Effects of electromagnetic radiation on intact bovine lens epithelium in culture conditions

Цель: исследовать влияние неионзирующего электромагнитного излучения на хрусталик глаза, с использованием культуры ткани хрусталика глаза. Методы: Хрусталики бычьего глаза были культивированы в течение 10 дней. Изучено 59 хрусталиков. Обработанные хрусталики были облучены 1.1 GHz, 2.22mW в течение...

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Дата:	2005
Автори:	Bormusov, E., Dovrat, A.
Формат:	Стаття
Мова:	English
Опубліковано:	Фізико-хімічний інститут ім. О.В. Богатського НАН України 2005
Назва видання:	Актуальні проблеми транспортної медицини
Теми:	Профилактическая медицина
Онлайн доступ:	http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/21503
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Назва журналу:	Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Цитувати:	Effects of electromagnetic radiation on intact bovine lens epithelium in culture conditions / E. Bormusov , A. Dovrat // Актуальні проблеми транспортної медицини. — 2005. — № 1. — С. 90-94. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ.

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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

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spelling	irk-123456789-215032013-02-13T02:54:34Z Effects of electromagnetic radiation on intact bovine lens epithelium in culture conditions Bormusov, E. Dovrat, A. Профилактическая медицина Цель: исследовать влияние неионзирующего электромагнитного излучения на хрусталик глаза, с использованием культуры ткани хрусталика глаза. Методы: Хрусталики бычьего глаза были культивированы в течение 10 дней. Изучено 59 хрусталиков. Обработанные хрусталики были облучены 1.1 GHz, 2.22mW в течение 192 циклов по 50 минут с паузой 10 минут. Затем в контрольных и обработанных культуральных клетках хрусталика определяли активность ферментов. Результаты: Экспозиция 2.22mW и 1.1GHz повредила хрусталик глаза. Лучевое повреждение проявилось в эпителиальном слое хрусталика глаза, и сопровождалось изменениями активности эпителиальных ферментов. Выводы: Электромагнитное излучение имеет выраженное воздействие на хрусталик глаза Экспозиция описанными выше уровнями удельной энергии воздействует на эпителий хрусталика глаза, что выражается в изменении активности эпителиальных ферментов. Purpose: To investigate the effects of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation on the eye lens using a lens organ culture system. Methods: Bovine lenses were incubated in organ culture conditions for 10 days. 59 lenses were used in this study. Treated lenses were exposed to 1.1GHz, 2.22mW for 192 cycles of 50 minutes irradiation followed by 10 minutes pause. At the end of the culture period control and treated lenses were taken for enzyme analysis. Results: Exposure to 2.22mW at 1.1GHz caused damage to the lens. The radiation damage appeared at the lens epithelial layer accompanied by activity changes of lens epithelial enzymes. Conclusions: Electromagnetic radiation has a clear impact on the eye lens. Exposure above specific energy levels affects lens epithelium as demonstrated by changes in epithelial enzyme activities. 2005 Article Effects of electromagnetic radiation on intact bovine lens epithelium in culture conditions / E. Bormusov , A. Dovrat // Актуальні проблеми транспортної медицини. — 2005. — № 1. — С. 90-94. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. 1818-9385 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/21503 en Актуальні проблеми транспортної медицини Фізико-хімічний інститут ім. О.В. Богатського НАН України
institution	Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection	DSpace DC
language	English
topic	Профилактическая медицина Профилактическая медицина
spellingShingle	Профилактическая медицина Профилактическая медицина Bormusov, E. Dovrat, A. Effects of electromagnetic radiation on intact bovine lens epithelium in culture conditions Актуальні проблеми транспортної медицини
description	Цель: исследовать влияние неионзирующего электромагнитного излучения на хрусталик глаза, с использованием культуры ткани хрусталика глаза. Методы: Хрусталики бычьего глаза были культивированы в течение 10 дней. Изучено 59 хрусталиков. Обработанные хрусталики были облучены 1.1 GHz, 2.22mW в течение 192 циклов по 50 минут с паузой 10 минут. Затем в контрольных и обработанных культуральных клетках хрусталика определяли активность ферментов. Результаты: Экспозиция 2.22mW и 1.1GHz повредила хрусталик глаза. Лучевое повреждение проявилось в эпителиальном слое хрусталика глаза, и сопровождалось изменениями активности эпителиальных ферментов. Выводы: Электромагнитное излучение имеет выраженное воздействие на хрусталик глаза Экспозиция описанными выше уровнями удельной энергии воздействует на эпителий хрусталика глаза, что выражается в изменении активности эпителиальных ферментов.
format	Article
author	Bormusov, E. Dovrat, A.
author_facet	Bormusov, E. Dovrat, A.
author_sort	Bormusov, E.
title	Effects of electromagnetic radiation on intact bovine lens epithelium in culture conditions
title_short	Effects of electromagnetic radiation on intact bovine lens epithelium in culture conditions
title_full	Effects of electromagnetic radiation on intact bovine lens epithelium in culture conditions
title_fullStr	Effects of electromagnetic radiation on intact bovine lens epithelium in culture conditions
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of electromagnetic radiation on intact bovine lens epithelium in culture conditions
title_sort	effects of electromagnetic radiation on intact bovine lens epithelium in culture conditions
publisher	Фізико-хімічний інститут ім. О.В. Богатського НАН України
publishDate	2005
topic_facet	Профилактическая медицина
url	http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/21503
citation_txt	Effects of electromagnetic radiation on intact bovine lens epithelium in culture conditions / E. Bormusov , A. Dovrat // Актуальні проблеми транспортної медицини. — 2005. — № 1. — С. 90-94. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ.
series	Актуальні проблеми транспортної медицини
work_keys_str_mv	AT bormusove effectsofelectromagneticradiationonintactbovinelensepitheliumincultureconditions AT dovrata effectsofelectromagneticradiationonintactbovinelensepitheliumincultureconditions
first_indexed	2025-07-02T22:27:54Z
last_indexed	2025-07-02T22:27:54Z
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fulltext	ÀÊÒÓÀËÜÍÛÅ ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÛ ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÎÉ ÌÅÄÈÖÈÍÛ � ¹ 1, 2005 ã. 9090909090 ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF TRANSPORT MEDICINE � # 1, 2005 Ä.Ñ. Ñàíèòàðíûé íàäçîð çà èñòî÷íèêàìè ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíûõ èçëó÷åíèé â îêðóæàþ- ùåé ñðåäå.-Ê.: Çäîðîâüÿ, 1990.- 152 ñ. 4. Åâñòàôüåâ Â.Í., Øàôðàí Ë.Ì. Ýêîëîãî-ãè- ãèåíè÷åñêàÿ îöåíêà èñòî÷íèêîâ ýëåêòðî- ìàãíèòíîãî èçëó÷åíèÿ //Ïðè÷îðíîìîðñü- êèé åêîëîã³÷íèé áþëëåòåíü.-Îäåñà.- 2002.-¹ 3 (5).-Ñ. 117-122 5. Áåëêèí À.Ä. Î ðîëè òåõíîãåííûõ âðàùàþ- ùèõñÿ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ ïîëåé â ýíäî- è ýê- çîýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ âçàèìîñâÿçÿõ (Îáçîð ëèòåðàòóðû) // Ìåäèöèíà òðóäà è ïðîìûø- ëåííàÿ ýêîëîãèÿ.-1999.-¹ 6.-Ñ. 27-30 6. ÃÎÑÒ 12.1.006-84 «ÑÑÁÒ. Ýëåêòðîìàãíèò- íûå ïîëÿ ðàäèî÷àñòîò. Äîïóñòèìûå óðîâ- íè íà ðàáî÷èõ ìåñòàõ è òðåáîâàíèÿ ê ïðî- âåäåíèþ êîíòðîëÿ» 7. ÃÎÑÒ 12.1.002-84 «ÑÑÁÒ. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ïîëÿ ïðîìûøëåííîé ÷àñòîòû. Äîïóñòèìûå óðîâíè íàïðÿæåííîñòè è òðåáîâàíèÿ ê ïðîâåäåíèþ êîíòðîëÿ íà ðàáî÷èõ ìåñòàõ» 8. ÃÎÑÒ 12.1.045-85 «ÑÑÁÒ. Ýëåêòðîñòàòè- ÷åñêèå ïîëÿ. Äîïóñòèìûå óðîâíè íà ðàáî- ÷èõ ìåñòàõ è òðåáîâàíèÿ ê ïðîâåäåíèþ êîíòðîëÿ» 9. ÄÑàíÏ³Í «Äåðæàâí³ ñàí³òàðí³ íîðìè ³ ïðà- âèëà çàõèñòó íàñåëåííÿ â³ä âïëèâó åëåêò- ðîìàãí³òíèõ âèïðîì³íþâàíü» ¹ 239-96 10. ÄÑàíÏ³Í 3.3.2.-007-98 «Äåðæàâí³ ñà- í³òàðí³ ïðàâèëà ³ íîðìè ðîáîòè ç â³çóàëü- íèìè äèñïëåéíèìè òåðì³íàëàìè åëåêò- ðîííî-îá÷èñëþâàëüíèõ ìàøèí» 11. ÄÑàíÏ³Í «Äåðæàâí³ ñàí³òàðí³ íîðìè ³ ïðàâèëà ïðè ðîáîò³ ç äæåðåëàìè åëåêòð- íîìàãí³òíèõ ïîë³â” ¹ 476-02 12. Ñàíèòàðíàÿ ïàñïîðòèçàöèÿ ïåðåäàþ- IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction The detailed process which connects elec- tromagnetic radiation and damage to cells is still not known. Richter et al (2000) reported in- creased risks for cancer in 20-37-year age group with exposures to high levels of RF/MW radia- tion for long periods. They recommended pre- venting exposures in the range of 10-100 mi- croW/cm2. Sandstrom et al (2001) did an epide- miological investigation on mobile phone use in- cluding 6379 GSM users and 5613 NMT 900 users in Sweden, and 2500 from each category EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON INTACT BOVINEEFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON INTACT BOVINEEFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON INTACT BOVINEEFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON INTACT BOVINEEFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON INTACT BOVINE LENS EPITHELIUM IN CULTURE CONDITIONSLENS EPITHELIUM IN CULTURE CONDITIONSLENS EPITHELIUM IN CULTURE CONDITIONSLENS EPITHELIUM IN CULTURE CONDITIONSLENS EPITHELIUM IN CULTURE CONDITIONS Elvira Bormusov and Ahuva DovratElvira Bormusov and Ahuva DovratElvira Bormusov and Ahuva DovratElvira Bormusov and Ahuva DovratElvira Bormusov and Ahuva Dovrat Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel This study was supported in part by the Guzik Ophthalmology Research Fund. ùèõ ðàäèîòåõíè÷åñêèõ îáúåêòîâ ðàäèî÷à- ñòîòíîãî äèàïàçîíà ïî ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíî- ìó ôàêòîðó / À.Ë.Áóçîâ, Þ.È.Êîëü÷óãèí, Þ.Ï.Ïàëüöåâ è äð. // Ìåäèöèíà òðóäà è ïðîììýêîëîãèÿ.-2004.-¹ 5.-Ñ. 39-43 SummarySummarySummarySummarySummary ELECTROMAGNETIC IRRADIATION OFELECTROMAGNETIC IRRADIATION OFELECTROMAGNETIC IRRADIATION OFELECTROMAGNETIC IRRADIATION OFELECTROMAGNETIC IRRADIATION OF TRANSPORT MEANS AS A HYGIENICTRANSPORT MEANS AS A HYGIENICTRANSPORT MEANS AS A HYGIENICTRANSPORT MEANS AS A HYGIENICTRANSPORT MEANS AS A HYGIENIC PROBLEMPROBLEMPROBLEMPROBLEMPROBLEM Yevstafiev B.N., Skiba A.B., Shein S.B. In connection with the level of anthropogenic electromagnetic irradiation (EMI) increase they have carried out a trial of electromagnetic pollution on transport objects. The main directions of research projects for the workers and general population health protection from (EMI) have been determined also. The staff of the State Enterprise “Ukrainian Research Institute for Transport Medicine” have worked out normative and methodical documents both for the industrial personnel and general population and nearly 200 sanitary passports for radio-technical objects. Â ñâÿçè ñ ïîâûøåíèåì â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ óðîâíÿ àíòðîïîãåííîãî ýëåêòðîìàã- íèòíîãî èçëó÷åíèÿ àâòîðàìè ïðîâåäåíî íà- ó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîå èññëåäîâàíèå ýëåêòðîìàã- íèòíîãî çàãðÿçíåíèÿ íà îáúåêòàõ òðàíñïîð- òà è îïðåäåëåíû îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ íà- ó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ ðàáîò ïî îáåñïå÷åíèþ îõ- ðàíû çäîðîâüÿ ðàáîòíèêîâ è íàñåëåíèÿ îò âîçäåéñòâèÿ ÝÌÈ. Ñîòðóäíèêàìè ÃÏ «Óêðà- èíñêèé ÍÈÈ ìåäèöèíû òðàíñïîðòà» ðàçðàáî- òàíû íîðìàòèâíî-ìåòîäè÷åñêèå äîêóìåíòû äëÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî ïåðñîíàëà è íàñåëå- íèÿ è îêîëî äâóõñîò ñàíèòàðíûõ ïàñïîðòîâ íà in Norway. They observed a statistically signifi- cant association between calling time, number of calls per day and the prevalence of warmth around the ear, headaches and fatigue. Koivisto et al. (2001) measured the influence of pulsed radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields of digital GSM mobile phones (902 MHz, 217 Hz pulse modulation) on subjective symptoms or sensations in healthy subjects in two single-blind experiments. The duration of the RF exposure was about 60 min in Experiment 1 and 30 min in Experiment 2. The symptoms rated were head- 9191919191 ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF TRANSPORT MEDICINE � # 1, 2005 ÀÊÒÓÀËÜÍÛÅ ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÛ ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÎÉ ÌÅÄÈÖÈÍÛ � ¹ 1, 2005 ã. amplifier. The transmission lines generate uni- form electric fields in the region of the lens. The lenses were exposed to 1.1GHz with power of 2.2mW for 8 days (Dovrat et al 2005) Lens epithelium morphology and enzyme analysis On day 12 of the culture period, lenses were taken for morphological analysis by Hema- toxylin and eosin staining and enzyme analysis. Total flat preparations of the front capsule epi- thelium monolayer of lenses from the different treatments were evaluated. When evaluating the different grade of differentiation was taken into account, i.e. topographical features of central in- termediate and equatorial zones. We followed the histochemical localizations of the enzymes: aldolase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydroge- nase (G-6-PD) and analyzed SH-SS groups. For analysis we used the classical methods of Pearse A.G. (1972) Quantitative analysis of the intensity of the reactions at epithelial central and equatorial zones was done by Image-Pro Plus program, Version 4.0 for Windows, by measuring optical density in each cell, following by mathematical processing in Microsoft Excel. A change was defined as significant if the difference between control and treated groups reached value of P < 0.05. ResultsResultsResultsResultsResults Hematoxylin and eosin staining of lens ep- ithelial cells on day 12 of the culture (Fig. 1) show for the control lens (Fig. 1A) round cells which contains homogenous blue staining of large nu- clei. The cells for the electromagnetic radiation exposed lens (Fig. 1B) demonstrate smaller cells with condensed nuclei also damaged areas in the nucleus and cytoplasm indicating damage to the cells, pyknosis. In contrast to the poor condition of the ep- ithelial cells of lenses exposed to electromagnet- ic radiation aldolase activity increased in these cells (Fig. 2). As a result of the electromagnetic exposure aldolase activities increased at the center and equators of the lens epithelium. Enzyme activa- tion is greater at the center of the lens epitheli- um. The effects of the electromagnetic radia- tion on G-6-PD activity are demonstrated in Fig. 3. For G-6-PD electromagnetic radiation ex- posure reduced enzyme activity at the center of the lens epithelium and increased enzyme ac- tivity at the equators. The reduced color of the cells (Fig. 3ab) demonstrates damage to this area of the epithelial layer. ache, dizziness, fatigue, itching or tingling of the skin, redness on the skin, and sensations of warmth on the skin. The results did not reveal any differences between exposure and non-expo- sure conditions, suggesting that a 30-60 min exposure to this RF field does not produce sub- jective symptoms in humans. Inskip et al (2001) examined the use of cellular telephones in a case-control study of intracranial tumours of the nervous system conducted between 1994 and 1998. Of 782 patients in hospitals in Phoenix, AZ; Boston CT; and Pittsburgh PA; 489 had histolog- ically confirmed gliomas, 197 had meningiomas and 96 had acoustic neuromas. The 799 con- trols were patients admitted to the same hospi- tals as the patients with brain tumors for a varie- ty of non-malignant conditions. There was no evidence that the risks were higher among per- sons who used cellular telephones for 60 or more minutes per day or regularly for five or more years. Their conclusion was that the data do not support the hypothesis that the recent use of hand-held cellular telephones causes brain tu- mors, but data are insufficient to evaluate the risks among long-term, heavy users and for po- tentially long induction periods. In our experi- mental study we exposed bovine lenses in organ culture conditions to electromagnetic radiation of 1.1 GHz-2.2mW for 192 cycles of 50 min irra- diation and 10 min break and followed changes in lens epithelial enzyme activities. MethodsMethodsMethodsMethodsMethods Organ Culture System Bovine lenses (1 year old) were used in this study. Each lens was placed in a glass and sili- con rubber chamber containing 24ml of culture medium (M 199) with Earl’s balanced salt solu- tion, supplemented with 5.96g/L HEPES, 3% di- alyzed fetal calf serum and antibiotics (penicillin 100 U/ml and streptomycin 0.1 mg/ml). Lenses were completely immersed in culture medium both below and above. The medium was changed daily. The lenses were incubated at 35°C. Experimental treatments started after pre- incubation of 24 hours (Dovrat et al 1986). Electromagnetic radiation system A computer-controlled microwave source was built. It consists of a voltage-controlled os- cillator generating a constant microwave pow- er. The output is attenuated by two attenuators: one is fixed and the other is variable, permitting the desired degree of freedom regarding the ex- posure intensity. The microwave signal is direct- ed into a 30 dB amplifier which has a maximum output of 1 W. A four arm power-splitter provides each transmission line with a microwave signal attenuated by 7 dB relative to the output of the ÀÊÒÓÀËÜÍÛÅ ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÛ ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÎÉ ÌÅÄÈÖÈÍÛ � ¹ 1, 2005 ã. 9292929292 ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF TRANSPORT MEDICINE � # 1, 2005 Concentration of SH-SS groups in proteins of the lens epithelial cells show reduction of SH groups at the center and also at the equators of the lens epithelium (Fig. 4 a). After electromagnetic exposure there is no difference between SH and SS groups at the center of the lens epithelium however at the equators there is difference between SH and SS groups (Fig. 4 b). DiscussionDiscussionDiscussionDiscussionDiscussion Our results show that electromagnetic ra- diation has a clear impact on the eye lens. Adey et al (2000) in a 2-year bioassay, ex- posed Fischer 344 rats to a frequency-modulat- ed signal (836.55 MHz) and tested for effects on spontaneous tumorigenicity of central nervous system tumors in the offspring of pregnant rats and also for modified incidence of primary tu- mors in rats treated with a single dose of the neu- rocarcinogen ethylnitrosourea (ENU) in utero. Intermittent field exposures began on gestation day 19 and continued until weaning at 21 days, resuming thereafter at 31 days and continuing until experiment termination at 731-734 days. Energy absorption rates (SARs) in the rats’ brains were similar to localized peak brain expo- sures of a phone user. Of the original 540 rats, 168 died before the termination of the experi- ment. In these rats, ENU significantly reduced survival. There were no effects on survival attrib- utable to FM field exposure. Spontaneous tumor incidence in control groups was 1.1-4.4% but sharply higher in rats re- ceiving ENU. Chou et al (1992) investigated the effects of long-term (25 months), low-level (144 mW) microwave irradia- tion on 100 male rats. They found significant changes in serum corti- costerone and a near fourfold increase of pri- mary malignancies. Gos et al (2000) ex- posed yeast cells to 900- MHz fields at specific ab- sorption rates (SAR) of 0.13 and 1.3 W/kg and ex- amined the genotoxic po- tential. They claim that no mutagenic or recombino- genic effects were detect- ed as compared with known mutagen. Li et al. (2001) exposed murine C3H 10T(1/2) fibroblasts to3.2-5.1 W/kg specific absorption rate (SAR) ra- dio frequency fields. The cells in cultures were ex- posed to 847.74 MHz code-division multiple ac- cess (CDMA) and 835.62 frequency-division multi- ple access (FDMA) mod- ulated radiations in radial transmission line (RTL) ir- radiators in which the tem- perature was regulated to 37.0 +/- 0.3 degrees C. The exposure time was: 2, 4 or 24 h. Their experi- ments show that these �� Aldolase Day 10 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 Center Equator In te g ra ti o n O f O p ti ca l D en si ty Control �� 192 cycles Fig. 2b. Integration of optical density of aldolase activities at the lens epithelial cells. A B Fig. 2a. Aldolase activity at the lens epithelial cells of the center zone (10x40). A — Control lens B — Lens exposed to electromagnetic radiation 192 cycles of 1.1GHz, 2.2mW A B Fig. 1. H&E staining of lens epithelial center zone on day 12 of the culture (10x40) A — Control lens B — Lens exposed to electromagnetic radiation 192 cycles of 1.1GHz, 2.2mW 9393939393 ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF TRANSPORT MEDICINE � # 1, 2005 ÀÊÒÓÀËÜÍÛÅ ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÛ ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÎÉ ÌÅÄÈÖÈÍÛ � ¹ 1, 2005 ã. conditions did not induce measurable DNA dam- age. Also there is no evi- dence for induction of DNA single-strand breaks in human blood lym- phocytes exposed for 2 h in vitro to pulsed-wave 2450 MHz radiofrequen- cy radiation, as compared with cells exposed to gamma-ray source that were used as controls. The cells were tested ei- ther immediately or at 4 h after exposure. (Vijayal- axmi et al 2000.( Lai and Singh (1996) investigated the effects of acute (2h) exposure to pulsed and continuous wave 2450- MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on DNA strand breaks in brain cells of rat. The spa- tial averaged power den- sity of the radiation was 2mW/cm2, which pro- duced a whole-body av- erage-specific absorption rate of 1.2W/kg. They measured single and double-strand DNA breaks in individual brain cells at 4h post-exposure using a microgel electro- phoresis assay. In our study we showed that exposure to 1.1GHz, at power of 2.2mW affects lens epi- thelium as demonstrated by changes in cell struc- ture and epithelial enzyme activities. Electromagnet- ic radiation has a clear im- pact on the eye lens. Ex- posure above specific en- ergy levels affects lens epithelium. ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesReferences 1. Adey WR. Byus CV. Cain CD. Higgins RJ. Jones RA. Kean CJ. Kuster N. MacMurray A. Stagg RB. Zimmerman G (2000). SpontaneousSpontaneousSpontaneousSpontaneousSpontaneous and nitrosourea-in-and nitrosourea-in-and nitrosourea-in-and nitrosourea-in-and nitrosourea-in- A B Fig. 3a. G-6-PD activities at the lens epithelial cells of the center zone (10x40). A — Control lens B — Lens exposed to electromagnetic radiation 192 cycles of 1.1GHz, 0.89mW �� G6PD Day 10 0 50 100 150 200 250 Center EquatorIn te g ra tio n O f O p tic al D en si ty Control �� 192c0.89mW Fig. 3b. Integration of optical density of G-6-PD activities at the lens epithelial cells. A B Fig. 4a.Concentration of SS-SH- groups in proteins of the lens epithelial cells (10x40). A — Control lens B — Lens exposed to electromagnetic radiation 192 cycles of 1.1GHz, 0.89mW �� 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Center Equator In te g ra tio n O f O p tic al D en si ty Control SH-gr �� Control SS-gr �� 192 c SH-gr �� 192c SS-gr SS-SH-group Day 10 Fig. 4b. Integration of optical density of SS-SH-groups in the lens epithelial cells. ÀÊÒÓÀËÜÍÛÅ ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÛ ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÎÉ ÌÅÄÈÖÈÍÛ � ¹ 1, 2005 ã. 9494949494 ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF TRANSPORT MEDICINE � # 1, 2005 duced primary tumors of the central nerv-duced primary tumors of the central nerv-duced primary tumors of the central nerv-duced primary tumors of the central nerv-duced primary tumors of the central nerv- ous system in Fischer 344 rats exposed toous system in Fischer 344 rats exposed toous system in Fischer 344 rats exposed toous system in Fischer 344 rats exposed toous system in Fischer 344 rats exposed to frequency-modulated microwave fields.frequency-modulated microwave fields.frequency-modulated microwave fields.frequency-modulated microwave fields.frequency-modulated microwave fields. Cancer Research 63:1857-60, 2. Chou, C.K. Guy, A. W. Kunz, L. L. Johnson, R.B. Crowley, J.J. and Krupp J.H. (1992) Long-Term, Low-Level Microwave Irradi-Long-Term, Low-Level Microwave Irradi-Long-Term, Low-Level Microwave Irradi-Long-Term, Low-Level Microwave Irradi-Long-Term, Low-Level Microwave Irradi- ation of Ratsation of Ratsation of Ratsation of Ratsation of Rats. Bioelectromagnetics 13:469- 496 3. Dovrat A, Sivak JG, Gershon D (1986) NovelNovelNovelNovelNovel approach to monitoring lens function dur-approach to monitoring lens function dur-approach to monitoring lens function dur-approach to monitoring lens function dur-approach to monitoring lens function dur- ing organ cultureing organ cultureing organ cultureing organ cultureing organ culture. Lens Research 3:207- 215. 4. Dovrat, A. Berenson, R. Bormusov, E. Lahav, A. Lustman, T. Sharon, N. and Schächter, L. (2005) Localized Effects of Non-IonizingLocalized Effects of Non-IonizingLocalized Effects of Non-IonizingLocalized Effects of Non-IonizingLocalized Effects of Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation on the EyeElectromagnetic Radiation on the EyeElectromagnetic Radiation on the EyeElectromagnetic Radiation on the EyeElectromagnetic Radiation on the Eye Lens. Lens. Lens. Lens. Lens. Bioelectromagnetics 26:398-405. 5. Gos P. Eicher B. Kohli J. Heyer WD. (2000). No mutagenic or recombinogenic effectsNo mutagenic or recombinogenic effectsNo mutagenic or recombinogenic effectsNo mutagenic or recombinogenic effectsNo mutagenic or recombinogenic effects of mobile phone fields at 900 MHz detect-of mobile phone fields at 900 MHz detect-of mobile phone fields at 900 MHz detect-of mobile phone fields at 900 MHz detect-of mobile phone fields at 900 MHz detect- ed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.ed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.ed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.ed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.ed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioelectromagnetics. 21:515-23, 6. Inskip PD. Tarone RE. Hatch EE. Wilcosky TC. Shapiro WR Selker RG. Fine HA. Black PM. Loeffler JS. Linet MS. (2001).Cellular-Cellular-Cellular-Cellular-Cellular- telephone use and brain tumorstelephone use and brain tumorstelephone use and brain tumorstelephone use and brain tumorstelephone use and brain tumors. New Eng- land Journal of Medicine. 344:79-86, 7. Koivisto M. Haarala C. Krause CM. Revon- suo A. Laine M. Hamalainen H. (2001) GSMGSMGSMGSMGSM phone signal does not produce subjectivephone signal does not produce subjectivephone signal does not produce subjectivephone signal does not produce subjectivephone signal does not produce subjective symptoms. symptoms. symptoms. symptoms. symptoms. Bioelectromagnetics. 22:212- 215, 8. Li L. Bisht KS. LaGroye I. Zhang P. Straube WL. Moros EG. Roti Roti JL (2001). Meas-Meas-Meas-Meas-Meas- urement of DNA damage in mammalianurement of DNA damage in mammalianurement of DNA damage in mammalianurement of DNA damage in mammalianurement of DNA damage in mammalian cells exposed in vitro to radiofrequencycells exposed in vitro to radiofrequencycells exposed in vitro to radiofrequencycells exposed in vitro to radiofrequencycells exposed in vitro to radiofrequency fields at SARs of 3-5 W/kg.fields at SARs of 3-5 W/kg.fields at SARs of 3-5 W/kg.fields at SARs of 3-5 W/kg.fields at SARs of 3-5 W/kg. Radiation Re- search.156:328-32, 9. Lai H and Singh NP (1996) Single and dou-) Single and dou-) Single and dou-) Single and dou-) Single and dou- ble-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells af-ble-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells af-ble-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells af-ble-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells af-ble-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells af- ter acute exposure to radiofrequencyter acute exposure to radiofrequencyter acute exposure to radiofrequencyter acute exposure to radiofrequencyter acute exposure to radiofrequency electromag-netic radiationelectromag-netic radiationelectromag-netic radiationelectromag-netic radiationelectromag-netic radiation. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 69:513-21, 10. Pearse A.G. Everson. (1972) Histochemistry.Theoretical and Applied.3 editon.Ediburgh ahd London, 11. Richter E. Berman T. Ben-Michael E. Laster R. Westin JB. (2000).Cancer in radar tech-Cancer in radar tech-Cancer in radar tech-Cancer in radar tech-Cancer in radar tech- nicians exposed to radiofrequency/micro-nicians exposed to radiofrequency/micro-nicians exposed to radiofrequency/micro-nicians exposed to radiofrequency/micro-nicians exposed to radiofrequency/micro- wave radiation: sentinel episodeswave radiation: sentinel episodeswave radiation: sentinel episodeswave radiation: sentinel episodeswave radiation: sentinel episodes. Interna- tional Journal of Occupational & Environ- mental Health. 6:187-93, 12. Sandstrom M. Wilen J. Oftedal G. Hansson Mild K (2001) Mobile phone use and sub-Mobile phone use and sub-Mobile phone use and sub-Mobile phone use and sub-Mobile phone use and sub- jective symptoms. Comparison of symp-jective symptoms. Comparison of symp-jective symptoms. Comparison of symp-jective symptoms. Comparison of symp-jective symptoms. Comparison of symp- toms experienced by users of analoguetoms experienced by users of analoguetoms experienced by users of analoguetoms experienced by users of analoguetoms experienced by users of analogue and digital mobile phonesand digital mobile phonesand digital mobile phonesand digital mobile phonesand digital mobile phones. Occupational Medicine (Oxford).51:25-35, 13. Vijayalaxmi. Leal BZ. Szilagyi M. Prihoda TJ. Meltz ML. (2000). Primary DNA damage inPrimary DNA damage inPrimary DNA damage inPrimary DNA damage inPrimary DNA damage in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vit-human blood lymphocytes exposed in vit-human blood lymphocytes exposed in vit-human blood lymphocytes exposed in vit-human blood lymphocytes exposed in vit- ro to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation.ro to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation.ro to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation.ro to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation.ro to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation. Radiation Research. 153:479-86, SummarySummarySummarySummarySummary Purpose: To investigate the effects of non- ionizing electromagnetic radiation on the eye lens using a lens organ culture system. Methods: Bovine lenses were incubated in organ culture conditions for 10 days. 59 lenses were used in this study. Treated lenses were ex- posed to 1.1GHz, 2.22mW for 192 cycles of 50 minutes irradiation followed by 10 minutes pause. At the end of the culture period control and treated lenses were taken for enzyme anal- ysis. Results: Exposure to 2.22mW at 1.1GHz caused damage to the lens. The radiation dam- age appeared at the lens epithelial layer accom- panied by activity changes of lens epithelial en- zymes. Conclusions: Electromagnetic radiation has a clear impact on the eye lens. Exposure above specific energy levels affects lens epithe- lium as demonstrated by changes in epithelial enzyme activities. ÂËÈßÍÈÅ ÝÌÈ ÍÀ ÝÏÈÒÅËÈÉ ÕÐÓÑÒÀËÈÊÀ ÃËÀÇÀ ÁÛÊÀ Â ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÅ ÒÊÀÍÅÉ Ýëüâèðà Áîðìóñîâà, Àõóâà Äîáðàò Öåëü: èññëåäîâàòü âëèÿíèå íåèîíçèðóþùåãî ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíîãî èçëó÷åíèÿ íà õðóñòàëèê ãëàçà, ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì êóëüòóðû òêàíè õðóñòàëèêà ãëàçà. Ìåòîäû: Õðóñòàëèêè áû÷üåãî ãëàçà áûëè êóëüòèâèðîâàíû â òå÷åíèå 10 äíåé. Èçó÷åíî 59 õðóñòàëèêîâ. Îáðàáîòàííûå õðóñòàëèêè áûëè îáëó÷åíû 1.1 GHz, 2.22mW â òå÷åíèå 192 öèêëîâ ïî 50 ìèíóò ñ ïàóçîé 10 ìèíóò. Çàòåì â êîíòðîëüíûõ è îáðàáîòàííûõ êóëüòóðàëüíûõ êëåòêàõ õðóñòàëèêà îïðåäåëÿëè àêòèâíîñòü ôåðìåíòîâ. Ðåçóëüòàòû: Ýêñïîçèöèÿ 2.22mW è 1.1GHz ïîâðåäèëà õðóñòàëèê ãëàçà. Ëó÷åâîå ïîâðåæäåíèå ïðîÿâèëîñü â ýïèòåëèàëüíîì ñëîå õðóñòàëèêà ãëàçà, è ñîïðîâîæäàëîñü èçìåíåíèÿìè àêòèâíîñòè ýïèòåëèàëüíûõ ôåðìåíòîâ. Âûâîäû: Ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíîå èçëó÷åíèå èìååò âûðàæåííîå âîçäåéñòâèå íà õðóñòàëèê ãëàçà Ýêñïîçèöèÿ îïèñàííûìè âûøå óðîâíÿìè óäåëüíîé ýíåðãèè âîçäåéñòâóåò íà ýïèòåëèé õðóñòàëèêà ãëàçà, ÷òî âûðàæàåòñÿ â èçìåíåíèè àêòèâíîñòè ýïèòåëèàëüíûõ ôåðìåíòîâ.

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