Description of the Larva of Athous monilicornis (Coleoptera, Elateridae), with Notes on the Species Distribution
First description of the larva of Athous (Haplathous) monilicornis Schwarz, 1897, a species endemic to the Balkan Peninsula, known so far from Bulgaria, and reported in this paper from Macedonia and Greece as well. The larva differs from the other representative of subgenus Haplathous occurring in...
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Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
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| Цитувати: | Description of the Larva of Athous monilicornis (Coleoptera, Elateridae), with Notes on the Species Distribution / L. Penev // Вестн. зоологии. — 2005. — Т. 39, № 1. — С. 55-58. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-31852009-07-17T15:20:10Z Description of the Larva of Athous monilicornis (Coleoptera, Elateridae), with Notes on the Species Distribution Penev, L. First description of the larva of Athous (Haplathous) monilicornis Schwarz, 1897, a species endemic to the Balkan Peninsula, known so far from Bulgaria, and reported in this paper from Macedonia and Greece as well. The larva differs from the other representative of subgenus Haplathous occurring in the high mountains of Bulgaria Athous subfuscus (Muller), by the width of the pit of the urogomphi. Athous monilicornis is confined to the subalpine habitats and the upper coniferous forests belt of the mountains of Bulgaria, Macedonia and Greece. Впервые описана личинка щелкуна Athous (Haplathous) monilicornis Schwarz, 1897, вида, эндемичного для Балканского п-ова и известного из Болгарии, а также Греции и Македонии. От личинок встречающегося в высокогорьях Болгарии Athous (Haplathous) subfuscus (Muller) отличается шириной ямки на урогомфах. Распространение A. monilicornis в горах Болгарии, Македонии и Греции ограничено субальпикой и верхней частью пояса хвойного леса. 2005 Article Description of the Larva of Athous monilicornis (Coleoptera, Elateridae), with Notes on the Species Distribution / L. Penev // Вестн. зоологии. — 2005. — Т. 39, № 1. — С. 55-58. — англ. 0084-5604 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/3185 595.765 en Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
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First description of the larva of Athous (Haplathous) monilicornis Schwarz, 1897, a species endemic to the Balkan Peninsula, known so far from Bulgaria, and reported in this paper from Macedonia and Greece as well. The larva differs from the other representative of subgenus Haplathous occurring in the high mountains of Bulgaria Athous subfuscus (Muller), by the width of the pit of the urogomphi. Athous monilicornis is confined to the subalpine habitats and the upper coniferous forests belt of the mountains of Bulgaria, Macedonia and Greece. |
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Penev, L. |
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Penev, L. Description of the Larva of Athous monilicornis (Coleoptera, Elateridae), with Notes on the Species Distribution |
| author_facet |
Penev, L. |
| author_sort |
Penev, L. |
| title |
Description of the Larva of Athous monilicornis (Coleoptera, Elateridae), with Notes on the Species Distribution |
| title_short |
Description of the Larva of Athous monilicornis (Coleoptera, Elateridae), with Notes on the Species Distribution |
| title_full |
Description of the Larva of Athous monilicornis (Coleoptera, Elateridae), with Notes on the Species Distribution |
| title_fullStr |
Description of the Larva of Athous monilicornis (Coleoptera, Elateridae), with Notes on the Species Distribution |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Description of the Larva of Athous monilicornis (Coleoptera, Elateridae), with Notes on the Species Distribution |
| title_sort |
description of the larva of athous monilicornis (coleoptera, elateridae), with notes on the species distribution |
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Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
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2005 |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/3185 |
| citation_txt |
Description of the Larva of Athous monilicornis (Coleoptera, Elateridae), with Notes on the Species Distribution / L. Penev // Вестн. зоологии. — 2005. — Т. 39, № 1. — С. 55-58. — англ. |
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AT penevl descriptionofthelarvaofathousmonilicorniscoleopteraelateridaewithnotesonthespeciesdistribution |
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2025-07-02T06:27:36Z |
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2025-07-02T06:27:36Z |
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1836515492295081984 |
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UDC 595.765
DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF ATHOUS
MONILICORNIS (COLEOPTERA, ELATERIDAE)
WITH NOTES ON THE SPECIES DISTRIBUTION
L. Penev
Central Laboratory of General Ecology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,
2, Yu. Gagarin Str., Sofia, 1113 Bulgaria
E-mail: info@pensoft.net
Accepted 24 January 2005
Description of the Larva of Athous monilicornis (Coleoptera, Elateridae), with Notes on the Species
Distribution. Penev L. — First description of the larva of Athous (Haplathous) monilicornis Schwarz,
1897, a species endemic to the Balkan Peninsula, known so far from Bulgaria, and reported in this
paper from Macedonia and Greece as well. The larva differs from the other representative of subgenus
Haplathous occurring in the high mountains of Bulgaria Athous subfuscus (Mu�ller), by the width of the
pit of the urogomphi. Athous monilicornis is confined to the subalpine habitats and the upper coniferous
forests belt of the mountains of Bulgaria, Macedonia and Greece.
Ke y wo r d s: Coleoptera, Elateridae, click beetles, Athous monilicornis, A. subfuscus, larva, Balkan
Peninsula.
Îïèñàíèå ëè÷èíêè Athous monilicornis (Coleoptera, Elateridae), ñ çàìå÷àíèÿìè î ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè
âèäà. Ïåíåâ Ë. — Âïåðâûå îïèñàíà ëè÷èíêà ùåëêóíà Athous (Haplathous) monilicornis Schwarz,
1897, âèäà, ýíäåìè÷íîãî äëÿ Áàëêàíñêîãî ï-îâà è èçâåñòíîãî èç Áîëãàðèè, à òàêæå Ãðåöèè è
Ìàêåäîíèè. Îò ëè÷èíîê âñòðå÷àþùåãîñÿ â âûñîêîãîðüÿõ Áîëãàðèè Athous (Haplathous) subfuscus
(Mu�ller) îòëè÷àåòñÿ øèðèíîé ÿìêè íà óðîãîìôàõ. Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå A. monilicornis â ãîðàõ
Áîëãàðèè, Ìàêåäîíèè è Ãðåöèè îãðàíè÷åíî ñóáàëüïèêîé è âåðõíåé ÷àñòüþ ïîÿñà õâîéíîãî ëåñà.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: Coleoptera, Elateridae, æóêè-ùåëêóíû, Athous monilicornis, A. subfuscus,
ëè÷èíêà, Áàëêàíñêèé ïîëóîñòðîâ.
This paper is dedicated with deep affection to the memory of Professor Vladimir
Gdalich Dolin (1932–2004) who was my teacher, mentor, and eventually a close and dear
friend, and who stimulated my interest and research career in the systematics of elaterid
beetles and their larvae. I shall always be deeply obliged to Professor Dolin for his patience,
understanding and encouragement for my work since my earliest student’s days, and for his
continued unstinting enthusiasm, help and wonderful hospitality during several visits to Kyiv
and his home.
Introduction
The larva of this species was discovered some 25 years ago on Vitosha Mt., Bulgaria, when I was
preparing my master degree, greatly inspired by the appearance of Dolin’s fundamental work “The larvae of
click-beetles of the USSR fauna” (Dolin, 1978). The larva was not described because I failed to rear it. A few
years ago, on 21.06.2001, during a field excursion in Pirin Mt., Bulgaria, on the way between Vihren Hut and
Muratovo Lake, at 2150 m a. s. l., I collected a larva and pupa with exuvium in the upper soil layer of
subalpine meadow, near the roots of Veratrum lobellianum Bernh. The larva was identical to the exuvium. Some
characters of the pupa, especially the shape of the antennal segments, as well as the morphological differences
of the larva from those of the only Haplathous species recorded from the high mountains of Bulgaria — Athous
subfuscus (Mu�ller) — convinced us that the larva may belong only to Athous monilicornis Schwarz.
In this study, material (adult beetles) deposited in the following collections was examined: DEI —
Deutsche Entomologisches Institut, Zentrum fu �r Agrarlandschafts- und Landnutzungsforschung, Mu �ncheberg
(formerly Eberswalde), Germany; MTD — National Museum of Zoology (Staatliches Museum fu �r Tierkun-
de), Dresden, Germany; NMP — National Museum (Narodny´ Muzeum), Prague (Kunratice), Czech Repu-
blic; NMNHS — National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Vestnik zoologii, 39(1): 55–58, 2005
© L. Penev, 2005
Athous monilicornis O. Schwarz, 1897 (fig. 1, A–G; 2)
Schwarz, 1897: 134.
Ma t e r i a l. Immature stages. Bulgaria, Pirin Mt., between Vihren Hut and Muratovo Lake, 2150 m
a. s. l., 21.06.2001, 1 larva and pupa with exuvium, coll. L. Penev.
Adults. Bulgaria: “Balkan, Merkl”, 5 specimens; Sofia, Vitosha, 21.07.1908, 1 specimen; Rila Geb.,
07.1911, 1 specimen, M. Hilf; Bulg. Rila-Kloster, 10.7.1911, 1 specimen, M. Hilf; Bulg., Rhodope-Geb., 1 spe-
cimen, M. Hilf; ibid., 21.7, 1 specimen, M. Hilf (DEI); “Bulg., Sofia, Vitovsa pl., 21.07[19].08”, 2 speci-
mens, Rambousek (coll. Pecirka), one of the specimens determined by E. Reitter; Bulgaria, Mussala, 2 speci-
mens, leg. Purkyne (coll. Pecirka); “Haut Pirin, 07.1932”, several specimens, Marjan et Taborsky leg., coll.
et det. Jagemann; “Bulg., Kostenec, Rhodopy” (sic!) 07.1935, Taborsky leg., coll. et det. Jagemann [the last
locality is questionable, as Kostenec is situated in Rila Mt, not in Rodopi Mt. — L. P.] (NMP); Strandzha
Mt. (Bulg.), coll. Markovitch, 1 specimen (NMNHS) [this record requires confirmation because of the lack
of subalpine belt in Strandzha Mt., which is the typical habitat of Athous monilicornis].
Macedonia (FYRO Macedonia): “Maced. Perister alpin., VII.14, Rmbs.”, 1 specimen, det. Rambousek
(MTD); “Maced. Perister alpin., VII.14, Rmbs.”, coll. Pecirka, 8 specimens (NMP); Greece: “Turc.
Chalkid.[iki], Mt. Athos, 7.09, Rmbs”, 1 specimen (NMP).
T yp e l o c a l i t y: “Balkan: Bulgarien”.
De s c r i p t i o n. Larva. Body. Length to 18 mm, width 2.5 mm, ratio length to
width 7.5 (fig. 1, A). Body more or less parallel-sided, widest part at both metathorax
and 1st abdominal segment. Shape of body almost cylindrical, moderately flattened, rel-
atively straight and only slightly curved ventrally in proximal part. Ventral surfaces scle-
rotized and intensively pigmented in reddish-yellow to dark reddish-brown at hind edge
of terga. Ventral surfaces lightly pigmented.
Head prognathous and protracted, 1.2 wider than long (fig. 1, B). Head capsule
shiny and scarcely punctated. Five usual subnasal pairs of setae present, parietal, prox-
imal, and mesal pairs absent. Lateral parts of head capsule with 3 setae. Front middle
part of head capsule with a long seta and 5 smaller setae situated in a vertical row
behind it. Epicranium truncated at base, epicranial suture absent (fig. 2, B). Mandibles
strong with sclerotized retinaculum on middle. Nasale short and tridentate, three teeth
of similar size present, external ones slightly divergent.
Thorax. Protergum longer than meso- and metaterga, ratio width to length 1.14;
thoracal terga shiny, scarcely punctated without asperities and with clear furrow in the
middle. Protergum with 3–4 setae situated laterally both at base and in fore part, meso-
and metaterga with a pair of setae in fore lateral part and 3 setae in hind lateral part.
Abdomen. Abdominal terga shiny (fig. 1, D–G), scarcely punctated, with very slight
rows of asperities, with clear furrow in middle, basal flap interrupted in middle and
reaches ca. 3/4 to 4/5 of width of tergum. Terga with 6–8, in most cases 7, setae on
both sides at base and a seta in fore lateral side near to tracheal gill (fig. 1, D; 2, A).
Abdominal tergum 8 with additional pairs of setae laterally in middle. Abdominal ter-
gum 9 forming a plate (fig. 1, F; 2, A), very slightly wider than long (ratio 1.1); with
patches of asperities; with paired processes or urogomphi; with a pit between urogom-
phi; pit slightly wider than base of urogomphus; edges of tergal plate with 5 well-
expressed tubercula, 5th pair situated slightly below base of urogomphus, ca. 1.5x less
than 4th pair. Urogomphi bifurcate; external processes thin, posteriorly oriented, ca. 1.5x
longer than internal (fig. 1, E, F; 2, A). Pleurites with 1 seta at base, hyposternites with
1 pair of setae at base; sternites shiny, very scarcely punctated, slightly pigmented in
middle at base; with 2–3 setae at fore lateral part and 4 setae at base (fig. 1, D, E, G).
The larva of Athous monilicornis can be distinguished from that of Athous subfuscus
by the following characters:
1 (2). Pit of caudal segment slightly wider than base of urogomphus (fig. 1, F; 2, A); internal processes of
urogomphi with well-expressed angle on external edge; 5th lateral tuberculum of segment 9 ca. 1.5x
less than 4th (fig. 1, F). .......................................................................... Athous monilicornis Schwarz
2 (1). Pit of caudal segment narrower than base of urogomphus (fig. 1, H); internal processes of urogomphi
with flattened external edge; 5th lateral tuberculum of segment 9 more than 2x less than 4th (fig. 1, H).
................................................................................................................... Athous subfuscus (Mu�ller)
56 L. Penev
Di s t r i b u t i o n. Described from Bulgaria without providing details of a more pre-
cise locality (Schwarz, 1897). In the subsequent revision, it was classified into the sub-
genus Haplathous Stephen, and its distribution was mentioned as being “Bulgarien: Bal-
kangebirge” (= Stara planina Mts. — L. P.) (Reitter, 1905). The species seems to be
rather common in the mountains and was often recorded in several papers devoted to
the click beetle fauna of Bulgaria.
57Description of the Larva of Athous monilicornis (Coleoptera, Elateridae)...
Fig. 1. Athous monilicornis (A–G) and A. subfuscus (H): A — total view; B — head and prothorax, dorsal view;
C — head and part of prosternum, ventral view; D — abdomen, lateral view; E — 8th and 9th abdominal
segments, lateral view; F, H — 7th, 8th and 9th abdominal segments, dorsal view; G — same, ventral view.
Ðèñ. 1. Athous monilicornis (A–G) è A. subfuscus (H): A — îáùèé âèä; B — ãîëîâà è ïåðåäíåãðóäü, äîð-
ñàëüíî; C — ãîëîâà è ÷àñòü ïðîñòåðíóìà, âåíòðàëüíî; D — áðþøêî, ëàòåðàëüíî; E — 8-é è 9-é
áðþøíûå ñåãìåíòû, ëàòåðàëüíî; F, H — 7-é, 8-é è 9-é áðþøíûå ñåãìåíòû, äîðñàëüíî; G — òî æå,
âåíòðàëüíî.
Until now, the species has been
reported from Vitosha Mt.: Vitosha
(Rambousek, 1912; Roubal, 1936),
Cherni Vrah (Joakimov, 1904), Bist-
rishko Branishte, Aleko, Pogledets,
Kumata, Kominite (Penev, Stoime-
nowa, 1990); Rila Mt.: Tcham-Kou-
ria (= Borovets — L. P.), Mussala
Peak, Ovnarsko (Roubal, 1936), Cer-
na Mesta (Tarnawski, 1984), Paran-
galitsa, Govedartsi (Penev, Stoime-
nova, 1986); Pirin Mt.: Banderitsa,
El-Tepe (= Vihren Peak — L. P.),
Cerna voda (Roubal, 1936), Bansko,
Sandanski, Tremosnica, Melnik (Tar-
nawski, 1984). From the region of
Stara Planina Mts., the species has
been recorded from Veliko Tarnovo
(Roubal, 1936) and Ledenika (Tarnawski, 1984). A few localities are known also from
Osogovo Mt.: Garliano (sic!) (Tarnawski, 1984), Sredna Gora Mt.: Hisar (sic!), Kopriv-
shtitsa (sic!) (Tarnawski, 1984) and Plana Mt.: Germanski manastir (sic!) (Roubal, 1936).
A form of this species slightly distinct from Bulgarian specimens, occurs in Mace-
donia and Greece (see Material).
Hab i t a t p r e f e r e n c e s. Most localities in Bulgaria known to me are situated
above 1500 m a. s. l. Rarely, the species is found below 1500 m a. s. l., as for instance
on Vitosha Mt. (Penev, Stoimenowa, 1990). Therefore, records from localities such as
Bansko, Sandanski, Melnik, Garliano, Koprivshtitsa and Hisar (Tarnawski, 1984), and
Veliko Tarnovo and Germanski manastir (Roubal, 1936) refer most probably to areas
situated far above these towns or villages.
Generally, the species is quite common in the upper part of the coniferous forest
belt and on subalpine meadows. Adult beetles appear in July to August, although sin-
gle specimens are recorded from the end of May and June. The beetles can be caught
in quantities, usually on herbs of subalpine meadows and adjacent coniferous forests
being often observed there on Luzula spp. (Penev, Stoimenowa, 1990).
My thanks are due to Prof. Derek Brown for linguistic editing of the manuscript and to Dr. Gergana
Vasileva, Vera Antonova and Teodor Georgiev for the help in preparing the photos and drawings.
Äîëèí Â. Ã. (Dolin W. G.) Îïðåäåëèòåëü ëè÷èíîê æóêîâ-ùåëêóíîâ ôàóíû ÑÑÑÐ [Identification book of
the larvae of click-beetles of the USSR fauna]. — Êèåâ : Óðîæàé, 1978. — 126 c.
Éîàêèìîâ Ä. (Joakimov D.) Ïðèíîñ êúì áúëãàðñêàòà ôàóíà íà íàñåêîìèòå // Ñáîð. íàð. óìîòâ. íàóêà
è êíèæíèíà. Ñîôèÿ — 1904. — 20, 2. — Ñ. 1–43.
Ïåíåâ Ë. Ä., Ñòîèìåíîâà Â. (Penev L. D., Stoimenova V.) Ïðèíîñ êúì ïðîó÷âàíåòî íà ñåì. Elateridae
(Coleoptera) îò Þãîçàïàäíà Áúëãàðèÿ [Beitrag zur Erforschung der Familie Elateridae (Coleoptera)
in Su �dwestbulgarien ] // Ôàóíà íà Þãîçàïàäíà Áúëãàðèÿ. 1986. — 1. — Ñ. 135–148.
Ïåíåâ Ë. Ä., Ñòîèìåíîâà Â. (Penev L. D., Stoimenowa W.) Ïîëñêè êîâà÷è (Insecta, Coleoptera, Elateri-
dae) îò Âèòîøà [Die Elateridaen (Insecta, Coleoptera, Elateridae) aus Witoscha ] // Ôàóíà íà Þãî-
çàïàäíà Áúëãàðèÿ. 1990. — 3. — Ñ. 112–124.
Ðàìáîóñåê Ô. (Rambousek F.) Ôàóíàòà íà òâúðäîêðèëèòå â Áúëãàðèÿ // Òðóäîâå íà Áúëã. ïðèðîäîèçï.
äðóæåñòâî. — 1912. — 5. — Ñ. 57–113.
Reitter E. Bestimmungstabellen der palearktischen, mit Athous verwandten Elateriden // Verhandl. Natur-
forsch. Vereines in Bru �nn — 1905. — 43. — P. 1–122.
Roubal J. Contribution à la connaissance des Elaterides (Col.) de la Bulgarie // Mitt. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia —
1936. — 16. — P. 57–67.
Schwarz O. Neue palaearktische Elateriden-Arten // Wiener Ent. Zeitung — 1987. — P. 128–136.
Tarnawski D. Die Schnellka �fer Bulgariens (Coleoptera, Elateridae) // Polsk. Pismo Entomol. — 1984. —
57. — P. 421–440.
58 L. Penev
Fig. 2. Athous monilicornis. A — 8th and 9th abdominal
segments, dorsal view; B — epicranium.
Ðèñ. 2. Athous monilicornis. A — 8-é è 9-é áðþøíûå
ñåãìåíòû, äîðñàëüíî; B — ëîáíàÿ ïëàñòèíêà.
A
B
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