Does Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur (Ranunculaceae) occur in the Ukrainian Carpathians?
На підставі аналізу протологу і лектотипу Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur, а також перегляду гербар ного матеріалу, який представляє рід Aquilegia L. в Українських Карпатах, встановлено, що цей вид не трапляється у вказаному регіоні. Відомості про наявність A. transsilvanica у Чивчинських горах, на...
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irk-123456789-1748132021-01-30T01:27:14Z Does Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur (Ranunculaceae) occur in the Ukrainian Carpathians? Kobiv, Y. Судинні рослини: систематика, географія, флора На підставі аналізу протологу і лектотипу Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur, а також перегляду гербар ного матеріалу, який представляє рід Aquilegia L. в Українських Карпатах, встановлено, що цей вид не трапляється у вказаному регіоні. Відомості про наявність A. transsilvanica у Чивчинських горах, на Свидовці та в Ґорґанах, подані в деяких українських і російських публікаціях, є хибними і ґрунтуються на неадекватному трактуванні характерних ознак виду. На основании анализа протолога и лектотипа Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur, а также просмотра гербарного материала, представляющего род Aquilegia L. в Украинских Карпатах, установлено, что этот вид не встречается в указанном регионе. Сведения о наличии A. transsilvanica в Чивчинских горах, на Свидовце и в Горганах, приведенные в некоторых украинских и российских публикациях, являются ошибочными и базируются на неадекватной трактовке характерных признаков вида. 2012 Article Does Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur (Ranunculaceae) occur in the Ukrainian Carpathians? / Y. Kobiv // Український ботанічний журнал. — 2012. — Т. 69, № 4. — C. 493-501. — Бібліогр.: 45 назв. — англ. 0372-4123 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/174813 en Український ботанічний журнал Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України |
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Судинні рослини: систематика, географія, флора Судинні рослини: систематика, географія, флора |
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Судинні рослини: систематика, географія, флора Судинні рослини: систематика, географія, флора Kobiv, Y. Does Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur (Ranunculaceae) occur in the Ukrainian Carpathians? Український ботанічний журнал |
| description |
На підставі аналізу протологу і лектотипу Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur, а також перегляду гербар ного матеріалу, який представляє рід Aquilegia L. в Українських Карпатах, встановлено, що
цей вид не трапляється у вказаному регіоні. Відомості про наявність A. transsilvanica у Чивчинських горах, на Свидовці та в Ґорґанах, подані в деяких українських і російських публікаціях, є хибними і ґрунтуються на неадекватному трактуванні характерних ознак виду. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Kobiv, Y. |
| author_facet |
Kobiv, Y. |
| author_sort |
Kobiv, Y. |
| title |
Does Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur (Ranunculaceae) occur in the Ukrainian Carpathians? |
| title_short |
Does Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur (Ranunculaceae) occur in the Ukrainian Carpathians? |
| title_full |
Does Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur (Ranunculaceae) occur in the Ukrainian Carpathians? |
| title_fullStr |
Does Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur (Ranunculaceae) occur in the Ukrainian Carpathians? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Does Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur (Ranunculaceae) occur in the Ukrainian Carpathians? |
| title_sort |
does aquilegia transsilvanica schur (ranunculaceae) occur in the ukrainian carpathians? |
| publisher |
Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| topic_facet |
Судинні рослини: систематика, географія, флора |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/174813 |
| citation_txt |
Does Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur (Ranunculaceae) occur in the Ukrainian Carpathians? / Y. Kobiv // Український ботанічний журнал. — 2012. — Т. 69, № 4. — C. 493-501. — Бібліогр.: 45 назв. — англ. |
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Український ботанічний журнал |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT kobivy doesaquilegiatranssilvanicaschurranunculaceaeoccurintheukrainiancarpathians |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-15T11:58:18Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-15T11:58:18Z |
| _version_ |
1837714059045109760 |
| fulltext |
493ISSN 0372-4123. Укр. ботан. журн., 2012, т. 69, № 4
Y. KOBIV
Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians,
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Kozelnytska St. 4, Lviv, 79026, Ukraine
ykobiv@gmail.com
DOES AQUILEGIA TRANSSILVANICA SCHUR
(RANUNCULACEAE) OCCUR IN THE
UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS?
K e y wo r d s: Aquilegia transsilvanica, Carpathians, endemic species,
distribution, range
© Y. KOBIV, 2012
Abstract. Analysis of the protologue of Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur,
examination of its lectotype and the herbarium material that represents
the genus Aquilegia L. in the Ukrainian Carpathians showed that the
species does not occur in the region. Information in some Ukrainian
and Russian publications about the occurrence of A. transsilvanica in
the Chyvchyny and Svydovets Mts. is erroneous and based on inade-
quate treatment of the species characters.
Introduction
Ukrainian and Russian floristic literature of the last decades mentions three species be-
longing to the genus Aqulegia L. that supposedly occur in the Ukrainian Carpathians,
namely A. vulgaris L., A. nigricans Baumg., and A transsilvanica Schur [3–7, 12, 13, 16].
The first of these species has a vast Eurasian range, which includes the major part
of Europe, except some northern and eastern areas of the continent, and covers much
of the territory of Ukraine [2–7, 11, 25, 30, 33, 42].
Aquilegia nigricans (= A. longisepala Zimmeter = A. haenkeana Koch = A. stern-
bergii Rchb.) is a montane taxon with the East-Alpine–Carpathian–Balkan pattern of
distribution [21, 23, 25, 28, 38, 44]. Among the countries of the Carpathian region, in
addition to Ukraine, it is known also from Romania and the Slovak Republic [24, 29,
34], though its occurrence in the latter country has been doubted [27]. It belongs to
the A. vulgaris group and is so closely related to the last species that many authors [21,
23, 29, 31, 34] consider it merely a subspecies, A. vulgaris subsp. nigricans (Baumg.)
Jáv. That treatment will also be used further in this article.
Localities of the abovementioned taxa from the A. vulgaris group in the territory
of the Ukrainian Carpathians lie within the main parts of their ranges and their occur-
rence is quite expectable there. However, the situation with Aqulegia transsilvanica
looks different (Fig. 1) because the distribution of that species (except its supposed
Ukrainian localities) is confined merely to Central Romania over 200 km to the south
of the Ukrainian Carpathians [21, 23, 24, 34]. Such an extraordinary distribution pat-
tern is theoretically possible but hardly explainable. It is also remarkable that the first
mentions of the species in the Ukrainian part of the Carpathians appeared only in the
second half of the 20th century, i.e. during the Soviet period, while the previous au-
494 ISSN 0372-4123. Ukr. Botan. Journ., 2012, vol. 69, № 4
thors, even those who studied the Carpathian flora most thoroughly and analyzed the
distribution of narrow-ranged species [36, 43, 45], never reported A. transsilvanica to
that region of the Carpathians. These facts show the need for a more profound inves-
tigation into that issue in order to clarify the status of the species in Ukraine.
The goal of this article is to analyze the descriptions of A. transsilvanica, stated in
the species’ protologue made by F. Schur [39] and in the later publication of that author
[40], as well as to reveal the characters of its lectotype, which comes from Mt. Arpash,
the Fagarash Range in Romania, in order to compare it with the plants from the
Ukrainian Carpathians and find out whether the species really occurs in the region.
Materials and Methods
The lectotype of Aquilegia transsilvanica was examined. It is deposited in F. Schur’s
personal collection at the Herbarium of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv,
Ukraine. Other specimens of that species, gathered by F. Schur who was the first to
des cribe A. transsilvanica, were also checked, as well as several sheets representing it,
which came from Romania and are kept at the Herbarium of Yuri Fed’kovych National
University of Chernivtsi, Ukraine. Some of them were issued by E.I. Nyárády in the
1930s within the Flora Romaniae Exsiccata that was also distributed among the main
European herbaria.
Protologues of A. transsilvanica [39] and A. vulgaris subsp. nigricans (= A. nigri-
cans) [22], as well as descriptions of the representatives of the genus Aquilegia occur-
ring in the Carpathians made by F. Schur [40], L. Simonkai [41], S. Jávorka [31], O.D. Vi-
syulina [6, 7], E.I. Nyárády [34], M. Skali ska [42], R. Soó & É. Endrödy-Kovács [44],
Fig. 1. Distribution of Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur.: 1 – territory of the Carpathians, 2 – species
range, 3 – erroneously reported localities from the Ukrainian Carpathians
495ISSN 0372-4123. Укр. ботан. журн., 2012, т. 69, № 4
H. Riedl [38], J. Futák [29], V.I. Chopyk et al. [5], A. Beldie [24], S.S. Morozyuk [16],
J. Cullen et al. [25], M.I. Vasilyeva [3, 4], and M.A. Fischer et al. [28] were analyzed.
The specimens belonging to that genus collected in the Ukrainian Carpathians
were studied in the herbaria of Ukraine and Poland at the following institutions:
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (LW); State Natural History Museum, Lviv
(LWS); M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine, Kyiv (KW); Yuri Fed’kovych National University of Chernivtsi (CHER);
National University of Uzhgorod (UU); Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians, Lviv
(LWKS); W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow (KRAM);
and Jagellonian University of Krakow (KRA).
Individuals of Aqulegia were also examined on site in the Chyvchyny, the Svydovets
and the Gorgany Mts., from where Aquilegia transsilvanica was reported [1, 12–15, 18–
20]. Herbarium samples collected there were deposited at the herbaria of M.G. Kho-
lodny Institute of Botany (KW) and the State Natural History Museum, Lviv.
Results
Thorough examination of the protologue [39] and the lectotype of A. transsilvanica
enabled to reveal the authentic understanding of the species’ characters. In general, it
corresponds with later descriptions made by the authors who studied the plants from
Romania [24, 31, 32, 34, 40–42], but somewhat differs from those used in some
Ukrainian and Russian publications [3–7].
Aquilegia transsilvanica is a high-mountain herbaceous perennial. Its height rang-
es typically within 15–25 cm and rarely exceeds that value [42]. Basal leaves biternate,
glabrous or subglabrous adaxially and scarcely pubescent abaxially, with petioles 4–12
cm long. Stem leaves ternate or trifid, small, upper ones bract-like. Flowering stem
poorly foliated, grooved, tinged with dark-violet, mostly glabrous, but glandular-pu-
bescent in its uppermost part. Flowers usually solitary (rarely 2), blue or blue-violet.
Sepals 27–36 × 12–17 mm, oblong-ovate to elliptic, with apex obtuse to rounded or
slightly retuse; and base abruptly narrowed into a well-developed claw (unquiculus).
Petals 25–34 mm long (together with spur). Spur thick, saccate, hooked, shorter then
petal blade in proportion ca. 2/3. Stamens shorter than or equal to petals. Carpels
(5–)8(–10). Follicles 18–24 mm long, scarcely and shortly pubescent, laterally ner-
ved, with short persistent styles (rostellae). Seeds black, opaque. Calcicole, confined
mostly to steep slopes.
Interspecific differentiation in the genus Aquilegia is based mostly on the shape,
size and color of perianth segments [11, 30, 37]. The perianth is pentamerous, consist-
ing of the outer whorl of segments – petaliod sepals, and the inner part – petals (hon-
ey-leaves), which have a blade and a nectary spur.
All the authors [2–4, 10, 40, 42] are unanimous that A. transsilvanica is taxono-
mi cally most closely related to A. glandulosa Fisch. ex Link – an Asian high-mountain
species known from Siberia, Central Asia, Mongolia, and China [2–3, 17, 27]. Both
species belong to the A. glandulosa group, which some authors considered a separate
infrageneric taxon and gave it various ranks, depending on the taxonomic approach
496 ISSN 0372-4123. Ukr. Botan. Journ., 2012, vol. 69, № 4
[2–3]. Aquilegia transsilvanica differs from A. glandulosa in (1) smaller size, (2) lower
number of flowers, (3) longer petals, which together with spurs are about as long as se-
pals, (4) lower ratio of the petal blade to spur length, and (5) smaller flowers [3, 41, 42].
Other Carpathian representatives of Aquilegia belong to the A. vulgaris group, which
is taxonomically more distant from the A. glandulosa group. Aquilegia transsilvanica differs
from members of the A. vulgaris group in a number of characters (Table), namely: (1) spur
thick, saccate and shorter then petal blade, (2) sepal apex obtuse or rounded, (3) sepal base
abruptly narrowed in a claw, (4) stamens never exceed petals, (5) follicles with short persist-
ent styles, (6) stem mostly uniflorous. Not all of these characters were adequately depicted
in modern Ukrainian and Russian publications containing identification keys on the ge-
nus Aquilegia [3–5, 16]. The mentioned keys were focused mainly on the characters of the
petals, but almost neglected the sepals. However, the protologue of Aquilegia transsilvanica
paid attention to the shape of sepals and clearly stated that they are obtuse [39]. (This dis-
tinguishing character is well noticeable both in live and herbarized plants and does not
need preparation of flowers during identification). The later descriptions made by F. Schur
[40], L. Simonkai [41], E.I. Nyáryády [34] and M. Skali ska [42] provided some addi-
tional characters concerning the petal apex, number of flowers, length of persistent styles
in follicles, and surface of seeds, which are mentioned above.
Examination of the vast spectrum of specimens of Aquilegia from the Ukrainian
Carpathians showed that all of them in fact belong to the A. vulgaris s. l. and state-
ments about the occurrence of A. transsilvanica in that region are not confirmed by
any herbarium material. Fig. 2 illustrates the differences in characters of sepals, petals
and follicles between A. transsilvanica and plants from the Ukrainian Carpathians that
occur in the Chyvchyny, the Svydovets and the Gorgany Mts. where the species was
Morphological characters of Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur vs. the Aquilegia vulgaris L. group (in-
cluding A. vulgaris L. subsp. nigricans (Baumg.) Jáv.)
Character Aquilegia transsilvanica Aquilegia vulgaris group
Height, cm (10–)15–25(–30) (15–)20–40(–70)
Proportion between spur and
petal blade
Spur shorter then petal blade Spur longer then petal blade
Shape of spur Thick, saccate, hooked Thin, hooked
Shape of sepal apex Obtuse, rounded or slightly
retuse
Acute, subacute or acuminate
Shape of sepal claw Abruptly narrowed Smoothly tapered
Length of stamens Shorter or almost equal to
petals
Equal or longer then petals
Number of carpels (5–)8(–10) (3–)5–8
Length of persistent styles in
follicles
Short (3–3.5 mm) Long (over 5 mm)
Number of flowers Mostly 1, rarely 2 Mostly 2, rarely 1
497ISSN 0372-4123. Укр. ботан. журн., 2012, т. 69, № 4
erroneously reported [1, 12–15, 18–20]. The plants from these and some other Uk-
rainian mountainous localities can be classified as A. vulgaris subsp. nigricans, while
those from lower elevations – as A. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris. It should be admitted that the
differences between these taxa are fairly elusive and, according to new publications, the
presence of glandular pubescence on stem cannot be used as a reliable diagnostic tool
[25, 28]. As hybridization is quite common within the A. vulgaris group [37], the infra-
specific classification of plants from some localities is rather problematic.
According to F. Schur [39, 40] and other authors who observed A. transsilvanica
in its Romanian habitats [34, 41], as well as to herbarium notes, the species is a mark-
edly high-mountain plant confined to the elevations of ca. 1900–2200 m above sea
level (a.s.l.). However, all the localities of Aquilegia in the Chernivtsi Region of Ukraine
are located at much lower altitudes, below 1500 m a.s.l. This especially concerns the
pass of Dzhogul that lies only about 1150 m a.s.l. but was reported by V.I. Chopyk
[18–20] as a supposed location of A. transsilvanica.
There are also indications that in Romania A. transsilvanica often occurs in semi-
shadowed rocky sites in the neighborhood of Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. or in rather
moist habitats near the streams and waterfalls [39, 40], i.e. it is hygromesophytic,
which is in common with the related Asian species A. glandulosa [2–3, 17, 26]. In
contrast, all the localities of Aquilegia in the Ukrainian Carpathians are markedly mes-
ophytic or even xero-mesophytic.
This shows that the statements about the occurrence of A. transsilvanica in
Ukraine are most probably erroneous (at least, not confirmed by any solid evidence),
Fig. 2. Sepals (A), petals (B) and follicles (C) of Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur from the Fagarash
Mts. (1) in Romania; and Aquilegia vulgaris subsp. nigricans (Baumg.) Jav. From Mt. Chornyi Dil,
the Chyvchyny Mts. (2) and Mt. Gereshaska, the Svydovets Mts. (3) in the Ukrainian Carpathians
A
B
C
1 2 3
5 cm
4
3
2
1
498 ISSN 0372-4123. Ukr. Botan. Journ., 2012, vol. 69, № 4
and it was interesting to trace back their appearance. The first report of occurrence of
A. transsilvanica in the Ukrainian Carpathians was made by O.D. Visyulina in the
Identification Маnuаl… [6] and in the Flora of the Ukrainian SSR [7] in the early 1950s.
The author mentioned the first edition of the «Polish Flora», which erroneously re-
ports that the species is known from Bukovyna [35, p. 16]. Apparently, O.D. Visyulina
inferred that this concerns the Bukovyna Carpathians in the Chernivtsi Region of
Ukraine. However, until then no valid data existed on the species’ occurrence either in
the northern (Ukrainian) or southern (Romanian) parts of Bukovyna. Such errors
happened in early volumes of the Flora of the Ukrainian SSR published soon after the
reunification of Ukraine when local botanists lacked valid chorological data concern-
ing the western part of the Republic. For example, this refers to Eritrichium nanum (L.)
Schraeder ex Gaudin and Gentiana frigida Haenke, which were also erroneously re-
ported from the Ukrainian Carpathians in the Flora of the Ukrainian SSR [8, 9].
Most probably, later the information about A. transsilvanica in Ukrainian Bu-
kovyna was taken for granted by V.I. Chopyk, who reported it from the pass of Dzhogul
and Mt. Chornyi Dil [18–20]. These are the only localities in the Chernivtsi Region
where representatives of the genus Aquilegia occur over 1000 m a.s.l. However, none of
the herbarium specimens from these localities, including those gathered by V.I. Chopyk,
belongs to A. transsilvanica. Though the figure of that species in the Identification
Маnuаl оn Plants of the Ukrainian Carpathians edited by V.I. Chopyk [5, р. 109] shows
its characters correctly, it is merely a copy from the Flora of Romania [34] and does not
depict any actual Ukrainian material. Similarly, illustration of the species in another
V.I. Chopyk’s publication [18, p. 40] comes from Iconographia florae… prepared by
S. Jávorka and V. Csapody [32].
Some misinterpretations concerning A. transsilvanica come from the recent pub-
lications by I.V. Vasilyeva [3, 4]. They demonstrate a misleading understanding of the
species’ characters that is obviously shown in the figure, which supposedly should de-
pict it [4, p. 185]. Thus, the flower on that picture has evidently acute sepals that are
much longer then petals, which contradicts the protologue. Similarly short petals (to-
gether with the spur) are shown for «Aquilegia nigricans», which is also incorrect, be-
cause that proportion is not peculiar to that taxon as well. Because of such shortcom-
ings, I.V. Vasilyeva’s publications cannot be used to analyze the taxonomic position of
representatives of the genus Aquilegia in Ukraine.
Conclusion
The information about occurrence of Aquilegia transsilvanica in the Ukrainian Car pa-
thi ans is misleading. In fact, based on current knowledge, the species should be con-
sidered as being endemic to Romania [21, 23, 34]. The main part of its range lies in the
Southern Carpathians, namely in the Paring, Fagarash (where it is most abundant),
Iezer, and Buchegi Mts. The species also occurs in the Buzau Mts. situated on the
souther nmost edge of the Eastern Carpathians [21, 24, 34, 39–41] (Fig 1). It has a
very restricted range, which covers a stripe only about 210 km long. This range is con-
tinuous, undispersed and does not exhibit any significant disjunctions. It has never
499ISSN 0372-4123. Укр. ботан. журн., 2012, т. 69, № 4
been reported from any other mountainous regions of Romania, where the conditions
are suitable for the species. Therefore, occurrence of A. transsilvanica in some remote
localities scattered in the other parts of the Carpathians is hardly possible.
Acknowledgements. The author is grateful to Dr. Sc. Illya Chorney (Yuri Fed’kovych
National University of Chernivtsi) who inspired this study by expressing doubts about
the status of A. transsilvanica in the Ukrainian Carpathians in personal communica-
tion and supplied numerous herbarium samples of Aquilegia from the territory of
Bukovyna and Romania.
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Recommended for publication by Submitted 09.04.2008
S.L. Mosyakin
501ISSN 0372-4123. Укр. ботан. журн., 2012, т. 69, № 4
Ю. Кобів
Інститут екології Карпат НАН України, м. Львів
ІНСТИТУТ ЕКОЛОГІЇ КАРПАТ НАН УКРАЇНИ, м. ЛЬВІВ
ЧИ ТРАПЛЯЄТЬСЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКИХ КАРПАТАХ
AQUILEGIA TRANSSILVANICA SCHUR (RANUNCULACEAE)?
На підставі аналізу протологу і лектотипу Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur, а також перегляду гер-
бар ного матеріалу, який представляє рід Aquilegia L. в Українських Карпатах, встановлено, що
цей вид не трапляється у вказаному регіоні. Відомості про наявність A. transsilvanica у Чив-
чинських горах, на Свидовці та в Ґорґанах, подані в деяких українських і російських пуб лі ка-
ціях, є хибними і ґрунтуються на неадекватному трактуванні характерних ознак виду.
К л ю ч о в і с л о в а: Aquilegia transsilvanica, Карпати, ендемічний вид, поширення, ареал.
Ю. Кобив
Институт экологии Карпат НАН Украины, г. Львов
ВСТРЕЧАЕТСЯ ЛИ В УКРАИНСКИХ КАРПАТАХ AQUILEGIA TRANSSILVANICA
SCHUR (RANUNCULACEAE)?
На основании анализа протолога и лектотипа Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur, а также просмотра
гербарного материала, представляющего род Aquilegia L. в Украинских Карпатах, установле-
но, что этот вид не встречается в указанном регионе. Сведения о наличии A. transsilvanica в
Чивчинских горах, на Свидовце и в Горганах, приведенные в некоторых украинских и россий-
ских публикациях, являются ошибочными и базируются на неадекватной трактовке харак-
терных признаков вида.
К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а: Aquilegia transsilvanica, Карпаты, ендемический вид, распространение,
ареал.
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