Problems of Post-War Restoration and Development of Infrastructure in Ukraine
The article draws attention to the lack of a key formula in strategic planning for the development of recovery programs. Therefore, the possibility of infrastructure transformation as a key component of the formula for economic recovery is considered. The role of infrastructure in the conditions of...
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Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України
2023
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irk-123456789-1977422024-07-06T13:56:48Z Problems of Post-War Restoration and Development of Infrastructure in Ukraine Amosha, O. Amosha, O. Economic recovery The article draws attention to the lack of a key formula in strategic planning for the development of recovery programs. Therefore, the possibility of infrastructure transformation as a key component of the formula for economic recovery is considered. The role of infrastructure in the conditions of war and after it is analyzed. The importance of infrastructure for economic recovery, social sphere and national security is emphasized, taking into account large losses in various areas, such as housing, transport, industry, education, health and others. Developing effective recovery programs with a focus on infrastructure has been shown to be crucial. Final decisions should be based on careful analysis, impact assessment, and clear strategic planning based on historical experience. The article draws attention to the lack of a key formula in strategic planning for the development of recovery programs. Therefore, the possibility of infrastructure transformation as a key component of the formula for economic recovery is considered. The role of infrastructure in the conditions of war and after it is analyzed. The importance of infrastructure for economic recovery, social sphere and national security is emphasized, taking into account large losses in various areas, such as housing, transport, industry, education, health and others. Developing effective recovery programs with a focus on infrastructure has been shown to be crucial. Final decisions should be based on careful analysis, impact assessment, and clear strategic planning based on historical experience. 2023 Article Problems of Post-War Restoration and Development of Infrastructure in Ukraine / O. Amosha, O. Amosha // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2023. — № 4 (74). — С. 75-80. — Бібліогр.: 20 назв. — англ. 1817-3772 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2023-4(74)-75-80 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/197742 338.246.8 +330.3(477) en Економічний вісник Донбасу Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України |
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Economic recovery Economic recovery Amosha, O. Amosha, O. Problems of Post-War Restoration and Development of Infrastructure in Ukraine Економічний вісник Донбасу |
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The article draws attention to the lack of a key formula in strategic planning for the development of recovery programs. Therefore, the possibility of infrastructure transformation as a key component of the formula for economic recovery is considered. The role of infrastructure in the conditions of war and after it is analyzed. The importance of infrastructure for economic recovery, social sphere and national security is emphasized, taking into account large losses in various areas, such as housing, transport, industry, education, health and others. Developing effective recovery programs with a focus on infrastructure has been shown to be crucial. Final decisions should be based on careful analysis, impact assessment, and clear strategic planning based on historical experience. |
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Article |
| author |
Amosha, O. Amosha, O. |
| author_facet |
Amosha, O. Amosha, O. |
| author_sort |
Amosha, O. |
| title |
Problems of Post-War Restoration and Development of Infrastructure in Ukraine |
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Problems of Post-War Restoration and Development of Infrastructure in Ukraine |
| title_full |
Problems of Post-War Restoration and Development of Infrastructure in Ukraine |
| title_fullStr |
Problems of Post-War Restoration and Development of Infrastructure in Ukraine |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Problems of Post-War Restoration and Development of Infrastructure in Ukraine |
| title_sort |
problems of post-war restoration and development of infrastructure in ukraine |
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Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України |
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2023 |
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Economic recovery |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/197742 |
| citation_txt |
Problems of Post-War Restoration and Development of Infrastructure in Ukraine / O. Amosha, O. Amosha // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2023. — № 4 (74). — С. 75-80. — Бібліогр.: 20 назв. — англ. |
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Економічний вісник Донбасу |
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2025-07-17T02:44:23Z |
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2025-07-17T02:44:23Z |
| _version_ |
1837860403501072384 |
| fulltext |
O. Amosha, O. Amosha
75
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(74), 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2023-4(74)-75-80
UDC 338.246.8 +330.3(477)
O. Amosha,
acad. of NAS of Ukraine,
honorary director,
ORCID 0000-0003-0189-3819,
e-mail: amosha1937@gmail.com,
admin@econindustry.org,
O. Amosha,
PhD (Economics),
ORCID 0000-0001-5454-0836,
e-mail: elenamosh7515@gmail.com,
Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
PROBLEMS OF POST-WAR RESTORATION AND DEVELOPMENT
OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN UKRAINE
1. The Role of Infrastructure under Current
Conditions
The damage Ukraine sustained because of the
military activities amount to catastrophic sums. It refers
to residential domain, transport, trade, industry, energy
and extractive industries, agriculture, education, tourism
and culture objects, water supply and sewage, health-
care, environment and forestry, telecommunications and
IT. The large ratio of this damage is made by
infrastructure. Therefore, the future programme of
overcoming war outcomes and recovery of Ukrainian
national economy in the post-war period, and thus
renovation of economic and social sphere, development
of defense industry sufficient to provide national
security must be closely connected with infrastructure,
along with the other components.
On the other hand, the high level of infrastructure
development in the country, comparable to the
European one, is one of the most important precursors
of Ukraine’s economy successful entering European
economic space and the entrance to EU.
Meanwhile, the views of programmes on
overcoming war outcomes and post-war development
creators [1], including the domain of Ukraine economy,
e.g. [2-4] tend to vary greatly. However, they lack key
formula that would lead Ukrainian society to effectively
achieve the necessary ultimate result. For instance, very
few remember the details of State Commission of
Russia Electrification Plan (GOELRO) that was adopted
in 1920, still the formula “…plus electrification of the
whole country” remains in the memory of generations.
Besides, it is logical to consider that ultimate
solutions as per relevant issues of normal situation
recovery are to be made after overall and detailed
analysis of approaches, action of all main factors and
mechanisms of implementation, and evaluation of non-
implementation results, while the programmes quintes-
1 Generals are always fighting the last war. Winston Churchill.
sence must be grounded and clearly directed to the
future, as “generals are often prepared to fight the last
war”1. This quotation by Winston Churchill may be
proven not only theoretically [5], but also by real
historical examples. Thus, during the time of USSR
collapse instead of choosing the way of Donbass
alternative development with utmost restructuring of
coal mining, ineffective in complicated subsurface
conditions, it was decided to leave the situation without
any essential change in the branch. Inconsistency that
resulted from contemplations on that the issue of
Donbass resolving must be transferred to a more
convenient time [6], influenced the further unrolling of
events in this industry and the region as a whole and
brought even more tragic outcomes.
It’s a paradox that even the United Nations experts
do not require the definition of key strategic formula
main components. The must for them is the long-term
planning (up to 50 years with parcellating into five-ten
years cycles), thinking by the categories of “great
strategies and great undertakings”, defining bifurcation
point as its condition promotes raising one step higher
even though with a high risk of downward slide [7]. The
probability of civil catastrophes in bifurcation point
grounds the relevance and need to tackle them by
compensatory measures. It is exactly this position that
we need to evaluate the recent and, by and large,
constructive scientific work of the scientists from
academic and higher educational establishments.
Thus, e.g., “…building up strategic goals in
recovery and defining its branch vectors are of top
importance for Ukraine even today. One could include
to branch vectors of recovery the transformation of
economics structure by means of innovation renewal of
industrial capabilities using organisational and
economic factors implementation based on new
information technologies in such branches as machine
Economic recovery
O. Amosha, O. Amosha
76
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(74), 2023
building and defense industry, steel, food, chemical,
pharmaceutical and timber industries, as well as in new
spheres of activities like bio- and nanotechnologies. In
order to move along these vectors efficiently, state
policy activities must be planned and implemented to
create the rational structure of new industrial complexes
in the regions, including also their relocation, renewal
and development of new logistic schemes and to build
enterprises able to substitute the production-sales chains
destroyed by Russian aggression, along with the holistic
strategic planning scheme” [2]. Otherwise, “…compre-
hensive solution of social and labour issues requires,
with no exaggeration, global, or, to be more exact,
neoglobal goal setting and mega views on how to
achieve these goals. We have no doubt that the best
social labour policy is the leveraged, highly professional
and innovation oriented economic policy with such
basic subsystems as socio-demographic, socio-labour,
investment, technical and technological, innovation,
financial and institutional, which could ideally become
the components of Ukrainian “Marshall plan” [3].
Moreover, «…forming a new economic model as the
basis of economy recovery must follow the way of new
industrialization characterised by transition to
principally new technics and technology. The inner
interrelation between technical renewal of industry and
economic development must become an immanent
feature of post-war Ukraine market economy… New
industrialization must begin with installation of such
enterprises that could continue technological chain of
raw materials production and easily substitute import.
Added value in industrial branches is always sufficiently
higher that in the ones of raw materials. This envisages
new high technology jobs creation that will produce
higher added value and provide the increase to
population real income” [4].
This being well said; however, we would like to
continue discussing recovery issue from point of view
we have expressed above. Consequently, post-war
recovery of Ukraine must be linked not with
infrastructure per se, but in its wider definition, which
formulates the goal of current work, i.e. to prove that it
is infrastructure development that must be an important
component of the formula to further state economy
restoration strategy and its social sphere.
We consider viable the following frame to vividly
demonstrate the role of infrastructure in the modern
world: there’s a huge number of electrical appliances in
the world and all of them, whatever purpose they might
be used for, require electricity to operate – this could be
either electric cord, or battery or accumulator, but it is
inevitably necessary. The same applies to infrastructure
as it is inevitably necessary for every sphere of life, be
it transport, industry, social sphere, healthcare or
education… everything needs its own infrastructure.
The category of infrastructure in the meaning of
roads, bridges, canals, ports, airports, and commu-
nication systems was introduced at the end of the 1930s,
1 Geographic centre of Europe Dilove. URL: https://ua.igotoworld.com/ua/poi_object/13831_geographical-centre-of-europe.htm.
while in the 1950s the stage of infrastructure
development was used as the third, along with labour
and capital, factor of macrolevel production function
[8]. Today economic infrastructure is a complex of
branches and activities that serve production and a state
as a whole. While social infrastructure, in its turn, is the
complex of branches and enterprises that provide
normal functioning of population, including ones in
industry, healthcare, pre-school, school, secondary and
professional education. Also, the various types of
infrastructure are differentiated, i.e. informational,
military, innovation, market, space, touristic, etc.
In some countries economics infrastructure is
divided into production and social (non-production)
spheres, that is, refer science to infrastructure. In
general, national economy infrastructure is the complex
of branches and activities creating the basis of national
economy and simplify and make more efficient the
goods and services flow. Therefore, any event in post-
war development of Ukraine and preparation to entering
the EU is at the end of the day the development of exact
infrastructure types and, consequently, the further action
strategy will result from prospective “infrastructural”
development.
The definition of infrastructure is so refined that it
is not always possible to differentiate infrastructural
component per se. «If the world were ruled by logics, –
as had stated “The New York Times” just two days
before the first Moon expedition, - one of honorary
places on Cape Kenndy during Apollo-11 launch would
be taken by Mykyta Khrushchov, USSR ex-President,
and the former first secretary of soviet communist party”
[9]. This passage was explained by the fact that the then
USSR defense industry to a certain extent became the
infrastructure for the USA space industry development,
the launch of the first soviet artificial satellite caused
psychological condition in the USA that was called
“sputnik moment”, “sputnik crisis”. John Kennedy who
followed Dwight Eisenhower as the US President, who
was not the supporter of space race, increased the grade
of opposition to the military one on the wave of
“sputnik”, which provided Werner von Braun, at that
time American constructor, with the outstanding
investment and mobilization opportunities.
Another example, if to address soviet realia:
historians still argue if the development of virgin soil in
Kazakhstan was the individual strategic campaign or the
cover operation to build cosmodrome, that is the
element of space infrastructure.
It makes sense to subdivide infrastructure by two
directions from strategizing point of view: those its
types that give economics the opportunity to earn funds,
and those where it is viable (necessary) to invest funds
into. Still, in both cases infrastructure needs funds for its
development as well as while modernization is required.
For instance, according to one of the versions the center
of Europe is located near the Ukrainian village of Dilove
near the town of Rakhov, Zakarpatskyi region1. Such
O. Amosha, O. Amosha
77
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(74), 2023
geopolitical status provides Ukraine according to first
direction the component of infrastructure required to
convert the national state into powerful logistic and
energy operator (transitioner). Gas transportation
specialization of Ukraine is well known, however, at the
times of the USSR the domestic fuel and energy
complex was also of significant importance for the
continental energy industry. There are three energy
synchronous zones on the Eurasian continent. Union of
the Coordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE)
includes energy systems of 23 continental Europe
countries that are part of UCTE. Since July 2003 till
February 2022 the Western Energy System of Ukraine
(the so called “Burshtynska thermal plant island”) was
working in a synchronized manner with UCTE. The
Eastern synchronous zone, OCTE, includes the
countries of CIS (Commonwealth of Independent
States) (excluding Turkmenistan and Armenia, energy
systems of which function in parallel with Iranian one)
and Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia). The
Northen system (NORDEL) joins the energy systems of
Northern Europe countries, i.e. Sweden, Norway,
Finland and the western part of Denmark.
These unions were developing independently from
one another, though the links were being grown with
time. The conference “The perspectives of unification
"East-West"” in 2009 proved that there are no
unsolvable technical and institutionally legal obstacles
to create pan-European energy markets with the
possibility to create the largest energy space in the
whole world «with indicated power over 860 GW,
which includes 12 time zones, 37 countries and about
900 million energy users. The united European space is
the opportunity to increase the energy provision
reliability throughout the territory along with the
expanding of energy market borders and possibilities.
However, it is exactly Ukrainian high tension electricity
transmission ETL-750 and ETL-400, which are not
active now, were to act as integrators of united Euro-
Asian network and to be its transit corridor, and Poland,
which is peripheric now, should have turn into the
capital of common energy zone [10].
The use of non-working mines capacities could
also be a prospective for energy accumulation, the
creation of international energy hubs in the mining
regions of Ukraine and Poland. Nevertheless, military
and political situation in Ukraine and Europe makes
implementation of pan-European energy space impos-
sible for long term. Nevertheless, the synchronizing of
Ukrainian and European energy networks took place,
with the prospective creation of competitive and
transparent electric energy market according to the
requirements of European legislation and market
practices [11].
According to Elon Musk version, 5 out of
11 branches of the fastest transport landlines Hyperloop
could go through the territory of Ukraine, three of which
cross Kyiv: the first one joins China, Europe and
Canada, the second one joins Asia, Middle East, Europe
1 On innovation activity. The Law of Ukraine. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=40-15#Text.
and Northern Africa, while the third one is between
Spain and China. It will be possible to get to India from
Kryvyi Rih or Dnipro or to America from Kharkiv,
Donetsk or Odessa.
Ukraine can also be prominent as the participant of
a New Silk Road project, in order to do this, an effective
and transparent mechanism of customs clearance as well
as high quality system of railways and automobile
highways is required – the scale of Chinese investment
in this strategy implementation could amount to several
trillions of dollars [12].
It's significant that now discussions are being held
on creation of new high-capacity portals with conveyor
belts lines in the area of Ukraine-EU border crossing
between Rava Russka in Lviv region and Polish town of
Tomaszow-Lubelskie, which are 32 km from one
another [13].
Notwithstanding the importance of transition
infrastructure to Ukraine, it’s worth not failing to
properly evaluate the role of innovative infrastructure.
According to Ukrainian Law, innovation infrastructure
is a complex of enterprises, organisations, institutions
and their unities, associations of any form of property
that give services in the provision of innovative
activities (financial, consulting, marketing, information
and communication, legal, educational, etc)1. Besides,
innovation ecosystems are created and developed in
localization space where material, production,
information and labour resources are concentrated and
that allow develop and use innovative solutions, and
every economy branch has specific traits of economic
activities performing and innovative activity types [14].
Although, under the environment of current indust-
rial revolution this needs more detailed description. Old
industrial regions of Ukraine (Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk,
Luhansk and Zaporizhia regions) are still not using the
research potential to the full range. On the background
of almost 82% of low marginal steel export, the ratio of
investments into highly and medium technological
branches of Donetsk oblast makes only 5,4% against
9,7% in Ukraine in general [15]. If one considers startup
as a sign and the fastest factor of innovation
development, then the distribution of projects through
the regions is significantly non-homogeneous: the
largest number of them is registered in Kyivska region
(almost 58% or 154 units), there’s only one startup in
Donetsk region (Wattagio) [16], with also two in
Dnipropetrovsk and one in Zaporizhia and Kirovohrad
regions each. Even though, according to the data of
Startup Ranking service, Ukraine takes 42nd place
among 192 world countries as for the number of startups
(266 units) [17]. The most progressive Ukrainian startup
sector is technological one - in 2019 р. The record
breaking 544 million USD of venture investments were
mobilized to this sector, the sum total of investments
into Ukrainian technological companies within the
period of 2014-2019 makes 1400 million USD [18],
which makes Ukraine one of the most attractive
countries in Eastern and Central Europe for investment.
O. Amosha, O. Amosha
78
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(74), 2023
This limited number of startups in old industrial
regions makes surprised those people, for example, who
have very long driving experience and still remember
the traditions of old Soviet "garage culture” that
compensated the poor access to brand automobile
service stations by the work of handy people. These
craftsmen who sprang from the school extracurricular
activities of technical creativity or engineering
construction groups at Pioneer Clubs or military and
sports preparation associations did magic of creativity
and wisdom. Based on this, the knowledge about the so-
called Maker Movement in the USA gives the idea of a
modern examples of innovation: tech-shops have
already appeared in California, Michigan and North
Carolina, the movement of personal production FabLab
has also increased. Tech-shop is a workshop, a shop and
a club at the same time [19]. The owners of these
establishment offer to their subscribers the access to
various new generation industrial equipment with the
overall cost of several million USD, including
automatically programmed mills and tools, laser knives,
etc for a decent monthly payment. There’s a movement
of industrial labs called Hacklab where people produce
not only for themselves but also according to the other
companies’ orders. In other words, a new class of
industrial freelancers is emerging. Within the scale of
global state 3D-entrepreneurship is able to make such a
giant leap of economic effectiveness based on additive
production and owing to reducing of material quantity,
good energy capacity, and energy and logistics spending
and elimination, which was impossible to imagine even
at the times of previous industrial revolutions [20].
WhatsApp messenger that is now used by over one
billion of people all over the world and was sold to
Facebook for 22 billion USD in 2014 was created by Mr.
Ian Borysovych Kum who was born in Ukraine (now
American citizen).
The world is loaded with funds during the epoch of
industrial revolutions. The owners take funds from old
branches and are trying to use capital in a more profi-
table way. Innovation infrastructure, like transport and
energy ones, should become a way to use this financial
flow to invest it in industry development infrastructure
and through it into society as a whole, to increase labour
efficiency, its intellectual level creation of decent
conditions and security and by this increasing the life
quality of people at enterprises, environment protection
and rational use of natural and secondary resources. It
will have a significant social effect apart from sufficient
economic results. Thus, this has to be defined as
separate and important infrastructure branches.
2. Social infrastructure development directions
Social infrastructure should include those its types
that allow to achieve notable social results. In this way,
the improvement of demographic situation in Ukraine
should have its own infrastructure. The ideas to create
such specific types of infrastructure are inspired by the
thoughts expressed by the specialists of the Institute of
Demography and Life Quality named after M. V. Ptu-
kha, National Academy of Science of Ukraine.
For example, the complex approach to achieving
financial self-sustainability of families with children
needs the services uniting employment and parenting
(affordable and high quality system of pre-school
institutions, individual childcare services). The growth
of orphans number requires establishment of institutions
that will bring up orphans in families or in environment
close to family, implementation of the mechanisms to
define (and search) children who lost their parents as a
result of military activities, lost children , or families in
hardship, etc, it’s important to adjust support
mechanisms for all forms of upbringing children with no
parents – foster families, patronage families, family type
orphanages, guardians families or national fostering.
The special type of infrastructure should be ageing
people support with promotion of active longevity,
which envisages efforts to increase ability of keeping
good health condition and social integration for elderly
people. What sets a good example is the everyday life of
people as it is organized internationally in elderly people
homes that allows their keeping themselves busy. At the
same time, public awareness would be of importance,
based on the example of an active part of those
institutions that care about sticking to healthy lifestyle
since childhood, as well as awareness of negative results
of unhealthy lifestyle, the vivid examples of difference
in health condition between people with who cared
about it since childhood and contrary ones.
Even the need to quickly increase life expectancy,
especially among men requires its infrastructural
support, e.g. in high quality treatment and nutrition at
workplace (with employers’ involvement to provide
one), labour conditions control, support to working
flexitime, etc. One should not forget about high quality
and sufficient nutrition of people as an important
component of the state food security.
The decrease of immigration expenses is also
impossible without relevant infrastructure that must
keep contacts with compatriots abroad (labour,
educational, cultural, financial, legal), support and
develop their feelings of being Ukrainians, their love to
their Motherland and nuclear, “small” Motherland.
Principal impossibility to ban migration causes the
necessity to create mechanisms off preventing migration
being one-way with no return by using potential positive
effect, e.g. increase of Ukraine labour potential by using
new skills and knowledge of returning migrants, as well
as involving migrants’ funds not only to keep their
families but also for investments into economy.
Now the infrastructure is required to create
workplaces for internally displaced population (IDPs)
and integrate them to its maximum within the territories
of their temporary residence, to create civil bodies for
their uniting so that they could have the channel of self-
representation and share positive experience of work
and residence integration at a new place.
The lack of qualified workforce which Ukraine
economy will definitely face in post-war period will
require infrastructure of foreign workforce involvement
based on the principles of substitutional migration. It
could be rational, for example, to establish the service
O. Amosha, O. Amosha
79
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(74), 2023
of foreign students’ recruitment during their studies or
after they successfully graduate educational establish-
ments in Ukraine to maximally integrate them as long-
term migrants into Ukrainian society.
There’s a reason to have a new and more astute
approach to professional education of vocational jobs
workers based on existing technical higher educational
and vocational establishments, including would-be
students, to stimulate their choosing engineering
professions. Besides, practical training is required to
educate people to get professional positions they are
going to obtain after higher educational establishment
graduation. To do this, universities must have closer
contacts with enterprises and production businesses that
are virtually the ones searching for young specialists. The
experience of some technical universities as for appren-
ticeship of their students in production is also worth
attention.
It is logical, with the aim of ordering and pro-
fessions effectiveness improvement, to differentiate
awarding qualifications and academic degrees for
scientists, education professionals and the ones
employed in production and management according to
their place of work, i.e. for scientific institutions
(scientific degrees should remain), educational esta-
blishments (PhD, or PhD in education with obtaining
their degree in higher educational establishment with the
emphasis upon scientific economic and organisational
issues of educational process, using scientific results in
education and, if wish be – scientific degrees), in busi-
ness and production (management, MBA, with degrees
obtaining in scientific or educational establishments).
3. Conclusions and recommendations
The analysis of publications and practical situation
gave the chance to realise that strategic studies of post-
war Ukraine recovery lack to a certain degree an
important formula constituent that would give more
impression not only about essence but also about the
ultimate result of the programme product. This
insufficient awareness of |Ukrainian society as per the
choice of strategic development way leads to a certain
unclearness of priorities. However, everything afo-
rementioned about the infrastructure under current
conditions give all the grounds to considering in to be
one of the basic constituents for the formula of further
state national economy and its social sphere development.
Therefore, infrastructure’s nomenclature is worth
preparation and development followed by continuous
monitoring of every direction activities, correlation of
achievement with world practices, actions to achieve
results, relevant investment, including international
projects with taking into consideration their sequence
and terms of implementation. So, consequently, one of
strategic slogan for post-war recovery of our state must
be “Future Ukraine is at the first-place infrastructure of
social life and production at the European level”.
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O. Amosha, O. Amosha
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Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(74), 2023
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Амоша О. І., Амоша О. О. Проблеми повоєнного відновлення та розбудови інфраструктури України
У статті звертається увага на відсутність ключової формули у стратегічному плануванні для розробки програм
відновлення. Тому розглянуто можливість інфраструктурної трансформації як ключової складової формули відбудови
економіки. Проаналізована роль інфраструктури в умовах війни та після неї. Наголошується на важливості інфраструктури
для відновлення економіки, соціальної сфери та національної безпеки з урахуванням великих втрат у різних сферах, таких як
житло, транспорт, промисловість, освіта, охорона здоров'я та інші. Показано, що розробка ефективних програм відновлення,
з акцентом на інфраструктуру, має вирішальне значення. Остаточні рішення слід ґрунтувати на ретельному аналізі, оцінці
впливу та чіткому стратегічному плануванні з урахуванням історичного досвіду.
Ключові слова: інфраструктура, національна економіка, виробнича та соціальна сфери, повоєнне відновлення,
енергетика.
Amosha O., Amosha O. Problems of Post-War Restoration and Development of Infrastructure in Ukraine
The article draws attention to the lack of a key formula in strategic planning for the development of recovery programs. Therefore,
the possibility of infrastructure transformation as a key component of the formula for economic recovery is considered. The role of
infrastructure in the conditions of war and after it is analyzed. The importance of infrastructure for economic recovery, social sphere
and national security is emphasized, taking into account large losses in various areas, such as housing, transport, industry, education,
health and others. Developing effective recovery programs with a focus on infrastructure has been shown to be crucial. Final decisions
should be based on careful analysis, impact assessment, and clear strategic planning based on historical experience.
Keywords: infrastructure, national economy, industrial and social spheres, post-war reconstruction, energy.
Received by the editors 30.10.2023
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