Depopulation processes in the large cities of east macroregion of Ukraine: dynamics and socio-economic reasons
The article examines and typologies the process of depopulation of big cities of East macroregion of Ukraine on the example of Donetsk. It also defines historical and socio-economical reasons of depopulation. Key words: depopulation, agglomeration, self identification, development.
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irk-123456789-240082022-09-29T21:44:18Z Depopulation processes in the large cities of east macroregion of Ukraine: dynamics and socio-economic reasons Myedvyedyev, D.M. International and Regional Economics The article examines and typologies the process of depopulation of big cities of East macroregion of Ukraine on the example of Donetsk. It also defines historical and socio-economical reasons of depopulation. Key words: depopulation, agglomeration, self identification, development. У статті, на прикладі м. Донецьк, розглянуто й типізовано процес депопуляції у великих містах східного макрорегіону України. Визначені історичні та соціально-економічні причини депопуляції. Ключові слова: депопуляція, агломерація, самоідентифікація, розвиток. В статье на примере Донецка рассмотрен и типизирован процессы депопуляции в крупных городах восточного макрорегиона Украины. Определены исторические и социально-экономические причины депопуляции. Ключевые слова: депопуляция, агломерация, самоидентификация, развитие. 2010 Article Depopulation processes in the large cities of east macroregion of Ukraine: dynamics and socio-economic reasons / D.M. Myedvyedyev // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2010. — № 4(22). — С. 119-121. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. 1817-3772 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/24008 314.116-022.252(477.62) en Економічний вісник Донбасу Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України |
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International and Regional Economics International and Regional Economics |
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International and Regional Economics International and Regional Economics Myedvyedyev, D.M. Depopulation processes in the large cities of east macroregion of Ukraine: dynamics and socio-economic reasons Економічний вісник Донбасу |
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The article examines and typologies the process of depopulation of big cities of East macroregion of Ukraine on the example of Donetsk. It also defines historical and socio-economical reasons of depopulation. Key words: depopulation, agglomeration, self identification, development. |
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Article |
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Myedvyedyev, D.M. |
| author_facet |
Myedvyedyev, D.M. |
| author_sort |
Myedvyedyev, D.M. |
| title |
Depopulation processes in the large cities of east macroregion of Ukraine: dynamics and socio-economic reasons |
| title_short |
Depopulation processes in the large cities of east macroregion of Ukraine: dynamics and socio-economic reasons |
| title_full |
Depopulation processes in the large cities of east macroregion of Ukraine: dynamics and socio-economic reasons |
| title_fullStr |
Depopulation processes in the large cities of east macroregion of Ukraine: dynamics and socio-economic reasons |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Depopulation processes in the large cities of east macroregion of Ukraine: dynamics and socio-economic reasons |
| title_sort |
depopulation processes in the large cities of east macroregion of ukraine: dynamics and socio-economic reasons |
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Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України |
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2010 |
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International and Regional Economics |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/24008 |
| citation_txt |
Depopulation processes in the large cities of east macroregion of Ukraine: dynamics and socio-economic reasons / D.M. Myedvyedyev // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2010. — № 4(22). — С. 119-121. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
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Економічний вісник Донбасу |
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2025-07-03T03:28:47Z |
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2025-07-03T03:28:47Z |
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1836594839329701888 |
| fulltext |
119
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4 (22), 2010
Ukraine met XX century with one of the highest
birth rates in Europe. However the following wars (I
World War, civil war, II World War, within which Ukraine
became arena of military operations), socio-economical
patterns of 1920s-end of 1940s negatively influenced
upon natural increase of population.
Over more, deceleration of population increase
speed, which was characteristic for the majority of
industrially developed countries, also added its influence.
Thus if in the period 1897-1913 years (16 years) Ukrainian
population increased in 24%, than in the period 1959-
1976 years (17 years) — in 17 %, and in the period 1976-
1992 years (also 16 years) — only in 6 %.
There has been negative tendency in Ukrainian
population quantity starting from 1993 and was fixed at
influence of transformation economical crisis, connected
with collapse of USSR and Ukrainian independence.
Nevertheless from 1999 the economic renewal started, while
stabilization of population decrease and its decline took place.
Donetsk agglomeration and Donetsk region suffers from
population decrease more seriously than Ukraine at all, at
the same time this example can be characterized by higher
rates of socio-economical development than average in
Ukraine (Table. 1)[1, 347, 402; 2, 281, 333].
Thus explanation of the mentioned tendency does
not have economical nature. Actually Donetsk and
Donetsk region faced with problem of specific negative
dysfunctional consequences and social fees of wide social
reconstructions.
In the light of the mentioned data subjective perception
of the reality could be rather interesting for investigation.
Basing upon population census and questioning data
inhabitants of the East macro region are one of the most
unsatisfied, while population of West macro region shows
lower level of nonsatisfaction. Regarding national aspect
the prevailing part of satisfied by life are Ukrainians (18,2 %
against 13,6% of Russians), majority of unsatisfied are
Russians (68,5% against 60,7 of Ukrainians). Representatives
of other ethnic groups take intermediate positions.
At the same time it is necessary to admit that in
spite of official data, showed Ukrainians as the most
numerous nationality in Donetsk region (38,22%), Donetsk
and Makeevka, Russian part in the region is considerable,
and in the same time exactly Russian language takes
dominant positions in the East macro region of Ukraine
and Donetsk region, what gives possibility to suppose,
that data of population census is connected with
ambiguous and variously oriented processes of self
identification of East Ukraine population [3], [4].
Demographic crisis can be perceived and understood
as reaction of Ukrainian ethnos and different ethnic groups,
resident on Ukrainian territory, upon change of methods
of existence, change of socio-economical reality and
population expectations. In this connection it is necessary
to admit that Russian and Russian speaking population were
deeper influenced by transformational challenge, connected
with collapse of USSR and Ukrainian independence than
Ukrainian population at all. It is connected with obtaining
by these groups new status of national and language
minority within new state formation.
First years of independence showed conflict
between old and new civil identification, which was fixed
by sociological researches based on nationality
representative selection. Namely in 1994 34% of
respondents identified themselves with population of
Ukraine and 17% — with population of post USSR, while
49% of respondents had local identification – with
population of region or their settlement.
Ten years later Ukraine still had old and new civil
identification. Namely in 2004 41% of respondents
identified themselves with population of Ukraine, 11%
— once again with population of nonexistent USSR state;
48% of polled had local identification. Thus in the East
macro region 61% of polled had postsoviet and local
identification, what also characterizes reaction of
population exactly of the mentioned region upon change
of socio-economical patterns.
Birth rate of Donetsk and Makeevka as well as in
Donetsk region and Ukraine at all is extraordinarily low.
Meanwhile last years showed some increase of birth rate
(Table 2.), but its level in 2008 year, namely 9,2% (for
Donetsk) and 9,8% (for Makeevka) is not enough for
even simple population reproduction.
At whole birth rate of Donetsk is lower than average
Ukrainian at 1,7-2,2%, while region rates differ from
country rates at 1,5-1,7%. Makeevka birth rate is lower
than the aforementioned Ukrainian average rate at 1,2-2,3%.
Birth rate can be interpreted as depended not only
upon real socio-economical conditions, but also upon
population expectations; regarding this point of view
differences of birth rates of Donetsk agglomeration,
Donetsk region and Ukraine can be explained in the light
УДК 314.116-022.252(477.62)
D. M. Myedvyedyev,
PhD (Economics)
Institute of Industrial Economics, NAS of Ukraine,
Donetsk
DEPOPULATION PROCESSES IN LARGE CITIES OF EAST MACROREGION
OF UKRAINE: DYNAMICS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC REASONS
D. M. Myedvyedyev
120
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4 (22), 2010
Table 1
Correlation of demographic and socio-economical development of Donetsk city, Donetsk region and Ukraine1
Indexes 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Coefficient of natural increase
of Ukrainian population at all
(for 1000 persons)
-7,6 -7,6 -7,6 -7 ,5 -7,0 -7,6 -6,4 -6,2
-5 ,3
Coefficient of natural increase
of population in Donetsk
region (fo r 1000 persons)
-10,9 -10,3 - 10,6 - 10,3 - 9,9 -10,3 -9,2 -9,1 -8 ,3
Coefficient of natural increase
of Donetsk population (for
1000 persons)
-8,9 -8,5 -8,5 -8 ,1 -7,4 -7,9 -6,8 -7,0 -5 ,8
Coefficient of natural increase
of Makeevka population (for
1000 persons)
-12,8 -12,0 -12,2 -11,6 -11,2 -11,1 -9,8 -9,7 -9 ,2
Average annual level of
registered unemployment in
Ukraine, %
4,3
4,1
3,7
3,7 3,5 3,5 3,1 2,7 2,3
Average annual level of
registered unemployment in
Donetsk region, %
3,5
3,5
2,7
2,8
2,3
1,9
1,6
1,3
2,0
Average annual level of
registered unemployment in
Donetsk, %
1,6
1,5
1,1
1,0
0,9 0,7 0,7 0,6 1,0
Average annual level of
registered unemployment in
Makeevka, %
2,1
2,4
2,0
2,4
1,8 1,4 1,1 1,0 1,6
Average real month salary in
Ukraine in hrivna 230 293
351
405 460 570 660 734 802
Average real month salary in
Donetsk region in hrivna 292
357
423
473 539 650 724 812 857
Average real month salary in
Donetsk in hrivna 299
372
436
476
552
681 768 881 939
Average real month salary in
Makeevka in hrivna 252
287
359
411
470
589 623 772 846
1) Real salary correlated with prices of 2000 year
Table 2
Birth rates of Donetsk agglomeration, Donetsk region and Ukraine
Donetsk Makeevka Donetsk region Ukraine
Years For 1000 persons of
population, ‰
For 1000 persons of
population, ‰
For 1000 persons of
population, ‰
For 1000 persons of
population, ‰
2000 5,6 5,5 6,1 7,8
2001 5,6 5,6 6,1 7,7
2002 6,1 5,9 6,4 8,1
2003 6,6 6,7 7,0 8,5
2004 7,3 7,4 7,6 9,0
2005 7,5 7,7 7,7 9,0
2006 8,0 8,5 8,5 9,8
2007 8,2 8,9 8,9 10,2
2008 9,2 9,8 9,8 11,0
of some socio-economical pessimism of population of
East macro region, at the same time comparison of data
of the Tables 1 and 2 shows different tendencies.
On the one hand birth rate and natural increase rate
regarding data of the Tables 1 and 2 has clear increase
tendency at increase of socio-economical development
D. M. Myedvyedyev
121
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4 (22), 2010
rates, on the other — for inhabitants of Donetsk region,
which have lower revenue level than those of Donetsk,
higher birth rate is inherent (starting from 2003 year the
same tendency took place when comparing birth rates
of Donetsk and Makeevka). This confirms supposition
that low birth rate as well as coefficient of population
nature increase of Donetsk is to a great extent stipulated
by specificity of Donetsk, shown up at not only
Ukrainian, but also at interregional level.
For Donetsk lower death rate than average Ukrainian
is common, while Makeevka and Donetsk region at all
demonstrates higher death level than average in the
country (Table 3).
Mentioned data gives possibility to suppose that Donetsk
is in transformation process to «the second reproduction type»,
which is characterized by not high birth rate and increased
average life-span. This tendency is the mostly noticeable at
comparison of demographic tendencies, inherent to Donetsk
and Donetsk region, as well as Makeevka (in which the
mentioned transformation process has not been fulfilled yet).
It is also necessary to admit that formation of the mentioned
reproduction type takes place on the background of deep
consequences of transformational socio-economical crisis.
At the current moment for definition of the reasons
of depopulation in East macroregion of Ukraine it is
necessary to carry out researches separately for every
city, but stabilization of economical situation and increase
of agreement level of Ukrainian society possibly will lead
depopulation processes in the big cities of East
macroregion of Ukraine to common European tendencies
(namely to not significant positive balance of natural
increase of quantity of population and to not significant
negative balance, which is compensated by migration).
References
1. Статистичний щорічник України за 2008 рік /
Держкомстат Україні / за ред. О. Г. Осауленка; відп.
за вип. Н. П. Павленко. — К. : Консультант, 2009. —
566 с. 2. Статистичний щорічник Донецької області
за 2008 рік / Головне управління статистики у До-
нецькій області / за ред. О. А. Зеленого; відп. за вип.
Л. О. Мішина. — Донецьк, 2009. — 496 с. 3. Пани-
на Н. В., Головаха Е. И. Национальная толерантность
и идентичность в Украине: опыт применения шкалы
социальной дистанции в мониторинговом социоло-
гическом исследовании / Н. В. Панина, Е. И. Головаха //
Социологический Журнал, 2006 — №3-4. — С. 102 —
126. 4. D. Stuckler, L. King, and M. McKee (2009).
“Mass privatisation and the post-communist mortality
crisis: a cross-national analysis,” The Lancet (January)
373 (9661): P. 399 — 407.
Myedvyedyev D. M. Depopulation processes in
the large cities of east macroregion of Ukraine:
dynamics and socio-economic reasons
The article examines and typologies the process of
depopulation of big cities of East macroregion of Ukraine
on the example of Donetsk. It also defines historical and
socio-economical reasons of depopulation.
Key words: depopulation, agglomeration, self
identification, development.
Мєдвєдєв Д. М. Депопуляційні процеси у ве-
ликих містах східного макрорегіону України: ди-
наміка та соціально-економічні причини
У статті, на прикладі м. Донецьк, розглянуто й
типізовано процес депопуляції у великих містах східно-
го макрорегіону України. Визначені історичні та со-
ціально-економічні причини депопуляції.
Ключові слова: депопуляція, агломерація, само-
ідентифікація, розвиток.
Медведев Д. Н. Депопуляционные процессы в
крупных городах восточного макрорегиона Украины:
динамика и социально-экономические причины
В статье на примере Донецка рассмотрен и типизи-
рован процессы депопуляции в крупных городах вос-
точного макрорегиона Украины. Определены историчес-
кие и социально-экономические причины депопуляции.
Ключевые слова: депопуляция, агломерация, са-
моидентификация, развитие.
Received by the editors: 01.11.2010
and final form in 01.12.2010
Table 3
Death rates in Donetsk agglomeration, Donetsk region and Ukraine
Donetsk Makeevka Donetsk region Ukraine
Years For 1000 persons of
population, ‰
For 1000 persons of
population, ‰
For 1000 persons of
population, ‰
For 1000 persons of
population, ‰
2000 14,4 18,3 18,1 15,4
2001 14,1 17,6 16,5 15,3
2002 14,6 18,1 17,1 15,7
2003 14,7 18,3 17,3 16,0
2004 14,7 18,6 17,5 16,0
2005 15,4 18,8 18,0 16,6
2006 14,8 18,1 17,7 16,2
2007 15,2 18,6 18,0 16,4
2008 15,0 19,0 18,1 16,3
D. M. Myedvyedyev
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