A new record of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Santalaceae s. l.) on Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) in Crimea
The location of massive Arceuthobium oxycedri invasion on (Platycladus orientalis) within the Sevastopol city boundaries is reported.
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Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України
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| Цитувати: | A new record of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Santalaceae s. l.) on Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) in Crimea / Yu.A. Krasylenko // Український ботанічний журнал. — 2014. — Т. 71, № 5. — С. 599-602. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-1754412021-02-02T01:28:26Z A new record of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Santalaceae s. l.) on Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) in Crimea Krasylenko, Yu.A. Флористичні знахідки The location of massive Arceuthobium oxycedri invasion on (Platycladus orientalis) within the Sevastopol city boundaries is reported. У повідомленні міститься інформація про виявлення на території м. Севастополя випадку масового ураження арцеутобієм ялівцевим (Arceuthobium oxycedri) насаджень біоти східної (Platycladus orientalis). Сообщается о выявлении на территории г. Севастополя случая массивного поражения можжевелоядником (Arceuthobium oxycedri) насаждений плосковеточника восточного (Platycladus orientalis). 2014 Article A new record of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Santalaceae s. l.) on Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) in Crimea / Yu.A. Krasylenko // Український ботанічний журнал. — 2014. — Т. 71, № 5. — С. 599-602. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. 0372-4123 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/175441 en Український ботанічний журнал Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України |
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English |
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Флористичні знахідки Флористичні знахідки |
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Флористичні знахідки Флористичні знахідки Krasylenko, Yu.A. A new record of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Santalaceae s. l.) on Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) in Crimea Український ботанічний журнал |
| description |
The location of massive Arceuthobium oxycedri invasion on
(Platycladus orientalis) within the Sevastopol city boundaries is
reported. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Krasylenko, Yu.A. |
| author_facet |
Krasylenko, Yu.A. |
| author_sort |
Krasylenko, Yu.A. |
| title |
A new record of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Santalaceae s. l.) on Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) in Crimea |
| title_short |
A new record of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Santalaceae s. l.) on Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) in Crimea |
| title_full |
A new record of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Santalaceae s. l.) on Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) in Crimea |
| title_fullStr |
A new record of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Santalaceae s. l.) on Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) in Crimea |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A new record of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Santalaceae s. l.) on Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) in Crimea |
| title_sort |
new record of arceuthobium oxycedri (santalaceae s. l.) on platycladus orientalis (cupressaceae) in crimea |
| publisher |
Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| topic_facet |
Флористичні знахідки |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/175441 |
| citation_txt |
A new record of Arceuthobium oxycedri (Santalaceae s. l.) on Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) in Crimea / Yu.A. Krasylenko // Український ботанічний журнал. — 2014. — Т. 71, № 5. — С. 599-602. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. |
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Український ботанічний журнал |
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| fulltext |
599ISSN 0372-4123. Укр. ботан. журн., 2014, т. 71, № 5
YU.A. KRASYLENKO
Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Osipovskogo St., 2a, Kyiv, 04123, Ukraine
j_krasylenko@ukr.net
A NEW RECORD OF ARCEUTHOBIUM OXYCEDRI (SANTALACEAE s. l.) ON PLATYCLADUS
ORIENTALIS (CUPRESSACEAE) IN CRIMEA
K e y w o r d s : Arceuthobium oxycedri, Platycladus orientalis, Crimea, Sevastopol
© YU.A. KRASYLENKO, 2014
Abstract
The location of massive Arceuthobium oxycedri invasion on
(Platycladus orientalis) within the Sevastopol city boundaries is
reported.
The range of the dioecious evergreen hemiparasitic
perennial juniper dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium oxycedri
(DC.) M. Bieb. (= Razoumofskya oxycedri (DC.)
F.W. Sсhultz ex Nyman) extends from west to east to
more than 10 000 km — from Spain and Morocco to
Tibet and Western China (Ciesla et al., 2004), being
restricted mainly within the boundaries of the An-
cient Mediterranean floristic province of the Holarctis
as delimited by A. Takhtajan (1978). Whithin its vast
geo rgaphic range, A. oxycedri parasitize various repre-
sentatives of the family Cupressaceae S.F. Gray, mainly
species of Juniperus L. In the European Mediterranean
region, Anatolia, and Middle East the species affects
two related junipers: sharp cedar, or cade (Juniperus
oxycedrus L.), and Eastern prickly juniper (J. deltoides
R.P. Adams) (Ciesla et al., 2004). The last one, accor-
ding to the current taxonomic concepts (Adams, 2004;
Adams et al., 2005; Yena, 2012), occurs in the moun-
tan part of the Crimean Peninsula, reaching elevations
of 700—800 m above sea level (a.s. l.). J. deltoides, a
typical element of shyblyak-like plant communities,
usualy comprises underwood of broadleaf and conifer
forests, and in some sites forms light sparse forests in
all natural areas of the Crimean Mountains, excuding
non-forested uplands (so-called yaylas); however, the
distribution of its hemiparasite A. oxycedri seems to be
rather irreguar. The juniper dwarf mistletoe infection
of various juniper populations varies in a broad range:
from its complete absence in the isolated populations
of the Main Ridge (Glavnaya Gryada) to 90.6 % of the
infestation rate in some localities of the Crimean South
Coast (Ruguzova, 2002). According to our observa-
tions in 2012—2013, the most invaded populations of
J. deltoides are those in the South Cost (specifically be-
tween Simeiz and Goluboy Zaliv settlements, Yalta City
Council), as well as in adjacent coastal plots of the Main
Ridge of the Crimean Mountains (vicinity of Balaklava)
and the South-Western Crimean Foothills (Fig. 1, а, b).
Aside from its main host, A. oxycedri also
occasionally occurs on other native Juniperus species,
on Greek juniper (J. excelsa M. Bieb.) inter alia
(Isikov, 1986; Lazarev, Grygorov, 1989), and on some
exotic representatives of Cupressaceae cultivated in
the peninsula (Isikov, Zakharenko, 1988). Among the
Флористичні знахідки
УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ
БОТАНІЧНИЙ
ЖУРНАЛ
600 ISSN 0372-4123. Ukr. Bot. J., 2014, 71(5)
18 species and ornamental forms of Cupressaceae in-
vaded by juniper dwarf mistletoe in Crimea, these au-
thors mention Oriental thuja (Platycladus orientalis (L.)
Franco) that naturally occurs mainly beyond the native
range of A. oxycedri, in Nothern China (including Inner
Mongolia), Korean Peninsula, Russian Far East, and
some Central Asian republics (Farjon, 2013).
In the course of surveying the area of the Fraternal
(Bratskoe) Cemetary at the North Side of Sevastopol
(44о38`10.61``N, 33о33`30.17`E), on March 8, 2014 an
interesting case of massive invasion of A. oxycedri on
old-growing stands of P. orientalis was revealed. The lo-
cality is the slightly slopping (5—10º incidence angle of
different areas) southern slope of the hill (up to 60 m
a.s. l.) facing Sevastopol Bay. The native flora of the lo-
cality, rather well preserved in considerably large areas,
is represented by Sub-Mediterranean woodland formed
by Pistacia mutica Fisch. et C.A. Mey. and J. deltoides,
with shrubby underwood with Jasminum fruticans L.
and Ligustrum vulgare L.; old trees of J. excelsa solely
occur as well. We have investigated the top of the hill
and the adjacent areas of 7.13 ha on March 8 and 14,
2014. Hundreds of P. orientalis trees grew in the Fra-
ternal Cemetary area, and old individuals attain 5—7
m in height and 0.45—0.55 m of trunk diameter. It has
to be noted that Oriental tsuga occurs here as a natu-
ralized alien species actively invading the native plant
community, since the multiple young trees of 0.7—1.5
m in height not affacted by A. oxycedri vegetate under
the woodland canopy. At the same time, almost 100 %
of mature specimens of P. orientalis growing in the Fra-
ternal Cemetary area, from the base to the top of the
hill, bear A. oxycedri. Generally, A. oxycedri localizes
at the upper 2/3 of the host crown of P. orientalis, and
the infestation rate runs to 5—9 points (of 12 maximum
possible) in accordance with the Hawksworth (1977)
six-class dwarf mistletoe rating system modified by
D. Gajšek et al. (2013) (Fig. 2, a).
Fig. 2. Arceuthobium
oxycedri on Platycladus
orientalis (Sevastopol,
Fraternal Cemetary):
а — massive infestation
on an old specimen; b —
close up: harp-shaped
incurvation and terminal
thinning of the host plant
branch
Fig.1. Arceuthobium
oxycedri on Juniperus
deltoides in the South-
Western Crimean
Foothills: a —
Sevastopol, Fraternal
(Bratskoe) Cemetary;
b — Mount Zybuk-
Tepe between Ternovka
and Rodnoye villages,
Balaklava District of
Sevastopol
601ISSN 0372-4123. Укр. ботан. журн., 2014, т. 71, № 5
Separate A. oxycedri specimens could exceed 25—
30 cm in diameter. Our data suggest that the observed
case of such a massive invasion of P. orientalis by juni-
per dwarf mistletoe is unique for Crimea. In the Nikita
(Nikitsky) Botanical Garden (Yalta City Council) and
Novyi Svet settlement (Sudak City Council) A. oxyce-
dri was found on single P. orientalis specimens; 40 % of
Oriental tsuga trees in the Foros Park were invaded by
the hemiparasite, but less than a half of the trees were
severely damaged (Isikov, Zakharenko, 1988). Here-
with, P. orientalis in those localities occupies smaller
areas than in the Fraternal Cemetary Park, where it is
the prevailing species.
The infestation rate of J. deltoides in the Fraternal
Cemetary population is high as well: approximately
70—80 %. Therefore, the infection of the alien spe-
cies (P. orientalis) occurs under the direct contact with
this representative of the native dendroflora, but not by
the scheme suggesting that one more exotic Cupressa-
ceae species, Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa
Hartw. et Gordon), is required as an "intermediate link"
(Isikov, Zakharenko, 1988). At the North Side of Sev-
astopol, juniper and Oriental tsuga trees often grow
close to each other, touching by their branches. Cer-
tainly, close planting of P. orientalis in the alleys near
St. Nikolas Church on the top of the hill also favoured
the hemiparasite spread. A. oxycedri seed dispersal in
the populations of the host plants is provided by the
viscin-mediated ballistic mechanism that allows to dis-
seminate the seeds to the distance comparable to the
infected tree height; ornithochory occurs rarely as well
(Isikov, Zakharenko, 1988; Hawksworth, Wiens, 1996).
Arceuthobium oxycedri has not been found on two
other species growing in the Fraternal Cemetary area
(J. excelsa and Cupressus sempervirens L.), which sug-
gests their higher resistance to this hemiparasite, as it
has been supposed earlier (Isikov, Zakharenko, 1988).
Juniper dwarf mistletoe infection can be easily re-
vealed due to the typical morphological changes: name-
ly, cylindrical thickening (muft-like swellings) in sites of
shoots germination, and harp-shaped incurvations and
terminal thinning of the host plant branches (Fig. 2,
b). In comparison, on the invaded J. deltoides branches
only the "muft" formation occurs.
Parasitizing by A. oxycedri causes photoassimilates
outflow, inhibits host plant growth, lowers its drought
resistance, and enhances viral, bacterial and fungal
invasions (Hawksworth, Wiens, 1996). In compliance
with this statement, we have found many died and dying
stag-headed J. deltoides and P. orientalis at the Fraternal
Cemetary.
Oriental tsuga is cultivated in Crimea from the begin-
ning of the 19th century. Almost all findings of A. oxyce-
dri on P. orientalis are restricted to Crimea (Ciesla et al.,
2004). Despite the fact that this species in widely used
for landscape design, all cases of its invasion by A. oxy-
cedri have been described for old parks and dendrologi-
cal collections 130—200 years of age, such as those of
the Nikita Botanical Garden arboretum, and parks in
Foros and Novyi Svet settlements. It has to be men-
tioned in this respect that the Fraternal Cemetary Park
has been planted in the second half of the 19th century
(probably not later than 1870), and the Oriental tsuga
planting stocks were delivered from the Nikita Botani-
cal Garden and Odessa nursery. However, there are
stands of younger age here also invaded by A. oxycedri
that could have been growing in the Fraternal Cemetary
area since the mid-20th century. Besides the prolonged
contact of the exotic species with A. oxycedri, one more
condition that increse the probability of P. orientalis in-
vasion might be its proximity of artificial stands to juni-
per forests (both at present and in the past).
Specimens of A. oxycedri samples on branches of
P. orientalis collected on March 8 and 14, 2014, are de-
posited at the herbaria of the M.G. Kholodny Institute
of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
(KW), and Karadag Nature Reserve (PHEO).
The author expresses her gratitude to O.V. Kukush-
kin (Karadag Nature Reserve, Theodosia, Autonomous
Republic of Crimea) for his guidance of field research in
Crimea and critical comments of the manuscript; A.I. Ru-
guzova and V.P. Isikov (Nikita Botanical Garden, Yalta,
Autonomous Republic of Crimea) for valuable remarks
and suggestions; An.V. Yena (Crimean Agrotechnological
University, Simferopol, Autonomous Republic of Crimea)
and S.L.Mosyakin (M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany,
NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv) for various editorial comments.
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Recommtnded for publication by Submitted 24.06.2014
Ya.P. Didukh
Ю.А. Красиленко
Державна установа «Інститут харчової біотехнології і
геноміки НАН України», м. Київ, Україна
НОВА ЗНАХІДКА ARCEUTHOBIUM OXYCEDRI
(SANTALACEAE) НА PLATYCLADUS ORIENTALIS
(CUPRESSACEAE) У КРИМУ
У повідомленні міститься інформація про виявлення на те-
риторії м. Севастополя випадку масового ураження арцеу-
тобієм ялівцевим (Arceuthobium oxycedri) насаджень біоти
східної (Platycladus orientalis).
К л ю ч о в і с л о в а: Arceuthobium oxycedri, Platycladus
orientalis, Крим, Севастополь.
Ю.А. Красиленко
Государственное учреждение «Институт пищевой
биотехнологии и геномики Национальной Академии наук
Украины», г. Киев, Украина
НОВАЯ НАХОДКА МОЖЖЕВЕЛОЯДНИКА
ARCEUTHOBIUM OXYCEDRI (SANTALACEAE) НА
PLATYCLADUS ORIENTALIS (CUPRESSACEAE) В КРЫМУ
Сообщается о выявлении на территории г. Севастополя
случая массивного поражения можжевелоядником (Arceu-
thobium oxycedri) насаждений плосковеточника восточного
(Platycladus orientalis).
К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а: Arceuthobium oxycedri, Platycladus
orientalis, Крым, Севастополь.
|