Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic and Stainless Steel
A carbon fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic and stainless steel were joined by the fiber laser. The surface texture effect on the joint was investigated. The abrasive paper scratching is shown to form single directional striae on stainless steel with intermittent ridges. Laser texture processing...
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Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України
2019
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| Цитувати: | Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic and Stainless Steel / L.Y. Sheng, C. Lai, Z. Xu, J. Jiao // Проблеми міцності. — 2019. — № 1. — С. 137-145. — Бібліогр.: 21 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-1883112023-02-23T01:27:18Z Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic and Stainless Steel Sheng, L.Y. Lai, C. Xu, Z. Jiao, J. Научно-технический раздел A carbon fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic and stainless steel were joined by the fiber laser. The surface texture effect on the joint was investigated. The abrasive paper scratching is shown to form single directional striae on stainless steel with intermittent ridges. Laser texture processing creates uniformly distributed microdimples and ridges, which forms a rectangular cellular structure. This processing can improve the fluidity of molten polyphenylene sulfite during laser joining. Laser scanning on stainless steel results in the formation of fusion and heat-affected zones. In the heat-affected zone, lathy ferrite is located along the boundary, while in the fusion zone, ferrite forms the skeletal structure and separates austenite into a cellular structure. The surface texture modification can contribute to the adhesive strength between stainless steel and polyphenylene sulfite through on enlarged contact surface area by forming striae, microdimples, and ridges. As compared to the abrasive paper scratching, the stainless steel/plastic joint with laser texture processing exhibits a higher shear strength. Реактопласт, армированный углеродным волокном, и нержавеющую сталь соединяли с помощью волоконного лазера. Изучено влияние текстуры поверхности на качество соединения. Показано, что царапание абразивной бумагой поверхности нержавеющей стали вызывает появление отдельных направленных бороздок, перемежающихся выступами. Лазерная обработка текстуры приводит к возникновению равномерно распределенных микролунок и выступов, образующих прямоугольную ячеистую структуру. Такая обработка может улучшать текучесть полифениленсульфитного расплава при лазерном соединении. Лазерное сканирование поверхности нержавеющей стали приводит к образованию зон проплавления и термического влияния. В зоне термического влияния игольчатый феррит располагается вдоль границы, тогда как в зоне проплавления он образует скелетную структуру и выделяет аустенит в ячеистую структуру. Модификация текстуры поверхности увеличивает прочность сцепления между нержавеющей сталью и полифениленсульфитом за счет расширения площади поверхности контакта вследствие образования бороздок, микролунок и выступов. Соединение нержавеющая сталь реактопласт после лазерной обработки текстуры по сравнению с царапанием обладает более высоким сопротивлением сдвигу. Реактопласт, армований вуглецевим волокном, і нержавіючу сталь з'єднували за допомогою волоконного лазера. Вивчено вплив текстури поверхні на якість з'єднання. Показано, що дряпання абразивним папером поверхні нержавіючої сталі викликає поява окремих спрямованих борозенок, що перемежовуються виступами. Лазерна обробка текстури призводить до виникнення рівномірно розподілених мікролунок і виступів, що утворюють прямокутну комірчасту структуру. Така обробка може покращувати плинність поліфеніленсульфітного розплаву при лазерному з'єднанні. Лазерне сканування поверхні нержавіючої сталі призводить до утворення зон проплавления і термічного впливу. У зоні термічного впливу голчастий ферит розташовується уздовж кордону, тоді як в зоні проплавлення він утворює кісткову структуру і виділяє аустенит в пористу структуру. Модифікація текстури поверхні збільшує міцність зчеплення між нержавіючої сталлю і поліфеніленсульфітом за рахунок розширення площі поверхні контакту внаслідок утворення борозенок, мікролунок і виступів. З'єднання нержавіюча сталь-реактопласти після лазерної обробки текстури в порівнянні з дряпанням володіє більш високим опором зсуву. 2019 Article Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic and Stainless Steel / L.Y. Sheng, C. Lai, Z. Xu, J. Jiao // Проблеми міцності. — 2019. — № 1. — С. 137-145. — Бібліогр.: 21 назв. — англ. 0556-171X http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/188311 539.4 en Проблемы прочности Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України |
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Научно-технический раздел Научно-технический раздел |
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Научно-технический раздел Научно-технический раздел Sheng, L.Y. Lai, C. Xu, Z. Jiao, J. Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic and Stainless Steel Проблемы прочности |
| description |
A carbon fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic and stainless steel were joined by the fiber laser. The surface texture effect on the joint was investigated. The abrasive paper scratching is shown to form single directional striae on stainless steel with intermittent ridges. Laser texture processing creates uniformly distributed microdimples and ridges, which forms a rectangular cellular structure. This processing can improve the fluidity of molten polyphenylene sulfite during laser joining. Laser scanning on stainless steel results in the formation of fusion and heat-affected zones. In the heat-affected zone, lathy ferrite is located along the boundary, while in the fusion zone, ferrite forms the skeletal structure and separates austenite into a cellular structure. The surface texture modification can contribute to the adhesive strength between stainless steel and polyphenylene sulfite through on enlarged contact surface area by forming striae, microdimples, and ridges. As compared to the abrasive paper scratching, the stainless steel/plastic joint with laser texture processing exhibits a higher shear strength. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Sheng, L.Y. Lai, C. Xu, Z. Jiao, J. |
| author_facet |
Sheng, L.Y. Lai, C. Xu, Z. Jiao, J. |
| author_sort |
Sheng, L.Y. |
| title |
Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic and Stainless Steel |
| title_short |
Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic and Stainless Steel |
| title_full |
Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic and Stainless Steel |
| title_fullStr |
Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic and Stainless Steel |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic and Stainless Steel |
| title_sort |
effect of the surface texture on laser joining of a carbon fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic and stainless steel |
| publisher |
Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| topic_facet |
Научно-технический раздел |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/188311 |
| citation_txt |
Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic and Stainless Steel / L.Y. Sheng, C. Lai, Z. Xu, J. Jiao // Проблеми міцності. — 2019. — № 1. — С. 137-145. — Бібліогр.: 21 назв. — англ. |
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Проблемы прочности |
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UDC 539.4
Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining of a Carbon Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting Plastic and Stainless Steel
L. Y. Sheng,
a,1
C. Lai,
a
Z. Xu,
b
and J. Jiao
b
a Shenzhen Institute, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
b Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo,
China
1 lysheng@yeah.net
A carbon fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic and stainless steel were joined by the fiber laser. The
surface texture effect on the joint was investigated. The abrasive paper scratching is shown to form
single directional striae on stainless steel with intermittent ridges. Laser texture processing creates
uniformly distributed microdimples and ridges, which forms a rectangular cellular structure. This
processing can improve the fluidity of molten polyphenylene sulfite during laser joining. Laser scanning
on stainless steel results in the formation of fusion and heat-affected zones. In the heat-affected zone,
lathy ferrite is located along the boundary, while in the fusion zone, ferrite forms the skeletal structure
and separates austenite into a cellular structure. The surface texture modification can contribute to the
adhesive strength between stainless steel and polyphenylene sulfite through on enlarged contact
surface area by forming striae, microdimples, and ridges. As compared to the abrasive paper scratching,
the stainless steel/plastic joint with laser texture processing exhibits a higher shear strength.
Keywords: laser joining, carbon fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic (CFRTP), stainless
steel, microstructure, surface texture.
Introduction. Recently, the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has received a
great attention, because of its advantages, such as high specific stiffness, excellent
corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratios and good environmental degradation
etc. [1]. Therefore, it has been applied as the structural material in many fields, such as
aerospace, automotive, concrete structure and so on [2, 3]. However, during the application
of CFRP, it is inevitable to encounter the problem how to join CFRP with metal based
components. The mechanical joining is a convenient way with high efficiency [4]. However,
due to the characteristics of the CFRP, the conventional mechanical joining could not join
the CFRP on metal without the damage on carbon fiber [5]. The research on the double-lap
joints of aluminum and CFRP laminate by rivets arrays exhibited that the initial delamination
near the CFRP hole edge could promote the propagation of crack or delamination [6]. The
previous research [7] showed that the adhesive bonding could join the CFRP and metal
without any damage on the CFRP, but the long cure processing, high cost, low bonding
strength restricted its application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the processing
technology without damage on carbon fiber and polymer.
The polyphenylene sulfite (PPS) based carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP)
is a kind of carbon fiber reinforced polymer with good thermo-process feature and the main
advantages of CFRP, so it can be joined with the metal by thermal processing. The recent
study exhibited the CFRTP and metal could be joined together by friction stir method,
which took use of heat from the friction stirring metal to melt the CFRTP and fix metal and
CFRTP [8]. Though the friction stir could decrease the damage of the CFRTP, the stress
would concentrate along the friction stirred hole and then lead to the failure of the CFRTP.
Therefore, a kind of processing method is needed to join the CFRTP and metal with less
effect on the joint. Katayama and Kawahito [9] exhibited that the direct laser irradiate on
stainless steel could generate a Cr2O3 transition layer on interface of plastic/stainless steel.
© L. Y. SHENG, C. LAI, Z. XU, J. JIAO, 2019
ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìè ì³öíîñò³, 2019, ¹ 1 137
Moreover, the research of Tan et al. [10] revealed that the existence of Cr layer on the steel
surface enhanced the shear strength of the CFRP/steel joint by the Cr-O-PA6T bonding
along joint interface. In addition, the recent research demonstrated that the machined
microgrooves on the metal surface increased the strength of laser joining plastic/aluminum
joint to 24 MPa [11]. However, the plastic without strengthening fiber could not represent
the typical CFRTP, since the presence of carbon fiber influenced the heat transfer. Moreover,
the microdimples on metal surface might lead to the formation of air bubbles in the joint. It
was necessary to investigate the effect of surface morphology on laser joining of CFRTP
and metal. Therefore, the stainless with different surface morphology was fabricated and
joined with CFRTP by fiber laser in the present research. Moreover, microstructure and
morphology of stainless steel, joint interface and shear strength of the joint were investigate.
1. Experimental Procedures. In the present study, the CFRTP panels with PPS
matrix reinforced by T700 carbon fibers were cut into the size of 50 30 3� � mm. The
CFRTP is composed by PPS matrix and 15 layers T700 carbon fibers, which is weaved
with intersected structure. The carbon fiber is wrapped by the PPS and the average
thickness of single layer is 200 �m. The 304 stainless steel specimens with size of
50 30 2� � mm were prepared. Some stainless steel plates were scratched by the 400#
abrasive paper to increase the roughness, and some stainless steel plates were processed by
laser to form the surface texture. Table 1 presents the chemical composition of the 304
stainless steel.
The joining of stainless steel and CFRTP was conducted by a fiber laser welding
system. This system comprises 1410RABB robot, 500 W fiber laser (continuous wave laser
machine and the wavelength is 1080 nm), laser processing head (the focal length is 120 mm),
air-actuated clamp and cooling system [12]. Firstly, the CFRTP overlaid with PPS additive
on surface was placed on the laser welding system and the stainless steel plate was placed
above the PPS additive. After then, the stainless steel, PPS additive and CFRTP were
clamped by the air-actuated clamp which had a groove with size of 60 10 5� � mm in the
upper one. The clamping pressure could be adjusted by controlling the air-actuator. During
the laser joining, the laser beam would scan on the surface of stainless steel in the groove
with the argon gas flow velocity of 30 l/min. The laser power, laser scanning speed,
clamping pressure, and thickness of PPS additive were 320 W, 5 mm/s, 0.5 MPa, and
200 �m, respectively. The defocusing distance was �20 mm and the laser beam diameter
was 500 �m.
The specimen for cross-sectional observation was cut from the stainless steel and
CFRTP joint and polished by the conventional metallographic method. The KEYENCE
VX-X200 CLSM was employed to analyze the surface of the stainless steel. The Phenom
Pro SEM was employed to observe the microstructure of laser scanned stainless steel and
the morphology of joint interface. In the present research, the tensile test was performed on
the UTM4304 electronic universal testing machine to obtain the shear strength. The shear
strength test was referred to the GB/T7124-86 and ASTM F2255-2005(2010) standards.
The tensile tests were carried out in air with the initial strain rate of 2 10 3
�
� s�1 at room
temperature. Three specimens were tested under the same conditions to obtain the shear
strength data. The Stemi 2000 OM was applied to observe the debonding surface of tensile
specimens.
L. Y. Sheng, C. Lai, Z. Xu, and J. Jiao
138 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìè ì³öíîñò³, 2019, ¹ 1
T a b l e 1
Chemical Composition of the 304 Stainless Steel (wt.%)
C Mn Si Ni Cr S P Fe
0.07 0.78 0.56 8.10 18.33 0.006 0.032 Balanced
2. Results and Discussion. The morphology of the stainless steel scratched by the
abrasive paper is shown in Fig. 1. It can be found that the short-time processing by abrasive
paper has formed the furrows with the same directions, as shown in Fig. 1a. Moreover, the
furrows are stopped by the promontory intermittently. The surface morphology analyzed by
the CLSM exhibits that the furrows and promontory distribute irregularly, as shown in Fig. 1b.
The calculated roughness of the abrasive paper scratch stainless steel is about 0.7 �m.
Further observations on the stainless steel scratched by abrasive paper reveal that the size
of the furrow differs greatly, as shown in Fig. 1c, d. It can be found that the stainless steel
surface has experienced obvious deformation. There are rheology features along the ridge
and stripping pits also demonstrate the crack failure with high stress concentration. The
surface topography analysis also exhibits existence of promontory and the difference of the
furrows.
The observation results of the laser-processed stainless steel are visualized in Fig. 2.
Clearly, the laser processing has generated uniform texture on the stainless steel surface, as
shown in Fig. 2a. The microdimples and ridges distribute uniformly and exhibit rectangular
array structure. The size of the microdimple ranges from 5 10� to 15 25� �m. The surface
topography analysis confirms the existence of regular distribution of microdimples and
ridges, as shown in Fig. 2b. The calculated roughness of the laser processed stainless steel
is about 6 �m. The further observation on the laser processed stainless steel reveals that
there is obvious metallurgical behavior, as shown in Fig. 2c. The lath-like microstructure on
the surface of ridges demonstrates the happening of phase transformation, which may be
attributed to the rapid solidification during the laser processing. According to previous
researches [13], the rapid solidification could result in the formation of martensitic phase.
The surface topography analysis reveals that the depths of the microdimples are quite
similar, as shown in Fig. 2d.
The typical microstructures of PPS based CFRTP and PPS additive are shown in Fig. 3.
Clearly, the PPS-based CFRTP is mainly composed of black-grey carbon fibers and
white-grey PPS matrix, as shown in Fig. 3a. The carbon fibers are overlapped layer-by-
layer, while most carbon fibers are packed and bonded together by PPS. Based on the
Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining ...
ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìè ì³öíîñò³, 2019, ¹ 1 139
Fig. 1. Morphology of the stainless steel surface scratched by abrasive paper: (a) low magnification;
(b) surface topography analysis of (a); (c) high magnification; (d) surface topography analysis of (c).
macroscopic observation, carbon fibers are weaved as decussate structure. The layer of
carbon fiber is about 200 �m in thickness. The observation on the layer of carbon fiber
shows that they have the average size of 6 �m in diameter. The observation on the torn PPS
based CFRTP exhibits that the carbon fiber has good integrity with regular arrangement. The
SEM observation on the PPS additive reveals that the wires of PPS are overlapped
randomly and there is relative high porosity, as shown in Fig. 3b. Based on the SEM image,
the PPS wire has the size of 20–30 �m in diameter.
The macrograph of the laser-processed stainless steel/CFRTP joint is shown in Fig. 4.
Clearly, the laser scanning results in the ignited feature in the stainless steel which has
obvious oxidation on the track of laser scanning, as shown in Fig. 4a. The observation on
the interface of the laser-joined CFRTP and stainless steel reveals that the morphology of
stainless steel could exert some influence on the fluidity of PPS additive. The abrasive
paper scratched stainless steel contributes little on the fluidity of PPS additive, as shown in
Fig. 4b. Such a phenomenon may be attributed to the small size and single direction of the
furrow on the stainless steel. The texture processed by laser on the stainless steel improves
140 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìè ì³öíîñò³, 2019, ¹ 1
L. Y. Sheng, C. Lai, Z. Xu, and J. Jiao
Fig. 2. Morphology of the stainless steel surface texture processed by laser: (a) low magnification;
(b) surface topography analysis of (a); (c) high magnification; (d) surface topography analysis of (c).
Fig. 3. Morphology of the PPS based CFRTP and PPS additive: (a) morphology of the CFRTP with
the overlapping of carbon fibers; (b) morphology of the PPS additive.
the fluidity of PPS additive, as shown Fig. 4c. It can be seen that some melted PPS additive
has flowed out of the gap and spread on the adjacent stainless steel, which may be
attributed to the rectangular array structure formed by the microdimples and ridges.
According to the recent research [12], the laser scanned surface of the steel would reach
1800 �m and the interface of the stainless steel and CFRTP would reach 400 �m. That
indicates the heat from the laser scanning would be exceeded for the melting of the PPS
additive. Then it can ensure the PPS additive and the surface of the CFRTP would be
merged with each other and then bonded with the stainless steel. Therefore, the roughness
of the stainless steel surface is helpful to increase the bonding surface and improve the
bonding strength.
The observation on the laser scanned stainless steel reveals that the laser scanning
influences the microstructure greatly, as shown in Fig. 5. It can be seen that there are fusion
zone and heat-affect zone in the steel, which exhibits hemi-ellipsoidal shape, as shown in
Fig. 5a. The fusion zone is marked by the blue dash line and has the width of about 370 �m
and the depth of about 430 �m. The heat-affected zone embraces the fusion zone and has
the width of 60–140 �m, which is marked between the red dash line and blue dash line.
Such morphologies of fusion and heat-affected zones should be attributed to the focus
position of laser. Based on the microstructure analysis, it can be found that the stainless
steel exhibits homogeneous grain structure with the average size of 20 �m, but the laser
scanning changes the microstructure, as shown in Fig. 5b, c. In the heat-affected zone, the
lathy ferrite mainly precipitates along the original grain boundary or twin boundary, which
separates the original grain and refines the structure. With the observation proceeding to the
fusion zone, the ferrite becomes coarse and increases, which forms the skeletal structure. In
the fusion zone, the skeletal ferrite and cellular austenite is the main characteristic, as
shown in Fig. 5d. Based on the researches [14–16], the microstructure of the fusion zone
and heat-affect zone could be influenced by cooling rate. The higher cooling rate results in
the formation of cellular structure. In the present research, the relative high Cr content and
rapid laser scanning speed would promote the formation of ferrite with intercellular or
interdentritic structure. Therefore, one can see the skeletal ferrite separates the austenite
into small cells. Such a refined structure could contribute to the improvement of strength
[17, 18].
In order to investigate the effect of stainless steel surface morphology on the bonding
force of stainless steel/CFRTP joint, the shear strength of the joints were tested, as shown in
Fig. 6. The stainless steel/CFRTP joint with abrasive paper scratching processing obtains
the shear strength of 14.6 MPa, which is a little higher than that without any surface
treatment [12]. While the laser texture processing increase the shear strength of the
stainless steel/CFRTP joint to 20.6 MPa. The increased shear strength should be attributed
the furrows, microdimples, and ridges formed on the stainless steel surface, because these
microstructures increase the amount of contact surface area. Higher contact surface area
ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìè ì³öíîñò³, 2019, ¹ 1 141
Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining ...
Fig. 4. (a) Macrophotograph of the stainless steel/CFRTP joint; (b) morphology of the joint interface
with scratched surface by abrasive paper; (c) morphology of the joint interface with surface texture.
between stainless steel and PPS additive means higher adhesive strength. Compared with
the abrasive paper scratching, the laser texture processing could increase the contact surface
area obviously by adjusting the depth of microdimple. Therefore, the stainless steel/CFRTP
joint treated by laser texture processing has a higher shear strength.
The observations on the debonding surface of stainless steel/CFRTP joints show that
the fracture mainly extend along the interface of PPS and carbon fiber layer, as shown in
Fig. 7. However, the stainless steel surface morphology influences the fraction of carbon
142 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìè ì³öíîñò³, 2019, ¹ 1
L. Y. Sheng, C. Lai, Z. Xu, and J. Jiao
Fig. 5. Microstructure of the laser-scanned stainless steel: (a) macrophotograph of heat-affected zone
and fusion zone; (b) lathy ferrite along the interface of matrix and heat-affected zone (A position);
(c) skeletal ferrite along the fusion zone boundary (B position); (d) skeletal ferrite and cellular
austenite in fusion zone (C position).
Fig. 6. The shear strength of the stainless steel/CFRTP joints with different stainless steel surface
morphology.
fiber exfoliated from the CFRTP. As shown in the figure, on the debonding surface of joint
with abrasive paper scratching only few carbon fiber is torn from the CFRTP, but on the on
the debonding surface of joint with laser processing texture the bulk carbon fiber layer is
torn from the CFRTP. Such a feature indicates the laser processing texture has increased the
adhesion between stainless steel and CFRTP by the well coalesced PPS additive.
According the recent studies [19–21], the joining between the dissimilar materials is
mainly depended on the initial mechanical bonding. In the present paper, the initial
interface bonding of stainless steel/CFRTP joint includes the PPS/CFRTP and PPS/stainless
steel. Then the surface morphology of stainless steel would play an important role, which
determines the contact surface area and adhesion between stainless steel and PPS additive.
Moreover, the research [6] also reveals that the thermal joining would promote the metal
element diffusion from the stainless steel to melted PPS, which forms the new ion bond
with the molecular bond of PPS and improves the bonding strength between the stainless
steel and CFRTP. To achieve such a objective, the melted PPS should be attached to the
stainless steel closely and cooperated with some additive. Therefore the contact surface
area between the stainless steel and PPS become so important, which could determine the
interface adhesive strength and influence the shear strength. The laser texture processing
treatment could increase the contact surface area and increase the adhesive strength
between stainless steel and PPS. Moreover, the increased contact surface area also
promotes the increase of ion bond. Therefore, the laser texture processing could improve
the shear strength of the stainless steel/CFRTP joint. Furthermore, the laser texture
processing forms the cross-linking structure, which is beneficial to the flow of melted PPS
and help the uniform distribution of PPS additive. The well-distributed melted PPS additive
between the stainless steel and CFRTP also contributes to the improvement of the shear
strength. Therefore, the stainless steel/CFRTP joint with laser texture processing treatment
obtains a better shear strength value.
C o n c l u s i o n s
1. The abrasive paper scratching could generate the single directional furrows on the
stainless steel with intermittent break by promontories. The laser texture processing forms
the uniformly distributed microdimples and ridges. The laser texture processing could
improve the fluidity of the melted PPS during laser joining.
2. The laser scanning on the stainless steel forms the fusion zone and heat-affected
zone. In the heat-affected zone, the lathy ferrite precipitates along the boundary, while in
the fusion zone, the ferrite forms the skeletal structure and separates the austenite into small
cellular structure.
ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìè ì³öíîñò³, 2019, ¹ 1 143
Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining ...
Fig. 7. Debonding surface of the stainless steel/CFRTP joints with different stainless steel surface
morphology: (a) scratched by abrasive paper; (b) surface texture processed by laser.
3. The abrasive paper scratching and laser texture processing could improve the shear
strength of the stainless steel/CFRTP joint, which should be ascribed to the increased
contact surface area by forming furrow, microdimple and ridge. Compared with the
abrasive paper scratching, the stainless steel/CFRTP joint with laser texture processing
obtains a better shear strength.
Acknowledgments. The authors are grateful to the support of Shenzhen Basic Research
Project (JCYJ20150529162228734, JCYJ20170815153143221, JCYJ20150625155931806,
JCYJ20160427100211076 and JCYJ20160427170611414, JCYJ20170306141506805).
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Received 15. 03. 2018
ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìè ì³öíîñò³, 2019, ¹ 1 145
Effect of the Surface Texture on Laser Joining ...
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/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing. Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
>>
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(Common)
(1.0)
]
/OtherNamespaces [
<<
/AsReaderSpreads false
/CropImagesToFrames true
/ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
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/IncludeNonPrinting false
/IncludeSlug false
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(InDesign)
(4.0)
]
/OmitPlacedBitmaps false
/OmitPlacedEPS false
/OmitPlacedPDF false
/SimulateOverprint /Legacy
>>
<<
/AddBleedMarks false
/AddColorBars false
/AddCropMarks false
/AddPageInfo false
/AddRegMarks false
/ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK
/DestinationProfileName ()
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/Downsample16BitImages true
/FlattenerPreset <<
/PresetSelector /MediumResolution
>>
/FormElements false
/GenerateStructure false
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/MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
/Namespace [
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(CreativeSuite)
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]
/PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/PreserveEditing true
/UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
/UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
/UseDocumentBleed false
>>
]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
/HWResolution [2400 2400]
/PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice
|