiepHHXOBOKOH K)'JlbT')'pbl «pailoH .UyHaHCKOro
6a1oceiiHa», B 1K10r'110pb~ll 10rKa:3aJIH1Cb IBKJIIO'WHrHbIMll CTrernn By,n:~aKa, /)IO
6ea MopcKorn no6epe:>KhH 7 .TiaM'HTHHrKH HnaoBoro .UHenpa 6hIJIH ocraBJie
HbI M. A. TnxaHoBoii BHe BapnaHTOB 8• Ka·K oT.n:eJ1bHYIO JIOKaJibHYIO rpynny
pa'CCMaTpHBaJI CTelTIHble naMHTHll'Kll r. B. <l>e.n:opoB 9• Tor.n:a :>Ke B peayJib
TaTe paCKonoK B .Uy.n:LiaHax 10 n BepncJiaBe 11, a aareM paa'Be.n:oK JI. M. CJia
BHHa Ha Htt:>KHeM n Cpe,ZI!HeM HHryJ11:>ue 12 n B o:Kpyre OJib1BHH 13 craJIH na
BeCTHbI noceJieHHH, Ha KOTOpbIX o6Hapy:>KeHa KepaMHIKa, conocraBHMaH c
LiepHHXOBCKOH, HO ,UOMa crpOHJIHCb ll3 KaMHH, LITO COBeprneHHO He xapaK
repHo .UJIH LiepHHXOBCKHX noceJieHnii Jiecocreirrn. BnepBbie c o6'heKTaMH
TaKoro rnna HayKa noaHaKOMHJiach nncJie pacKo:no'K K. A. PaeBCKoro B Kn
ceJioBe 14 B 1938-1940 fir. TiaMHTHllKll 9Tll ,UOBOJibHO e.n:HHOrJiaCHO 6hIJill
BOCTipllHHTbI K31K oco6aH rpynna, OTJill'LIHaH OT LiepHHXOBCIKHX, O,UHaKo BOTI
poc o ee KYJihTypHoii npnHa.n:Jie:>KHOCTH n .n:o Hacromuero BpeMeHH MaJio
paapa6oTaH. l1MeHHO B Ta<KOM BH,Ue 33'KpeIIJieHbl npe,ZI!CTaBJie'Hll'H 0 CTeTIHbIX
naMHTHHKax B ttToroBoii .UJIH CBoero BpeMeHil pa6oTe E. B. MaxHo. KaK
LiepHHXOBCKHe eIO onpe.n:eJieHbl noceJieHHH H MOrHJibHllKll CTenHoro. Tio.n:He
npOBbH. 0CHOBHaH :>Ke Macca naMHTHH'KOB CTeJTIH OTHeceHa K 'LIHCJIY l!ep
H51XOBCKHX ycJIOBHO ll c 60JiblIIllMH oroBOpKaMH, XOTH aB'TOp ll .n:onycKaJia,
LITO .n:aJibHeiirnee llX IfCCJie.UOBaHHe MO:>KeT no.n:rBep.n:HTb npnHa.n:Jie:>KHOCTb
3THX o6'heKTOB K LiepHHXOBOKoii rKyJihType. KpoMe Toro, B npnMopcKoii aoHe
eIO 6bIJia BbI,UeJieHa oco6aH KaTeropHH «1110.CeJieHHH c KaMeHHbIM ,UOMOCTpo
HTeJibCTBOM» ll LiepHHXOBOKllM KepaMHLieCKllM KOMnJieKCOM, B03MO:>K'HOCTb
OTHeceHHH K10TOpbIX K LiepHHXOBOKOH 'KYJihType Ka3aJiaCb BeCbMa npo6JieMa
TllLIHOll 15. Ha Ka1Koe-To Bpe·MH yTBep.n:ttJIOCh npe.n:crnBJieHne, LITO B cTenb
npOHll1K3JIH Jlllillb OT,UeJibHbie LiepHHXOBCKlle naMHTHllKll 16• 3a nporne.n:rnee
c rex nop BpeMH - cHaLiaJia Ha no6epe:>Khe LlepHoro MopH H ero JIHMaHoB,
a aareM noBce:MeCTHO B crenHx Oilecc<Kroii n HttKOJiaeB'CKoii o6JiaCTeii n B
npaBo6epe:>Khe XepcoHcKoii - oTKpbito 6oJibIIIOe KOJIH"IeCTBo naMHTHHKOB
4 A. T. Bpaii:'leBCbKa. nia,a:eHHa MeiKa ... , c. 11.
5 M. A. TH x a Ho B a. 0 JIOKaJibHOM aapnaHTe 'lepHllXOBCKOH KYJibTyphl. - CA,
1957, Ng 4, c. 177.
6 E. B. Ma X<Ho.· na1Ml!THHKH '!epHll1XOBC1Koil Kl)'JibT~pbI ma Tepp'llTOprHH YCCP. -
MHA, N2 82. M., 1960, c. 35-36.
7 M. A. TH x a Ho B a. YKa3 coq,, pnc. I.
8 T a M iK e, c. 177 H pnc. I.
9 r. B. <I> e )l 0 p 0 B. YKa3 CO'!., c. 70.
10 A. T. B pa Ii q e B c Ka sr. PacKonKH y c. JJ:y,a:qaHbl B 1954 r. - KCHA, Bbm. 5.
K., 1955.
11 E. B. Max Ho. PacKOilKH BepHcJiaBcKoro noceJieHHll H MOrHJibHHKa B 1952-
1900 rr. - KCHA, BbliII. 4. K. 1955; €. B. M a x H ,o, B. A. Mi 3 i H. Bep:lflCJiarBCl>Ke
noceJieRHll Ta MOrHJibHHK nepnmx CTOJiiTb Hamoi_,epn. :-- An, T. X. K., 1961.
12 JI. M. c JI a B H H. noceJieHHll nepBblX BeKOB HaIIIeii: 3pbl Ha Cpe,a:HeM It HHiKHeM
I1HryJibUe. -'- KCHA, Bbln. 3. K.. 1954; er o iK e. PacKonKH noceJieHHii. rrepBblX aeKOB
Hallieii 3pb1 Ha H11ryJI1>Ue a19512 r. - KOHA, Bb11n. 4. K. 195i5.
13 JI. M. C JI a Bi H. ApxeoJiori'IHi ,a:ocJii,a:iKeHHll · ropo,a:nm, noceJieHb Ta MOrHJibHH
KiB OJibBili:CbKOro oTo'leHHH y 1949-1950 pp. - AIT, T. V. K., 1955.
14 K. A. P ll e B c K H Ii. Ha3eMHble. coopyiKeHHll 3eMJie,a:eJibUeB MeiK,a:ype'lbll ll:Hen
pa - JlHec'rpa ti I Tf¥C. H. 9. - CA, 1955, T. XXIIl.
15 . E. B. Max Ho. IlaMl!THHKH qepHl!XOBCKOH KYJihTYPhl Ha TeppHTOpHH YCCP,
C. 14 H KapTa.
'
16 M. A. T!I x a H 0 !l ii· }1°Kit3. CO'!., c. 177-l78i r. 6. <t> e Jt 0 p 0 B, ¥Ka3. CO'I.,
c. '16~.
•
K ucropuu KyA11rypHou arpu6y11uu naMRTHUKOB 'lepHRXOBcK020 runa 121
pttMcKorn BpeMe'HH, conocTaBHMbIX no pH.UY 3JieMeHTOB KYJibT')'pbI c LiepHH
XOB'CKHMH 17. 4ncJI10 nx e:>Kero.n:Ho YMHo:>KaeTcH.
Ba:>KHeHIIIllM OTKpbITlleM HBJIHeTCH o6Hapy:>KeHHe TIOBCeMeCTHO B cre
TIHX MOrHJibHHKOB Tll'na noJiell norpe6eHllll c xaparKTepHbIM ,UJIH LiepHHXOB
CKOH K')'JihTYPhI 6npnTyaJIH3MOM n LiepHHXOBC'KllM norpe6aJihHbIM HHBeHTa
peM. TiepBoHaLiaJihHO 6bIJIH 011Kpbl'TbI MOrttJibHHKH ~HKTOP·OB'Ka-II 18
, Ko6-
JieBo 19 B HnKoJiaeacKoii o6Jiacrn. 3areM B O.n:eccKOH craJIH H3BeCTHbI Mo
rnJihHHKH TaKoro o6JittKa B c. TipnMop·OKOe 20 ll <l>ypMaHOB'Ka, snepBbie
ony6JIH%OBaH pacKanbIBaBIIIllllCH ern.e B 1959 r. ,;viornJibHllK B03Jie c. <l>pyH-
30BKa 21. B nocJie.n:Hne rO.UbI craJI naBecTeH TaKoH :>Ke o6'heKT Ha TttJIHryJio-
K . ) 22
fie,pma·H1c,1mM Jill'Ma'He y c. Ocerp 101B1Ka (,6bIIBrIII. 1 ~1601prra . .
B peayJibTare Ha'KOnJieHHH HOBbIX rne.n:eH~ll B03HHKJI a Heo6xo.n:nMocrh
BHOBb ocMbKJIHTb oTHOIIIeHne K LiepHHXOB'C'KOH KYJihrype naMHTHHiKOB cre
nH 23. YcraHOBJieHo, LITO Me:>K.n:y LiepHHXOBCKll'MH rnaMHTHHKaMH Jiecocrenn
ll OT,UeJibHbIMll conocTaBHMbIMll c HllMll naMHTHHK3Mll 10ra HeT JiaKyHbl, KaK
3To npe.n:·craBJIHJIOCb ·paHbIIIe 24 . TiaMHTHH'Kll paccMaTpttBaeMoro rn11a pac
npo·cTpaHeHbI B ·CTenHX TIOBCeMeCTHO no 6eperaM. BCeX CTelTIHblX peLieK, llX
npnroKoB n oaep Ha KpaiiHeM 10re. BbIHBJieHne :>Ke MOrttJibHHKOB noJieii
norpe6eHllll ern.e 6oJibIIIe o6JIH3llJIO CTeTIHbie naMHTHllKll c 'JieCOCTe!IIHbIMll. '
Bo3 HHKJIO npuHUlliTIHaJihHO HOBOe :npe.n:cTaBJieHne o aaceJieHHOCTH B pnM
cKoe BpeMH crenHOll 30Hbl, PJle paHee 6bIJIH ll'3BeCTHbl B OCHOBHOM capMaTbl.
B perneHHH BOnpoca o KYJibTYPHOH aTpn6yunn CTenHbIX naMHTHHKOB
cyrn.ecTByIOT .n:Be TeH.n:eHUHH. HeKOTOphle nccJie.rr:oBaTeJIH, YLIHTbIBaH aHa'l!H
reJihHbie OTJillL!llH 13TllX o6'heKTOB OT 3TaJIOHHbIX naMHTHll'KOB B JieCoCTenll,
B0'3,Uep:>KHBa!OTCH OT 6eaorOBOpOLIHOro npll'LillCJieHHH ncex llX, llJill LiaCTll,
17 H. M. III Mar JI n Ii. ApxeoJiomqecKHe pa3BeJlKH B 30He cTpOHTeJibCTBa IlpH,a:y
HaiicKoli (TaTap6yHapcKoii) opocHTeJibHOii cncTeMbl B 1963 r. - KCOAM 3a 1963 r.
O,a:ecca, 1965; JI. B. Cy 6 6 o TH H. ApxeoJiomqecKal! pa3ae,a:Ka 6eperos p. TaIII6yHap.-
30AO, T. II {315). Onecca, ·Wi68; er o * e. PosBicll'KH apxeOJiori'l11m~x naM'l!TOK no 6epe
rax 03. KaryJI Ta p. KapacyJiaK. - ApxeoJiorill, T. XXL K., 1968; I1. T. lI e pH ll Ko B.
flaMllTHHKH qepHl!XOBCKOH KYJibTYPbl B npHMOPCKOH qacTH MeiK,a:ype'lbll JJ:yHall H ll:He
CTpa (MaTepl'!aJibI K apxeoJiom'lecKoii KapTe).-MHA, N2 139. M., 1967; H. M. K pa B
q e H Ko. K 1'!3y'leHHto naMl!THHKOB qepHl!XOBCKoro THna B cTenHx Cesepo-3ana,a:Horo
ITpnqepHOMOpbll. - MACIT, Bb!Il. 7. O,a:ecca, 1971; e e iK e. Pa60Tbl qepHl!XOBcKoro
oTpll,a:a D:HecTpo-JI:yHaiicKoii .3Kcne,a:HUHH. - ApxeoJiomqecKHe nccJie,a:oBaHHll Ha YKpan
He B 1968 r., Bb!Il. III. K., 1971; 0. r. IllanOIIIHHKOBa, I1. H. Illapa<t>yT
n H H 0 Ba, B. H. H 'li iK HT H H, r. rr. p e 6 e )la H JI o. Pa16orrn I11HiryJ11JiC'KOll 3'Kene
AHUHH. - ApxeoJIOrH'leCKHe nccJie,a:oaaHHll Ha YKpaHHe B 1968 r., Bbm. III. K.. 1971,
c. 30; 3. A. C bl M o Ho B H 'I. 4epHl!XOBCKHe naMl!THHKH Cesepo-3arra,a:Horo IlpH'lepHo
MOpbll. - AO 1965 r. M., 1966; 0. B. r y )l K 0 Ba. Po3Bi,a:Ka 6eperiB 03epa KnTaii. -
ApxeoJiori'IHi norni,a:iKeHHll Ha YKpalHi B 1969 p., BHn. IV. K., 1972; e e iK e. Pa3Be,n
KH B cTenHoM 3anHeCTipOBbe. - AO 1973 r. M., 1974.
is 3. A. C bl Mo H o B H 'I. K aonpocy o npoHHKHOBeHHH ... , c. 183; e r o iK e. Ilep
IIIHii qepHHxiBCbKHJi MOrHJibHHK B IliBHi'IHOMY IlpnqopHoMop'i. - ApxeoJionill, T. XX. K.,
1966.
19 3. A. C bl M o Ho B H 'I. PacKonKH 'lepHsrxoscKoro MOrHJibHHKa B c. Ko6Jieso. -
AO 1969 r. M., 1970, c. 262-263; er o * e. I1Tom nccJie,a:oaaHnii qepHl!XOBCKHX rraMl!T
HHKOB B CesepHoM IlpnqepHOMOpbe. - MHA, Ng 139. M., 1967.
20 r. I. K p n B o JI an. IToxoaaHHll pHMCbKoro qacy 3 Tipn Ta ii OKOJIHUi. - Apxe
OJIOrH'leCKHe nccJie,a:oaaHHll Ha YKpanHe B 1969 r. K., 1972; 3. A. C bl Mo Ho B H 'I. Pa-
60Tbl HHKOJiaeacKoro oTpH,a:a B XepcoHcKoii H O,a:eccKoii o6JiaCTllX. - AO, 1972 r. M.,
1973, c. 335.
21 A. A. K p a B q e H Ko. MomJibHHK qepHl!XOBCKOii KYJibTYPbl B ceJie <l>pyH30BKa.
M11A, N2 139. M., 1967.
22 B. B. Maro Me ,a: o B. HoBblH qepHHXOBCKHii naMl!THHK Ha Bepe3aHCKOM JJHMa
He. - AO 1973 r. M., 1974.
23 HcrnpHll H apxeoJIOrHll toro·3ana,a:Hb!X o6Jiacreii CCCP. MHA, N2 139. M.,
1967, c. 3.
24 r. <I>. H HK HT H Ha. KJiaccn<PnKaLJ;Hll Jienaoif. KepaMHKl'I qepHHXOBCKOH KYJJbTy
pbL - <:;A, 1966, N2 4, c. 71.
122 '
K qepH51XOBCKOH KYJihType 25. Bhr-cKa3aHo rrpe.II!ITOJIO)KeHlie o B03MO:>KHO'CT!'.1
Bbl,ll.eJieHIHI rraM51THIIKOB c KaMeHHhlM ,ll.OMOCTpOIITeJibCTBOM B oco6y10 rpyn
ny, COiIJ1eTaIOlll.YIO IB ce6e e.rreMeH'Tbl IIT<031.11JHeCKH1cp1C1KIIe II '4ep1H5IX·Oil3-
0KUe 26.
CToKa ocrneTrn Hepa3pa6oTaHHOH apryMeHTaUII51 BKJIIOIIeHII51 cremi B
apeaJI qepH51XOBcKoii KYJihTyphr. CTpII 3TOM B 3aBII·CIIMOCTH or oTHOilleHII~
IICCJieJJ.oBaTeJI51 K Borrpocy o eJJ.IIHCTBe 3TOH KYJihTYPhl rraM51THIIKII cTerrH
I1iOHIIMaJOT:c51 Jil!6o IKaK .e.e JIOKaJib1Hbl·H IBap.HaHT 27, Jil!6o KaK qa:cTb e:uHHiOf·O
ueJioro (pa60Tb1 3. A. ChlMOHOBIIIIa). Bee qame rrpII oueHKe cTeTIHhlX na·
M51THIIKOB, oco6eHHO KOr,'La OHa ,ll.aeTC51 ITOXO,ll.51, ncc.'Ie,ll.OBaTeJIII, He ..'1.0Ka3bl
Ba51 crreuIIaJihHO IIX rrpIIHa,ll.Jie)KHO'CTb K qepH51XOBCKOH KYJihType, IICXO,ll.51T
II3 3TOro ITOJIO)KeHII51 KaK caMO co6oH. pa3yMeIOlll.erorn. 0JJ.HaKO OHO c He··
o6xoJJ.nMoH CTerreHhIO CTporncTII rro·Ka ne JJ.OKa3aHo. OIIeBIIJJ.HO, HY*Ha Bbl··
pa60TKa II ITOCJie,ll.OBaTeJihHOe rrpIIMeHeHIIe qeTKoro KpIITepII51 ,ll.JI51 OTHece
HII51 rraM51THlI'KOB K qepH51XOBCKOH KYJihType, 6e3 qero Bee oueHKII 6yJJ.yT
cy6beKTIIBHb!MII, XOT51 II He IICKJIIOIJeHO, IITO KaKa51-T·O II3 HIIX OKa)!{eTC51
rrpaBIIJibHOH. Bp51,ll. JIII MO)!{eT Bbl3BaTh B03pa)!{eHII51 ITOJIO)!{eHIIe 0 TOM, IITO
KpIITepIIH ,ll.OJI)KeH rrpe,ll.naBJI51Tb co6oH. cyMMY ycTOHIJIIBb!X rrpII3HaKOB,
KaJK,ll.b!H II3 ·KOTOpb!X CJie,ll.yeT aHaJIII3IIpOBaTh BO BCeM ero o6beMe, a He
Ha Bh16opoIIHOM MaTepIIaJie IIJIII O,ll.HocrnpoHHe. CymeCTByeT MHeHIIe, IITO
Heo6xo,ll.IIMO YIIIITh!BaTh Bech KOMIITJieK1C HaXO,ll.OK 28 • ,[(JI51 qepH51XOBCKOll
KYJibTYPbl OTHOCIITeJihHO ycT051Bll!IIMIIC51 51BJI51IOTC51 CJie,ll.yIOlll.IIe rrpII3Ha'KII,
II3 'KOTOpb!X CJiaraeTrn KpIITepIIH orrpe,ll.eJieHII51 KYJihTYPHOH rrpIIHaJJ.Jie)K
HOCTII: HaJIIIIIIIe orrpe,ll.eJieHHOro KepaMIIIIeCKoro KOMITJieKca; TOrrorpacpII51,
rrJiaHIIpOBKa II o61ll.IIH o6JilI'K rroceJieHIIH; )KIIJIIIlll.a ll rrpIIeMbl ,ll.OMOCTpOII
TeJihCTBa; rrorpe6aJihHh!H o6p5IJJ.; 6bJTOBhle rrpeJ1.MeTb1; y 1KpaII1eHII5I II opHa
MeHT 29 .
IhaK, II,'l:eaJih'HhlM •cJiyqaeM 6b1JI0 6b1 .cpasHeHIIe yKa3aHHh!X rrpII3Ha
KOB Ha rraM51THIIKax CTeITII c TaKIIMII )Ke 51BJieHII51MII B 3TaJIOHHOM paIIORe.
0JJ.HaKO npII 3TOM B03Hll'KaeT 60Jihll!a51 ll ITOKa eme He3H3'IIIITeJihHO npeO,ll.O
JieHHa51 TPYJJ.HOCTb. no,ll.aBJI51IOlll.ee 60Jibll!IIHCTBO rral\rn'THIIKOB B CTenII II3-
BeCTHO TOJihKO no MaTepuaJiaM pa3BeAKII. CJieJJ.OBaTeJibHO, B03MO)!{HOCTII
IICCJie,ll.OBaTeJieH KpaH'He ·OrpaHIIIIeHbl ll 3a·IIa•CTYIO CBO,ll.51TC51 K aHaJIII3Y
ITO,ll.beMHOH KepaMHKII, o6meH. xapaKTepIICTIIKe rroceJieHIIH, IIHOr,ll.a xapa1K
Tepa )KllJIIIlll..
CTerreHb 06ocH0BaHHOCTII onreceHII51 rraM51THHIKOB CTenII K qacJiy qep
H51XdBCKIIX MO)!{HO IJeTKO YHCHIITb, JIIIIIIb paCCMOTpeB, HaCKOJibKO ITOJIHO II
apryMeHrnpoBamIO pa3pa6oTaH Ka)!{,ll.b!H ll3 3,1eMeHTOB KpIITepII51 rrpIIMe
HIITeJihHO K 3TIIM naM51'THHKa:W.
4epH51XOBCKHH KepaMIIIIeCKIIH KOMIITJleKc COCTOII'T H3 CJICJJ.YIOIUIIX KaTe
ropuH. KepaMIIKII:
a) 1rmma1pno1H. ·ce1p.c1rJIIIH·5l1Hc1H., B no1J1.aBJI:5110.meM 60.1b1II1II1H'CTIBe Jirnue-
HOH ( ee o6bIIIHO CIIIITaIOT CTOJIOBOH 1rrocyJ1.oii);
251 L <I>. H H 1K HT H Ha. Y11rn3. coll!., c. 71 !1; H. M. K :P a B q e H tK o. K 1BOil11Pooy o
rrpoHCXOJK.1(eHHH Ih~KOTOph!X TllITOB o6pl!.1(a TpyrrocoJKJKeHHll Ha 'IepHl!XOBCKllX MOfHJihHH·
Kax. - l\CI1A, Bhill. 121. M., 1970 (KapTa). -
26
M. B. my K II H. «EBponeiiCKal! CapMaTl!ll» H •1epHllXOBCKal! KYJihTypa (xpoHo·
JIOfH2~eCKHe COOTHOllleH!ll!). ABTOpeqi. KaH.1( . .llliC., JI., 1971, c. 8.
E. B. Max Ho. 06 OCHOBHhIX 3a..1(all!ax Kap•wrpa<t>I1poBaH11l! qep1Hl!XOBCKoii Ky.1h
TYPh~8 B CBH3H c Bhl.lleJieH11eM JIOKaJihHhIX BapHaHTOB. - l\CI1A, BhIIT. 121. M., 1970.
I1. C. Ka M e H e I.\ K H ii. ApxeoJiorw1eCKal! KYJihTypa, ee orrpe.neJie1111e H llHTep
rrpeTal\Hll. - CA, 1970, N2 2, c. 25.
..
29
M. A. T II x a H 0 Ba. YKa3; CO'!., c. 170; r. B. <I> e .1l 0 p 0 B. YKa3 CO'!., c. 68,
163, 3. !'· p II KM a H. 0 <t>paKHllCKllX .3JieMeHTax B qepHl!XOBCKOii KYJihType ,UttecTpOB
CKo-,UyHal!cKOro MeJK,11,ype'Ibl!, - B KH.: ,UpeBH11e qipaK11iil(hI B CeBepHOM TipH'IepHoMophe
M., 1969, c. 185-188. .
K ucropuu KYAbrypHou arpu6y4uu naJM!THUKOB 11epHRXOBCKOW runa 123
6) 1r.01Hq a:p HOH .ceip or JI IIIH 511H•OH meip.01x0>Ba'T·OiH :{IBKJI IO"Iar51 13epHiOB·ll·KH) ,
OIJeBIIJl.HO, rrpeIIMyIUeCTBeHHO KYXOHHOfO ll X0351HCTBeHHoro Ha3HaIIeHII51;
.B) JielITHCIH ·KYX•OH1H·OH; .
r) pIIMCKIIX aMcpop II IIHOrJJ.a B He6oJihll!OM KOJIIIIIecrne pIIMCKOH Kpac
IIOfJIIIH51HOH CTOJIOBOH nocy JI.bl.
CTpII orrpen:eJJeHIIII KYJihTYPHOH npIIHa..'1.JIC)!{HOCTII rraM51THII'Ka KepaMH·
qeCKHH KOMITJICKC rreo6XO,ll.llMO YIIIITb!BaTh B ueJIOM, XOT51 aHaJIII3llpOBaTb
ero y..'l.o6Hee no Ha3BaHHh!M KaTeropII51M rrocyJJ.hL 0JJ.HaKo B 3TOM 3aJIO)!{e
na orra'CIIOCTb Ha OCHOBe Jllllllb KepaMH'Kll C,ll.eJiaTb ,ll.aJieKo IIJl.YIUIIe BblBO
,UbI. TaK CJTYIIIIJIOCh c I1. T. 4epH51KOBbIM, ornecll!IIM, XOT51 II rrpeJJ.BapIITeJih
HO, K qepH5!XOBCKOH KYJihType 3HaIJll'TeJihHOe llllCJIO rroceJieHIIH B Me)!{,ll.y
pellbe .[(Henpa ll .[(yHa51 Ha OCHOBallllll HaJillllll51 Ha llllX o6JIOMKOB pIIM
CKIIX a·Mcpop 30, IITO Y*e rro.rr;BepraJIOCb KpIITH'Ke
31
•
Pa3pa6ornHHOCTh KaTeropIIH qepH51XOBCKoii KepaMIIKII JJ.JI51 cTe'I1Hh!X
rraM51THIIKOB, KaK II oueHKa IIX KYJihTypHo·aTpII6yTIIBHoro 3HaIJeHirn, pa3-
JIIIIIHhI. AHaJIII3 pIIM'CKIIX aMcpop II B MeHhIIIeii ·cTeneHII KpacHOrJIIIH51Hh!X
cocyJJ.OB ' 51BJI51IOIUIIXC51 IIM.rropTOM, rrpOll3BO,ll.llTC51 o6b!IIHO B ueJI51X ,ll.aTII
pOBKII. 0,ll.HaKO HaJilllllle llJill OTCY'TCTBlle IIMrrropTHOro MaTepIIaJia, KaK ll ero
KomrIIe·CTBO, TaK)!{e xa paKTepII3YIOT KYJihTYPY 32. CepornIIH51Ha51 cToJioBaH
rrocy;:i:a rrpe,'.LCTaBJI51eT co6oH. OJI.HY ll3 OC'HOB COITOCTaBJieHII51 !KepaMIIKH rra
M51THHKOB CTeITII II JieCOCTeITII. 06ruee BII3yaJihHOe BneIJaTJieHIIe II cpaBHe
HIIe O·Tl,'.LeJiblHbliX 1cp1c1p1M in:e1H1C'l1HIITeJibiHO iOBIIIJl.e'TeJiblC'PBYIO'T ·016 :llX CX1Q,'.LC'l1B1e.
OmraKo, rrocKOJIBKY JJ.aJihllle Bh16opoIIHoro cpaBHeHII51 ·no OTJJ.eJibHhIM rra
M51THHKaM 33 ,ll.eJIO ITOKa He ITOIIIJIO, CTeirreHh CXO,ll.CtBa, a CJie,ll.OBaTeJibHO,
II ero 3HaIIeHIIe ocTaIOTC51 He51CHhlMII. KpoMe Toro, HeT e,ll.IIHoro MHeHII51,
KaK II pa3pa6oTaHHOH apryMeHTaUIIII, no sonpocy o KYJihTYPHO-a'TpII6yTIIB
HOM 3HaIJeHIIll 3'TOH KepaMHKll Boo6rue. 06blllHb!M 51BJI51e'I'C51 yTBep)!{,ll.eHIIe,
IITO oHa B03HIIKJia rroJJ. MOIUHhlM KYJihTYPHh!M BJIII51HIIeM PIIMa II rro3TOMY
rrpe,ll.cTaBJI51eT co6oH. 51BJieHIIe, B ll3BeCTHOH Mepe rrpIIBHOCHOe II xapaKTep
HOe B pa3Hb!X MOJl.llcpIIKaUII51X ,ll.JI51 MHOfllX 1I1pOBIIHUIIaJibHO·pIIMCKllX KYJib
Typ. HcXO,ll.51 ll3 3TOH TOIIKll 3peHII51, o6ruee CXO,ll.C'TBO ll COB'ITa,ll.eHIIe OT,ll.eJib
Hb!X cpopM B03MO)!{HO He TOJibKO B rrpe.n.eJiax O.LI:HOH KYJibTYPhl, HO ll Me)!{
Jl.Y KYJihTypaMII, oco6eHHO ecJIII OHII poJJ.CTBeHHhl. B TO *e BpeM51 HeKOTO
pb1e llC'CJie,'LOBaTeJIII rrpII,ll.ep)!{llBaI01'C51 rrpoTIIBO'ITOJIO)!{HOH TOIIKll 3peHII51 ll
CIIIITaIOT paccMaTpIIBaeMyIO Ka'TeropIIIO KepaMIIKll Ba)!{Hb!M KYJihTYPHb!M
rrpII3H3KOM 34 •
CJia6o 06ocHOBaHHb1M II pa3pa6oTaHHbIM oKa3bJBaeTrn ceifqac II corro
cTaBJie·HIIe 3TOH KepaMIIKII c MaTepIIaJiaMII pIIMCKIIX cJioeB OJibBIIII II TIIpbI.
3TO, K CO)KaJieHIIIO, OTHOCllTC51 He TOJib'KO K MaTepIIaJiaM crenHh!X rraM51T·
HH'KOB, HO II KO nceH. qepH51XOBCKioii KYJihType. Yrne·P*JJ.eHIIe 06 Hx cxoJJ.
crne CTaJIO o6IUIIM MeCTOM, KOIIYIOIUIIM II3 pa60Tbl B pa6ory, HO HllKeM
CITCUIIaJibHO He llCCJie,ll.OBaHHb!M. CTapaJIJieJihHO cyruecrnyeT MHeHIIe 06 OT·
JIII'IIIIII cepornHH51HOH rrocyJJ.hJ rro·ceJieHIIH II MOfllJihHIIKOB CeBepHoro CTpII
q,epa.01M01p b15I 1nep1Bhrx 1sewo1B 1H ameH. ~p bl ,OT oe1p·01r JI1lliH15l1Hoii ni01cyin:h1 1p·II'M1C:K!o1ro
BpeMeHII ll3 0JihBllll 35.
Borrpoc o CTaHKOBOH lllepoxoBaTOii KYXOHHOH rrocy,ll.e crreu,IIaJihHo He
pa3pa6aThrnaJICH, OJl.HaKo cyruecrnyeT MHe1rne, IITO OHa crreumtrnIIHa Jl.JI51
30 11. T. 4 e pH ll Ko B. YKa3. co'!.
31 E. B. Max Ho. 06 ocHOBHhIX 3a.naqax .. ., c. 61.
32 11. C. Ka Me Heu. K 11 ii. YKa3. co'!., c. 25.
33 CM., Harrp11Mep, corrocTaBJieHllll .llJill KepaMHKH rroceJieHmt BHKTopoBKa-ll
(3. A. Chi Mo Ho B II 'I. K sorrpocy o rrpoHllKHOBeHHll .. ., c. 184, p11c. 1).
34 3. A. C hi M o Ho B H '!. TIJieMeHa ITo.nHerrpOBhll B rrepBoii rroJIOBHHe I ThlCl!'IeJie·
Tiil! Harneii .3ph1. ABTOpeqi . .1\0KT . .nHc., M., 1971, c. 9, 21-22.
.35 T. A. )3 pa ii q e ill ch Ka. mis.netttta MeJKa .. ., c. 12.
124 A. B. Fya1waa
qepHJIXOBCKOH K):'.'IbTYPbl 36• 06biqHo Ha6Jl!OJJ.aeMOe npncyrCTBHe ee B Kepa
MllqecKOM KOM1IIJJeK'ce CTeIIHbIX naMHTHllKOB, 6e3yC.'10BHO, ycHmrnaer npe.rr.
CTaBJJeHlle 0 ero qepHHXOBCKOM xa paKTepe. 0,uHaKO cnen,llaJJbHOrO aHaJUI
aa 3T()l[i() Mare;p•HaJia [1'0 IIIaMHTHHIKa·M <CTelTIJJ TaKIJKe •He II11PGH:3BO\)J,H.'10Cb.
3a .11enHOH KepaMHKOll see HCCJJe,II.OBaTeJJH npH3HalOT nepBOCTeneHHOe
3THOrpaqrnqeCKoe 3HaIJ:eHHe. 0,uHaKO H3YIJ:CHHe Jle'TIHOH KepaMHKH crenHbIX
noceJieHHH naxo,II.HTrn noKa .B aaIJ:aTOIJ:HOM conoHHIIH. Cnen,11aJihHO B 50-e
ro.rr.hl paccMaTpHBaJJ•rn MaTepHaJJ roJJ.hKO HHJKHero rio,n:HenpoBbH 37, H rnr
.u.a 6bW c.rr.eJraH Bhl&OJI. o eJI.HHCTBe ee o6JIHKa · c J1emrnli KepaMnKofi: Been
qep1rnxoBcKoli KYJJhTyphI. Hpli 3TOM orMetiaJJoch aaMernoe cxoJLCTBO c Ke
paMnKoli cK111Jo"capMaTcKofi: H ropo,n:oB CesepHoro. flpHtiepHOMOpbH 38, a
JJ.JIH OT]l.eJibHbIX 1JopM H c nocy.ll.OH npnqepHOMOpCKHX noceJJeHHH 3JlJlH
Hl:ICTHtieCKOro BpeMeHII 39. KpoMe roro, no Marep1rnJJaM naMHTHHKOB no6e
pe}l{bH THJinryJJhCKoro JJHMaHa BbIHBJJeHo aaMernoe OTJJHtille Be.ll.ylll,HX
qiopM JienHo:ii nocy.ll.hl OT Marep11a.10B JiecocrenH 40• B ro }Ke .BpeMH JJ..'IH
paliotta nopo}l{ttcroro ,UHenpa ycraHOBJieHo HaJIIltille oco6oH:, Heo6bltiHOH
Jl..'IH .aceli tiepHRXOBCKoli KYJihTYPhI rpyn:nhr Jierrnoli TIOCYJl.hI 41 • C naMHTHil
KOB, paCKa•TibIBaBIUilXCH TI03]1.Hee, .1enHa5! KepaMHKa ny6JIHK0BaJJ&Ch Bb160-
poqHo. B cnen.Ha.1bHYJO pa6ory r. <l>. HHKHTHHOH H3BeCTHbIH TOr;:I.a HeMHO
ro•rncJieHHbIH MaTepIJaJl B•K.'lJO'qeH .. He 6bIJI, TaK KaK aBrop COMHeBa.1ach B
B03MOZKHOCTH OTHeCeHHH K qepHHXOBCKOH KY•1hType lO}l{HbIX naMHTHHKOB :
KaMeHHbIM AOMOCTpOHTeJihCTBOM 42 • Ha naMHTHIJKax, H3.BeCTHhIX T0•1hKO no
paaBe:.J.Ke, HaJIIltiIJe JieIIHOH KepaMHKil B 60.1bIUIJHCTBe CJiytiaeB <l>HKCHpyeT
CH, xorn oHa H CIJJib'HO Il3Me.'IhtieHa. flpaB.n:a, Ha OICHOBe Ha6mo.rr,eHHH Ha
naMHTHlfiKax 3a.u.HecrpOBbH BbICKaaano MHeHHe o. ee HeKOTOpOM CBOeo6pa-
3IlH 43 .
C.1eJ1.0BaTeJibHO, Her y6e,n:HTe.'Ib'l:lblX COiIIOCTaBJJeHHH MaCCOBoro Mare
p1rn.1a CTe'IIHbIX naMfiTHHKOB c ·KepaMUKOH 3T3JlOHHOro paHOHa JJecocrenH.
HcCJJe)J,oBaTemf no-npe}l{HeMy orpaHHIJ:HBaJOTCfi KOHCTarauMeH CXOJl.CTBa IIX
KepaMntieCKOro KOMIIJJeKca •C qepHHXOBCKHM, xorn 3TOT BblBOJI. 6bl.1J ·Cj.J,e.1a f{
rorJJ:a, KOr.ll.a pacc~rnrpMBaeMbie iIIaMHTHHKH TOJJb'KO craJJM IJ3BeCTHhl. TeM
He MeHee IIMeHHO 1KepaMHKa J1.aeT MHOOIM MCC.'le,ll;OBare.lJHM OCHOBaHMe OT
HOCtITb na~rn:THHKIJ crenHOH 30Hbl K tIMC•1Y qepHHXOBCKIIX 44,, tIJO BpHJI. JIU
MO}l{HO Clfl!TaTb MeTO)J,0.1orntieCKM 6eayKOpH3HeHHblM. ,Uame eCJJH H HCXO
J.l.HTb. M3 TOJK,11.eCTBa •KepaMMKH CTeIIHblX Il JJecocrenHblX naMHTHHKOB, TO H
'l'OrJJ:a HeJJb.351 ~·01KaaaTh KY.i'IbTy•pHoe e,rr.aHC'Il&O.
Heu-rpa1B10MepH101CTh Ta.KOlf{J :BbllB•DIU.a IKUH<cTaTM1p01Ba.1a·ch ern,e · ·B 50-e ro
Jl.hI 45. B«Y3'M«.l!iKiHO, M·e1Hee cKe,nriPIHO ieJJetnyer nO\ll:•OH'TH K :nOITThlTKe Bhiill.eJJH'Tb
Ha 01C·HOBe •01TJJHIIJ:Il'H IB Ke,pa;vrn1Ke .aap'Ha1HT rqe,pHHXiOBCKOH <K.YJihTy1pbl, XiOTH 'B
9TIOM 01yiqae CJJe,JJ,yer rO<B·O·PHTb CNOlP·ee '° 1Ba1pnanre tIQpH5l'XOIB1CIKOlf{) Ke;paMH·
s5 E. B. Max Ho. 06 ocROBHhlX aa;i;a•rnx ... , c. 61.
31 3. A. Chi Mo Ho B II'\!. JienHall. nocyna '!epHHXOBCKoli KYJibTYPhl H.m1rnero Jl.Hen-
pa. KCHHMK, Bbm. 68 M., 1957.
3a T a M JK e, c. 19.
39 3 .. A. c bl. M 0 H 0 B H q, 0 HeKOTOpb!X rnnax noceJieHHii nepBb!X BeKOB Harneii 3pbl
B CeBepnoM DpHqepHOMOpbe. - KCl1I11'>1K, Bblll. 65. /\-1:, 1956, c. I.33.
40 T a M )ll e, c. 134.
41 M. A. TH x a Ho Ba. ~1 irna. coq., c. 175.
42 r. <I>. H HK HT H Ha. YKa3. coq., c. 71.
43 H. M. Ill Mar JI H ii. ApxeonorH'!eCKHe pa3BeAKH .• ., c. 53.
•
44 11. T. 4 e p H HK o B. DaMHTHHKH qepRHXOBcKoii KYJibTyphl ... ; H. M. Ill Ma r
JI H H. Apxeo,wrn'ieCKrre pa3Be,!l;KH ... , c. 53; JL B. Cy 6 6 o TH H. ApxeOJIOrH'lecKliH pa3-
se.rr.Ka 6eperos peKH Tarn6yHap; H. M. K pa B q e HK o. K H3Y'\ICHHIO naMHTHHl<Oll •.• ;
0. B. r y AK 0 Ba. Prn!Bi)l.Ka 6eperfo 03epa Kf!Taii.
• 5 M. A. T •H x a H o B a. Y'Ka3. co11., c. 16.
K ucropuu KYAbTypuou arpu(Jyquu na.«H.THUKOB ttepnH.XOBCKOW runa 125
qeieiK-Olr.0 !KOM'TIJJeKca. :Bp!HIA JIM •M•e''J10\,<'lOJJOlrll'tI~CKH 16eayampH31HCITTiHO 1)1.Q.~Ty«rnJia
E. B. Ma1x;HO, IBhlACJIM1Billia1H lO}l{HO..,CTelil'HOIM .aaipMa!HT qe1p1H1HX•OOCK<01H 1Ky.1b
TY'P·hI 46, HC.X<CJ<AH. Ka1K .H:3 ·OIIe1BHlZJJI01W na 1np:HH~iJI.,1eJK1HocTH ITTa1Mi5IT.HHKO!B IJI-O
6e;peraM KpYJnHhIX •peK ,B 1cTe.nM K •IJ:eJP1HiHJX<01B1C1KiOH Ky.!Jbrype, rqro ·ellll;e Tpooy
er JI.<OiKaaaTeJJhiC'TIB, a aaTeM 1cmpeJ1.eJJHH 1Ba,pHaiHT 1Ky.1hTYPhI no •01ooi6eH1H·01C'THM
~aM~a . . .... ·
HaKom1eHt1e aa nocJJeAHHe rOAhI. 6oJihmoro Q.JaKTMIIeCKoro MaTepMaJJa
TI03B0.1JHeT BbI,ll.e.lJHTb B H3yIJ:eHHH •KepaMMKII HeCKO.!JbKO nepBOCTeneHHblX, no
HarneMy MHeHMJO, a3J1.ati. B pa3pa6oTKe BOnpoca o cxoJJ;cTBe KepaMHKH
crenHhIX H .lJ.eCOCTeilHbIX naMHTHHKOB Heo6XOJI.HMO nepeHTH OT KOHCraran,1rn
o6rn,ero -CXOJI.CTBa H conocraBJJeHilfl OTJl.e.lJbHbIX cpopM K COCTaBJieHHIO no
BCeMy MaTepnaJJy cpaBHHTeJJbHbIX cpopMaJibHO-THIIOJIOrHtiecKHX ra6JIMLJ..
T1oJJbK'O ·OH:H 1noa1B·OJJ•mor 016beKTMB1H10 .O!ll,eHMTh M•e1py ;oxo,JlenBa, rnpnIIeM •Ha m~p
Bbift nJJaH BhIJl.BHraerCH aonpoc o cneumpHKe KepaMMKH neneH. Bw.z:eJJem1e
M pa3pa60TKa O,ll.HOro TOJibKO CXOJl.CTBa c co6crneHHO 11epHHXOBCKOll Kepa
MHKOH, aaKOHOMepHbie CHatia.1a, Moryr aaropM03HTb IIOHliM3HMe oco6en
HOCTeH naMHTHMKOB 10ra 47•
Ba}l{HbIM cpeACTBOM pemeHHH noii ·aa)J,atin, KpoMe cpopMa.1bHo-nrno.10-
rntiecKoro conocraBJJeHHH, HBJJHeTCH cpaBHeHHe <KOJIUtieCTBeHHblX COO.THO·
meHHH pa3.1JH'fHbIX KareropHH Il Q.JopM 'KepaMHIKH B cpaBHMBaeMbIX KOMil
JJeKcax. Paapa6oTKa KOJIMtiecrneHHhlX xa•paKrepnCTHK JJ.JIH naMHTHHKOB cre
nn naxo.ll.HTCH na ypoBHe ny6mrnan,riit no OTAeJihHbIM naMHTHMKaM. KpoMe
roro, aBTOpbl IIO)lC'leTOB He coo6rn,a10T 0 CBOeH MeTO,Il.HKe KOJ1MtieCTBeHHhlX
onpej.J,e.!JeHIIH, 'Il03TOMY OCTaercH HCHCHOH B03MO}l{HOCTb COilOCTaBJieHHfl
peay.1hTaTOB. MerOJl.hI MaTeMaTHtiecKoli craTHCTHKH K noMy Marep1ia.'ly
B006lll,e He npMMeHHJll!Cb;
0JLHaKo see cKaaaHHoe Bhlme He oaHatiaer, tiTo J1.ame npe,n:Bapnre.1b
HOe Il orpaHHtieHHOe no B03MO}l{HOCTH BblBO;I.OB Il3Y''leHHe KepaMHKH He MO
}l{eT J1.aTb 3aaqIJMblX peayJJbTaTOB. 0)1,HH raKOH peay.1hT3T y:iKe HMeeTCH
no o6HapyiKeHHe noceJJeHnli c ornntiHhIM or paccMa11pnBaeMoro KepaMn·
tieCKIIM KOMnJJeKCOM. BnepBhie 3TO na6JJ10,rr.eHHe 6hIJJO •cJl.eJJaHo H. M. lllMa•r
.lJHeM 48• flaMHTHHKH o6onx BM.II.OB B OCHOBHOM CllHXpOHHbl, TaK KaK ace OHM
)J,arnpy10rCH pllMCKHMH aM1JopaMH. Ha OAHHX M3 Jrnx napH.ll.Y c aMQ.JopaMH
npeACTaBJJeHbI eme H rrpOtille 'KOMTIOHeHTbI qepHHXOBCKoro KepaMH'leCKOro
KOM•nJJeKca, a Ha .u:pyrnx B JJytimeM cJJytiae ecTh o6JIOMIKH TPYJIHO ompeJ1.e
JJHMbIX JJenHhIX cocy,rr.oB, q>parMeHThI cepornMHHHOH craHKOBOH nocyAhI IIJJH
orncyTCTBYIOT, •HJIH e)J,HiHil'lJHbI M ITTPH 3T·OM -MaJI·OIBhI•paall're.'lhlHhI. Ta1K,
H. M. KpaB'l:eHKO na 15 npoaHa.rnaHpoBaIIHhlX ero naMHTHHKOB Eyii,:iKaKa
. pHMCKoro BpeMeHM K tiep1rnxOBCKHM orHecJia TOJJhKo 6 49
• TaKoe }Ke HBJJe
HHe oTMetieno H. T. 4epHHKOBhIM 50 H TIOJl.TBep}l{,ll.aercH noc.1e,ll.yIOrn,HMM
paalBeJJ,:KaMH 51• iBce !31'H •Il<OCeJJeHHH, .no 1pa3B·eJJ.>CitIIHbIM Jia•HHbIM, 60.'Ibllle HH
tieM He pa3Jlll"l3lOTCH. 0HH HaXOJ1.5ITCR B 0.ll.MHaKOBb!X: TOhorpacpnqecrirnx
yc.10BHRX II paCTI0•10>Ke'Hbl BnepeMe}l{KY H B He1nocpeJ1.CTBeHHOH 6JIM30CTH
Apyr K .n:pyry. CToKa HM OJI.RH noJ1.06HbIH na:.-.rn:rH!fK He pac·Ka1nhrna.1cH. Ee
aycJJOBHO, TaKHe pacKOilKH HBJIHJOTC51 0)1,HOH ll3 nepB0011epe,UHbIX 3a,Uaq.
46 €. :B. M a x ~1 o. 3HOB'Y npo "1'0Ka•'lhH·i BaplaHT!I qepHl!XiBCb'KOI KYJibTyipn. - Apxeo
JJorill, T. XXIV. K., 1970; e e JK e. 06 ocHOBHhlX aa.rr.aqax ...
47 H. M. K p a B q e HK o. K 1rny'!eH11!0 naMHTHllKOB .. ., c. 52.
48 IL M. Ill Mar JI 11 ll:. ApxeoJIOrH'leCKHe pa3BeAKll .. ., c. 53. HuTepecHh!e Ha6JI10,n;e
HHH CAeJiaHhl Ha OCHOBe KOJill'!CCTBeHHblX COOTHOlllCHHH rpynn KepaMHKH TIO Ml!TepttaJiaM
EyinJKaKa, Me aaMeqe1Ho oTJJHi<!He OT c.ooTHomeHR•ii B Ko,MJnJieKCax J1epocTenHoro HM1He
npoBbH (H. M. K p a B q e HK o. K H3y'leHHIO naMHTHHKO.B ... , c. 58-59).
49 H. M. K p a B q e H .Ko. K 113yqea1110 naMHTHHKOB ...
so H. T. 4 e p 11 l! Ko B. TiaMHTHHKH 'lepHHXOBCKoii KyJJbTYPhl. ..
51 A. B. r y AK 0 Ba. Pa3Be,D.Kll B CTelIHOM 3a,n;HeCTpOBbe.
A. B. fyqKoBa
CTptt H3yqeHHH XapaKTepa noceJieHHH qepHHXOBCKOfO Trnna 3HaqIITeJib
HbIX pa3Hornarnii He B03HHKaeT. TonorpacpIIH noceJieHIIii II xapaKTep IIX
TIJiaHnp,OiBKII B ICTeiTIII 1npaiKTrnqeCKII 1He iOTJIHqaIOT1C5J 10:T H:31Be,CTHb!X
B JiecoCTenn. 0HII HaXO,iJ:HTCH o6bl'qHo B HII:>KHeii qacTII nOJIOTHX CKJIOHOB
peqnbIX ,11.0JIIIH (HHOr,11.a Ha T3lKIIX :>Ke nOJIOfHX MbICax)' 6JIH3KO y B0,11.bl,
BblTHHYThI B,11.0Jib 6epera. TaM, r,11.e 3TO y,11.aJIOCb npoCJie,11.HTb, :>KIIJIHW.a pac
noJIO:>KeHbl JJ:BYMH Ila paJIJieJibHbl:'v!lI pH;J.aMII. CToceJieHHH Hey~penJieH1Ible.
BpH;i. JIH MO:>KHO cqIITaTb Ba:>KHhIM OTJiaqneM pacnoJio:>Ke1rne ne1rnTopb1x
noceJie1rnii (HaITTpIIMep, BIIKTopoBKa-II, <PypMaHOBKa, Haropttoe-II II Ha
ropttoe-III) Ha o6pbIBIICTOM 6epery JIIIMaHa IIJIII 03e1pa, XOTH TaKoe MHeHIIe
II 6b!JIO BblCKa3aHo no nOB0,11.y <PypMaHOBKII 52• QqeBH,11.HO, 6oJiee Ba:>KHOH
oco6eHHOCTblO. CJie,11.yeT cqIITaTb MaJible 1no cpaBHeHIIIO c JieCOCTenb!O pa3Me
pbl noceJiel!;rn, npOTH:>KeHHOCTb KOTOpb!X B,11.0Jib 6epera JIHIIlb B pe,11.KIIX
c.r1y"!a1HX n:prn6.nrn:>KaeTicH IK 500 ,Af, a .016b11qao 31HamneJibH.o MeHbrne. ::'.ho H:B
JieHIIe cneuIIaJibHO OTMeqaJIOCb paHee .,11.JIH .paiioHa HIIKOTIOJIH 53.
CJIO:>KHee rpaKTOBaTb xapaKTep ,11.oMiocTpOIITeJihCTBa. 3,11.ech pa3Horna
caH Ha"rnHaIOTCH y:>Ke c c:npe,11.eJieHHH 3HaqnMocrn 3TOro npn3HaKa. EoJib
lllIIHCTBOM IICCJie,11.oBaTeJieII OH oueHnBaercH oqeHb BhICOKo (M. A. Tnxatto
Ba, r. E. <Pe,11.opoB, M. E. lllyiKIIH II .n.p.). 06oico6JieHHbIM HBJIHeTCH MHeHHe
3. ~A. CbIMJOH,CIB'aqa, 1wTopb1ii ·c1qIIraeT xapaiKr.e1p1Hb1,e 00016em-wicTn no:c·eJie··
HIIII H ,11.0MOC'DpOIITeJibCTBa Mettee 3HaqHMblMH 54.
B HacTomuee BpeMH, KpoMe ,a:aBHO H3BecTIIbIX noceJieHIIH cTenttoro
noa1HeITTp1CIBbH, pa,c,KaflbIIBaJI<C)Cb 119 1H01CeJie1mii (He:pyma:ii, Mrnp1Hoe, Ha1T01p
J-IOe-II, ,lJ:pa1KyJIH, CTpIIMOpCKoe, KuceJioBo, BttKTopoBKa-II, <PypMaHOBKa,
Kanyc111rno, TIIJIHryJio-Eepe3aHKa, Ko6JieBo, CHIIrttpeBKa, AcpattacbeBKa,
)J:apbeBKa, EepHcJiaB, )J:y,11.qa1Ibl, faBpIIJIOBKa, fpyllleBKa, KyT). YcrattoB
JieHo, 'qTo Ha CTeIIHb!X noceJieHHHX c Kepa'MIIqec'KHM iKOM'nJieKCOM qepHHXOB
CKOro Trnna npnMeHHJIIICb TPII Ba,a:a :>KIIJIHW.: 3eMJIHHKII IIJIH noJiy3 eMJIHHKH
(BttKTopoBKa-II
55
, TnJirnryJio-Eepe3aHKa 56 , Haropttoe-III 57), Ha3eMHbie
rJI11Ho611THhle :>KHJIIIII..La (HepylllaH 58, Haroipttoe-II 59 ) n KaMeHHbie ,11.oMa
( <PypMaHOBKa
60
, Ko6JieBo 61
, MnpHoe 62 II ,11.p.). BapnaHTOM noCJie,11.Hero
TlI'IIa HBJIHIOTCH KaMeHHo-,caMaHHb!e ,11.0Ma B KnceJIOBO 63. npn 3TOM noKa
He 3aMeqeHO pa3HIIl.l,bl B MaTepIIaJiax noceJieHHH c pa3Hb!M ,11.0MOCTpOHTeJib
CTBOM
64
. YcTaHOBJieHo, qTo 3eMJIHHKH II KaMeHHhie ,11.oMa MorJIII npIIMeHHTb
CH Ha 0,11.HHX II Tex :>Ke noceJieHHHX (TnJinryJio-Eepe3aHKa 65 n BnKTopoB-
~: H. M. KP a.B q e HK o. K r13yqem110 rraMl!THIIKOD .. ., c. 53, 62.
54
A. T. BP a H q e B ch Ka. ITiBAeHna MeJKa .. ., c. 11.
3 .• A. C bl M o Ho B II q, ITJieMena IToAHerrpoBhll B rrepBoii: rroJIOBIIHe
Tllli HaIIIe!I 3pb1, c. 9. Thlcl!qeJie-
55 3. A. c I.ii M 0 H 0 B II q, A 3 CT • IT c . . ,. p 0 B OH. oceJieH!Ie BIIKTOpOBKa-II B YCThe
19o6c~'.~~-~epesanc;rnro JIIIMana. (ITo Marep!IaJiaM pacKorroK M. <P. DOJITeHKo). _· CA,
:: 3. A. c bl 'M 0 H 0 B II q_ l1rnrn IICCJieAOBaHIIH .. ., c. 209, 212, pile. 2.
A. 8.. r y AK 0 B a. QrqeT 06 apxeOJIQf!IqecKIIX pa3BeAKax IJ MelKAype%e JJ:ne-
CTpa.81! JJ:ynal! B 1973 r. - ApXIIB OAM.
~9 H. M. KP a B q e H Ko. K II3yqenmo rraMl!THIIKOB .. ., c. 54.
6c JI. B. CY 6 6 o T II H. Orqer. - Apx!IB HA AH YCCP, N2 5470-72.
~ 1 H. M. KP a B q e HK o. K llsyqenmo IIaMl!THIIKOB .. ., c. 68.
62 3. A. c bl M 0 H 0 B H q_ l1rnrn HCCJieAOBaHIIH ... , c. 217, 218, 'pHC. 7.
· H. M. KP a B q e HK o. Pa6oTbl qepHllXOBCKoro OTPl!Aa JJ:necrpo-JJ:ynaii:cKoii: sKc-
IIeAHUHH, c. 4 I-42. ·
!! K E.. P a e B c K H ii:. HaseMHh1e coopylKenm1. .. , c. 265.
l1sBeCTHhl OTAeJihHhle IIoceJieHHll c KaMeHHblMII AOMaMH narrpHMep BepHcJiaB B
KepaMHqecKOM KOMTIJieKce KOTOpblX llPKO BblpalKeHbl CKH<j:>CK~e H capMaTCKHe qepTbl
(€. ~-Max Ho, B. A. Mis i H. YKas. coq., c. 1214-126).
3. A. C bl Mo Ho B H q_ Hrnrn 1IccJieA0BaH1Iii: .. ., c. 230-231.
K ucTopuu KY/lbTypHotl aTpufJyquu na.Mf!THUKOB 'lepHRXOBCKOzo Tuna 127
Ka-II 65). flpn 3TOM 1KaMeHHb1e ,11.oMa oKa3hIBaIOTCH HBJiem1eM 6oJiee no3,11.
HHM, TaK KalK OHH IIJIII •nepeKpbIBaIOT 3eMJIHHKH (BHKTOpOBtKa-II), HJIH CTO
HT Ha KYJibTYPHOM cJioe (Ko6JieBo).
TaKIIM o6pa3oM, KaMeHHOe ,ll;OMOCTpOIITeJibCTBO oKa3bIBaeTCH pacinpo
crpatteHHhIM B CTenHX OT )J:Henpa ,11.0 )J:yHaH, HO He HBJIHeTCH e,11.IIHCTBeHHO
B03MO:>KHb!M Ha noceJINIHHX c KepaMH 1KOH qepHHXOBCKOro T1Hna. ::'.ho BeCh
Ma Ba:>KHbIH Bb!BOJI:. flepBOirnqaJibHO IIMe!JIHO HaJI11q11e KaMeH!lbIX ,11.0MOB He
no3BOJIHJIO OTHOCIITh 'noceJieHHH flipIIqepHoMopbH ,K qepHHXOBC'KlI'M 67• OrpII
ua.rrncb ,11.a:>Ke CaMa B03MO:>KHOCTb 3aIIMCTBOB3HIIH qepHHXOBCIKIIMII nJieMe
HaMII, pacnpocTpaHeHIIe KOTOpbIX npe.rr:noJia:raeTCH K IOry, HOBblX HaBbIKOB
,11.oMocTpoeHHH y Mecrnoro 3JIJIIIHH3IIpoBa'HHOro ttaceJieHIIH 68• Cymecrnyer
MHeHIIe 0 npIIHa,11.Jie:>KHOCTII noceJieHIIH c KaMeHHbIM ,11.0MOCTpOHTeJihCTBOM
IIMeHHO 3TOMY HaCeJieHIIIO 69• flo 3TOMY npII3HaKy paCCM'aTpIIBaeMbie na
MHTHHKII OKa3aJIIICb o6'he,ll.HHeHHblMII B 0,11.IfH THn noceJieHIIH c KaMeHHblM
,11.0MOCTipOHTeJibCTBOM. flpII BCeH nepBOCTeneHHOH 3HaqHMOCTII xapaKTepa
:>KJIJIHII..La ,11.JIH onpe,.'I.eJieHIIH KYJihTypttoH: npIIHa,11.ne:>KHOCTII BpH,11. JIH MO:>KHO
orpattnqnBaThCH TOJibKO 3TIIM npII3HaKoM. He l'ICKJIIOqeHo, ttTo B q1H:Jie no
ceJieHIIH c KaMeHHb!M ,11.0MOCTpOIITeJibCTBOM B pe3yJibTaTe He;J.OCTaToq1HOH
II3yqeHHOCTH oKa3aJIIICb o6'be,ll.lrneHHbIMII pa3Hopo,11.Hb1e (xorn II CHHxpoH
Hbie) o6'beKTbI. Heo6xo,11.IIMOCTb pacqJieHeHirn HX MaCCbI Ha pa3Hbie rpynnhI
Ha3 peJia y:>Ke ,11.aBHO 70• BhICKa3bIBaJiocb npe;i.noJio:>KeHHe o B03MO:>KHOCTH
oco6o BbI,11.eJiaTh naMHTHHKII TIIna EepIIcJiaBa II )J:y;i.qa.H 7.1 c apeaJIOM B Htt-
30BbHX Byra, l1ttryJia II HnryJiblJ.a. TaKoe BbI,11.eJieHIIe, B03MO:>KHO, He JIIIwe
HO OCHOBaHIIH, HO BpH;J. JIII y,11.aqHbIM HBJIHeTCH o603HaqeHIIe <<'KYJibTypa c
KaMeHI-IbIM crpoIITelibCTBOM» 72 . KaMeHHoe ,11.oMocrponTeJibCTBO caMo no
ce6e y:>Ke He MO:>KeT 6bITb onpe,11.eJIHIOIUHM ,11.JIH KYJihTYPHOH aTpn6yuII11
noceJieHIIH B CTpIIqepHoMophe.
Tenepb, Kor,11.a M'HOrIIe IO:>KHbie noceJieHIIH, B TOM qIIcJie 1II ·c KaMeHHbI
MII ,11.0MaMII, TpaKTYIOTCH 6e30fOBOpoqHo KaK qepHHXOBOKIIe, B03HIIKaeT Bon
poc 0 npaqnHax nOHBJieHIIH y 3TOro HKOObI npo,nBH'HYBilleroCH Ha IOr II3
JiecoCTe!nII HaceJieHIIH KaMeHHbIX ,11.0MOB. ITocKOJibKY pe% II;J.eT He npocTO
06 H3MeHeHIIII TeXHHKII CTpOIITeJ1bCTBa, a 0 nOHBJieHIIII IIHOro nJiaHa II
cTpyKTy1pb1 :>KIIJIHII..La, BpH,11. JIII B03MO:>KHO Bice CB0,11.IITb K HOBbIM cpII3IIKo-reo
rpacpnqecKIIM ycJIOBIIHM 30Hbl o6IITaHnH 73 IIJIII :>Ke K 3aHMCTBOBaHIIIO 74,
Qtq,e1BIIiIJ.Ho, IIMe,HHiO aHaJIH3 xa1pa,~re1pa II rnpaqrIIH 1nponc1weill:lllHtX ne1peMe1H
66 B ny6JI1IKaU.1III .3. A. Cb1MOHOB1Iqa II A. 3. 51poaoro «IToceJieHIIe BIIKTOpOBKa-II...»
IIMeeTCll OIIIII6oqHoe yTBeplKAeH!Ie 0 TOM, qro Ha rroceJieHIIII BIIKTOpOBKa-II KaMeHHOro
AOMOCTpOIITeJibCTBa He 6bIJIO. I\aMeHHhle AOMa Ha rroceJie.HIIII yrrOMllHYTl>i B oneTe
JI. M. CJiaBHHa (JI. M. C JI a Bi H. ApxeoJioriqHi AOCJiiAlKeHHll .. ., c. 145-146). BhlTIOJI·
nennal! M. MaJihU.eBblM noA PYKOBOACTBOM aaropa paspa6oTKa rroJieBhlX AOKyMeHTOB n
orqera M. <P. DCJJITeHKO, xpaHl!Il\IIXCll B apXIIBe OAM (IIHBenrapHb!H N2 920-925), He
BOIIIeAIIIHx B rry61mKaU1IJO 3. A. CblMOHOB!Iqa H A. 3. 51poBoro, rroKasaJia, qTQ Ha rroce
JieHIIII IIMeJIIICh KnMeHHhle AOMa, rrepeKphrnaBIIIIIe seMJillHKII (no coo6Il\eH1IJO M. MaJihUe·
na Ha XXI BcecOJ(J3Hoii: cTyAenqecKoii: apxeoJiornqecKoii: KOH<j:>epeHUIIH).
67 T. A. B p a ii: q e B ch Ka. ITiBAenna MelKa .. ., c. 8; M. A. T II x a H o B a JJo-
KaJihHh1e Bap!IaHTbl qepHl!XOBCKOH KYJihTYPhl, c. 178; 3. A. c bl M 0 H 0 B II q_ 0. HeKo
TOpblX Tllrrax noce,1eH1III .• ., c. 134-135.
68 3. A. C hI Mono B II q_ ITaMHTHIIKII .. ., c. 315.
69 K A. P a e B c K II ii:. YKa3. coq., c. 275; .3. A. C hi M o H o B II q, I( Borrpocy
0 npoHIIKHOBeHIIII .. ., c. 183.
70 3. A. c bl M 0 H 0 B II q_ I( Borrpocy 0 CKII<j:>CKOH rrp!IHaAJielKHOCTH qepHllXOBCKOH
KYJihTYPhl. - CA, 1962, N2 2, c. 43.
71 M. B. my K II H. I( IICTOPIIII HIIlKHero ITOAHerrpOBbll B rrepBhle BeKa HaIIIeii:
.3pb1. - Acr3, ,Bhurr. rn. JI., 1970, c. 54, 61.
72 M. B. my K II H. «EBporrelicKal! CapMaTIIH» II qepHl!XOBCKal! KYJihTypa, c. 8.
~: .3. A. c bl M 0 H 0 B II q, HTOrn IICCJieAOBaHIIH .. ., c. 235.
3. A. Chi Mo Ho D II q. ITJieMeHa IToAHenpoBhll .. ., c. 16.
128 A. B. ruaxoBa
(eCJIH cqHTaTb, t!TO tiepHHXOBCKHe hJieMeHa nepece.,1HJIHCb Ha IOr H3 JieCO
CTenH) liJili .oTJIHqnfi CTeilHblX 'IlOCe.11eHHH (ecm1 .•cqHT3Tb, t!TO HX 061naTe·
JIH MeCTHOfO npOHCXOiK!JleHHH) li lIBJIHeTCH fJI3BHblM B H3ytieHHli noceJieHHH.
.llJIH perneHHH 9TOH 3a;'l.at!H Heo6xa,u.nMO BCKpbITHe 60JibllIHX IlJIOlll.3,U.eH Ha
noceJieHHlIX H BblHBJieHHe Il.i13HOB u.e.i1bIX ,U.OMOB.
06'Ha1py2KeHHe B CTeTIHOH 30He MOfHJibHHKOB nma IlOJieH norpe6eHHH
c 6np1ITyaJIH3MOM, xapaKTepHhlM .nmi: tiepHHXOBCKoii KYJihTYPhI, chlrpaJio
pema10rn.y10 poJib B OTHeCeHHH K Heli CTeHHblX noceneHHH paccMaTpHBaeMO
ro TH'Ila, B TOM tIHCJie H c KaMeHHblM )J,OMOCTpOHTeJihCTBOM. ilMeHHO c 9TO
ro MOMeHTa nepecMaTpirnaeTICH onpe,u.eJieHHe pH,u.a naMHTHHKOB, KOTOpble
paHee JfCCJieJI.OBaTeJIH B03)J,ep2KHBaJIHCb OTHOCHTb K qepHHXOBCKHM. Ha1H60-
Jiee no,u.po6Ho 9Ta Toti:Ka 3peHHH pa3BHTa 3. A. ChIMOHOBHti:eM, KOTOpbifi
Tenepb CTaJI cqnTaTb qepHHXOBCKHMH H noceJieHHH c KaMeHHbIM ,U.OMOCTpOH·
TeJihCTBOM - Ko6JieBo, PamKeBoe, KanycTHHO, TnJinryJI-0-13epe3aHKa 75,
KOTOpble paHee K qepHHXOBcKofi KYJihType He oTHOC'liJI 75• OH nepecM0TpeJ1
,n 101npeme.,1<1:mne KY.l!hTypHofi :rnpuHaill,Jie.arn.o<eTH 1M01rHJib!HHKa PaH12Ke:Boe
77
('TiOJibKO iC T>pyinoinOJl,())KeJI:HeM)' iK!O'PO•phIH. paHee Ta!Ki2Ke He OIHTaJl qe;p1HJ5IX·OIB
CKHM.
Bee nccJieJI.oBaTeJIH ,u.oBOJihHO eJJ.HHornacuo pacueHHBaIOT 6npnTyaJIH3M
11epH1HXOBCKoro norpe6aJihHOro o6pH,u.a KaK Oit!eHh Ba:a<:'HhIH KYJihTYPHhIH
npH3HaK, H apHJJ. JIH MO:a<:Ho npeyMeHhIIIaTh 3HatieHHe Haxo,u.Kn Morn.,1hHH
KOB c 6HpHTya:J:ni'3MOM. K Ha1cTOHlll.eMy BpeMeHn B cTenHoii 30He paCKanhl
BaJIOCb 11 MOTHJlhHHKOB, OTHOCHMbIX K tiepHHXOBCKOH KYJibType: JleBHTb
c 6H.p1nyaJIH3MOM (faBpHJIOBKa 78, KaMeHKa-.llHenpoB!C'KaH 79
, BH1KTopoB
Ka-II so,. <Ppytt30BKa 81, Ko6Jieao 82 , HpnMopccrrne 83, no3LnHHH T.IaCTb HttKo
JiaeBKH-KaaauKoii 84, Ka6opra 85, <PypMaHOBKa 86) n JJ.Ba T0.1IhKO c Tpyno
noJio2KeHneM (PamK'.eBoe 87 n Bmmrpa,uoBKa 88).
B HaCTOHlll.ee BpeMH H3ytieHne cTeiTIHhIX MOrHJihHHKOB noJieli norpe6e
HHH B OCHOBHOM HampaB.i1eHo Ha BblHBJieHHe H no,u.po6HyIO pa31pa6011Ky Tex
9.JieMeHTOB norpe6aJibHOro o6pHJla, KOTOpble HaXO,!l.lIT ce6e l!eT'KHe aHaJIO
rHH B 9TaJIOHHblX qepHHXOBCKHX MOfHJlhHli'Kax, T. e. 6apnTyaJIH3Ma, xapaK·
Tepa H COCTaBa norpe6a.i'IbH0fO HHBeHTapH. B 9TOM acneKTe MaTeplia.i1bl
MOrH.1hHHIWB MHoroivpaTHO n ·no,u.po6Ho aHaJIH311poBa.1ttch 3. A. ChIMOHo
Bli"IeM. 0,u.Ha'KO, ec.11u orpaHifqHTblCH TOJibKO 9THM, TO e,u.Ba .Uf 6y.neT B03-
75 9. A. C bl Mo Ho B H 'I. I1TOrn 11ccJieJ:lQBaHttii ...
16 3. A. C bl M o Ho B H 'I. 0 ueKOTOpblX Tlmax rroceJiemliL., c. 135.
77 3. A. c bl M 0 H 0 B H 'I. I( BOrrpocy 0 B03HHKHOBeHHH .. ., c. 183.
78 3. A. C bl M o H o B H IJ. flaMHTHHKH. qepHHXOBCKOii KYJibTypb1 cTerruoro floAHe-
npoBbll; er 0 JI{ e. PaCKOI1KH MOrHJlbHHKa y OB•IapHH COBX03a flpH)l,HerrpoBCKoro Ha
H1n1rneM ,Zl,Henpe. MHA, N2 82. M., 1960.
· 79 3. A. C bl Mo Ho B H 'I. flaM5!THHlrn qepHHXOBCKOH KYJibTYPbL..
80 E. 0. c HM 0 H 0 B H 'I. flepmHii qepHHXiBCbKHH MOrHJlbHHK B TiiBHi'IHOMY flpv
qopHoMop'i. - ApxeoJionb1, T. XX. I(., 1966; er o >Ke. 11TOrn H3y'leHHl! ... , c. 2i5-217.
81 A. A. I( pa a q e HK o. Morn.1bHHK qepHHXOBCKoii KYJibTYPbI B ceJ1e <PpyH30BKa.-
MMA; N2 139. M .. 1967.
82 9. A. C bl M oa o Bu IJ. Urorn 1f3yIJeHHH ... , c. 217.
83 a. A. c bl M 0 H 0 B H '!, PaoOTbl Hl:IK0;1aeBCKOfO OTPll)l.a ...
84 M. Ebert. Ausgrabungen bei dem "Gorodok Nikolajewka" am Dnjepr. -
Prehistorisiche Zeitscrilt, 1913, .N'2 1-2; 9. A. C bl Mo Ho 'B H IJ. I( ~ao111pocv 06 atH1H'lecKo.if
np1rna;r.JrnllrnOCTH Hl!iKIHe.,.'l,IIernpOBCK<l!X !HlJMllTHfllKOB 1piy6e:arn H HaIJa.'la Harueii .:Tpbl. -
30AO, . T. I (34). OJJ.ecca, 1960; er o lK e. florrpe6eHl!ll I-HI BB. H. -"· HHiKOJiaeBc~oro
MOrHJibHHKa 11a HnJKHeM ,Zl,!llernpe, AO 1966 r. M., 1967, c. 232-233.
85 B. B, Ma r o Me Ao B. Hoablii qepHHXOBcKHH naMHTHHK Ha BepeaaHCKOM JIHMaHe,
c. 302.
86 a. A. c bl M 0 H 0 B H 'L Pa3Be,II.KH B XepcOHCKOH H O;r.eccKOH OOJiaCTllX. - AO
1973 r. M., 1974 ,c. 345-346.
87 9. A. c bl M 0 H 0 B H '!. l1Torn H3y'leH!ill ... , c. 224-230,
88 JI. B. Cy 6 6 o TH 11, 11. T. q e p n ll Ko a. llepnHXOBCKHii: 6ecKypraHHblH MOrHJib
HHK y c. BnHorpa,!l,OBKH. - CA, 1971, N2 4.
i
. I
'
I
/( ucropuu KyAbTypHOU arpu6yquu naMRTHUKOB ~epHRXOBCKOcO runa 129
M02KHO npaBHJibHO HHTepnpernpoBaTb paccMaTpHBaeMhie naMHTHHKH • .lleJIO
B TO'M, 'llTO Ha MOfHJibHHKax tiepHHXOBCKOfO THTia B CTenn Ha6Jl10JJ.aIOTClI
H ,u.aJieKo He eJlHHHl!Hbie, Ka'K npe,u.cTaBJllIJIOCb paHhllle, - HBJieHHH, COBCeM
He xa1paKTepHble J1.,1IH JieOOCTelllllf<OH 1HOllIO•Cbl. 0HH ·OTMe11e1HbI y2Ke npH neipB1Q:Y[
3HaKOMCTBe 1co CTenHhIMH aaxopoHeHHHMH B BaJI·Ke .lly6oBOH 89, Ha MO'fHJih·
HHKax B KaMeHKe-.llHenpoBcKoli n B faapH.1IOBKe 90. Pe'lb l:l'.JJ.eT o HaJinqHH
KaMeHHhIX KOHCTPYKUHH, noJJ.6oeB H CKJienoB, 3an.11et1!11KOB y MO<rHJihHhlX HM,
OCTa11KOB ,u.epeBHHHbIX rpo6oB HJIH KOJIOJJ., IlOJIO)KeHHH KOCTHKa co CKpern.eH
HblMH HOfaMH. I1pHIHIJ.HilH3JlbHaH OUeHKa 3HaqHMOCTH 9THX '5l'BJieHHH pa3-
l!HtIHa. TaK, 3. A. CbIMOHOBHtI, KOHCTaTttpyH HaJIHtIHe Ha3BaHHblX oico6eH
H·OCTe'li:, Ol6bl·q'Ho He YITTeJIHeT HM 60JibUIOfiO ,B:HHMaHHH, CJ315I6b!Ba:H ,nx c
OT]leJih>HbIMH HHCi9T>HHt!•HblMH 1BKpanJie!HHIHM!H 'B qepH1.!l'XOIBCKYIO Cipel!I.y, ipa·CTIB<O
pHBlllHMHClI B Heli H He HMe.IOlll.HMH 6oJiblllOro 3Hal!eHHlI ',11.JllI H3ytieHHH na
MlITHHKOB crenn 91• B TO 2Ke BpeMH: pHJI. HCCJie.noBaTeJieii: (M. A. THxaHoaa,
r. B. cPe,u.opoB, 3. A. PHKMaH) npH,!1.alOT 60.1IblllOe 3HatieHHe Ha3BaHHbIM
lIBJieHHlIM H cqHTaIOT Heo6X0,!1.HMbfM HX cneu.nam:moe H3ytieHHe 92. 0)1.HaKo
o6'heiKTHBHaH oneHKa 3HaqHMOCTH 9THX HBJieHnii: 1c TOtIKH 3peHHH KYJihTyp
Hoii: aTpH6yunH naMHTHHKOB IOra oKa:3hIBaeTcH KpaiiHe aaTpyftHHTeJibHoii:.
Jlo CHX nop 60Jiee HJIH M'eHee IlOJIHO ony6JIHKOBaHbl TOJlbKO }1.Ba IlaMHTHH
Ka - faBpHJIOBKa n KaMeHKa-.llHempoBcKaH. MarepHaJibI MOfHJihHHKOB
BI:I<KTOpoB'Ka-II, Ko6Jieso, Pa1HJKeaoe, I1pHMopoKoe n HHKOJiaeBKa-Ka3a
UKaH B 9TOH ee Il03,U.Heli qacTH, KOTopyIO ·CBH3bIBaIOT c qepHHXOBCKHMH nJie·
MeHaMH, ony6.1IHKOBaHbI Bbl6opo11Ho B BH,U.e OT,U.eJibHbIX HHq>apMaUHOHHbIX:
coo6rn.·eHHH. 3110 'He Il03BOJIHeT ocyrn.ecTBHTb IlOJIHbIH aHaJIH3 TeX 9JieMeH
TOB norpe6eHHH, KOTOpble tIY2KJJ.bl qepHHXOBCKIIM MOfHJibHHKaM, HO Haxo
JlHT ce6e BTIOJIIHe qeTKHe napa.'1Jle.11tt B capMaTcKoii H no3JJ.HeC'KHCpCKOii: KYJih
rypax. Bo3M02KHhle B Hac110Hrn.ee BpeMH KOJIHtiecTBeHHhle ou.eHKH otieHb
npe.nBapnTeJibHbl H rrpn6JIH3HTe.1IbHbl, HO Bee 2Ke 3a!CJIY2KHBaIOT BHHMaHHlI.
Ec.11H paCCMOTpeTb HaJIHtIHe XOTH 6hl TOJlbKO no,u.6oeB, TO IlOJiyqaeTCH CJie
,u.y10rn.aH 1KapTHHa: B K:o6Jieao HX 4 H3 20 'BOKpbIThIX norpe6ennH:, B BnlKTO-,
poaKe 3 H3 12, B PaH2KeaoM - 4 H3 20 93• Cxo.nnoe aaaHMoornorneHHe
Ha6mo..II.aeTcH II B Ka6opre - 3 H3 l 0 94• B opeJJ!HeM ::iTo cocTaB.11HeT 20%.
KpoMe Toro, B BttKTOpoaKe-II 3acpHKCHpoaaHhl qeTbI'pe norpe6eHHH B Ka
raKOM6ax·cKJienax H KOCTHKH c no.nornyThiMH .HJIH cwpern.eHHbIMH B roJJeHHX
HoraMH 95• Ha Bcex Tpex MOfH.1IbHHKax llIHpoKo npHMeHHJIHCb paaJIHl!Hhie
KaMeHHhre KOHCTPYKUHH. Ta1K, ,!l.JI'H PaH2Kesoro «HOpMoH: HB.1IHJIOCh nepe,Kpbr·
BaHHe yrJiy6.11eHHH B ,II.He MOfH.1IbI 60JiblllHMH neo6pa6oTaHHblMH KaMeHHbl·
MH IlJIHTaMH» 96•
89 A. T. B pa ii 'I e B c Ka H. llepHHXOBCKHe naMHTHHKH HaanopO>KbH (£10 MaTep11a
,1aM pacKorroK u paaBe)l.oK 11. M. <l>em;e11Ko, A. B. Bon:HHCKOro 1:1 aaTOpa). - MHA,
J'.19 82. M., 1960, c. 174. .
90 9. A. c bl M 0 H 0 B H 'I. TiaMl!THHKH qepHHXOBCKOii: KYJibTYPbl CTCfiHOro nonHe
rrpOBbll.
91 9. A. C bl Mo Ho a n •I. . PacKoo!KJi MO'nH.lJ:bHH!Ka y OBIJaipHH c•oaxo3a Hp111JI1H.enpo1B
cKoro ..... c. 238.
91
· HarnpllMep, 06m;enaaecr11a ToqKa apeHHH r. B, 4>eAopoBa, CBH3b1Ba10111.ero caiMo no·
HMe!HHe 'I'pynono.1m1rnn111H y qep1HHxosu,eB c capMaToKiHM BJllHHH•HeM ( r. B. <1> e Jl. 0 p 0 a.
0 A~rx&6pst)l.a,x rronpeOeHjjll B qepHllXOBCKOH K'y,'lb'cyipe. - CA, 119!56. ,N'g 3).
e rrO,'J,'CIJeTbl Bbl•IIOJIHeHbl no OBeJJ.eH1!HllM, B3JIT,bIM H3 yKa:31l1111HbIX pa6o.T 3. A. Chl
MoHOBHIJa, y KOWPOl10· KOJlll:ltjecTBeHHble oueRKiH COCT3JBH'JIH 15--120% (3. A. chi M 0 HO
B H q, f1JieMeHa Ilo)l.He111p•OBbH .. ., c. 19).
94 B. B. M a r O• M e A •O· a, YKaa. COAi., c. 302.
95 9. A. c bl M 0 H 0 B :l'i°IJ. lhonH H3yIJeflHll ... , c. 215.
96 T a M JK e, c. 22·5.
9-1927
130
A. B. I'y81wea
PaccMaTpHBaeMhle :9JieMeHThl norpe6aJibHoro o6p.H.ua, coBeprneHHO
qy)K;ll.ble ,ll.JIH qepH.HXrOBOKllX nJieMeH Jiecocn~nll, HaXtO,ll;HT BeCbMa .HpKHe
aHaJIOflill B CKncpo-1capMaTCKOM MHpe, qTO OTMeqaeTCH BCeMH llCCJie,ll.OBaTe
JI.HMH
3
aHHMaBIIIHMHCH 3THM nonpocoM 97 • Oco6eHHO HHTepecHo Ha6mo.ue
HHe M. B. lll.yKHHa Ha.U no3,UHeil r·py:nnoil norpe6eHHH HaKoJiaeBKH-Ka3au
Koil, KO'l'opy10 H oH, H 3. A. CbIMOHOBli'q OTHOCHT KO BpeMeHH cyrn.ecTBOBa
HHH qepH.HXOBCKOH KYJihTYPhI 98• 3.uech HHBeHTapb H KepaMH'Ka cooTBeT
cTBylOT npe.ucTaBJieHH.HM o qepH.HXOBCKOH KYJihType, a o~p.H.U norpe6eHH.H,
BKJilOqa.H KOHICTpyKIJ;lllO MOrHJI, BOCXO,ll.llT K 6oJiee paHHell rpyn~e 3axop~
HeHHH
311
oro MiOrHJihHHKa H 1Haxo,UHT ce6e anaJiorHH a 3oJIOTOH BaJIKe .
HcT·OJPHIH Bhl'5IiBJieJHH5I '~YJibTYIPtHblX sJie1MeH1101~ IH1eNeipHtSIXIOIB~CK10lf'O rnpro·
HCXO)K,ll.eHHH B CTeTIHbIX MOrHJibHHKax THITia TI OJI ell. norpe6eHHH 6y.ueT u He
TIOJIHOH ecJIH He yqHTbIBaTh BhICKa3hIBaBrneec.H M. A. THxaHOBOH . H
r. B. cDe.uopOBbIM MHeHHe 0 B03'MO)KHOCTll roTCKOrO i!IpOHCXO)KJI:eHHH pHIZl:a
npH
3
HaKoB. M. A. THxaHoBa Boo6rn.e cqHTaeT qepHHXOBCKY~ KY~bTYPY
!i3Ha11aJibHO repMaHCKOH Ii He ll'CKJilOqaeT icoxpaHeHHH y ee HOCHTeJieH B Te
qeHHe .umneJibHOfO B'peMeHH repMaHOKllX qepT
100
• r. B. c:t>e.uo·poB oco6o
no.uqepKHYJI HaJili'qlle Ha Hll)KHe,U:HenpoBCKllX MOrHJibHH!rnx KaMeHHbIX KOH
CTpyKullH ll .uonycKaJI, qTO pH.U naMJITHHKOB B 3TOM paHoHe Mor II_PHHa,UJie
)K3Tb roTaM 101. B HaCTOHIII.ee BpeM.H B03MO)KHOCTh nrpoBepKH 3TOH rnnoTe
ahl '31Ha1qHT•eJibHO .parCrIIIHIPHJia.ch, 'TatK K31K icTaJIH 1H31BeCTHbl 1H01Bb!e 1MHOfiOillHIC
JieHHbie nrorpe6eHH5I c 1Ka1MeHHblMH KOHICTpyKullHMll.
· Bee npHBe,UeHIHbie tta6JI10,UeHHH npH H3yqeHHH CTeTIHhIX MOrHJihHHKOB,
KaJK ll npH aHaJilf3e KepaMHKll, Tpe6y10T o6paTHTb oco6oe BHHMaHH: Ha llX
OTJill11lle OT 3TaJIOHHblX MrOfllJibHHIKOB JiecocTelTIH. HHaqe llX HCTHHHblll o6JIHK
yrcKOJib3'HeT OT HCCJie,UoBaTeJIH. K 1p0Me TOI10, Heo6xo.UHMO He TOJibKO HaKon
Jiemie HOBOfO MaTepHaJia, HO ll ITIOJIHaH ny6JIHKa·uHH y)Ke HMe10rn.eroCH, TaK
KaK 6e3 3TOTO cepM~131HOe o6'cy)K,UeHHe 'BOnpoca HeB03MIQ)KH0.
J13yqeHHe no M.aTepHaJia'M naM.HTHHKOB CTeTIH OCTaJibHb!X 3JieMeHTOB
KpHTepHH KYJihTYPHOH npHHa,UJie)KHOCTll' (·6bI'I'OBbIX npe,ll.IMeTOB, yKparneHHH
ll opHaMeHTOB) HaXO,ll.llTCH J]OKa B 3aqaTO'l'HOM COCTOHHHH. MHorne npe.u
MeTbI, xapaKTepHhle ,ll.JIH qepHHXOBCKOH iKYJibTYPhl (KOCTHHbie rpe6HH, CTeK·
JIHH'Hhle 1Ky6'Kll, cpn6yJibl onpe.ueJieHHblX TllTIOB), Ha naMHTHHKaX npe.,UcTaB
JieHhl. He .uoouemrnaTh 3Ha·qeHHH 3THX Haxo.uoK He cJie:uyeT, TaK KaK OHH
.ueHCTB'HTeJibHO BXO,ll.HT B qepHHXOB'CKllH KOMlfIJieKtC. 0.uHa!KO He CJie.uyeT 3a-
6bIBaTb ll 'I'Oro, qTO Bee 3Tll Belli.Ii npoBHHll,llaJibHO-pHMCKOrO THITia H Moryr
npHCYTCTBOBaTb He TOJibKO Ha qepHHXOBCKllX naMHTHHKaX. J13yqeHHe OptHa
MeHTOB, •B03MO)K'HOe noKa HC:KJilOqlfTeJibHO i!IO KepaMHKe, Ha MaTepHaJiaX
Bce:H CTe1nno:H 30HpI noKa He ocyrn.ecTBJieHO. A OHO 6h1JI0 6hI nep
1
cne1KTHBHO,
TaK KaK opHaMeHT Ha KepaMuKe JieCOCTeTIHhIX naM.HTIHHKOB y)Ke orrea;HaJib
HO 'llC(:Jie:UOBaJICH I02 ll TI03TOMY HMeeTCH IIIHpOKaH B03MO)KHOCTb cornocTaB-
JieHHH.
97 .9. A. C bl Mo a ora t1:1 ·•:i. llaMir.rHH\KIH qeprHRXoBcKoii: KyJrnryipbl cre1nHoI'o Ilra.n;Henpo·
BhR, c. 312; M. A. Tax a Ho Ba. JloKaJJ,Jilible aapaanrrhI..., c. 1717.
98 IM. B. my IK H H. K Jro'I\OPlliH HmKHeI'O Ilo,!JJH~10'Bbll ... , c. 61; 3. A. c bl M 0 H O·
B a '!. K ao~pocy 06 311llli'leOKoii: np1HHlll!J:JieJKHOC'l1H HHrJKH®Hentpto.OOKiUX, naMHTHJH\KIOIB py6e
:>Ka a rHa'laJJa ttameii: 9epb1. - 30AO, r. I (314). Q.u.ecca, 1900, c. 159.
9) M. B. my K H IH. «E1Brpooeii:oKalI cap'MaTttlI» H qepHlIXOl!ltCKa·lI KYJihTypa, c. 8; er ·O
JK e. K ,HJCT01p1HH HHJKHew llo,n:Hernpo:Bbll ... _, c. 61.
100 M. A. Tux a :Ho B a. Eme paa K aonprocy o np•OlllCJWJKJI.eiHmI qerpHHXOIBCIKOH
HiYJ1h11ypb1. - ~CHA, Bblll. m1. M., 1910, c. 94.
- IOI r. B. <t> e J( 0 'P .QB. Hace1Jie111He IllpyrcKo·.UHe1crpoB1QKOrl10 MeJKJ(ype'!blI B I Tb!Cl!''le·
J!eTllll H. 9., C. 95. .
102 3. A. c bl M '0 H rQ B H '!. QpHatMeHra.UHlI qepHl!XOBrOKOH KepaMrUKH. - MHA, N2 116.
M., 11964.
)/(u.111>1e KOMn.ll~KCtJt 30.llOTOop81>tHcKoeo Ee.M.opo8a 131
TarKHM o6pa30M, B •CTeIIHOH 30He o6Hapy)!{eHO H TIOCTeneHHO BBO,ll.HTCH
B Ha)'IKY orpOMHOe KOJIHqecrn9 naMHTHHKOB, CHHXpOHHbIX qepH.HXOB'CKll'M R
HMelOIII.HX c HllMll oqeHb M;ioro o6rn.ero, O,UHaKO HX qepH.HXOBCKa.H KYJib·
TypHa.H aTpn6yuH.H ITPH BCeH ·aechMa BhICOIKOH ee BepOHTHOCTH TIOKa He .uo
Ka3aHa c Heo6xo,UHIMOH crnneHblO CTpioroCTll ll TIOJIHOTbl apryMeHTall;HH.
A. A. KPABl/EHKO
)l(HJibIE KOMTIJIEKCbI
30JIOTOOP ,UbIHOKOfO BEJifOPO.UA
B JIHTepaType ern.e c ;;i;opeBOJIIOUHOIHHhIX BpeMeH ·CTaJio npHBhlqHbIM
CBH3bIBaTb apxeoJiorn11ecKH
0
H naMHTHHK B r. BeJiropo.ue-.UHecTpiOBCKO'M
c aHTHqHhIM nopo.uoM TupoH. 06 ncTOpHH 3TOro naMHTHHKa nocJie rn6eJIH
THpbI B IV B. H. 3. rroqTH HHqero He H3Becnro. Cne.ueHH.H nnchMeHHhIX HC·
ToqHifrKOB orpaHHqHBa10.11c.H JIHIIIb yrroMHHaHHeM BeJiropo.ua B «CnHCKe pyc·
CKHX ropo.uoB .uaJil:iHHX H 6JIH)KHHX» (KoHeu XIV B.) 1 H o6o3HaqeHHeM ero
Ha MOpCIKHX rKapTax, nopTyJiaHax, OTHOCHIII.HXCH K naqaviy XIV B., no.u Ha·
3BaHHeM MaB'poKacTpOH HJIH MofllKacTpo 2.
flepBbie apxeoJiornqecKHe .Ua'HHhie o BeJiropo.ue 6bIJIH rroJiyqeHhl rrpH
pacKonKax, rrpoBe.UeHHhIX 3. lllTepHOM B 1900 H 1912 rr. 3 PacKOIIKH 6blJl!I
ll!P10iLi:rOJI.)KeHbl B 1919, 1927-11930 .nr. IPYMbltHCKHIMH apxe.QJI10['a1M'll n. HHKO"
pecKy H r. ABaKHaHOM. .
rB pe3yJihTaTe 3TllX pa6oT ycTaHOBJieHO qTQ Ha pa3BaJIHHax TH bl
Jie~HT MOIII.HbIH KYJibTYPHbIH c,Jioii, co.uep*~III.HH 6oraTbIH apxeoJiorn~e
CK.HH MaTepHaJI II03.UHero 1cpe.rr:HeBewoBb.H, HatJHHa.H c KOHa;a XIII B. O.uHaKo
llCCJie,ll.OBaHH.H 6bIJill HanpaBJieHbl fJiaBHbIM o6pa30M Ha H3y11eHHe aHTH·q
HOfO ropo.ua H He CTa~HJlll ne!lblO IIOCJie,ll.OBaTeJibHOe paoKpb!Tlle cpe.uHe
BffiCOBhIX HatIIJiaCTOBaHHH.
ToJibKO c 1945 r. HiicTHTYTOM apxeoJIOrHH AH YCCP BnepBbie rro
HarC'P~.fl.lll;e1M~ 1HaqaVJOCb HIC•CJletz:(OIBaHHe /BeJI1ro1pOlll:a 1Ka1K 1MiHOil'C)CJI10HIHOri'O
naiM.HT~HIKa . c 1963 rf. HICJCJ!elll:OIB2H'H.H IBe,UYT•CH BeJiiT"O'POlll.· TH1p1CiK1()H SIKJCIIIe
Jl:MIUrli'eH 1c y11a1c·'DHeiM 01ZI:eic1c1Koro arpxeo11101rHq,e1erworo H BeJir.qpotn·.LlHeicTip01B
c1K oiro 1rop a elB e)IJlI ec WOlf\O Mys eeiB Ha rUerH"l1P a JI biHOIM ip a·CIK·Oine, IP a1c1no111 o~ e1HH 01M
Ha tCe1BepO-BOC'DOIK H" .BOCTOK OT rrJialBIHhIX IB·OrpOT 1qpe,mHeBe1KOIBOH rKJp;elnOtCTH
xv IB. Hioc~ei.n:yeiMblll yrqarCTOrK qaJCTHJitHO 'IIeipei!<ipblT IHatCbIIIIbrlO rJialCIHICa, r06-
paao1Ba1B111Ienc.H :TipH rCOopy)!{eiHJfll 1p1Ba IBOIKJPIYlf' 1<1pe1H01CTll s.
_Ha IBrceii ICIBOi6otnrHOH OT ·COIBip:IM:eHIHbJrX IHOIC''Dpoe1K [lJIO:III.alll:H 1BerpXiHllH
CJIOH 1CHJ!b1HO 1Ha1piy111I·eH III03tnHeHlllIHIMIH IBITOrpi)!{eH.HIH!MH, UI:01CTH1ra1B1IUH'MIH
'MIHOMa arHTllllJ:IHbJ.X OCTaT1IWIB. Tioi3'J10IMY rOH .H rCOUI:epr)i{lfT pa31HO!B1pe1MeH1HbIH
! BMHoe coopa.Hrne pyrcxmnx JieTOILHteii:, T. VIL OB6., 1·856, c. 240.
A. JI. B e PT be· .U e '71 a r ai p Jl. I( uornpocy o Mec'J10Hax01JKJJ;erH1HJ1 M
«3alJIHCrKH rom1<oro ro.naipxa». - 30011.U, r. XXXIIH. On.ecca 19119 c 14-20a'.Bp<01Ka1crpona
0
3 .9. P. ill Te IP H. 0 rroC.Jie;ll.HHX paCKOrrKax IB A~meprM
1
aHe. '._ · 30011,U r XXIII
.zi:XecXca, 1901, c. 313L-OI; ero JKe. Pa~ornirn a AAKepMane JierooM 19\H:? r .'._ 3oourr'
r. XI. CAAecca, 1913, c. ~lrOI. · · ' in.u.,
4 JI. .U. .UM ur poru. BiVE00tp·oJJ;-JJ;1Hilc'I1p{)BCbKa a,pxeoooni:qHa e~cne.n.urr,iH _ All
~· II. K, 1949; . er rQ JK e. Po3KOIIKJH . B 1.!· Bi<1rPOpro,ui-n1HilC'J1PO.BCbKOMY B 19!417 p. - All'.
19~v· 1:So 19512_'_ 1h 0 JK e. OoH<JIB·~l llllll.ICY1MKH faMaiJIJ>Cl>KO.i apxeQJlioni'IHOi eKClle.D.Hll,.ii
All·._, XI K,pp.1.9"'2 ' ' T. V. K., 1955, A. I. <t> y p Ma H c b Ka. ,Po·311wn1Krtt Tiptt B 1958 p.-
, T. I. ., v.
5 0 • ttrya~HrOHHblH nJJaH 11prnae,ueH B crarhe 11. B. KJ1ettrMaHa a HacrioHmeM c6oipH~!Ke.
9*
|