Acceleration of compensated high-current ion beam with cusp magnetic electron insulation in the accelerating gap and subsequent compensation with an electron beam
2.5D simulation of the process of the magnetic isolation of electrons and the acceleration of ions when injecting a high-current ion beam, compensated by an electron beam, into a magnetic cusp with an accelerating gap, followed by its re-compensation by another electron beam and transportation along...
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irk-123456789-1961552023-12-10T19:15:57Z Acceleration of compensated high-current ion beam with cusp magnetic electron insulation in the accelerating gap and subsequent compensation with an electron beam Fedorovskaya, O.V. Maslov, V.I. Onishchenko, I.N. Linear charged-particle accelerators (theory and technology) 2.5D simulation of the process of the magnetic isolation of electrons and the acceleration of ions when injecting a high-current ion beam, compensated by an electron beam, into a magnetic cusp with an accelerating gap, followed by its re-compensation by another electron beam and transportation along the drift region with a longitudinal magnetic field, was carried out. The dependence of the characteristics of the accelerated and compensated ion beam at the drift region exit upon the set of initial parameters of the ion and electron beams and the values of the magnetic and accelerating electric fields was considered. 2.5D числовим моделюванням досліджено процес магнітної ізоляції електронів і прискорення іонів при інжекції сильноточного іонного пучка, компенсованого електронним пучком, у магнітний касп з прискорюючим зазором і подальшою повторною компенсацією електронним пучком для транспортування в дрейфовій області з однорідним магнітом. Розглянуто залежність характеристик прискореного та скомпенсованого іонного пучка на виході дрейфової області від набору початкових параметрів іонного та електронних пучків та величин магнітного та прискорюючого електричного полів. 2023 Article Acceleration of compensated high-current ion beam with cusp magnetic electron insulation in the accelerating gap and subsequent compensation with an electron beam / O.V. Fedorovskaya, V.I. Maslov, I.N. Onishchenko // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. — 2023. — № 3. — С. 116-119. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 41.75.-i, 52.40.Mj, 52.58.Hm, 52.59.-f, 52.65.Rr DOI: https://doi.org/10.46813/2023-145-116 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/196155 en Problems of Atomic Science and Technology Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Linear charged-particle accelerators (theory and technology) Linear charged-particle accelerators (theory and technology) |
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Linear charged-particle accelerators (theory and technology) Linear charged-particle accelerators (theory and technology) Fedorovskaya, O.V. Maslov, V.I. Onishchenko, I.N. Acceleration of compensated high-current ion beam with cusp magnetic electron insulation in the accelerating gap and subsequent compensation with an electron beam Problems of Atomic Science and Technology |
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2.5D simulation of the process of the magnetic isolation of electrons and the acceleration of ions when injecting a high-current ion beam, compensated by an electron beam, into a magnetic cusp with an accelerating gap, followed by its re-compensation by another electron beam and transportation along the drift region with a longitudinal magnetic field, was carried out. The dependence of the characteristics of the accelerated and compensated ion beam at the drift region exit upon the set of initial parameters of the ion and electron beams and the values of the magnetic and accelerating electric fields was considered. |
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Article |
| author |
Fedorovskaya, O.V. Maslov, V.I. Onishchenko, I.N. |
| author_facet |
Fedorovskaya, O.V. Maslov, V.I. Onishchenko, I.N. |
| author_sort |
Fedorovskaya, O.V. |
| title |
Acceleration of compensated high-current ion beam with cusp magnetic electron insulation in the accelerating gap and subsequent compensation with an electron beam |
| title_short |
Acceleration of compensated high-current ion beam with cusp magnetic electron insulation in the accelerating gap and subsequent compensation with an electron beam |
| title_full |
Acceleration of compensated high-current ion beam with cusp magnetic electron insulation in the accelerating gap and subsequent compensation with an electron beam |
| title_fullStr |
Acceleration of compensated high-current ion beam with cusp magnetic electron insulation in the accelerating gap and subsequent compensation with an electron beam |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Acceleration of compensated high-current ion beam with cusp magnetic electron insulation in the accelerating gap and subsequent compensation with an electron beam |
| title_sort |
acceleration of compensated high-current ion beam with cusp magnetic electron insulation in the accelerating gap and subsequent compensation with an electron beam |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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2023 |
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Linear charged-particle accelerators (theory and technology) |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/196155 |
| citation_txt |
Acceleration of compensated high-current ion beam with cusp magnetic electron insulation in the accelerating gap and subsequent compensation with an electron beam / O.V. Fedorovskaya, V.I. Maslov, I.N. Onishchenko // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. — 2023. — № 3. — С. 116-119. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Problems of Atomic Science and Technology |
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2025-07-17T00:39:06Z |
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| fulltext |
116 ISSN 1562-6016. Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2023. №3(145)
https://doi.org/10.46813/2023-145-116
ACCELERATION OF COMPENSATED HIGH-CURRENT ION BEAM
WITH CUSP MAGNETIC ELECTRON INSULATION IN THE
ACCELERATING GAP AND SUBSEQUENT COMPENSATION WITH
AN ELECTRON BEAM
O.V. Fedorovskaya, V.I. Maslov, I.N. Onishchenko
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkiv, Ukraine
E-mail: onish@kipt.kharkov.ua
2.5D simulation of the process of the magnetic isolation of electrons and the acceleration of ions when injecting
a high-current ion beam, compensated by an electron beam, into a magnetic cusp with an accelerating gap, followed
by its re-compensation by another electron beam and transportation along the drift region with a longitudinal
magnetic field, was carried out. The dependence of the characteristics of the accelerated and compensated ion beam
at the drift region exit upon the set of initial parameters of the ion and electron beams and the values of the magnetic
and accelerating electric fields was considered.
PACS: 41.75.-i, 52.40.Mj, 52.58.Hm, 52.59.-f, 52.65.Rr
INTRODUCTION
High-current ion beam accelerators are widely used
for surface modification in radiation materials science
[1] and are being studied for their potential application
in heavy ion beam inertial confinement fusion [2].
Therefore, obtaining such ion beams is a relevant
scientific and technical challenge.
In this work, the dynamics of a high-current ion
beam compensated by electron beams in a system
consisting of an accelerating gap with a cusp magnetic
isolation of electrons and drift gap with a homogeneous
magnetic field is investigated by the numerical
simulation using code “KARAT” [3]. In particular the
case is considered when the non-compensated ion beam
of the moderate current is injected into the cusp.
1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The research was carried out using a 3-dimensional
code [3] in rz-geometry (Fig. 1). In the model under
consideration, the calculation region consists of an
accelerating gap located in the cusp, and a drift region.
The magnetic field is created by two coils with
opposing currents (so called cusp) and a solenoid
(region of homogeneous magnetic field B0 = 1.1 T –
drift region), followed by another cusp for the case of a
multi-section induction accelerator. The length of the
system is zL = 50 cm in one case, and zL = 45 cm in
another, with a radius of rL = 7 cm. On the left side,
tubular ion beam (energy Wi = 240 keV) and electron
(energy We= 130 eV) beams of the same velocity (vi=vе)
and density (ni = nе=10
12
cm
-3
) are injected, with inner
and outer radii of rmin = 0.7 сm, rmax
= 1.4 сm [4]. The
following options were considered: 1) ion beam
compensation is performed by two electron beams; 2)
there is only one compensating electron beam in the
system, injected radially from the periphery into the
second half of the cusp. The parameters of the electron
beam injected into the second half of the cusp and the
topography of the cusp magnetic field are chosen so that
when the radially injected electron beam meets the ion
beam, they have similar densities and transverse sizes.
The accelerating electric field Ez is present in the first
half of the cusp before its midpoint in the first case, and
at the beginning of the system in the second case.
Fig. 1. Geometry of the magnetic system and the
injection areas of the ion and two electron beams
2. DYNAMICS OF ION BEAM
IN THE PRESENCE
OF TWO COMPENSATING BEAMS
In this section the results of simulation for the first
case with two compensating electron beams are
presented. Fig. 2,a shows the dynamics of ions and
electrons for the following parameters: length of the
system L = 50 cm; magnetic field induction B0 = 3.3 T.
Accelerating field located at a distance of 1 cm in front
of the middle plane of the cusp Ez = 0.24 MV/cm.
Analogical case with some other parameters is
described in details in [5], and is presented here for
comparison with the case under consideration, in which
the parameters of the accelerated compensated ion beam
(CIB) are selected to obtain more suitable ion beam
after acceleration and transportation for injecting into
the next accelerating unit. In particular, when
accelerating field Ez = 1 MV/cm and magnetic field
B0 = 1.1 T (Fig. 2,c), the amplitude of the ion beam
corrugation is two times smaller, and the beam is more
homogeneous along the z-axis compared to the first case
(see Fig. 2,a). The corrugation of the ion beam is
associated with the movement of particles in crossed
electric and magnetic fields [6].
In the case B0 = 1.1 T, in order to improve the
compensation of the ion beam, the parameters of an
additional electron beam (injection location, width,
energy) were optimized, that allowed reducing the
ISSN 1562-6016. Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2023. №3(145) 117
transverse spread and energy spread of ions at the exit
of the drift gap (see Fig. 2,d) compared to the first
option (B0 = 3.3 T) (see Fig. 2,b). In both cases, the ion
beam acceleration occurs both in the accelerating field
and in the field of the space charge of the additional
electron beam. However, in the first option (see Fig.
2,b), the main part of the energy of the ion beam is
gained in the field of the electron beam (1.5 MeV),
rather than in the accelerating field (0.24 MeV), while
in the second option (see Fig. 2,d) mostly in the
accelerating electric field (1 MeV).
Fig. 2. Arrangement of ion beam (in red), the main electron beam compensating ions up to the second part of cusp,
additional electron beam compensating ions after the cusp (in blue), on the rz-plane (a, c). The energy of ion, main
and additional electron beams vs the longitudinal coordinate z (b, d). (a, b) – first option, (c, d) – second option.
CIB density: ni=10
12
сm
-3
3. DYNAMICS OF AN ION BEAM IN THE
PRESENCE OF A SINGLE ELECTRON
BEAM
In the previous section the dynamics of acceleration
of the ion beam compensated by the main and additional
beams were considered. The main electron beam
compensated the ion beam only at the beginning of the
cusp, while the additional beam – in the second half of
the magnetically insulated gap and in the drift region.
However, due to the influence of the accelerating
electric field and the space charge field of the additional
beam, the main electron beam is locked at the very
beginning, reducing its compensating role to a
minimum. Therefore, another approach to compensating
the ion beam was proposed, when the injection of the
main electron beam is absent. It means that the ion
beam must pass a short distance without compensation.
To achieve this, the magnetically insulated gap was
reduced to 5 cm, and the current of the ion beam was
selected so that its value was below the critical current
at this distance without significant transverse spread so
the density of the ion beam remains up to 10
12
сm
-3
. The
magnetic field induction is taken the same B0 =1.1 T.
An accelerating field is created at the very beginning
of the cusp with a length of 2 cm. Two acceleration
options for the ion beam are considered: 1) electric field
strength Ez = 0.5 MV/cm, 2) Ez = 1 MV/cm. From
Fig. 3,a, it can be seen that in the first option, without
compensation at the beginning of the system, the ion
beam diverges significantly, but then, thanks to the
electron beam injected radially into the second half of
the cusp, it converges towards the axis. As with the
presence of two compensating electron beams (see
Fig. 2,c), the CIB corrugation is formed, and its
amplitude hardly changes (see Fig. 3,a). At the exit of
the system, the transverse section of the CIB is close to
the initial one, although there is a small number of ions
scattered beyond the boundaries. The dynamics of the
CIB change slightly in the second option when the
accelerating field is higher, Ez = 1 MV/cm. In this case,
the velocity of the ions in the accelerating gap is higher,
so they pass through the area of the cusp without
electrons (the first half of the magnetic trap) faster.
Therefore, ions receive less impulse expansion under
the influence of the volumetric charge compared to the
case of a lower accelerating field. Moreover, a faster
energy gain by the ion beam due to the continuity of the
118 ISSN 1562-6016. Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2023. №3(145)
flow leads to a decrease in its density, and hence, the
volumetric charge, which reduces the scattering of ions
in the transverse direction. Therefore, the amplitude of
the corrugation and the ion beam cross-section decrease
(see Fig. 3,d). In both options, the CIB gains energy
both in the accelerating field and in the field of the
space charge of the electron beam (see Fig. 3,b,e). It
should be noted that the accumulation of energy by ions
occurs mainly in the accelerating field, both in the first
and second cases. Due to the higher value of the
accelerating field in the second option, the energy
spread of the CIB is smaller (see Fig. 3,f) than in the
first option (see Fig. 3,c).
Fig. 3. Arrangement of ion beam (in red), the main electron beam compensating ions up to the second part of cusp,
additional electron beam compensating ions after the cusp (in blue), on the rz-plane (a, d). The energy of ion, main
and additional electron beams vs the longitudinal coordinate z (b, e). Energy distribution function (c, f)
(a, b, c) – Ez = 0.5МВ/сm, (d, e, f) – Ez = 1МВ/сm. CIB density: ni=10
12
сm
-3
CONCLUSIONS
It has been shown that for all the considered cases, a
mono-energetic high-current ion beam injected into a
magnetic cusp with an accelerating gap is accelerated,
acquires transverse velocity and changes its trajectory in
such a way that in the drift region it drifts in the crossed
electric field of the spatial charge of the electron and ion
beams and external magnetic field, undergoing periodic
changes in transverse dimensions along with transverse
size variations and loss of mono-energetic properties. Its
use for injection into the next analogous section
becomes problematic and requires separate study.
REFERENCES
1. Material Science with ion beams // Topics in
Applied Physics, 2010, v. 116, p. 375.
2. V.I. Karas’, E.A. Kornilov, O.V. Manuilenko,
O.V. Fedorovskaya. Рarticle dynamics in the injector
of ion linear induction accelerator // Problems of
Atomic Science and Technology. Series “Nuclear
Physics Investigations” (72). 2019, No 6(124),
р. 85-89.
3. V.P. Tarakаnov. User’s Manual for Code KARAT.
Springfield VA: Berkley Research Associates Inc.
1992, p. 137.
4. Hiroaki Ito, Yasushi Ochiai and Katsumi Masugata.
Development of High-current Pulsed Heavy-ion-
beam Technology for Applications to Materials Pro-
cessing // Journal of the Korean Physical Society.
2011, v. 59, No 6, p. 3652-3656.
5. O.V. Fedorovskaya, V.I. Maslov, I.N. Onishchenko.
Acceleration of a high-current proton beam in a
linear induction accelerator at its compensation by
electron beams// Problems of Atomic Science and
Technology. Series “Nuclear Physics
Investigations” (77). 2022, No 3(139), p. 109-113.
6. I.N. Onishchenko, O.V. Fedorovskaya. Simulation
of the compensation of a high-current ion beam by
an electron beam in a cusp magnetic system//
Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. Series
“Plasma Electronics and New Methods of
Acceleration”(12). 2021, No 4(134), p. 122-127.
Article received 19.04.2023
https://vant.kipt.kharkov.ua/CONTENTS/CONTENTS_2019_6.html
https://vant.kipt.kharkov.ua/CONTENTS/CONTENTS_2019_6.html
https://vant.kipt.kharkov.ua/CONTENTS/CONTENTS_2022_3.html
https://vant.kipt.kharkov.ua/CONTENTS/CONTENTS_2022_3.html
https://vant.kipt.kharkov.ua/CONTENTS/CONTENTS_2021_4.html
https://vant.kipt.kharkov.ua/CONTENTS/CONTENTS_2021_4.html
ISSN 1562-6016. Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2023. №3(145) 119
ПРИСКОРЕННЯ КОМПЕНСОВАНОГО СИЛЬНОСТРУМОВОГО ІОННОГО ПУЧКА
З КАСПОВОЮ МАГНІТНОЮ ІЗОЛЯЦІЄЮ ЕЛЕКТРОНІВ У ПРИСКОРЮЮЧОМУ ЗАЗОРІ
ТА ПОДАЛЬШОЮ КОМПЕНСАЦІЄЮ ЕЛЕКТРОННИМ ПУЧКОМ
О.В. Федорівська, В.І. Маслов, І.М. Оніщенко
2.5D числовим моделюванням досліджено процес магнітної ізоляції електронів і прискорення іонів при
інжекції сильноточного іонного пучка, компенсованого електронним пучком, у магнітний касп з
прискорюючим зазором і подальшою повторною компенсацією електронним пучком для транспортування в
дрейфовій області з однорідним магнітом. Розглянуто залежність характеристик прискореного та
скомпенсованого іонного пучка на виході дрейфової області від набору початкових параметрів іонного та
електронних пучків та величин магнітного та прискорюючого електричного полів.
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