Two New Species of the Genus Biston (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from Central Asia
Описан Biston pljushtschi sp. n. из Гиссарского хребта, Таджикистан; вид относительно изолирован в группе видов B. stratarius (Hufnagel, 1767) рода Biston Leach, 1815. Biston stuningi Viidalepp sp. n. из Западного Памира и Западного Тянь-Шаня в Таджикистане, Узбекистане и Кыргызстане относится к гру...
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irk-123456789-37572009-09-01T17:37:36Z Two New Species of the Genus Biston (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from Central Asia Viidalepp, J.R. Краткие сообщения Описан Biston pljushtschi sp. n. из Гиссарского хребта, Таджикистан; вид относительно изолирован в группе видов B. stratarius (Hufnagel, 1767) рода Biston Leach, 1815. Biston stuningi Viidalepp sp. n. из Западного Памира и Западного Тянь-Шаня в Таджикистане, Узбекистане и Кыргызстане относится к группе B. betularius (Linnaeus, 1758), отличаясь рисунком крыльев, строением гениталий самца и задних ног. Проведено сравнение с типами Biston huberaria (Ballion, 1866) и B. tienschana Wehrli, 1940. Голотипы обоих новых видов хранятся в коллекции Института зоологии и ботаники (Тарту, Эстония), паратипы — в различных коллекциях. Biston pljushtschi Viidalepp sp. n. from the Hissar Mountain Range (Tadjikistan) is described. The species is relatively isolated in the B. stratarius (Hufnagel, 1767) group of species of the genus Biston Leach, 1815. Biston stuningi Viidalepp sp. n. from the West Pamirs and Western Tian-Shan in Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrghyzstan belongs to the B. betularius (Linnaeus, 1758) species group of the genus, differing in its wing pattern, male genitalia and hindlegs armature. Types of Biston huberaria (Ballion, 1866) and B. tienschana Wehrli, 1940 are compared. Holotypes of the both new species are deposited in the collection of the Institute of Zoology and Botany (Tartu) (ZBI), paratypes in various collections. 2003 Article Two New Species of the Genus Biston (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from Central Asia / J. R. Viidalepp // Вестн. зоологии. — 2003. — Т. 37, № 3. — С. 89-92. — англ. 0084-5604 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/3757 595.785(5–191.2) en Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
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Краткие сообщения Краткие сообщения |
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Краткие сообщения Краткие сообщения Viidalepp, J.R. Two New Species of the Genus Biston (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from Central Asia |
| description |
Описан Biston pljushtschi sp. n. из Гиссарского хребта, Таджикистан; вид относительно изолирован в группе видов B. stratarius (Hufnagel, 1767) рода Biston Leach, 1815. Biston stuningi Viidalepp sp. n. из Западного Памира и Западного Тянь-Шаня в Таджикистане, Узбекистане и Кыргызстане относится к группе B. betularius (Linnaeus, 1758), отличаясь рисунком крыльев, строением гениталий самца и задних ног. Проведено сравнение с типами Biston huberaria (Ballion, 1866) и B. tienschana Wehrli, 1940. Голотипы обоих новых видов хранятся в коллекции Института зоологии и ботаники (Тарту, Эстония), паратипы — в различных коллекциях. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Viidalepp, J.R. |
| author_facet |
Viidalepp, J.R. |
| author_sort |
Viidalepp, J.R. |
| title |
Two New Species of the Genus Biston (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from Central Asia |
| title_short |
Two New Species of the Genus Biston (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from Central Asia |
| title_full |
Two New Species of the Genus Biston (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from Central Asia |
| title_fullStr |
Two New Species of the Genus Biston (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from Central Asia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Two New Species of the Genus Biston (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from Central Asia |
| title_sort |
two new species of the genus biston (lepidoptera, geometridae, ennominae) from central asia |
| publisher |
Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| publishDate |
2003 |
| topic_facet |
Краткие сообщения |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/3757 |
| citation_txt |
Two New Species of the Genus Biston (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from Central Asia / J. R. Viidalepp // Вестн. зоологии. — 2003. — Т. 37, № 3. — С. 89-92. — англ. |
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2025-07-02T07:00:29Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-02T07:00:29Z |
| _version_ |
1836517561714343936 |
| fulltext |
UDC 595.785(5–191.2)
TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS BISTON (LEPIDOPTERA,
GEOMETRIDAE, ENNOMINAE) FROM CENTRAL ASIA
J. R. Viidalepp
Institute of Zoology and Botany at Estonian Agricultural University,
Riia St. 181, Tartu, 51014 Estonia
E-mail: jaan@zbi.ee
Accepted 18 June 2002
Two New Species of the Genus Biston (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from Central Asia.
Viidalepp J. R. — Biston pljushtschi Viidalepp sp. n. from the Hissar Mountain Range (Tadjikistan) is
described. The species is relatively isolated in the B. stratarius (Hufnagel, 1767) group of species of the
genus Biston Leach, 1815. Biston stuningi Viidalepp sp. n. from the West Pamirs and Western Tian-Shan
in Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrghyzstan belongs to the B. betularius (Linnaeus, 1758) species group
of the genus, differing in its wing pattern, male genitalia and hindlegs armature. Types of Biston
huberaria (Ballion, 1866) and B. tienschana Wehrli, 1940 are compared. Holotypes of the both new
species are deposited in the collection of the Institute of Zoology and Botany (Tartu) (ZBI), paratypes
in various collections.
Ke y wo r d s: Geometridae, Ennominae, Biston, new species, Tadjikistan, Usbekistan, Kyrghyzstan.
Äâà íîâûõ âèäà ðîäà Biston (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) èç Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè. Âèéäà-
ëåïï ß. Ð. — Îïèñàí Biston pljushtschi sp. n. èç Ãèññàðñêîãî õðåáòà, Òàäæèêèñòàí; âèä îòíîñè-
òåëüíî èçîëèðîâàí â ãðóïïå âèäîâ B. stratarius (Hufnagel, 1767) ðîäà Biston Leach, 1815. Biston
stuningi Viidalepp sp. n. èç Çàïàäíîãî Ïàìèðà è Çàïàäíîãî Òÿíü-Øàíÿ â Òàäæèêèñòàíå,
Óçáåêèñòàíå è Êûðãûçñòàíå îòíîñèòñÿ ê ãðóïïå B. betularius (Linnaeus, 1758), îòëè÷àÿñü ðèñóí-
êîì êðûëüåâ, ñòðîåíèåì ãåíèòàëèé ñàìöà è çàäíèõ íîã. Ïðîâåäåíî ñðàâíåíèå ñ òèïàìè Biston
huberaria (Ballion, 1866) è B. tienschana Wehrli, 1940. Ãîëîòèïû îáîèõ íîâûõ âèäîâ õðàíÿòñÿ â
êîëëåêöèè Èíñòèòóòà çîîëîãèè è áîòàíèêè (Òàðòó, Ýñòîíèÿ), ïàðàòèïû — â ðàçëè÷íûõ
êîëëåêöèÿõ.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: Geometridae, Ennominae, Biston, íîâûå âèäû, Òàäæèêèñòàí, Óçáåêèñòàí,
Êûðãûçñòàí.
Introduction
Two unnamed Biston sp. are listed in the last checklist of the Geometridae of the former USSR
(Viidalepp, 1996), their publication was postponed due search for types of possibly related taxa, as well as
for additional material and distribution data.
Altogether about 50 species are currently placed in the genus Biston Leach, 1815 (Scoble, 1999), a half
of the bulk concentrated in faunas of Southern Asia (26 spp.). Not less than six of them were described within
last 20 years, thereunder two taxa from Nepal (Inoue, 1982). Biston pljushtschi, sp. n. is distantly related to
B. stratarius (Hufnagel, 1767) according to build of its male antennae (pectinate to tip). B. stratarius is
characterized further by its amphi-palearctic distribution area (B. s. stratarius in Europe, represented by B.
stratarius laetus Moltrecht, 1927 in Primorye Territory, by B. s. hasegawai Inoue, 1955 in Hokkaido and
Honshu). B. achyra Wehrli, 1936 inhabits mountainous areas from Dagestan via the Caucasus up to northern
Syria (Wehrli, 1936) and northern Jordan (Hausmann, 1991).
The distribution of the Biston betularius species group is Holarctic but extends southwards to Nepal and
Western China (Inoue, 1982). While working through A. A. Bundel’s large collection of moths from Central
Asia now deposited in Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, two allopatric
and morphologically different species of the B. betularius group were found and preliminarily included as B. be-
tularius L. and B. alexandrinus (Wehrli, 1940) (Viidalepp, 1988). Later, after a careful study of a large series
of specimens from the Zailiiskii Alatau Mts., North Tian-Shan in Zoological Museum of University Helsinki
(ZMUH) et al. collections it became apparent that the boreal species B. betularius (= cognatarius Guenée,
[1858]) is represented by a dark subspecies B. betularius alexandrinus Wehrli in mountains of South-eastern
Kazakhstan (Kaila et al., 1996).
Wehrli (1940) has described two new taxa of the B. betularius group: B. cognataria (Guenée, [1858])
ssp. alexandrina, and Biston hueberaria ssp. tienschana Wehrli, 1940. A single male specimen fitting with the
Vestnik zoologii, 37(3): 89–92, 2003
© J. R. Viidalepp, 2003
description of B. tienschana was detected in collection of ZMUH labelled Thian-Shan Aksu (ex coll. Win-
ter). At the authors request, Dr. D. Stüning kindly has investigated the characters of type specimens (2 {,
2 }) of the last taxon in coll. E. Wehrli (ZFMK). Later, as a Deutscher Academischer Austauschdienst
stipendiate, the author was able to study these types anew. Indeed, B. tienschana is closely related to Biston
hypoleucos Kuznetsov, 1901 from Ussuri Territory (as mentioned in the original description), especially by
its wings shape and wings pattern delicate sandy brown above and ground colour creamy white, without any
dark pattern underneath. B. tienschana is supposedly confined to East Tian-Shan in NW China. The type
specimen of the third little known Biston taxon, Biston huberaria Ballion, 1866, has been studied in ZISP
collection. It represents an infrasubspecific form of B. betularius sibiricus Fuchs, 1899, confined to white-
trunk birch forests in south-western Siberia and characterized by poor but typical wing pattern of this species
on a pretty white ground. Accordingly, B. tienschana (as B. tianschanicus, an incorrect subsequent spelling)
has been considered as valid species in Viidalepp (1996).
Paratypes of described taxa are deposited in museums as follows (abbreviations in brackets): Institute
of Zoology and Botany at Estonian Agricultural University, Tartu (ZBI); Zoological Museum of Kyiv
University, Ukraine (ZMKU); Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg (ZISP);
Zoological Museum of University Helsinki, Finland (ZMUH); Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum
A. Koenig, Bonn, Germany (ZFMK); Zoologisches Staatssammlung München, Germany (ZSM).
Biston pljushtschi Viidalepp, sp. n. (fig. 1, 3)
Ma t e r i a l. Holotype {, Tadjikistan, Hissar Mts., Kondara, 1100 m, 19.04.1980 (Pljushtch) (ZBI).
Paratypes: {, same locality (Murzin) (Coll. S. V. Murzin, Moscow); {, Tadjikistan, Hissar Mts., Romit,
22–25.04.1991 (Jürivete) (ZMKU).
De s c r i p t i o n. Wingspan 47.0–48.0 mm (3 {). Male antennal pectinations yel-
low and reaching the tip of antenna like in B. stratarius. The length of external and
inner pectinations 0.8 and 0.75 mm, correspondingly. Frons thickly scaled, light grey,
brownish laterally; vertex and collar light grey, bordered whitish. Vestiture of thorax
brownish grey, that of patagiae silvery grey. Hindwings with veins Rs and M1 diverging
from one point, M2 reduced and represented by a fold. Hindlegs hairy, with distal pair
of spurs present and proximal spurs absent (both pairs present in B. stratarius).
Ground colour of forewings whitish brown, densely suffused dark grey (fig. 1).
Postmedial line less contrasting than in B. stratarius and B. achyra, enlarged into a grey
blotch between origins of veins Cu1 and Cu2. A median shadow from a greyish patch at
costa approximates to the postmedial line and parallels it from vein M3 to the anal mar-
gin of wing. Antemedial line marqueed by two grey blotches in discal cell and at anal
vein. Hindwings whitish, irrorated brown; two transverse lines grey, straight, appro-
ximating towards the anal margin of wing. Forewings underneath with a shadowy post-
discal wish grey; the distal part of both wings suffused darker. Fringe concolorous, brown-
ish grey (spotted light grey and darker brownish grey in both B. stratarius and B. achyra).
Male genitalia (fig. 3): slightly smaller than in Estonian B. s. stratarius of the same
wing length, less robust; apical projections of uncus more slender and more closely
approximated than in B. stratarius. Male genitalia are relatively uniform within the
genus Biston (compare e. g. Inoue (1982), fig. 41 A, B).
E t ymo l o g y. The species is named for Ukrainian lepidopterist Igor Pljushtch,
who succeeded to collect the first studied specimen of the new species.
D i f f e r e n t i a l d i a g no s i s. Male antennae pectinated to tip; hind legs with prox-
imal spur pair absent; forewings heavily suffused dark grey, with fringe concolorous.
Biston stuningi Viidalepp, sp. n. (fig. 2, 4)
Biston alexandrinus Viidalepp, 1988: 166 (misidentification).
Ma t e r i a l. Holotype {, Tadjikistan, West Pamirs, Chorog, Botanical Garden, 19.07.1985 (Nekrasov).
Paratypes: 22 {, 2 }, same locality, 22.05–23.07 1961–1975 (Bundel, Zaprjagaev) (ZISP); 3 {, }, same loc-
ality, 26.06–1.07.1981 (Kljutchko) (ZMKU); same locality, 22.07.1985 (Gorodinski) (ZMKU); 2 {, Chorog
1910 (Pamir or.) (Murashkin, ex coll. Sheljuzhko, ZMKU); 2 {, Tadjikistan, SW Pamirs, Shachdara Mts.,
3000 m, tugai at Sendiv, 18.07.1957 (Bundel) (ZISP); 3 {, Tadjikistan, W Pamirs, Vantsh basin, Gutshevast,
7–10.06.1978 (Viidalepp, Metsaviir) (ZBI); {, Tadjikistan, western flange of Peter I Range, at Obi-Hingou
River, 1600 m, 28.07.1988 (Jürivete) (ZBI); 2 {, Tadjikistan, Hissar Mts., Takob Valley, 12.08.1953 (Poto-
90 J. R. Viidalepp
polski) (ZISP); }, Tadjikistan, Hissar Mts., Pakrut, 18.07.1977 (Solianikov) (ZBI); {, Tadjikistan, Hissar
Mts., 1150 m, Romit, 25.07.1990 (R. Lindt) (ZMUH); {, Tadzhikistan, Vantsh, 2500 m, 10–27.07.1992
(R. Lindt) (ZMUH); 26 {, 4 }, Uzbekistan, W Tian-Shan Mts., Tshimgan, 800–2000 m, 69°58’E, 41°32’ N,
18–25.07.1990 (Gyulai, Hreblay) (ZSM); 2 {, Uzbekistan, Yangi-Kurgan, 71°43’E, 41°12’ N, 26.06.1986
(R. Lindt) (ZMUH); {, }, Uzbekistan, Tshimgan Mt., 26.06.–1.07.1981 (Jurivete, A. Lindt) (ZBI); 2 {,
Kyrghyzstan, Naryn Valley, 2000 m, 4–10.06.1993 (ex coll. Schintlmeister) (ZFMK); {, Kyrghyzstan,
Alamyshik Mts. 15 km W Naryn, 2300 m, 23.06.1995 (Lukhtanov) (ZSM).
De s c r i p t i o n. Wingspan 41.5–49.0 mm in males, 52.0–61.0 mm in females. The
straight course of the waved or saw-toothed postmedial fascia between veins M2 and An,
as well as the reduction of proximal spurs in hindlegs (less than ¾ length of distal spurs)
are diagnostic for the new species B. stuningi (fig. 2). Strong angling of the forewing
postmedial fascia distal to the discal cell and curving inward between the cell and sub-
sidiary angle at vein Cu2 is characteristic for B. betularius and B. tienschana. Hindwings
distal margin is straight between veins M1 and M3 in B. betularius and B. tienschana,
concave in B. stuningi. Male genitalia: Cornuti bundles in everted vesicas, and vesica
shapes are different in B. stuningi (fig. 4) and B. betularius (fig. 5). Juxta is much longer
(1.75 mm) in B. stuningi than in B. betularius (1.25 mm), cochlear (central projection
of gnathos) and uncus ampler.
Female genitalia have not been studied as these are relatively uninformative with-
in the genus Biston (Inoue, 1982).
E t ymo l o g y. The new species is dedicated to Dr. D. Stuning (ZMFK, Bonn).
Gender: masculine.
D i s c u s s i o n. An interesting peculiarity of the Chorog population of the new spe-
cies, B. stuningi is to be mentioned: the yellowish white ground colour of wings domi-
nating (ca 90% of specimens studied), combined with the median line contrastingly
blackish, broad, suffused. The populations of Vantsh valley (NW Pamirs), Peter I Ran-
ge, Hissar Mts. and Tshimgan Mt. differ in wings above suffused grey.
Another pure white taxon, Biston huberaria Ballion, 1866 (type in coll. ZISP, exami-
ned) possess a typical but reduced “betularius”-like wing pattern (discussed in Introduction).
91Two New Species of the Genus Biston ...
Fig. 1–3. 1 — Biston pliushtshi. Holotype, {, gen. prep. ZBI 3311. 2 — Biston stuningi. Paratype, {.
Wingspan, 48 mm (1), 49.5 mm (2). 3 — Male genitalian armature and aedeagus of Biston pliushtshi.
Holotype: scale bar 1 mm.
Ðèñ. 1–3. 1 — Biston pliushtshi. Ãîëîòèï, {, ãåí. ïðåï. ZBI 3311. 2 — Biston stuningi. Ïàðàòèï, {. Ðàçìàõ
êðûëüåâ: 48 ìì (1), 49,5 ìì (2). 3 — Ãåíèòàëüíàÿ àðìàòóðà ñàìöà è ýäåàãóñ Biston pliushtshi. Ãîëîòèï:
ìàñøòàáíàÿ ëèíåéêà 1 ìì.
3
Di f f e r e n t i a l d i a g no s i s. Similar to Biston betularius in facies but postmedial
fascia of forewings straight between veins M2 and An (instead of being produced out-
wards at discal vein and Cu2, and strongly concave between).
I thank I. Pljushtch (Kyiv) and V. S. Murzin (Moscow) for donation of rare specimens for study.
D. Stüning (ZFMK, Bonn) kindly studied the types of the rare B. tienshana Wehrli and submitted data
about them. K. Mikkola (ZMUH, Helsinki), D. Stüning (ZFMK, Bonn), V. G. Mironov (ZISP, St.-
Petersburg) and I. Kostjuk (ZMKU, Kyiv) kindly allowed access to collections under their curation and
support of authors’ study in different ways. A research stipendium from the Deutscher Academischer
Austauschdienst enabled the direct study of type specimens in ZFMK. Ms. E. Jaigma (Tartu) kindly has
checked the text of English version of the article. Author’s field works in Russian Far East and in
Tadjikistan, 1961–1979 have been subsided by the Estonian Academy of Sciences, the ongoing work on
collected material by the grant 4085 by the Estonian Science Foundation.
Hausmann A. Beitrag zur Geometridenfauna Palästinas: Die Spanner der Klapperich-Ausbeute aus Jordanien
(Lepidoptera, Geometridae) // Mitt. Münchn. Ent. Ges. — 1991. — 81. — S. 111–163.
Holloway J. D. The moths of Borneo, part 11 Geometridae Ennominae. — Southdene Sdn., Kuala
Lumpur. — 1993. — 309 p.
Kaila L., Viidalepp J., Mikkola K., Mironov V. Geometridae (Lepidoptera) from the Tian-Shan Mountains in
Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, with descriptions of three new species and one new subspecies // Acta
Zool. Fennica — 1996. — 200. — P. 57–82.
Inoue H. Geometridae of Eastern Nepal based on the collection of the Lepidopterological research expedition
to Nepal Himalaya by the Lepidopterological Society of Japan in 1963. Part II. // Bul. Fac. Domestic
Sci., Otsuma Woman’s Univ. — 1982. — 18. — P. 129–190.
Scoble M. J. Geometrid Moths of the World. A Catalogue. — CSIRO publ. & Apollo Books, 1999. — 1016 — 129 p.
Viidalepp J. Geometrid moths of the mountainous Central Asia. — Moscow : Nauka, 1988. — 240 p. —
Russian.
Viidalepp J. Checklist of the Geometridae of the former U.S.S.R. — Stenstrup : Apollo Books, 1996. — 111 p.
Wehrli E. Einige neue Arten und Rassen aus der Ausbeute des Herrn E. Pfeiffer, München. // Mitt. Münchn.
Ent. Ges. — 1936. — 26, N 1. — S. 33–38.
Wehrli E. Gattung Biston // Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Suppl. 4 / Ed. A. Seitz. — Stuttgart,
1940. — S. 429–435.
Fig. 4—5. 4 — Biston stuningi. Paratype, {, gen. prep. ZBI 4013. 5 — B. betularius, gen. prep. ZBI 4012.
Scale bar 1 mm.
Ðèñ. 4—5. 4 — Biston stuningi. Ïàðàòèï, {, ãåí. ïðåï. ZBI 4013. 5 — B. betularius, ãåí. ïðåï. ZBI 4012.
Ìàñøòàáíàÿ ëèíåéêà 1 mm.
92 J. R. Viidalepp
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