Some questions of methodology for conducting tests of radiation protection of armored objects
The results of approbation of the methodology for laboratory testing a materials for armored objects radiation protection by determining their half-value layer for nuclear radiations, which are typical for the main situations of the radiation factor effect in modern conditions, are presented.
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irk-123456789-1945642023-11-27T16:24:36Z Some questions of methodology for conducting tests of radiation protection of armored objects Dovbnya, A.N. Starenky, V.P. Goncharov, I.G. Cherniavskіy, I.Y. Anashkin, O.A. Vlasenko, V.O. Ovcharenko, K.S. Nuclear-physical methods and processing of data The results of approbation of the methodology for laboratory testing a materials for armored objects radiation protection by determining their half-value layer for nuclear radiations, which are typical for the main situations of the radiation factor effect in modern conditions, are presented. Представлені результати апробації методології лабораторних випробувань матеріалів протирадіаційного захисту бронеоб’єкту шляхом визначення їх шару половинного ослаблення до ядерних випромінювань, які характерні для основних ситуацій впливу радіаційного фактора у сучасних умовах. Представлены результаты апробации методологии лабораторных испытаний материалов противорадиационной защиты бронеобъектов путем определения их слоя половинного ослабления к ядерным излучениям, которые характерны для основных ситуаций воздействия радиационного фактора в современных условиях. 2020 Article Some questions of methodology for conducting tests of radiation protection of armored objects / A.N. Dovbnya, V.P. Starenky, I.G. Goncharov, I.Y. Cherniavskіy, O.A. Anashkin, V.O. Vlasenko, K.S. Ovcharenko // Problems of atomic science and tecnology. — 2020. — № 5. — С. 41-45. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 06.60Wa, 87.50.Pr, 06.70.Ep http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/194564 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Nuclear-physical methods and processing of data Nuclear-physical methods and processing of data |
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Nuclear-physical methods and processing of data Nuclear-physical methods and processing of data Dovbnya, A.N. Starenky, V.P. Goncharov, I.G. Cherniavskіy, I.Y. Anashkin, O.A. Vlasenko, V.O. Ovcharenko, K.S. Some questions of methodology for conducting tests of radiation protection of armored objects Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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The results of approbation of the methodology for laboratory testing a materials for armored objects radiation protection by determining their half-value layer for nuclear radiations, which are typical for the main situations of the radiation factor effect in modern conditions, are presented. |
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Article |
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Dovbnya, A.N. Starenky, V.P. Goncharov, I.G. Cherniavskіy, I.Y. Anashkin, O.A. Vlasenko, V.O. Ovcharenko, K.S. |
| author_facet |
Dovbnya, A.N. Starenky, V.P. Goncharov, I.G. Cherniavskіy, I.Y. Anashkin, O.A. Vlasenko, V.O. Ovcharenko, K.S. |
| author_sort |
Dovbnya, A.N. |
| title |
Some questions of methodology for conducting tests of radiation protection of armored objects |
| title_short |
Some questions of methodology for conducting tests of radiation protection of armored objects |
| title_full |
Some questions of methodology for conducting tests of radiation protection of armored objects |
| title_fullStr |
Some questions of methodology for conducting tests of radiation protection of armored objects |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Some questions of methodology for conducting tests of radiation protection of armored objects |
| title_sort |
some questions of methodology for conducting tests of radiation protection of armored objects |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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2020 |
| topic_facet |
Nuclear-physical methods and processing of data |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/194564 |
| citation_txt |
Some questions of methodology for conducting tests of radiation protection of armored objects / A.N. Dovbnya, V.P. Starenky, I.G. Goncharov, I.Y. Cherniavskіy, O.A. Anashkin, V.O. Vlasenko, K.S. Ovcharenko // Problems of atomic science and tecnology. — 2020. — № 5. — С. 41-45. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
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Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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SOME QUESTIONS OF METHODOLOGY FOR
CONDUCTING TESTS OF RADIATION PROTECTION OF
ARMORED OBJECTS
A.N.Dovbnya1, V. P. Starenky2∗, I. G.Goncharov1, I. Y.Cherniavskiy3,
O.A.Anashkin4, V.O.Vlasenko4, K. S.Ovcharenko2
1National Science Center ”Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology”, 61108 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
2S.P.Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology of National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine;
3Military Institute of Tank Troops of the National Technical University ”KhPI”, Kharkiv, Ukraine;
4Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau, Kharkiv, Ukraine
(Received October 17, 2018)
The results of approbation of the methodology for laboratory testing a materials for armored objects‘ radiation
protection by determining their half-value layer for nuclear radiations, which are typical for the main situations of
the radiation factor effect in modern conditions, are presented.
PACS: 06.60Wa, 87.50.Pr, 06.70.Ep
1. INTRODUCTION
Using composite (layered) materials with a low ion-
izing radiation-transmission factor, in particular hy-
drogenous polymers with the addition of boron or
lithium is the main direction for radiation pro-
tection (RP) increasing [1]. According to the
cost-effectiveness criterion, for improving a RP of
some types of vehicles, an additional protection ele-
ments manufactured using specific materials (borated
polyethylene with polyisobutylene and with admix-
tures of bromine and lead compound) as the lining
and applique are used instead homogeneous mate-
rials. For increasing attenuation degree of cumula-
tive dose corresponded to gamma neutron penetrat-
ing radiation to 3...3.5 times, it is necessary in average
300...400 kg of RP material, which leads to essential
worsening the combat vehicle tactical performance
specifications. At the same time mass-dimensional
parameters of combat vehicles‘ RP (connected with
protective properties of materials proposed by man-
ufacturers) depend on energy spectrum of effecting
momentary radiation, and as literature analysis show
[2-4] on neutron spectrum (type of nuclear charge),
and on spectrum of capture (secondary) gamma rays.
Certainly, an experimental estimating the protec-
tive properties of RP materials must be carried out
using the most dangerous (hard) radiation compo-
nent, in order to determine the compliance of the
technical protective characteristics of the test sample
with the requirements specified in regulatory docu-
ments. In practice, this problem, as well as a compre-
hensive estimation of a vehicle protective properties
in extreme situations (complex radiation situation),
is presented a complex scientific and technical prob-
lem. In our opinion, aforementioned first of all is
connected with the following:
- necessity for detailed information on spatial dis-
tribution of all the penetrating radiation components
of different ammunition, on their angular and power
distribution on the ground surface. For optimizing
RP it is advisable to single out not only most hard
radiation component but also to take into account
spectral distribution of considered radiation accord-
ing to exposure intensity. In the known literature the
solution of this problem is not described in detail;
- correct selection of the appropriate radiation
sources, as well as geometrical conditions for mea-
surement. Imitation of the radiation power compo-
sition can be carried out either based on using the
nuclide gamma and neutron sources and accelerators,
radiation energy of which is commensurable with the
energy of corresponded radiation components (indi-
vidual energy groups), or nuclear reactors which allow
reproducing the energy of radiation spectrum in wide
band.
It should also be noted that in order to correctly
assess the combat crew’s ability to function, depend-
ing on the level of protection, it is of interest not
only to use effective protective materials that reduce
secondary gamma radiation, but also estimating the
ratio of the neutron radiation dose to the gamma ra-
diation one inside the armored object. The processes
of such fields‘ formation inside the armored objects
have not been studied enough, and the unevenness of
the combat crew’s irradiation created by the simul-
∗Corresponding author E-mail address: imr@ukr.net
ISSN 1562-6016. PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2020, N5(129).
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (74), p.41-45.
41
taneous attenuation of several radiation components
by the protective material has not been described in
known literature, and requires further research.
Proceeding from the aforementioned, in this work,
first in Ukraine, the results of approbation the
methodology for the preproduction testing the ma-
terials developed for armored objects‘ RP are pre-
sented. Proposed methodology is based on determin-
ing the materials‘ half-value layer (HVL) to nuclear
radiations, which are typical for the main situations
of the radiation factor influence in modern conditions.
Moreover, taking into account the experience of
liquidation accident at the Chernobyl atomic power-
station, and other atomic stations in the world with
the use of army equipment, as well as probable sce-
narios of military conflicts with the use of modern
low-power nuclear weapon, the methodology of the
experimental estimating the protective properties of
the developed RP materials for improving the effi-
ciency of armored objects in a complex radiation sit-
uation, is extremely relevant.
2. MAIN RESULTS
To investigate the RP materials‘ properties, we tested
the using in the laboratory the plutonium-beryl neu-
tron source (Pu − Be) with a fast neutron flux of
105 neutrons/s in a solid angle of 4π. The source of
(Pu−Be) radiation with sizes of 2×3 cm was placed
in tin cylindrical container (22 × 22 cm) filed with
paraffin and having cylindrical bore for the source.
The scheme used for investigating the RP proper-
ties of the materials is shown in Fig.1. The main
element of the scheme is the dosimeter-radiometer
MKS-AT1117M (MKC-AT1117M) allowed to regis-
ter the energy of neutron radiation from 0.025 eV
to 14MeV using intellectual detection block on the
base of tube counter.
Fig.1. Scheme which have used for measure-
ments. 1 – Pu-Be source of neutrons in container;
2 – test specimen; 3 – detection block BDKN-03;
4 – information processing block
As the test RP specimens we used layered materi-
als described in monograph [1]: 21F/17F which is
not contain lead, but consist of 20% of polyethylene
and 80% of polyisobutylene (POV-20); 22F/17F con-
taining ∼ 50% of lead (by mass) and 0.3...0.5% of
boron (POF20/50). Measurements of the ambient
dose rate (ADR) of neutron radiation without a test
sample, with various neutron protection samples, in-
cluding combinations of two samples, were carried
out. To achieve an acceptable statistical uncertainty
of 2.8...3.6%, the measurement time was chosen to be
at least 30 minutes. Attenuation of neutron radiation
ADR Katt was calculated as the ratio of ADR with-
out sample and with it. Results of measurements, as
well as calculated by graph-analytic method HVLs
for RP materials (Fig.2) are presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Results of investigating the material‘s properties against
neutron radiation 4.5 MeV
Thickness
Sample of the ADR, Attenuation ln Katt HVL,
Sample, µSv/h Katt cm
cm
Without sample 15.4
1a 2.7 12.8 1.193 0.176 14.2
1a+1b 5.4 9.6 1.604 0.472
2a 4.7 9.9 1.555 0.441 7.8
2a+2b 9.4 5.8 2.655 0.976
3a 2 13.9 1.107 0.101 22
3a+3b 4 11.5 1.339 0.291
4a 5 9.6 1.604 0.472 8.5
4a+4b 10 6.0 2.566 0.942
5a 6 9.1 1.623 0.484 6
5a+5b 12 4.5 3.422 1.230
6a 4 11.3 1.362 0.308 9.5
6a+6b 8 7.2 2.138 0.759
42
Fig.2. Determination of the HVLs for RP materials
The 5a (5b) (21F/17F) sample with a HVL of 6 cm
has the highest efficiency to attenuate the 4.5MeV
neutron radiation. At the same time investigating
the protective properties of the considered materials
under the influence of fast neutrons having energy of
14MeV remain to be a topical.
The analysis showed that the materials for ar-
mored objects‘ RP should simultaneously slow down
both fast neutrons to the level of thermal neutrons,
absorb neutrons (for preventing the occurrence of sec-
ondary gamma radiation), and stave off further prop-
agation of the primary gamma radiation. Solving
aforementioned tasks implies the combination of the
hydrogen-containing materials‘ properties possessing
a high ability to slow neutrons, and heavy materi-
als that effectively protect against the influence of
gamma quanta in one sample. Than, let us consider
the possible energy parameters of the gamma com-
ponent.
In our work, for investigating the RP materials‘
properties as applied to the gamma component, we
have tested the using a various labware for modeling
the influence of the radiation factor characterizing
various situations. Laboratory setup (on the base of
linear accelerator Varian Clinac 600C) having photon
energy of 6MeV , simulating inelastic scattering and
capture gamma rays in air, is presented in Fig.3.
Fig.3. System based on Varian Clinac 600C and dosimetric system UNIDOSE (PTW)
The measurements were carried out using a clin-
ical dosimeter UNIDOSE (PTW) at a distance of
100 cm from the linear accelerator. Reference dose
made value 1.026Gy, and exposure time was chosen
20 s. A component of instantaneous gamma radia-
tion from a nuclear explosion was modeled using a
γ-therapeutic device ROCUS-AM, with an energy of
1.25MeV (reference dose 2.064 cGy, exposure time
50 s). Gamma radiation caused by fragments of nu-
clear fission was simulated using an X-ray simulator
Varian Acuity, with the energy of 100 keV (reference
dose 0.346Gy, exposure time 58 s). Measurement re-
sults and calculated HVLs of RP materials for radia-
tions with energy of 6, 1.25, 0.661, and 0.1MeV are
shown in Table 2.
Testing of the RP samples‘ properties as applied
to radiation with an energy of 0.661MeV was carried
out by determining the counting rate (in pulses per
minute) with a tube counter (SBM-20 supply volt-
age 550V ) and using a scaling dosimetric instrument
DP-100AD with a total error of ±5%. The measure-
ment time providing an acceptable statistical error
made value 1min. Isotope Cs − 137 was chosen as
a source of ionizing radiation. Estimating HVLs was
carried out using an analogous technique used for the
neutron component (see Fig.2).
The analysis of the obtained data about the prop-
erties of RP materials as applied to possible gamma-
ray energies confirms the general regularities con-
cerned to attenuation of photon radiation with var-
ious energies. The complex assessment of the ma-
terials‘ protective properties as applied to two com-
ponents of gamma-neutron radiation allows to pick
out the sample having number 5 (material 21F/17F)
with the best protective properties, both against the
4.5MeV neutron component (HVL 6 cm) and when
exposed to photon radiation 6; 1.25; 0.661; 0.1MeV
(HVLs 16, 11, 10, and 3 cm, respectively). The re-
sults of the investigating the composition of this
material by the methods of X-ray-fluorescence spec-
tral analysis and Compton scattering of X-rays using
the energy-dispersive spectrometer ”Sprut” SEF01
43
showed the presence of lead more than 50% of the
mass. To assess the nonuniformity of the irradiating
the armored object combat crew, it is expedient to
calculate the ratio of the HVLs for a given material
to the effects of neutron and gamma radiation. For
the described above energy characteristics of the ra-
diation factor (En = 4.5MeV and Eγ = 6MeV ),
the coefficient of nonuniformity for sample N5 can
make value 0.37. For the energy characteristics of
En = 4.5MeV and Eγ = 1.25MeV , the aforemen-
tioned coefficient for the same sample is 0.54.
Thus, the inherent features of the protective prop-
erties of materials as applied to the components of
pulsed gamma-neutron radiation of the penetrating
radiation will determine the nonuniformity of irradi-
ation of the armored object combat crew.
Table 2. Results of testing the RP material properties as applied to gamma radiation with energy
6, 1.25, 0.661, and 0.1MeV
Influence of penetrating radiation
caused by nuclear explosion
Influence of radioactive contamination of ground
Sample 6 MeV 1.25 MeV (Co-60) 0.661 MeV (Cs-137) 0.1 MeV
Counting
Doze, HVL, cm Doze, HVL, cm rate, HVL, cm Doze, HVL, cm
Gy Gy pulses/min cGy
Without 1.026 0.346 1355 2.064
sample
1a 0.91 29 0.29 18 1068 11 0.12 <1
1a+1b 0.79 0.23 742 0.10
2a 0.91 25.5 0.28 17 1087 14 1.14 6.8
2a+2b 0.77 0.22 826 0.64
3a 0.99 81 0.32 57 1469 43 1.53 13
3a+3b 0.94 0.30 1.12 1334
4a 0.82 14.6 0.25 10.5 1024 7 0.44 7.5
4a+4b 0.62 0.17 542 0.37
5a 0.85 16 0.26 11 963 10 0.44 3
5a+5b 0.66 0.18 662 0.17
6a 0.93 31.5 0.30 23 1160 21.8 1.93 14
6a+6b 0.82 0.25 975 1.39
3. CONCLUSIONS
1. The analysis of data in known literature shown
that the material for armored object’s RP must have
universal qualities – simultaneously to slow down
fast neutrons to thermal level, to absorb neutrons,
and prevent further propagation of secondary gamma
quanta. Aforementioned involves the combination
in one material a hydrogen-containing elements that
slow neutrons, and heavy components which effec-
tively protect against the action of gamma quanta.
2. For the first time in Ukraine, the methodol-
ogy for laboratory testing the materials designed for
armored objects‘ RP has been approved by determin-
ing their HVL, which is an important characteristic
of biological protection of the material for a certain
energy spectrum and ionizing radiation type.
3. Taking into account the structural features of
the composite materials possessing protective proper-
ties against gamma and neutron radiation, it is advis-
able to create databases of HVLs, for the maximum
possible values of energies. Such a database will al-
low to optimize the design of an armored object for
a variety of variants of the radiation factor influence.
References
1. V.A.Grigorian, Ye.G.Udin, I.I. Terehin, et al.
Tank Protection / Ed. V.A.Grigoriana. Moscow:
”Bauman Moscow State technical University”,
2007, 327 p.
2. V.V. Perevezentsev. Fundamentals of Engineer-
ing Methods for calculating protection from
ionizing radiation of nuclear facilities / Ed.
R.S.Demeshev. Tutorial. Moscow: ”Bauman
Moscow State technical University”, 1994, 68 p.
3. Yu.N.Tarasenko. Ionizing Methods for Dosime-
try of a High-Level Ionizing Radiation. Moscow:
”Technosfere”, 2013, 264 p.
4. The Physics of Nuclear Explosion. Explosion De-
velopment / Russian Federation Ministry of De-
fense. Central Physical and Technical Institute.
Moscow: ”Nauka, Fizmatlit”, 1997, v.1, 528 p.
44
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À.À.Àíàøêèí, Â.À.Âëàñåíêî, Ê.Ñ.Îâ÷àðåíêî
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À.Ì.Äîâáíÿ, Â.Ï.Ñòàðåíüêèé, I. Ã. Ãîí÷àðîâ, I.Þ.×åðíÿâñüêèé,
À.Î.Àíàøêií, Â.Î.Âëàñåíêî, Ê.Ñ.Îâ÷àðåíêî
Ïðåäñòàâëåíi ðåçóëüòàòè àïðîáàöi¨ ìåòîäîëîãi¨ ëàáîðàòîðíèõ âèïðîáóâàíü ìàòåðiàëiâ ïðîòèðàäiàöié-
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