New data on distribution of the endangered species Viola jooi (Violaceae) in Ukraine
Here we report the third extant site of Viola jooi in Ukraine. The species was found on an open calcareous scree in the valley of the Tlumach stream near Ostrynia village (Tlumach District, Ivano-Frankivsk Region). Vegetation of the scree may be classified to a broadly circumscribed alliance Stipi...
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irk-123456789-1768192021-02-10T01:26:03Z New data on distribution of the endangered species Viola jooi (Violaceae) in Ukraine Rolecek, J. Drevojan, P. Червона книга України Here we report the third extant site of Viola jooi in Ukraine. The species was found on an open calcareous scree in the valley of the Tlumach stream near Ostrynia village (Tlumach District, Ivano-Frankivsk Region). Vegetation of the scree may be classified to a broadly circumscribed alliance Stipion calamagrostis or to its east-central European counterpart Teucrion montani (class Thlaspietea rotundifolii). Moreover, our survey of Ukrainian and Polish herbaria revealed several specimens collected during the 1930s at two sites not yet mentioned in the literature, with one of the sites situated near our newly found site. We see a need for a thorough field survey of the historical, extant and other suitable sites of the species in the area of its present distribution in the Ukraine. Despite the new finds, Viola jooi remains one of the rarest relicts of the ancient heliophilous flora of the Volyn-Podolian Upland, pointing to its peri-Alpidic biogeographical affinities. Conservation priorities should be in line with this status. У статті повідомляється про третю знахідку Viola jooi в Україні. Вид був знайдений на відкритих вапнякових осипах у долині р. Тлумач поблизу с. Остриня (Тлумацький район, Івано-Франківська область). Рослинність цих осипів може бути віднесена до союзу Stipion calamagrostis у широкому розумінні або до його східно- центральноєвропейського відповідника Teucrion montani (клас Thlaspietea rotundifolii). Крім того, у матеріалах гербаріїв з України та Польщі було знайдено декілька зразків, зібраних протягом 1930-х років у двох місцезнаходженнях, які раніше не наводилися в літературі, а одне з цих місцезнаходжень розташоване поблизу нещодавно знайденого нами локалітету. Отже, потрібно проводити ретельні польові дослідження як історичних, так і теперішніх, а також інших можливих локалітетів виду в межах регіону його сучасного поширення в Україні. Незважаючи на нові знахідки, Viola jooi залишається одним із найрідкісніших реліктів давньої геліофільної флори Волино-Подільської височини, що вказує на її пери-альпідні (периферійні до зон Альпійського орогенезу) біогеографічні зв'язки. Пріоритети охорони цього виду мають відповідати його статусу. 2019 Article New data on distribution of the endangered species Viola jooi (Violaceae) in Ukraine / J. Roleček, P. Dřevojan // Український ботанічний журнал. — 2019. — Т. 76, № 6. — С. 526-532. — Бібліогр.: 31 назв. — англ. 0372-4123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj76.06.526 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/176819 en Український ботанічний журнал Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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English |
| topic |
Червона книга України Червона книга України |
| spellingShingle |
Червона книга України Червона книга України Rolecek, J. Drevojan, P. New data on distribution of the endangered species Viola jooi (Violaceae) in Ukraine Український ботанічний журнал |
| description |
Here we report the third extant site of Viola jooi in Ukraine. The species was found on an open calcareous scree in the
valley of the Tlumach stream near Ostrynia village (Tlumach District, Ivano-Frankivsk Region). Vegetation of the scree may be
classified to a broadly circumscribed alliance Stipion calamagrostis or to its east-central European counterpart Teucrion montani
(class Thlaspietea rotundifolii). Moreover, our survey of Ukrainian and Polish herbaria revealed several specimens collected
during the 1930s at two sites not yet mentioned in the literature, with one of the sites situated near our newly found site. We
see a need for a thorough field survey of the historical, extant and other suitable sites of the species in the area of its present
distribution in the Ukraine. Despite the new finds, Viola jooi remains one of the rarest relicts of the ancient heliophilous flora
of the Volyn-Podolian Upland, pointing to its peri-Alpidic biogeographical affinities. Conservation priorities should be in line
with this status. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Rolecek, J. Drevojan, P. |
| author_facet |
Rolecek, J. Drevojan, P. |
| author_sort |
Rolecek, J. |
| title |
New data on distribution of the endangered species Viola jooi (Violaceae) in Ukraine |
| title_short |
New data on distribution of the endangered species Viola jooi (Violaceae) in Ukraine |
| title_full |
New data on distribution of the endangered species Viola jooi (Violaceae) in Ukraine |
| title_fullStr |
New data on distribution of the endangered species Viola jooi (Violaceae) in Ukraine |
| title_full_unstemmed |
New data on distribution of the endangered species Viola jooi (Violaceae) in Ukraine |
| title_sort |
new data on distribution of the endangered species viola jooi (violaceae) in ukraine |
| publisher |
Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| topic_facet |
Червона книга України |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/176819 |
| citation_txt |
New data on distribution of the endangered species Viola jooi (Violaceae) in Ukraine / J. Roleček, P. Dřevojan // Український ботанічний журнал. — 2019. — Т. 76, № 6. — С. 526-532. — Бібліогр.: 31 назв. — англ. |
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| fulltext |
526 Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 2019, 76(6)
https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj76.06.526
New data on distribution of the endangered species Viola jooi (Violaceae)
in Ukraine
Jan Roleček1,2, Pavel Dřevojan1
1 Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University
2 Kotlářská, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic
2 Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences
25/27 Lidická, Brno 657 20, Czech Republic
honza.rolecek@centrum.cz
pavel.drevojan@seznam.cz
Roleček J., Dřevojan P. 2019. New data on distribution of the endangered species Viola jooi (Violaceae) in Ukraine. Ukrainian
Botanical Journal, 76(6): 526–532.
Abstract. Here we report the third extant site of Viola jooi in Ukraine. The species was found on an open calcareous scree in the
valley of the Tlumach stream near Ostrynia village (Tlumach District, Ivano-Frankivsk Region). Vegetation of the scree may be
classified to a broadly circumscribed alliance Stipion calamagrostis or to its east-central European counterpart Teucrion montani
(class Thlaspietea rotundifolii). Moreover, our survey of Ukrainian and Polish herbaria revealed several specimens collected
during the 1930s at two sites not yet mentioned in the literature, with one of the sites situated near our newly found site. We
see a need for a thorough field survey of the historical, extant and other suitable sites of the species in the area of its present
distribution in the Ukraine. Despite the new finds, Viola jooi remains one of the rarest relicts of the ancient heliophilous flora
of the Volyn-Podolian Upland, pointing to its peri-Alpidic biogeographical affinities. Conservation priorities should be in line
with this status.
Keywords: endangered species, plant distribution, Podnistrovia, Pokuttia, relict, scree vegetation
Submitted 08 October 2019. Published 29 December 2019
Ролечек Я.1,2, Држевоян П.1 2019. Нові дані щодо поширення зникаючого виду Viola jooi (Violaceae) в Україні. Український
ботанічний журнал, 76(6): 526–532.
1Університет Масарика
вул. Котляржська 37, Брно 611 37, Чеська Республіка
2Інститут ботаніки, Академія Наук Чеської Республіки
вул. Лідіцька 25/27, Брно 657 20, Чеська Республіка
Реферат. У статті повідомляється про третю знахідку Viola jooi в Україні. Вид був знайдений на відкритих
вапнякових осипах у долині р. Тлумач поблизу с. Остриня (Тлумацький район, Івано-Франківська область).
Рослинність цих осипів може бути віднесена до союзу Stipion calamagrostis у широкому розумінні або до його східно-
центральноєвропейського відповідника Teucrion montani (клас Thlaspietea rotundifolii). Крім того, у матеріалах гербаріїв
з України та Польщі було знайдено декілька зразків, зібраних протягом 1930-х років у двох місцезнаходженнях, які
раніше не наводилися в літературі, а одне з цих місцезнаходжень розташоване поблизу нещодавно знайденого нами
локалітету. Отже, потрібно проводити ретельні польові дослідження як історичних, так і теперішніх, а також інших
можливих локалітетів виду в межах регіону його сучасного поширення в Україні. Незважаючи на нові знахідки, Viola
jooi залишається одним із найрідкісніших реліктів давньої геліофільної флори Волино-Подільської височини, що
вказує на її пери-альпідні (периферійні до зон Альпійського орогенезу) біогеографічні зв'язки. Пріоритети охорони
цього виду мають відповідати його статусу.
Ключові слова: зникаючий вид, поширення рослин, Подністров'я, Покуття, релікт, рослинність осипів
© 2019 J. Roleček, P. Dřevojan. Published by the M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, NAS of Ukraine. This is an open access article under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
527Український ботанічний журнал, 2019, 76(6)
Introduction
Viola jooi Janka is a rare species with a narrow distribution
range, encompassing mainly the Eastern and Southern
Carpathians in Romania. Outside Romania, a single
site was reported from Serbia (Homoljske Planine Mts,
Southern Carpathians) and two sites from Ukraine
(Niketić et al., 2015). The Ukrainian sites are situated
in the Pokuttia historical region near Chortovets and
Harasymiv villages (Shelyag-Sosonko et al., 1980;
Didukh, 2009), about 130 km north of the nearest sites
in north-eastern Romania (cf. Niketić et al., 2015). The
species is classified as vulnerable in the Red Data Book
of Ukraine (Didukh, 2009) and as rare in the Romanian
red list (Oltean et al., 1994). Its estimated threat status
in Serbia is critically endangered species (Niketić et al.,
2015). Habitats of the species in Ukraine include mainly
gypsum outcrops with steppe grassland vegetation
dominated by Carex humilis, Helictotrichon desertorum
and Sesleria heuflerana, where it is accompanied by
other rare ecological specialists such as Draba podolica
(Schivereckia podolica) and Thalictrum petaloideum
(incl. T. podolicum) (Koczwara, 1931; Didukh, 2009;
Roleček et al., 2019).
Discovery of Viola jooi within the present-day
territory of Ukraine has been ascribed to the Polish
botanist Tadeusz Wilczyński (Koczwara, 1931;
Zabłocki, 1947). Koczwara himself reported V. jooi from
three phytosociological relevés recorded in June 1927
near Chortovets village on gypsum outcrops by the road
to Obertyn (Koczwara, 1931; Fig. 1). The place likely
corresponds to the Boldy site (also called Zholob) where
the species is still present (Didukh, 2009). There are
multiple herbarium specimens from this site in Krakow
(KRA, KRAM), Lviv (LWS) and Kyiv (KW) herbaria,
the oldest one coming from 1928 (see Overview of the
studied herbarium specimens). Another site reported in
the Red Data Book of Ukraine is located 10 kilometres
to the north-west, on slopes of a gypsum sinkhole
between Zhabokruky, Harasymiv and Zhyvachiv
villages (Ya.P. Didukh pers. comm.; Fig. 1). A single
specimen from this site is present in KW.
The aim of this paper is to report a new site of Viola jooi
in Ukraine, which was found during a field trip in April
2019, and to provide additional new data on species’
distribution retrieved from the literature and herbaria.
These findings change the picture of distribution of
V. jooi in the country.
Study area
The study area (Fig. 1) is situated in the northern
part of the historical region of Pokuttia, which is
a part of a physiographic region of the Pokutian-
Bessarabian Upland (IEU, 2019). It is predominantly
built of calcareous sediments of the Neogene and
Cretaceous age, mainly gypsum and marlstones
(Vashchenko et al., 2007). The landscape is mildly
undulating and largely used as farmlands. Incised
valleys of the Dniester and its tributaries provide
suitable habitats for the remnants of natural and semi-
natural non-forest vegetation, such as steppe grasslands,
vegetation of rocky outcrops and screes (Koczwara,
1931; Didukh, Korotchenko, 2000; Didukh, Vasheniak,
2018; Roleček et al., 2019). Karst features, particularly
sinkholes, developed in the Neogene gypsum deposits,
provide additional habitats for these vegetation types
(Didukh, Pavliuk, 2008).
Methods
Taxonomic concepts and nomenclature of vascular
plant taxa follow Euro+Med PlantBase (2006–onward),
with the exception of Ligularia glauca, for which
we use the concept of Flora Europaea (Tutin et al.,
1976). Syntaxonomic nomenclature follows Mucina
et al. (2016); full references are provided for syntaxa
not included in this source. Vegetation composition
was recorded using 2 × 2 m plot and standard
phytosociological methodology, with the extended
Braun-Blanquet scale used for species cover-abundance
estimation (Dengler et al., 2008). Acronyms of herbaria
follow Index Herbariorum (Thiers, 2008–onward).
Results
A new site of Viola jooi was found during a survey
of steppe vegetation on steep slopes of the valley of
Tlumach stream near Ostrynia village (Tlumach
District, Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Western Ukraine;
Fig. 1). Herbarium vouchers are deposited in the
Herbarium of the Masaryk University (BRNU) in
Brno. Several dozens of individuals were found on the
south-west facing open marlstone scree (Fig. 2) and
in adjacent dry grasslands. Species composition of
the scree vegetation was recorded using the following
phytosociological relevé.
Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Tlumach District,
Ostrynia village, steep slope above right bank of the
Tlumach stream, latitude 48°55′40.9″ N, longitude
24°59′12.3″ E (WGS-84), altitude 250 m a.s.l., plot size
528 Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 2019, 76(6)
4 m2, slope inclination 40°, slope aspect 200°, cover of
herb layer 5%, cover of moss layer < 1%. Authors: J.
Roleček & P. Dřevojan. Date: 17 April 2019.
Herb layer: Teucrium montanum 1, Allium lusitanicum
+, Asperula cynanchica +, Bupleurum falcatum +,
Euphorbia cyparissias +, Ranunculus breyninus +, Salvia
verticillata +, Securigera varia +, Teucrium chamaedrys
+, Viola jooi +, Arrhenatherum elatius r, Daucus carota r,
Echium vulgare r, Sanguisorba minor r.
During our subsequent survey of botanical literature
and herbaria we identified two additional sites not yet
reported in the relevant Ukrainian and Polish literature
(Zabłocki, 1947; Shelyag-Sosonko et al.; 1980; Didukh,
2009):
i) Suchodól [= Sukhodil] village, Dniester valley
near Brzezina grange (J. Mądalski, 1934, KRAM);
ii) slopes above Pałahicze [= Palahychi] village (J.
Mądalski, 1936, KRAM).
Detailed information on the herbarium specimens
are provided in Appendix 1. Summary data of the known
past and present localities of Viola jooi in Ukraine is
provided in Fig. 1.
Discussion
New finds
While the latest overview of the distribution of Viola
jooi in Ukraine (Didukh, 2009) mentions two historical
sites (both reported as still existing), we discovered three
additional sites. The extant site near Ostrynia, which
was found during a field trip in 2019, represents the
northernmost point of species’ known distribution (cf.
Niketić et al., 2015).
Perhaps even bigger surprise was a discovery of two
historical sites of Viola jooi in the herbarium of the
W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of
Fig. 1. Distribution of Viola jooi in Ukraine. Full square – newly found extant site; full circles – extant sites reported by Didukh
(2009); empty circles – sites of the newly discovered herbarium specimens collected in the 1930s
529Український ботанічний журнал, 2019, 76(6)
Sciences, Krakow (KRAM), kindly checked by
Agnieszka Nikel. Respective specimens were collected
by the Polish botanist Józef Mądalski in the 1930s,
when the whole area of interest was a part of Poland.
Mądalski worked at Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv.
After the expulsion of Poles from the region by the
end of World War II he moved to Wrocław, but later he
handed over his personal herbarium to Krakow (see
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Józef_Mądalski).
The site near Palahychi is located just about 1 km
south-west of the extant site found by us and thus
may be considered as a single larger site. However,
site conditions of the two places may differ, as the area
provides outcrops of not only Cretaceous marlstones,
but also of Neogene gypsum. The other site near
Sukhodil is the first known place of occurrence of Viola
jooi in the Dniester valley, which has been recognized as
an important refugium for non-forest species (Didukh,
Vasheniak, 2018). Additional habitats suitable for
V. jooi still occur in the surroundings of both historical
sites and we assume that a focused field survey might
bring new interesting findings. The search in other
relevant herbaria in Ukraine and Poland (KRA, KW,
LW, LWS) brought no new information on distribution
of the species. It should also be noted that V. jooi was
repeatedly reported from the Ukrainian Carpathians
(Klokov, 1955; Tzvelev, 1996; Novikoff, Hurdu, 2015)
listed it among doubtful taxa for this region. However,
the respective record is surely erroneous, because it was
based on an incorrect geographical interpretation of the
Pokuttia region by Klokov (1955), which was probably
followed by Tzvelev (1996).
We hope that the new find reported here will
stimulate interest in the species and that nature
conservation priorities will meet its status and needs.
Biogeography
Despite the new finds, Viola jooi remains one of the
rarest relicts of the ancient heliophilous flora of the
Volyn-Podolian Upland. This flora includes various
biogeographical and ecological elements, among which
the continental steppe element and Central European
Fig. 2. Viola jooi at its newly found site near Ostrynia village. Teucrium montanum, a dominant species of the habitat, and
Securigera varia are also visible
530 Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 2019, 76(6)
(in a wide sense) montane element belong to most
characteristic ones (Szafer, 1923; Gajewski, 1937;
Zaveryukha, 1985; Didukh, Vasheniak, 2018). Viola jooi
clearly belongs to the latter, showing dealpine ecological
features and peri-Alpidic (in this case, peri-Carpathian)
distribution. In this respect, the co-occurring Teucrium
montanum and Ranunculus breyninus show certain
similarities.
Although some authors (e.g. Szafer, 1923) suggested
the Tertiary age for these relicts, we assume that
extensive climatic fluctuations connected with multiple
Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles (Ehlers, Gibbard,
2011) led to profound changes of species’ distribution
ranges. Therefore, the current distribution patterns of
Viola jooi and other heliophilous relicts were probably
determined rather by the extent of their ranges during
the last Ice Age (Late Pleistocene) or early Holocene
and by the rate of their retreat during the Holocene
forest spread. Admittedly, in some cases (e.g. the species
with extremely disjunct ranges such as Ligularia glauca
and Thalictrum petaloideum) earlier events might have
played more important roles.
Vegetation
Vegetation of the scree with Viola jooi in the Tlumach
valley may be classified to a broadly circumscribed
alliance Stipion calamagrostis (class Thlaspietea
rotundifolii), which according to Mucina et al. (2016)
includes the alliance Teucrion montani. The latter
alliance is an alternative option for the classification
of vegetation of low-altitude calcareous screes in
east-central Europe (Valachovič et al., 1997). None
of these alliances has been reported from Ukraine yet
(Solomakha, 2008, Dubyna et al., 2019).
Previously, the species was reported from Ukraine
only from dry grasslands on gypsum bedrock (Koczwara,
1931; Didukh, 2009). These have been classified to the
association Ranunculo zapalowiczii-Helictotrichonetum
desertori described by Kukovitsia et al. (1994). The
association has been assigned to different higher syntaxa
by different authors (Kukovitsia et al., 1994; Didukh,
Korotchenko, 2000; Didukh, Vasheniak, 2018). Based
on its species composition, physiognomy and ecology,
we prefer its original assignment to the order of rocky
steppes Stipo pulcherrimae-Festucetalia pallentis and
the alliance Galio campanulati-Poion versicoloris or to
its more broadly conceived analogue Bromo pannonici-
Festucion csikhegyensis (see Mucina et al., 2016).
In Romania Viola jooi occupies mainly colline
to alpine rock grasslands, outcrops and screes on
calcareous bedrock, often dominated by Festuca pallens,
Helictotrichon decorum, Sesleria heufleriana, S. rigida,
Teucrium montanum or Thymus comosus (Csűrös, Pop,
1965; Doniţă et al., 2005; Šmarda, 2005). The new site
by Ostrynia therefore fits well the ecological amplitude
of the species.
Overview of the studied herbarium specimens
Tlumach Region: Ostrynia: SW-facing open
marlstone scree and adjacent dry grasslands on the
steep slope above the right bank of the Tlumach stream
1.2 km ENE from the church, 250 a.s.l., 48°55′40.9″ N
& 24°59′12.3″ E (P. Dřevojan & J. Roleček, 17.04.2019,
BRNU). – Pałahicze k. Tłumacza, na halawie na
pd. stoku wzgórza na pd. od koty 331 (J. Mądalski,
16.04.1936, KRAM). – Suchodół, folwark Brzezina,
na ścianie pr. brzegu Dniestru w jasnych zaroślach
wśród lasu (J. Mądalski, 20.07.1934, KRAM). –
Suchodół koło Tłumacza, na lesistej ścianie prawego
brzegu jaru Dniestru w miejscach jasnych, stepowych
koło dawnego folw. Brzezina (J. Mądalski, 07.08.1936,
KRAM). – Ivano-Frankovskaya obl., Tlumachskiy r-n.
s. Gerasimov, severnyye krutyye sklony, form. Seslerieta
heuflerianae [Ивано-Франковская обл., Тлумачский
р-н, с. Герасимов, северные крутые склоны, форм.
Seslerieta heuflerianae] (Ya.P. Didukh, 18.05.1979, KW).
Horodenka Region: Czortowiec – step (J.
Dobrzańska, 29.05.1928, KRA). – Podole: Czortowiec
koło Winogradu. Skałki stepowe (Anonymous
[Wycieczka Inst. Bot. U. J.] 29.05.1928, KRAM). –
Pokucie step.: Czortowiec, step z Avena Besseri
na stromem wzgórzu gipsowem (B. Pawłowski,
29.05.1928, KRAM). – Pokucie step.: Czortowiec.
Step z Avena Besseri na stromem zboczu gipsowem
(B. Pawłowski, 29.05.1928, KRAM). – Pokucie stepowe.
Czortowiec (pow. Horodeński). Step z Avena Besseri na
gipsowem, stromem zboczu (B. Pawłowski, 29.05.1928,
KRA). – Pokucie; Czortowiec (A. Kozłowska,
30.05.1928, KRAM). – Czortowiec koło Obertyna, na
stromych halawach na pd. zach. od wsi (J. Mądalski,
25.04.1934, KRAM, KW). – Ivano-Frankovskaya obl.
Gorodenkovskiy r-n. s. Chortovets. Boldy. Kamenistyye
obnazheniya i stepnyye sklony [Ивано-Франковская
обл. Городенковский р-н. с. Чертовец. Болды.
Каменистые обнажения и степные склоны] (Yu.R.
Shelyag-Sosonko & Ya.P. Didukh, 31.07.1977, KW). –
Ivano-Frankovskaya obl, Gorodenkovskiy r-n. s.
Nazarenkovo [= Chortovets], ur. Galdy [= Boldy].
Severnyye krutyye sklony, formatsiya Helictotrichoneta
besserii [Ивано-Франковская обл, Городенковский
531Український ботанічний журнал, 2019, 76(6)
р-н. с. Назаренково [= Чортовец], ур. Галды
[= Болды]. Северные крутые склоны, формация
Helictotrichoneta besserii] (Ya.P. Didukh, 17.05.1979,
KW). – Ivano-Frankivs'ka obl., Horodenkivs'kyy r-n.,
okol. s. Chortovets', ur. Baudy [= Boldy], vapnyakovi
skeli [Івано-Франківська обл., Городенківський
р-н., окол. с. Чортовець, ур. Бауди [= Болди],
вапнякові скелі] (M.M. Fedoronchuk & Ya.P. Didukh,
30.04.2007, KW).
Acknowledgements
We are indebted to Lubov Borsukiewicz, Illia I. Chorney, Yakiv
P. Didukh, Agnieszka Nikel and Marcin Nobis for searching
local herbaria and providing information on the species. Our
thanks also go to Volodymyr Buchko who kindly provided
logistic support during our field research, Ondřej Hájek for
drawing the map, and Anna Kuzemko for useful comments.
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Recommended for publication by Ya.P. Didukh
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