Влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА при циклическом нагружении в условиях сложного напряженного состояния

Влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА при циклическом нагружении в условиях сложного напряженного состояния

Проанализировано влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА в условиях одно- и двухосного растяжения.

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Datum:2016
Hauptverfasser: Гигиняк, Ф.Ф., Булах, П.А.
Format: Artikel
Sprache:Russian
Veröffentlicht: Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України 2016
Schriftenreihe:Проблемы прочности
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Научно-технический раздел
Online Zugang:http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/173546
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Zitieren:Влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА при циклическом нагружении в условиях сложного напряженного состояния / Ф.Ф. Гигиняк, П.А. Булах // Проблемы прочности. — 2016. — № 5. — С. 148-153. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — рос.

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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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spelling irk-123456789-1735462020-12-11T01:26:42Z Влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА при циклическом нагружении в условиях сложного напряженного состояния Гигиняк, Ф.Ф. Булах, П.А. Научно-технический раздел Проанализировано влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА в условиях одно- и двухосного растяжения. Проаналізовано вплив температури на кінетику пошкоджуваності попередньо деформовано ї сталі 10ГН2МФА в умовах одно- і двовісного розтягу. We analyze the effect of temperature on the damage kinetics of pre-deformed steel 10GN2MFA under conditions of uni- and biaxial tensions. 2016 Article Влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА при циклическом нагружении в условиях сложного напряженного состояния / Ф.Ф. Гигиняк, П.А. Булах // Проблемы прочности. — 2016. — № 5. — С. 148-153. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — рос. 0556-171X http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/173546 620.178.15/179.119 ru Проблемы прочности Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection DSpace DC
language Russian
topic Научно-технический раздел
Научно-технический раздел
spellingShingle Научно-технический раздел
Научно-технический раздел
Гигиняк, Ф.Ф.
Булах, П.А.
Влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА при циклическом нагружении в условиях сложного напряженного состояния
Проблемы прочности
description Проанализировано влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА в условиях одно- и двухосного растяжения.
format Article
author Гигиняк, Ф.Ф.
Булах, П.А.
author_facet Гигиняк, Ф.Ф.
Булах, П.А.
author_sort Гигиняк, Ф.Ф.
title Влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА при циклическом нагружении в условиях сложного напряженного состояния
title_short Влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА при циклическом нагружении в условиях сложного напряженного состояния
title_full Влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА при циклическом нагружении в условиях сложного напряженного состояния
title_fullStr Влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА при циклическом нагружении в условиях сложного напряженного состояния
title_full_unstemmed Влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА при циклическом нагружении в условиях сложного напряженного состояния
title_sort влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10гн2мфа при циклическом нагружении в условиях сложного напряженного состояния
publisher Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України
publishDate 2016
topic_facet Научно-технический раздел
url http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/173546
citation_txt Влияние температуры на кинетику повреждаемости предварительно деформированной стали 10ГН2МФА при циклическом нагружении в условиях сложного напряженного состояния / Ф.Ф. Гигиняк, П.А. Булах // Проблемы прочности. — 2016. — № 5. — С. 148-153. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — рос.
series Проблемы прочности
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fulltext ÓÄÊ 620.178.15/179.119 Âëèÿíèå òåìïåðàòóðû íà êèíåòèêó ïîâðåæäàåìîñòè ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî äåôîðìèðîâàííîé ñòàëè 10ÃÍ2ÌÔÀ ïðè öèêëè÷åñêîì íàãðóæåíèè â óñëîâèÿõ ñëîæíîãî íàïðÿæåííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ Ô. Ô. Ãèãèíÿê, Ï. À. Áóëàõ Èíñòèòóò ïðîáëåì ïðî÷íîñòè èì. Ã. Ñ. Ïèñàðåíêî ÍÀÍ Óêðàèíû, Êèåâ, Óêðàèíà Ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàíî âëèÿíèå òåìïåðàòóðû íà êèíåòèêó ïîâðåæäàåìîñòè ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî äåôîðìèðîâàííîé ñòàëè 10ÃÍ2ÌÔÀ â óñëîâèÿõ îäíî- è äâóõîñíîãî ðàñòÿæåíèÿ. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: äåôîðìèðîâàíèå ñòàëè, ïîâðåæäàåìîñòü ìåòàëëà, îäíî- è äâóõ- îñíîå ðàñòÿæåíèå, ñëîæíîå íàïðÿæåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå. Ââåäåíèå.  óñëîâèÿõ öèêëè÷åñêîé ïîëçó÷åñòè ïðè íàãðóæåíèè äî áîëüøèõ óðîâíåé íàïðÿæåíèé ñ äîñòàòî÷íî ìàëîé ñêîðîñòüþ (�� i � � �10 3 1c ) ïîñòåïåííî óâå- ëè÷èâàåòñÿ ïëàñòè÷åñêàÿ äåôîðìàöèÿ è ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ñíèæàåòñÿ óïðóãàÿ ñîñòàâ- ëÿþùàÿ. Ïðè ýòîì óìåíüøàåòñÿ íàïðÿæåíèå, âåëè÷èíà êîòîðîãî ñâÿçàíà ñ óïðóãîé ÷àñòüþ äåôîðìàöèè, ò.å. ïðîèñõîäèò ðåëàêñàöèÿ íàïðÿæåíèÿ. Åñëè èñõîäíîå (ïåðâîíà÷àëüíîå) íàãðóæåíèå ïðîèñõîäèò íåäîñòàòî÷íî áûñòðî, ìèêðîïëàñòè÷åñêèå äåôîðìàöèè ìîãóò âîçíèêíóòü óæå ïðè íàãðóæåíèè, ò.å. íàêîï- ëåííàÿ ïëàñòè÷åñêàÿ äåôîðìàöèÿ ìîæåò ñóùåñòâåííî ïðåâûñèòü êâàçèóïðóãóþ. Ýòî îñîáåííî âàæíî ó÷èòûâàòü ïðè âûñîêèõ òåìïåðàòóðàõ. Íåîáõîäèìî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ýôôåêò òåìïåðàòóðíîãî ôàêòîðà îáóñëîâëåí åãî âëèÿ- íèåì íà ìåõàíèçì ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ ïëàñòè÷åñêîé äåôîðìàöèè. Èçâåñòíî, ÷òî ïðè äåôîðìèðîâàíèè ïîëèêðèñòàëëè÷åñêèõ ìàòåðèàëîâ ïî ìåðå ïîâûøåíèÿ òåìïåðàòóðû íàáëþäàåòñÿ óìåíüøåíèå êðèòè÷åñêîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ ñäâèãà è êîëè÷åñòâà ïîëîñ ñêîëüæåíèÿ, îäíàêî îíè ñòàíîâÿòñÿ øèðå è êîíòðàñòíåå. Ïðîèñ- õîäèò òàêæå èíòåíñèâíîå ðàçóïðî÷íåíèå ìåòàëëà â ïîëîñàõ ñêîëüæåíèÿ, è äàëü- íåéøåå óâåëè÷åíèå äåôîðìàöèè ìîæåò ïðîèñõîäèòü ïî òåì æå ïîëîñàì áåç îáðàçî- âàíèÿ íîâûõ î÷àãîâ ñêîëüæåíèÿ. Ïðè ýòîì ïðè ïîâûøåííûõ òåìïåðàòóðàõ ãîìî- ãåííîñòü ìåòàëëà èçìåíÿåòñÿ áîëåå èíòåíñèâíî, ÷åì ïðè êîìíàòíîé. Ïðè îöåíêå ïîâðåæäàåìîñòè â ðåçóëüòàòå äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ìåòàëëà íåîáõîäèìî ó÷èòûâàòü âëèÿíèå ñêîðîñòè äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ íà øèðèíó ïîëîñ ñêîëüæåíèÿ, à òàêæå íà èíòåíñèâíîñòü ïëàñòè÷åñêîãî òå÷åíèÿ â êàæäîé ïîëîñå. Çàìåòèì, ÷òî ñíèæåíèå óñëîâíîãî ïðåäåëà òåêó÷åñòè ïðè ïîâûøåíèè òåìïåðàòóðû èñïûòàíèé îáóñëîâëåíî íà÷àëîì ïðîöåññà ñêîëüæåíèÿ ïðè áîëåå íèçêèõ íàïðÿæåíèÿõ.  ñëó÷àå ñòàáèëüíîé ñòðóêòóðû ñïëàâà íàïðÿæåíèå, âûçûâàþùåå ïëàñòè÷åñêîå òå÷åíèå ïðè ïîâûøåííîé òåìïåðàòóðå, îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ñîâìåñòíûì âëèÿíèåì òåìïåðà- òóðû è ñêîðîñòè äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ. Ïîýòîìó ïðè ïîâûøåííûõ òåìïåðàòóðàõ, õàðàê- òåðíûõ äëÿ óñëîâèé ýêñïëóàòàöèè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ ÀÝÑ, íàáëþäàåòñÿ áîëåå èíòåíñèâíîå èçìåíåíèå ãîìîãåííîñòè ìåòàëëà. Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü îñîáåííîñòè óêàçàííîé âûøå èíòåíñèôèêàöèè èçìåíåíèÿ ãîìîãåííîñòè, ñâÿçàííîé ñî ñïåöèôèêîé ðàçâèòèÿ ïëàñòè÷åñêîãî äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ òåïëîóñòîé÷èâûõ ñòàëåé, êîòîðûå íå äîëæíû äîïóñêàòü ïîÿâëåíèÿ ïîëçó÷åñòè ìåòàë- ëà â óñëîâèÿõ ýêñïëóàòàöèè ïðè íåèçìåííîì (áåç ñêà÷êîâ) ïðîöåññå íàãðóæåíèÿ. Ïðè ïåðåãðóçêàõ, ïðåâûøàþùèõ óñòàíîâëåííûé ìàêñèìóì öèêëè÷åñêîé íàãðóç- êè, êîòîðàÿ ïðèâîäèò ê óâåëè÷åíèþ íà 10...20% ïðåäåëà òåêó÷åñòè ìåòàëëà äî ïåðåãðóçêè, íàáëþäàåòñÿ èíòåíñèâíîå (ñ äîñòàòî÷íî áîëüøîé ñêîðîñòüþ) íàêîïëåíèå äåôîðìàöèè öèêëè÷åñêîé ïîëçó÷åñòè â òå÷åíèå 2-3 öèêëîâ íàãðóæåíèÿ ñ ïîñëå- © Ô. Ô. ÃÈÃÈÍßÊ, Ï. À. ÁÓËÀÕ, 2016 148 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2016, ¹ 5 äóþùèì ïðåêðàùåíèåì íàêîïëåíèÿ ïëàñòè÷åñêîé äåôîðìàöèè èëè äåôîðìèðîâàíèå çàâåðøàåòñÿ êâàçèñòàòè÷åñêèì ðàçðóøåíèåì ìåòàëëà. Ïðè ýòîì äîñòèãíóòàÿ äåôîð- ìàöèÿ äîñòàòî÷íî áëèçêà ê ïðåäåëüíîé, óñòàíîâëåííîé äëÿ èññëåäóåìîãî ìåòàëëà â óñëîâèÿõ îäíîêðàòíîãî íàãðóæåíèÿ ïðè òîé æå òåìïåðàòóðå. Òàêîå ïîâåäåíèå ìåòàë- ëà ïðè îïðåäåëåííûõ òåðìîñèëîâûõ óñëîâèÿõ íàãðóæåíèÿ íà äèñëîêàöèîííîì óðîâíå îïèñàíî â [1]. Ïðåäñòàâëåííûå ðàíåå [2, 3] ðåçóëüòàòû, ïîëó÷åííûå â Èíñòèòóòå ïðîáëåì ïðî÷íîñòè èì. Ã. Ñ. Ïèñàðåíêî ÍÀÍ Óêðàèíû (äàëåå – ÈÏÏ) ïðè èññëåäîâàíèè òåïëîóñòîé÷èâûõ ñòàëåé 10ÃÍ2ÌÔÀ, 15Õ2ÌÔÀ, ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò î ïðàâîìåðíîñòè èçëîæåííûõ âûøå ñîîáðàæåíèé î ðàçâèòèè ïðîöåññîâ èõ öèêëè÷åñêîãî äåôîðìè- ðîâàíèÿ â óñëîâèÿõ ýêñïëóàòàöèè âûñîêîíàãðóæåííûõ ýëåìåíòîâ êîíñòðóêöèé îñíîâ- íîãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ ÀÝÑ. Çàìåòèì, ÷òî âûïîëíåííûé öèêë èññëåäîâàíèé èçìåíåíèÿ ïàðàìåòðà ãîìîãåííîñòè mîòí òåïëîóñòîé÷èâûõ ñòàëåé ÿâëÿåòñÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíûì ïîäòâåðæäåíèåì ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîñòè óêàçàííûõ ñòàëåé ïðè ðàáî÷åì ðåæèìå ýêñïëóà- òàöèè îáîðóäîâàíèÿ ÀÝÑ áåç íåîæèäàííûõ ïåðåãðóçîê. Öåëü äàííîé ðàáîòû çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â èññëåäîâàíèè çàêîíîìåðíîñòåé âëèÿíèÿ òåìïåðàòóðû íà ðàçâèòèå öèêëè÷åñêîé ïîëçó÷åñòè è ìàëîöèêëîâîé óñòàëîñòè ïðåä- âàðèòåëüíî äåôîðìèðîâàííîé ñòàëè 10ÃÍ2ÌÔÀ ñ ó÷åòîì åå ïîâðåæäåííîñòè â óñëîâèÿõ ñëîæíîãî íàïðÿæåííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ. Ìåòîäû èñïûòàíèé. Äëÿ ýêñïåðèìåíòîâ èñïîëüçîâàëè òîíêîñòåííûå òðóá÷àòûå îáðàçöû, êîòîðûå íàãðóæàëèñü íà ñòåíäå ÑÍÒ-8Ó [3] ïóëüñèðóþùèìè îñåâîé ñèëîé è âíóòðåííèì äàâëåíèåì â ðàçëè÷íîì èõ ñî÷åòàíèè (K z� � �� � � ; 1; 0,5) ïðè òåìïåðàòóðàõ 285 è 320 Ñ. Âñå îáðàçöû ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî áûëè äåôîðìèðîâàíû ïðè Ò � 20 Ñ â óñëîâèÿõ îäíîêðàòíîãî íåðàâíîìåðíîãî äâóõîñíîãî ðàñòÿæåíèÿ (K � 0 5, ) äî ��îñò � 14, %. Öèêëè÷åñêîå íàãðóæåíèå îñóùåñòâëÿëîñü ñ ïîñòîÿííîé ñêîðîñòüþ èçìåíåíèÿ óñèëèé ïî òðàïåöèåâèäíîìó öèêëó ñ ÷àñòîòîé 2 öèêë/ìèí è âûäåðæêîé 4 ñ ïðè ìàêñèìàëüíîì çíà÷åíèè èíòåíñèâíîñòè íàïðÿæåíèé öèêëà.  êà÷åñòâå ðàáî÷åé ñðåäû äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ âíóòðåííåãî äàâëåíèÿ â îáðàçöå èñïîëüçîâàëè æèäêîñòü ÀÌÃ-10. Ìàêñèìàëüíîå íàïðÿæåíèå öèêëà � i max çàäàâàëè òàêèì, ÷òîáû îáåñïå÷èòü äîëãîâå÷íîñòü íå áîëåå 2 104 öèêë, ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò � �i ibmax ,� 0 8 è âûøå, ãäå � ib – èíòåíñèâíîñòü íàïðÿæåíèé, êîòîðûå îòâå÷àþò ðàçðóøåíèþ â óñëîâèÿõ îäíî- êðàòíîãî íàãðóæåíèÿ ïðè çàäàííîé òåìïåðàòóðå.  êà÷åñòâå õàðàêòåðèñòèê ïðî÷íîñòè è äåôîðìàöèè èñïûòóåìîé ñòàëè ïðè öèêëè÷åñêîì íàãðóæåíèè èñïîëüçîâàëè èíòåí- ñèâíîñòü íàïðÿæåíèé � i è èíòåíñèâíîñòü äåôîðìàöèé � i ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Ïîâðåæäàåìîñòü ìåòàëëà îöåíèâàëè ìåòîäîì LM-òâåðäîñòè [4]. Ïðè ïðîâåäå- íèè îïûòîâ â óñëîâèÿõ ïîâûøåííûõ òåìïåðàòóð íåîáõîäèìûå äëÿ ðàñ÷åòîâ èçìå- ðåíèÿ òâåðäîñòè âûïîëíÿëèñü äëÿ óñòàíîâëåííîãî ÷èñëà öèêëîâ íàãðóæåíèÿ ïîñëå ïîëíîé ðàçãðóçêè îáðàçöà è åãî îõëàæäåíèÿ äî êîìíàòíîé òåìïåðàòóðû ñ ïîìîùüþ òâåðäîìåðà COMPUTEST SC (ôèðìà ERNST, Øâåéöàðèÿ) ñîâìåñòíî ñ ðàçðàáîòàí- íûì â ÈÏÏ äîïîëíèòåëüíûì îáîðóäîâàíèåì [5]. Ýòî îáóñëîâëåíî òåõíè÷åñêèìè óñëîâèÿìè ýêñïëóàòàöèè òâåðäîìåðà. Äëÿ ñðàâíèòåëüíîé îöåíêè êèíåòèêè ïîâðåæ- äàåìîñòè èññëåäîâàííîé ñòàëè èñïîëüçîâàëè îòíîñèòåëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ êîýôôèöèåí- òîâ ãîìîãåííîñòè â âèäå [6] m m m i îòí èñõ � , (1) ãäå mi – çíà÷åíèå êîýôôèöèåíòà ãîìîãåííîñòè ïðè îáðàáîòêå èçìåðåíèé òâåðäîñòè îáðàçöîâ, îõëàæäåííûõ äî êîìíàòíîé òåìïåðàòóðû, ïîñëå óñòàíîâëåííîãî ÷èñëà öèêëîâ íàãðóæåíèÿ ñ ðàçëè÷íûì ñîîòíîøåíèåì ãëàâíûõ íàïðÿæåíèé; mèñõ – êîýô- ôèöèåíò ãîìîãåííîñòè ìåòàëëà ïîñëå ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîãî äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ äî ��îñò � � 14, % ïåðåä íà÷àëîì öèêëè÷åñêîãî íàãðóæåíèÿ. ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2016, ¹ 5 149 Âëèÿíèå òåìïåðàòóðû íà êèíåòèêó ïîâðåæäàåìîñòè ... Óêàçàííûå ïàðàìåòðû îïðåäåëÿëè ïóòåì îáðàáîòêè ðåçóëüòàòîâ èñïûòàíèé, êîòîðûå ïðîâîäèëè äëÿ êàæäîãî èç ðåàëèçîâàííûõ ñîîòíîøåíèé ãëàâíûõ íàïðÿæåíèé è óðîâíåé ìàêñèìàëüíûõ íàïðÿæåíèé öèêëà íå ìåíåå ÷åì íà òðåõ îáðàçöàõ. Àíàëèç ïîëó÷åííûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ. Îöåíèâàÿ âëèÿíèå òåìïåðàòóðû íà ðàçâèòèå öèêëè÷åñêîé ïîëçó÷åñòè è ìàëîöèêëîâîé óñòàëîñòè ïðè ðàçëè÷íûõ âèäàõ íàïðÿ- æåííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ, íåîáõîäèìî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî êðèâûå ïîëçó÷åñòè ñòàëè 10ÃÍ2ÌÔÀ ïðè äîñòàòî÷íî áîëüøèõ óðîâíÿõ ìàêñèìàëüíûõ íàïðÿæåíèé öèêëà è òåìïåðàòóðå 320 Ñ èìåþò âñå òðè äîñòàòî÷íî ðàçâèòûõ ó÷àñòêà çàìåäëåííîé, ðàâíîìåðíîé è óñêîðåííîé ïîëçó÷åñòè.  òî æå âðåìÿ íà êðèâûõ ìàëîöèêëîâîé óñòàëîñòè äëÿ âñåõ ðåàëèçîâàííûõ ñîîòíîøåíèé ãëàâíûõ íàïðÿæåíèé, ïîëó÷åííûõ ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 285 Ñ, îáëàñòè ðåàëèçàöèè êâàçèñòàòè÷åñêîãî ðàçðóøåíèÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè îòñóòñòâóþò, è ðàçðóøåíèå îáðàçöà íàñòóïàåò íà ñòàäèè óñòàíîâèâøåéñÿ ïîëçó÷åñòè. Îñîáåííî õîðîøî ýòî âèäíî ïðè ñòóïåí÷àòîì íàãðóæåíèè (ðèñ. 1). Ïðè ïîâòîðíîì íàãðóæåíèè íà êàæäîé ñëåäóþùåé ñòóïåíè íàáëþäàåòñÿ óâåëè- ÷åíèå ïðåäåëà òåêó÷åñòè íà 30...40 ÌÏà ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ íàïðÿæåíèåì, êîòîðîå ïðåäøåñòâîâàëî ðàçãðóçêå è ïðè êîòîðîì ïðîâîäèëîñü èñïûòàíèå íà ïîëçó÷åñòü. Ïîñëå ðîñòà íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà ïðåäûäóùåé ñòóïåíè íàãðóæåíèÿ äåôîðìàöèÿ íàêàïëè- âàåòñÿ ñêà÷êîì íà íîâîé ñòóïåíè ñ áîëåå âûñîêèì óðîâíåì íàïðÿæåíèÿ [7]. Îäíî- âðåìåííî ñ ïîâûøåíèåì òåìïåðàòóðû èñïûòàíèé äåôîðìàöèÿ, íàêîïëåííàÿ äî ðàçðó- øåíèÿ ïî êâàçèñòàòè÷åñêîìó ìåõàíèçìó, ñíèæàåòñÿ ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ òàêîâîé ïðè êîì- íàòíîé òåìïåðàòóðå êàê äëÿ îäíî-, òàê è äâóõîñíîãî ïóëüñèðóþùåãî ðàñòÿæåíèÿ. Êàê ïîêàçûâàþò äàííûå èññëåäîâàíèé, ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîå äåôîðìèðîâàíèå ñòàëè 10ÃÍ2ÌÔÀ âëèÿåò íà èçìåíåíèå êîýôôèöèåíòà ãîìîãåííîñòè mîòí ïðè âñåõ ðåàëè- çîâàííûõ ñîîòíîøåíèÿõ ãëàâíûõ íàïðÿæåíèé è óðîâíÿõ òåìïåðàòóðû (ðèñ. 2, 3). Ïîëó÷åííûå ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå äàííûå ïî èçìåíåíèþ ïàðàìåòðà ïîâðåæäà- åìîñòè mîòí ïîçâîëÿþò óòâåðæäàòü, ÷òî â óñëîâèÿõ ïîâûøåííûõ òåìïåðàòóð ïðè âñåõ èññëåäîâàííûõ ñîîòíîøåíèÿõ ãëàâíûõ íàïðÿæåíèé èíòåíñèâíîñòü íàêîïëåíèÿ ïîâðåæäåíèé ìåòàëëà ðàñòåò ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ òàêîâîé ïðè êîìíàòíîé òåìïåðàòóðå, íåñìîòðÿ íà òî ÷òî ñêîðîñòü öèêëè÷åñêîé ïîëçó÷åñòè ñ ïîâûøåíèåì òåìïåðàòóðû ñíèæàåòñÿ. Ïðè ýòîì óìåíüøàþòñÿ è âåëè÷èíû ïðåäåëüíûõ äåôîðìàöèé äëÿ ðàçëè÷- íûõ âèäîâ íàïðÿæåííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ. Ðèñ. 1. Äèàãðàììà äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ñòàëè 10ÃÍ2ÌÔÀ â óñëîâèÿõ ñòóïåí÷àòîãî íàãðóæåíèÿ ( )K �� ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 285 Ñ. 150 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2016, ¹ 5 Ô. Ô. Ãèãèíÿê, Ï. À. Áóëàõ Ðèñ. 2. Çàâèñèìîñòü îòíîñèòåëüíîãî êîýôôèöèåíòà ãîìîãåííîñòè mîòí îò íàðàáîòêè ïðè ñòóïåí÷àòîì öèêëè÷åñêîì íàãðóæåíèè ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî äåôîðìèðîâàííîé ñòàëè 10ÃÍ2ÌÔÀ ñ ÷àñòîòîé 2 öèêë/ìèí ïðè ðàçëè÷íîì ñîîòíîøåíèè ãëàâíûõ íàïðÿæåíèé è óðîâíå òåìïåðàòóðû: 1 – K ��, 2 – K � 0 5, , 3 – K �1; ñâåòëûå òî÷êè – Ò � 20 Ñ, ïîëóçàòåìíåííûå – Ò � 285 Ñ, òåìíûå – Ò � 320 Ñ. Ðèñ. 3. Çàâèñèìîñòü îòíîñèòåëüíîãî êîýôôèöèåíòà ãîìîãåííîñòè mîòí îò óðîâíÿ íàêîïëåí- íîé ïëàñòè÷åñêîé äåôîðìàöèè â óñëîâèÿõ öèêëè÷åñêîãî îäíîîñíîãî (à), ðàâíîìåðíîãî (á) è íåðàâíîìåðíîãî äâóõîñíîãî (â) ðàñòÿæåíèÿ ñ ÷àñòîòîé 2 öèêë/ìèí ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî äåôîðìè- ðîâàííîé ñòàëè 10ÃÍ2ÌÔÀ ïðè ðàçëè÷íîé òåìïåðàòóðå: 1 – Ò � 20 Ñ; 2 – Ò � 285 Ñ; 3 – Ò � 320 Ñ. à á â ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2016, ¹ 5 151 Âëèÿíèå òåìïåðàòóðû íà êèíåòèêó ïîâðåæäàåìîñòè ... Ñðàâíåíèå çíà÷åíèé mîòí , ðàññ÷èòàííûõ ïî äàííûì èçìåðåíèé òâåðäîñòè èññëå- äóåìîãî ìåòàëëà ïîñëå ðàçðóøåíèÿ îáðàçöîâ, èñïûòûâàåìûõ ïðè âûñîêèõ òåìïå- ðàòóðàõ è ïðè 20 Ñ [8] ïðè ðàçëè÷íîì ñîîòíîøåíèè ãëàâíûõ íàïðÿæåíèé (ðèñ. 4), ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî õàðàêòåð èçìåíåíèÿ mîòí ïðè Ò � 285 è 320 Ñ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò âèäà íàïðÿæåííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ òàêîé æå, êàê ïðè êîìíàòíîé òåìïåðàòóðå. Ýòî ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò î òîì, ÷òî êðèòè÷åñêîå ïîâðåæäåíèå ìåòàëëà â óñëîâèÿõ Ò � 285 Ñ äîñòèãàåòñÿ ðàíüøå, ÷åì ïðè êîìíàòíîé òåìïåðàòóðå. Âìåñòå ñ òåì ïðè Ò � 320 Ñ êðèòè÷åñêèå çíà÷åíèÿ òîòí â ñëó÷àå ðàâíîìåðíîãî äâóõîñíîãî ðàñòÿæå- íèÿ íèæå, ÷åì ïðè 20 è 285 Ñ. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ïðè òàêîì óðîâíå òåìïåðàòóðû è óêàçàííûõ óñëîâèÿõ íàãðóæåíèÿ ìåòàëë äî íà÷àëà ðàçðóøåíèÿ óñïåâàåò íàêîïèòü áîëüøå ïîâðåæäåíèé, ÷åì ïðè äðóãèõ ðåàëèçîâàííûõ óðîâíÿõ òåìïåðàòóðû. Ïî- âèäèìîìó, ýòî îáóñëîâëåíî ïðîöåññîì ïîëçó÷åñòè ìåòàëëà ïðè 320 Ñ ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ òàêîâûì ïðè 285 Ñ. Àíàëèç ïîëó÷åííûõ ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ äàííûõ ïî âëèÿíèþ òåìïåðàòóðû íà ïîâðåæäàåìîñòü ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî ïðè åå ïîâûøåíèè äî 285 è 320 Ñ ïîâðåæäàåìîñòü óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ íà 15 íà 30% ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Óñòàíîâëåííûé õàðàêòåð âëèÿíèÿ òåìïåðàòóðû íà ïîâðåæäàåìîñòü ñòàëè 10ÃÍ2ÌÔÀ äîñòàòî÷íî õîðîøî ñîãëàñóåòñÿ ñ ðåçóëüòàòàìè èññëåäîâàíèé, ïðåäñòàâ- ëåííûìè â [9] â âèäå äèàãðàììû ïðåäåëüíûõ ïîâðåæäåíèé ìåòàëëà â êîîðäèíàòàõ T d( ) lg , � �C ñð ãäå d d d dñð öèêë öèêë ñò � � � � � �( ) – óñðåäíåííîå îòíîñèòåëüíîå ïîâðåæ- äåíèå. Ïîëó÷åííûå ïðåäåëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ mîòí äëÿ èññëåäîâàííîé ñòàëè â óñëîâèÿõ ýêñïëóàòàöèîííûõ òåìïåðàòóð ìîãóò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ â êà÷åñòâå ïàðàìåòðîâ êîíòðîëÿ ñîñòîÿíèÿ ìåòàëëà â ïðîöåññå ýêñïëóàòàöèè. Çàêëþ÷åíèå. Äëÿ âñåõ ðåàëèçîâàííûõ ñîîòíîøåíèé ãëàâíûõ íàïðÿæåíèé èíòåí- ñèâíîñòü íàêîïëåíèÿ ïîâðåæäåíèé ïðè öèêëè÷åñêîì íàãðóæåíèè óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ ñ ïîâûøåíèåì òåìïåðàòóðû â äèàïàçîíå 20...320 Ñ. Ð å ç þ ì å Ïðîàíàë³çîâàíî âïëèâ òåìïåðàòóðè íà ê³íåòèêó ïîøêîäæóâàíîñò³ ïîïåðåäíüî äåôîð- ìîâàíî¿ ñòàë³ 10ÃÍ2ÌÔÀ â óìîâàõ îäíî- ³ äâîâ³ñíîãî ðîçòÿãó. Ðèñ. 4. Âëèÿíèå òåìïåðàòóðû íà ïîâðåæäàåìîñòü ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî äåôîðìèðîâàííîé ñòàëè 10ÃÍ2ÌÔÀ â óñëîâèÿõ öèêëè÷åñêîãî íàãðóæåíèÿ ïðè ñëîæíîì íàïðÿæåííîì ñîñòîÿíèè è ðàçëè÷íîé òåìïåðàòóðå: 1 – Ò � 20 Ñ; 2 – Ò � 285 Ñ; 3 – Ò � 320 Ñ. 152 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2016, ¹ 5 Ô. Ô. Ãèãèíÿê, Ï. À. Áóëàõ 1. Áåðíøòåéí Ì. Ë., Çàéìîâñêèé Â. À. Ìåõàíè÷åñêèå ñâîéñòâà ìåòàëëîâ. – Ì.: Ìåòàëëóðãèÿ, 1979. – 495 ñ. 2. Õàð÷åíêî Â. Â., Ñòåïàíîâ Ã. Â., Ãèãèíÿê Ô. Ô. Âëèÿíèå íàïðÿæåííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ íà äîëãîâå÷íîñòü ìåòàëëà ïàðîãåíåðàòîðîâ ÏÃÂ-1000 // Íîâèíè åíåðãåòèêè. – 2001. – ¹ 3. – Ñ. 79–82. 3. óã³íÿê Ô. Ô., Ëåáåäºâ À. Î., Øêîäç³íñüêèé Î. Ê. ̳öí³ñòü êîíñòðóêö³éíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â ïðè ìàëîöèêëîâîìó íàâàíòàæåíí³ çà óìîâ ñêëàäíîãî íàïðóæåíîãî ñòàíó. – Êè¿â: Íàóê. äóìêà, 2003. – 270 ñ. 4. Ïàò. 25197À Óêðà¿íà, ÌÊÈ 7, G 01 N 3/00, G 01, N 3/40. Ñïîñ³á îö³íêè äåãðàäàö³¿ ìàòåð³àëó âíàñë³äîê íàêîïè÷åííÿ ïîøêîäæåíü â ïðîöåñ³ íàïðàöþ- âàííÿ. “LM-ìåòîä òâåðäîñò³” / À. Î. Ëåáåäºâ, Ì. Ð. Ìóçèêà, Í. Ë. Âîë÷åê. – ×èííèé â³ä 15.01.2003. 5. Ïàò. Óêðà¿íà 42162, ÌÏÊ, G 01 N 3/00, G 01, N 3/40. Ïðèñòð³é äëÿ âè- ïðîáóâàííÿ ìàòåð³àëó íà òâåðä³ñòü / À. Î. Ëåáåäºâ, Ì. Ð. Ìóçèêà, Â. Ï. Øâåöü. – ×èííèé â³ä 25.06.2009. 6. Ãèãèíÿê Ô. Ô., Áóëàõ Ï. À., Ìîæàðîâñêàÿ Ò. Í., Ìîæàðîâñêèé Â. Í. Èññëå- äîâàíèå çàêîíîìåðíîñòåé äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ òåïëîóñòîé÷èâûõ ñòàëåé â óñëîâèÿõ ïîëçó÷åñòè ïðè ñëîæíîì íàïðÿæåííîì ñîñòîÿíèè // Ïðîáë. ïðî÷íîñòè. – 2010. – ¹ 4. – Ñ. 62–70. 7. Ðóñèíêî Ñ. Í. Òåîðèÿ ïëàñòè÷íîñòè è íåóñòàíîâèâøåéñÿ ïîëçó÷åñòè. – Ëüâîâ: Âèùà øê., 1981. – 148 ñ. 8. Ãèãèíÿê Ô. Ô., Áóëàõ Ï. À. Âëèÿíèå ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîãî äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ïðîöåññîâ öèêëè÷åñêîé ïîëçó÷åñòè è ïîâðåæäàåìîñòü ñòàëè 10ÃÍ2ÌÔÀ â óñëîâèÿõ ïëîñêîãî íàïðÿæåííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ // Ïðîáë. ïðî÷íîñòè. – 2015. – ¹ 3. – Ñ. 84–90. 9. Ìàõóòîâ Í. À., Ãàäåíèí Ì. Ì., Ãîõôåëüä Ä. À è äð. Óðàâíåíèÿ ñîñòîÿíèÿ ïðè ìàëîöèêëîâîì íàãðóæåíèè. – Ì.: Íàóêà, 1981. – 245 ñ. Ïîñòóïèëà 18. 05. 2016 ISSN 0556-171X. 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<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> /UKR <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> /ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing. Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.) >> /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ << /AsReaderSpreads false /CropImagesToFrames true /ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue /FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false /IncludeGuidesGrids false /IncludeNonPrinting false /IncludeSlug false /Namespace [ (Adobe) (InDesign) (4.0) ] /OmitPlacedBitmaps false /OmitPlacedEPS false /OmitPlacedPDF false /SimulateOverprint /Legacy >> << /AddBleedMarks false /AddColorBars false /AddCropMarks false /AddPageInfo false /AddRegMarks false /ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK /DestinationProfileName () /DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /Downsample16BitImages true /FlattenerPreset << /PresetSelector /MediumResolution >> /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ] >> setdistillerparams << /HWResolution [2400 2400] /PageSize [612.000 792.000] >> setpagedevice

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