Distribution and preliminary assessment of a rare fungus Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Ukraine
Hemileccinum depilatum ( Boletales, Basidiomycota) is currently known from Western and Central Europe, the Mediterranean, the Balkan Peninsula, and Asia (Azerbaijan and Turkey). The fungus is rare throughout its range and is included in the Red Lists in several European countries. In Ukraine, the...
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Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України
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irk-123456789-1768112021-02-09T01:26:20Z Distribution and preliminary assessment of a rare fungus Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Ukraine Heluta, V.P. Assyov, B. Hayova, V.P. Гриби і грибоподібні організми Hemileccinum depilatum ( Boletales, Basidiomycota) is currently known from Western and Central Europe, the Mediterranean, the Balkan Peninsula, and Asia (Azerbaijan and Turkey). The fungus is rare throughout its range and is included in the Red Lists in several European countries. In Ukraine, the species is known since 2006. Formerly, H. depilatum was found on the South Coast of Crimea, in the Mountain Crimea, Western Forest-Steppe and the Carpathians. The species was recorded only in five localities in three regions of Ukraine: Khmelnytsky, Transcarpathian, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Over the recent years, the fungus has been also reported from the following five regions: Cherkasy, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kyiv, Lviv, and Ternopil. Thus, by now the total number of the species localities increased from 5 to 14. However, the number of records grows due to additional data recently provided from field observations by amateur mycologists, rather than it can be considered as a result of an increasing population trend of the fungus. Undoubtedly, H. depilatum is a rarely occurring species in Ukraine and is to be protected. A preliminary assessment of the species at the national level using the IUCN criteria and categories is provided. Today, the main threat to its existence is collection of the fruit bodies by local population. Therefore, it is proposed to continue searching for new localities of the fungus and to protect those sites at least at the regional level, as well as to provide public outreach, primarily through social networks, which nowadays bring together tens of thousands of amateur mycologists in Ukraine. Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) трапляється у Західній та Центральній Європі, Середземномор'ї, на Балканському півострові, а також в Азії (Азербайджан і Туреччина). Скрізь він є рідкісним, у ряді країн Європи внесений до природоохоронних списків. В Україні він відомий з 2006 р. Гриб знаходили на Південному березі Криму, у Гірському Криму, Західному Лісостепу та Карпатах. До цього дослідження в Україні було відомо лише п'ять його місцезнаходжень, розташованих в Автономній Республіці Крим, Закарпатській і Хмельницькій областях. Упродовж останніх років гриб був зареєстрований ще у п'яти областях – Івано-Франківській, Київській, Львівській, Тернопільській і Черкаській, а кількість відомих локалітетів виду зросла з 5 до 14. Однак це збільшення пов'язане насамперед з широким залученням до пошуків даного виду мікологів-аматорів, а не є наслідком тенденції до збільшення чисельності гриба. Отже, H. depilatum є рідкісним в Україні видом і потребує охорони. Здійснено попередню оцінку виду на національному рівні із застосуванням критеріїв та категорій МСОП. На сьогодні головною загрозою для його існування є збір плодових тіл населенням. Тому пропонується продовжувати пошук нових місцезнаходжень цього рідкісного гриба, брати їх під охорону хоча б на регіональному рівні, а також здійснювати роз'яснювальну роботу з населенням, насамперед через соціальні мережі, які на сьогодні об'єднують в Україні десятки тисяч мікологів-аматорів. 2019 Article Distribution and preliminary assessment of a rare fungus Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Ukraine / V.P. Heluta, B. Assyov, V.P. Hayova // Український ботанічний журнал. — 2019. — Т. 76, № 5. — С. 427-433. — Бібліогр.: 25 назв. — англ. 0372-4123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj76.05.427 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/176811 en Український ботанічний журнал Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Гриби і грибоподібні організми Гриби і грибоподібні організми |
| spellingShingle |
Гриби і грибоподібні організми Гриби і грибоподібні організми Heluta, V.P. Assyov, B. Hayova, V.P. Distribution and preliminary assessment of a rare fungus Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Ukraine Український ботанічний журнал |
| description |
Hemileccinum depilatum ( Boletales, Basidiomycota) is currently known from Western and Central Europe, the
Mediterranean, the Balkan Peninsula, and Asia (Azerbaijan and Turkey). The fungus is rare throughout its range and is included
in the Red Lists in several European countries. In Ukraine, the species is known since 2006. Formerly, H. depilatum was found
on the South Coast of Crimea, in the Mountain Crimea, Western Forest-Steppe and the Carpathians. The species was recorded
only in five localities in three regions of Ukraine: Khmelnytsky, Transcarpathian, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
Over the recent years, the fungus has been also reported from the following five regions: Cherkasy, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kyiv, Lviv,
and Ternopil. Thus, by now the total number of the species localities increased from 5 to 14. However, the number of records
grows due to additional data recently provided from field observations by amateur mycologists, rather than it can be considered
as a result of an increasing population trend of the fungus. Undoubtedly, H. depilatum is a rarely occurring species in Ukraine
and is to be protected. A preliminary assessment of the species at the national level using the IUCN criteria and categories is
provided. Today, the main threat to its existence is collection of the fruit bodies by local population. Therefore, it is proposed
to continue searching for new localities of the fungus and to protect those sites at least at the regional level, as well as to provide
public outreach, primarily through social networks, which nowadays bring together tens of thousands of amateur mycologists
in Ukraine. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Heluta, V.P. Assyov, B. Hayova, V.P. |
| author_facet |
Heluta, V.P. Assyov, B. Hayova, V.P. |
| author_sort |
Heluta, V.P. |
| title |
Distribution and preliminary assessment of a rare fungus Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Ukraine |
| title_short |
Distribution and preliminary assessment of a rare fungus Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Ukraine |
| title_full |
Distribution and preliminary assessment of a rare fungus Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Ukraine |
| title_fullStr |
Distribution and preliminary assessment of a rare fungus Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Ukraine |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Distribution and preliminary assessment of a rare fungus Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Ukraine |
| title_sort |
distribution and preliminary assessment of a rare fungus hemileccinum depilatum (boletales, basidiomycota) in ukraine |
| publisher |
Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| topic_facet |
Гриби і грибоподібні організми |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/176811 |
| citation_txt |
Distribution and preliminary assessment of a rare fungus Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Ukraine / V.P. Heluta, B. Assyov, V.P. Hayova // Український ботанічний журнал. — 2019. — Т. 76, № 5. — С. 427-433. — Бібліогр.: 25 назв. — англ. |
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Український ботанічний журнал |
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427Український ботанічний журнал, 2019, 76(5)
Гриби і грибоподібні організми
Fungi and Fungi-like Organisms
https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj76.05.427
Distribution and preliminary assessment of a rare fungus Hemileccinum
depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Ukraine
Vasyl P. HELUTA1, Boris ASSYOV2, Vera P. HAYOVA1
1M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2 Tereschenkivska Str., Kyiv 01004, Ukraine
vheluta@botany.kiev.ua
2Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
2 Yurii Gagarin Str., Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
contact@boletales.com
Heluta V.P., Assyov B., Hayova V.P. 2019. Distribution and preliminary assessment of a rare fungus Hemileccinum depilatum
(Boletales, Basidiomycota) in Ukraine. Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 76(5): 427–433.
Abstract. Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) is currently known from Western and Central Europe, the
Mediterranean, the Balkan Peninsula, and Asia (Azerbaijan and Turkey). The fungus is rare throughout its range and is included
in the Red Lists in several European countries. In Ukraine, the species is known since 2006. Formerly, H. depilatum was found
on the South Coast of Crimea, in the Mountain Crimea, Western Forest-Steppe and the Carpathians. The species was recorded
only in five localities in three regions of Ukraine: Khmelnytsky, Transcarpathian, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
Over the recent years, the fungus has been also reported from the following five regions: Cherkasy, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kyiv, Lviv,
and Ternopil. Thus, by now the total number of the species localities increased from 5 to 14. However, the number of records
grows due to additional data recently provided from field observations by amateur mycologists, rather than it can be considered
as a result of an increasing population trend of the fungus. Undoubtedly, H. depilatum is a rarely occurring species in Ukraine
and is to be protected. A preliminary assessment of the species at the national level using the IUCN criteria and categories is
provided. Today, the main threat to its existence is collection of the fruit bodies by local population. Therefore, it is proposed
to continue searching for new localities of the fungus and to protect those sites at least at the regional level, as well as to provide
public outreach, primarily through social networks, which nowadays bring together tens of thousands of amateur mycologists
in Ukraine.
Keywords: Boletaceae, Boletus, fungal conservation, IUCN, Hemileccinum impolitum, Leccinum, rare fungus, Xerocomus
Submitted 03 October 2019. Published 31 October 2019
Гелюта В.П.1, Асьов Б.2, Гайова В.П.1 2019. Поширення в Україні та попередня оцінка рідкісного гриба Hemileccinum
depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota). Український ботанічний журнал, 76(5): 427–433.
1Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України
вул. Терещенківська 2, Київ 01004, Україна
2Інститут біорізноманіття та екосистемних досліджень, Академія наук Болгарії
вул. Юрія Гагаріна 2, Софія 1113, Болгарія
Реферат. Hemileccinum depilatum (Boletales, Basidiomycota) трапляється у Західній та Центральній Європі,
Середземномор'ї, на Балканському півострові, а також в Азії (Азербайджан і Туреччина). Скрізь він є рідкісним, у ряді
країн Європи внесений до природоохоронних списків. В Україні він відомий з 2006 р. Гриб знаходили на Південному
березі Криму, у Гірському Криму, Західному Лісостепу та Карпатах. До цього дослідження в Україні було відомо
лише п'ять його місцезнаходжень, розташованих в Автономній Республіці Крим, Закарпатській і Хмельницькій
областях. Упродовж останніх років гриб був зареєстрований ще у п'яти областях – Івано-Франківській, Київській,
Львівській, Тернопільській і Черкаській, а кількість відомих локалітетів виду зросла з 5 до 14. Однак це збільшення
пов'язане насамперед з широким залученням до пошуків даного виду мікологів-аматорів, а не є наслідком тенденції
до збільшення чисельності гриба. Отже, H. depilatum є рідкісним в Україні видом і потребує охорони. Здійснено
попередню оцінку виду на національному рівні із застосуванням критеріїв та категорій МСОП. На сьогодні головною
загрозою для його існування є збір плодових тіл населенням. Тому пропонується продовжувати пошук нових
місцезнаходжень цього рідкісного гриба, брати їх під охорону хоча б на регіональному рівні, а також здійснювати
роз'яснювальну роботу з населенням, насамперед через соціальні мережі, які на сьогодні об'єднують в Україні десятки
тисяч мікологів-аматорів.
Ключові слова: Boletaceae, Boletus, Hemileccinum impolitum, Leccinum, Xerocomus, МСОП, охорона грибів, рідкісний гриб
© 2019 V.P. Heluta, B. Assyov, V.P. Hayova. Published by the M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine. This is an open access article
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
428 Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 2019, 76(5)
Hemileccinum Šutara is one of the smallest genera of
the Boletaceae (Boletales, Basidiomycota) currently
comprising five species (http://www.indexfungorum.
org/names/Names.asp). The genus was described by
J. Šutara (2008) to include two species then placed in
Xerocomus Quél., as H. depilatum (Redeuilh) Šutara and
H. impolitum (Fr.) Šutara. Formerly they were regarded
by different authors as belonging to three genera,
Boletus L., Leccinum Gray, and already mentioned
Xerocomus. However, the two species were transferred
to Hemileccinum, once it was noticed that anatomical
structure of the peripheral stipe layers in both species
is of the leccinoid type (i.e. corresponding to that of
Leccinum) (Bertault, 1980; Šutara, 2008). Therefore
these species could be referred neither to Boletus,
nor to Xerocomus. This conclusion was supported by
molecular phylogenetic analyses; moreover, studies on
phylogenetic relationships have demonstrated that both
species are also rather distant from Leccinum (Binder,
Besl, 2000; Bakker, Noordeloos, 2005). Thus, a new
genus was proposed based on distinct morphology and
phylogenetic data. Morphologically, the genus appears
similar to Leccinum, but its species differ in having the
yellow hymenophore, unchanging in color context,
iodoform odor, and violet macrochemical reaction
of the pileus surface with NH
3
vapour (Šutara, 2008).
Furthermore, multigenous analysis of highly informative
genetic markers showed a distinct phylogenetic lineage
and clearly supported Hemileccinum as a separate genus
(Wu et al., 2014).
Subsequently, based on molecular phylogenetic
evidence and morphological data (Halling et al., 2015;
Wu et al., 2016), other two species, the Southeast Asian
Boletus indecorus Massee [Corneroboletus indecorus
(Massee) N.K. Zeng & Zhu L. Yang] and the North
American B. subglabripes Peck, were transferred to
Hemileccinum; in addition, a new species, H. rugosum
G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang, was described from south-
western China. Thus of the currently known five
species of Hemileccinum, only two are native to
Europe, H. depilatum and H. impolitum. The latter
is quite widespread, while H. depilatum is a rarely
occurring species. It has been reported from Western
and Central Europe, the Mediterranean, the Balkans
(http://e-ecodb.bas.bg/rdb/bg/vol1/Boldepil.html)
and Asia (Azerbaijan and Turkey) (Doğan et al., 2012;
Mustafabayli, Aghayeva, 2019). Due to its rarity, the
species was included in the Red Lists of fungi in several
European countries. In Bulgaria, H. depilatum is red-
listed as Endangered (EN B2ab(iii)) (Gyosheva et al.,
2006; Assyov, Denchev, 2015). In the fungal Red List
of the Czech Republic it is categorized as Vulnerable
(Holec, Beran, 2006; Šutara et al., 2009), in the Red
List of Fungi for Great Britain – as Data Deficient
(Ainsworth et al., 2013). In Poland, only two records
of H. depilatum are known and the species is included
into the "List of Rare and Endangered Species of
Fungi" ("Rejestr gatunków grzybów chronionych i
zagrożonych" (GREJ), https://www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/
Boletus_depilatus.htm#GREJ).
In Ukraine, until recently only one species of this
genus was known, H. impolitum, a quite widespread
mushroom commonly gathered in forests by local
population. It has been recorded in Central Polissya,
West, Right Bank and Left Bank Forest-Steppe, Left
Bank Grass-Meadow and Grass Steppe, as well as
Crimea (Zerova et al., 1979; Akulov, Prydiuk, 2007;
Sarkina, 2018). The second species, H. depilatum,
was found for the first time in Ukraine by I.S. Sarkina
(2014a, b) in 2006 in Mys Martian Nature Reserve
(South Coast of Crimea). The second and third finds
of the fungus in 2008 were reported by the first author
from Western Forest-Steppe (Heluta, 2012). After that,
H. depilatum was recorded in the Mountain Crimea
(Sarkina, 2014b) and the Carpathians (Berkela,
Pokynchereda, 2015; Gleb, 2016). In 2016, a single
fruit body collected in Central Polissya was brought by
amateurs to the M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany,
NAS of Ukraine, for identification. Since recently,
more observation data on the occurrence of this species
have been provided through "Fungi of Ukraine", a social
network group (https://www.facebook.com/groups/
Hryby.Ukrayiny/?ref=bookmarks). Consequently,
distribution area of the fungus in the country was
expanded to include the Right Bank Forest-Steppe, as
well as several new localities were added to the earlier
reported regions mentioned above.
Here we provide a description and illustrations of
H. depilatum (Fig. 1), followed by a list of all currently
known localities in Ukraine and a distribution map
(Fig. 2).
Hemileccinum depilatum (Redeuilh) Šutara, Czech
Mycol. 60(1): 55. 2008. – Bas.: Boletus depilatus
Redeuilh, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 101(4): 389. 1986
[1985]. – Syn.: Leccinum depilatum (Redeuilh) Šutara,
Česká Mykol. 43(1): 4. 1989. – Xerocomus depilatus
(Redeuilh) Manfr. Binder & Besl, Micologia 2000
(Trento): 85. 2000.
Pileus 4–10(–15) cm wide, hemisphaerical, later
convex, plano-convex to flattened cushion-shaped,
https://www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Boletus_depilatus.htm#GREJ
https://www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Boletus_depilatus.htm#GREJ
429Український ботанічний журнал, 2019, 76(5)
Fig. 1. Fruit bodies of Hemileccinum depilatum collected in Khmelnytsky Region (A–E); pileus pseudoepithelium composed of
ellipsoid to subglobose cells (F). Bar: 50 μm
430 Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 2019, 76(5)
surface uneven, slightly wrinkled or pitted, mostly
glabrous, but at early stages finely tomentose in pits
and at pileus margin, later completely glabrous, at first
yellow-brown, then chestnut-brown, fading to ochre
or tinged to flesh color (Fig. 1, A–D). Pileipellis non-
separable. In young fruit bodies pileipellis is composed
of two layers, the upper soft trichoderm consisting of
loosely intertwined filamentous hyphae and the lower
layer formed by dense somewhat saddle-shaped hyphae.
Soon after, as the upper layer starts to disappear, the
lower one becomes a pseudoepithelium composed of
ellipsoid to subglobose cells (Fig. 1, F). Hymenophore
near stipe apex slightly depressed, sometimes almost
free. Tubes up to (10–)15–20 mm long, deep yellow
when young, olive-yellow with age. Pores minute,
0.5–1 mm in diameter, rounded, concolorous with
the tubes, unchanging when bruised. Stipe 6–15 ×
2.5–4(–4.5) cm, relatively fleshy, elongate clavate or
elongate subfusoid, tapering, occasionally spindle-
shaped toward base, often distinctly curved, covered
with scabrosities as in Leccinum, but less conspicuous,
light-colored and not darkening, later partly collapsing;
stipe surface light-yellow or whitish, in old fruit
bodies sometimes with brownish to burgundy spots or
reddish band. Stipe base covered with white or whitish,
occasionally yellow-olive to brownish tangled basal
tomentum. Partial veil and annulus absent. Context of
stipe and pileus whitish, light-yellow, often more deep
yellow above tubes and under stipe surface, at stipe base
or all over the stipe in old fruit bodies sometimes with
brown or brown-red spots (Fig. 1, E), or completely
red-brown (Fig. 1, C), color unchanging when cut,
odor unpleasant resembling iodoform, particularly in
the lower part of the stipe, taste mild.
Macrochemical reactions. Pileus surface: NH
4
OH –
violet.
Fig. 2. Distribution of Hemileccinum depilatum in Ukraine (CF – Carpathian Forests, CP – Central Polissya, MC – Mountain
Crimea, RFs – Right Bank Forest-Steppe, SC – Southern Crimea, WFs – Western Forest-Steppe, WUF – Western Ukrainian
Forests)
431Український ботанічний журнал, 2019, 76(5)
Spore print olive-brown. Spores (10–)12–14(–17) ×
4.5–6(–7) μm, fusoid-ellipsoid, smooth.
Deciduous forests, predominantly under hornbeam,
on alkaline soils. Solitary, very rare. July–August. Edible
mushroom of low quality due to unpleasant odor.
Distribution in Ukraine. Autonomous Republic of
Crimea, Bakhchisarai Region, Male Sadove village,
21.07.2013, N.O. Bagrikova (Sarkina, 2014b); Yalta City
Council, Nikita Botanical Garden, Mys Martian Nature
Reserve, 05.07.2006, I.S. Sarkina (Sarkina, 2014a,
b). – Cherkasy Region, Lysianka District, Pochapyntsi
village, 27.07.2017, V. Shulha. – Ivano-Frankivsk
Region, Horodenka District, Daleshove village, 23.09.
2017, A. Yemchuk. – Kyiv Region, Borodyanka District,
near Klavdievo-Tarasove settlement, 04.08.2016,
collected by amateurs. – Khmelnytsky Region, Vinkivtsi
town, 03.09.2019, N. Marysyk; Horodok district,
Ivankivtsi village, 17.08.2019, V. Kydanchuk-Dronska;
Kamianets-Podilskyi District, Kytaihorod village,
24.08.2008, V.P. Heluta; Lenivka village, 21.08.2008,
V.P. Heluta, V.P. Hayova; Krasyliv District, Krasyliv
town, 24.07, 20.08.2019, V. Kydanchuk-Dronska. –
Lviv Region, Zolochiv District, Yaktoriv village,
16.08.2019, O. Stepko. – Ternopil Region, Zalishchyky
town, 28.09.2015, L. Burdeina-Domarad; Chortkiv
town, 16.07, 19.08.2019, S. Flekey. – Transcarpathian
Region, Rakhiv District, Carpathian Biosphere Reserve,
Kisvyanske branch, 2015 (Berkela, Pokynchereda,
2015; Gleb, 2016).
Hemileccinum depilatum in its general appearance
is quite similar to H. impolitum but differs in pitted, or
hammered, pileus surface and microscopic structure
of pileipellis. In H. impolitum, pileipellis hyphae are
cylindrical and filamentous, with only a small number
of terminal cells slightly broadened at the top. In
H. depilatum, pileus surface undergoes conspicuous
changes during its development. Initially, the pileipellis
consists of two layers, the upper layer of loosely
intervowen filamentous hyphae and the lower one
with densely arranged hyphae. At this stage, the pileus
surface appears finely tomentose. However, it becomes
completely glabrous, as soon as the filamentous hyphae
in the upper layer disappear. In the originally lower
layer, gradually broadening hyphae become more or less
inflated, so that the pileipellis eventually is composed
of predominantly ellipsoid to subglobose cells. Thus
the two species can be easily distinguished by this
micromorphological character.
Hitherto, H. depilatum was recorded in Central
Polissya, Western and Right Bank Forest-Steppe,
Carpathian Forests, Mountain Crimea and Southern
Crimea. According to administrative divisions in
Ukraine, the species was reported from the Autonomous
Republic of Crimea, Cherkasy, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kyiv,
Khmelnytsky, Lviv, Ternopil and Transcarpathian
regions. At present, in total 14 localities of the fungus
are known in the country. However, the number of
records increased due to additional data recently
provided by amateur mycologists as a result of their
field observations, rather than growing population
trend of the fungus. Undoubtedly, H. depilatum is a
rarely encountered species which is to be protected at
the national level. It has been already recommended to
include this species into the Red Data Book of Ukraine
(Heluta, 2012). However, it is necessary to assess its
conservation status nationally.
Nowadays, the red-listing system developed by the
IUCN is widely internationally recognized (IUCN…,
2012). This system is based on assessing conservation
status of all species against standard criteria applied to
estimate extinction risk for the species and to assign
it to one of the recommended categories (IUCN…,
2019). We have made a preliminary evaluation of the
status of H. depilatum in Ukraine using the IUCN
Red List categories and criteria, in accordance with
special guidelines for fungal red-listing (Dahlberg,
Mueller, 2011). This is a tentative assessment since the
species was only recently recognized in the country (in
2006), therefore due to insufficient recording time for
an ectomycorrhizal fungus, its population size cannot
yet be estimated. However, based on the concept of
functional individual (Dahlberg, Mueller, 2011) and
current distribution of the fungus in the country, we
can apply criterion D for its evaluation. The number of
mature individuals in the known up to now 14 localities
can be estimated as minimum 140, but maximum
actual number of the localities can be increased in
future, apparently not exceeding 100. Thus, for the time
being the species is assessed as Vulnerable (VU) under
criterion D1.
At present, the main threat for H. depilatum is
collecting its fruit bodies by local population. Therefore
for conservation purposes it is important to protect
already known sites, at least at the regional/local level,
and to continue searching for new localities of the
fungus in appropriate habitats. It is also essential to raise
public awareness and to engage local people, primarily
through social networks connecting professional
mycologists with tens of thousands of amateurs.
432 Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 2019, 76(5)
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to all amateurs (their names are
listed in the article) who provided information on the
localities of H. depilatum in Ukraine. The support offered
by L.G. Lubinska and M.M. Riabyi during field research
in Khmelnytskyi Region is much appreciated. This
work was supported in part by the program "Support for
development of the priority areas of scientific research"
(CPCEL 6541230).
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